JP2001040645A - Fish pass for dam, fish feeder for going-down stream of river, and integral fish pass system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compact fish pass suitable for a high dam having large water-level difference. SOLUTION: Fishes are made to go upstream in order of a low waterway 12 → a low water-level chamber 15 → a vertical pipe 18B → a horizontal pipe 21B → an intermediate-stage pond 102 → an inclined waterway 103 → an upper- stage pond 101 →an upper-stage pond drain pipe 104 → a dam lake 13. Fishes can be made to go downstream in order of the dam lake 13 → a fish feeder 80 for going-downstream of the river → the upper-stage pond 101 → the inclined waterway 103 → the intermediate pond 102 → an intermediate-pond drain pipe 105 → a low waterway 12 in the integral fish-feed system. Thus, the integral fish-feed system is compacted along a bank body 11, and is suitable for a high dam because the going-upstream and going-downstream of fishes can be executed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fishway suitable for being attached to a dam, a descending fish feeder, and an integrated fishway system. The "dam" is a dam that includes dams and dikes that act to block water, and that includes small to large water level differences.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 20 is a sectional view of a conventional dam. Since a dam body 200 of the dam plays a role of damming water 201, both fishes 202 and 203 cannot cross the dam body 200. Considering upstream fish that go upstream for spawning and the like, it is desirable to attach a fishway described below to the embankment 200. FIG. 21 is a sectional view of a conventional fishway. If a fishway 210 having a gradient θ (for example, 1/10) is provided, the fish 202 and 203 can pass over the embankment 200 by passing through the fishway 210. Fishway 210 like this
Is often referred to as a "babbling fishway" because water is always flowing.

[0003]

Assuming that the height of the embankment 200 is H and the gradient is θ in FIG. 21, the horizontal length L of the fishway 210 is
Is H / θ. For example, H is 50 m, gradient is 1/1
If 0, the horizontal length L is 500 m. When there are terrain restrictions, such a long fishway 210 is
It is difficult to set it beside 0. In such a case, a special type of fishway, such as a stepped fishway or a slalom fishway, must be adopted. Such special fishways increase construction costs and are not very compact.

[0004] Incidentally, a high dam with a large H is required to effectively store a large amount of water. As described above, the larger the height H, the more the fishway becomes a problem. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a new type of fishway suitable for a high dam.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention is a fishway connecting a low waterway on the downstream side of the embankment with a dam lake on the upstream side. A semi-submerged or submerged lower chamber, a lower gate blocking the entrance connecting the lower chamber to the lower waterway, a vertical pipe rising from the lower chamber, and connecting an upper part of the vertical pipe below the surface of the dam lake. A horizontal pipe, a high gate closing an outlet of the horizontal pipe, a water injection pipe and a water injection valve for supplying lake water to the low chamber, a drain pipe and a drain valve for discharging water of the low chamber to the low water channel,
An air blowing pipe and an air valve for blowing air to guide the fish to the lower chamber, and a lower gate to open the fish in the lower waterway into the lower chamber, and after a certain period of time, closing and opening a water injection valve to lower the lower level. A control section for injecting lake water into the chambers, the vertical pipes and the horizontal pipes, and then performing a series of operations for opening a high-level gate and allowing fish to be sent out to the dam lake, is there.

The lower gate is opened to attract the fish in the lower waterway to the lower chamber, closed after a certain time, the injection valve is opened to inject the lake water into the lower chamber, the vertical pipe and the horizontal pipe, and then the high gate is opened. Send fish to dam lake. That is, the fish in the lower waterway is moved to the dam lake by using the lake pressure.

[0007] A second aspect of the present invention is a fishway connecting the lower waterway on the downstream side of the embankment with the dam lake on the upstream side. The fishway includes a lower chamber submerged or submerged in the lower waterway and a lower chamber. A low-level gate that shuts off an entrance communicating with the low-water channel; a vertical pipe rising from the low-level chamber; a horizontal pipe opening the upper end of the vertical pipe to a space above the water surface of the dam lake; A second water injection device for injecting lake water into the vicinity, an injection pipe and an injection valve for supplying lake water to the lower chamber, a drain pipe and a drain valve for discharging water from the lower chamber to a lower waterway, and a fish to the lower chamber. Open the air inlet pipe and air valve for injecting air for guiding, and the lower gate to draw the fish in the lower waterway into the lower chamber, close it after a certain period of time, open the water injection valve to open the lower chamber and the vertical pipe to the lake. And then the second
A dam fishway comprising: a control unit for executing a series of operations for sending fish to a dam lake by injecting lake water near an upper end of a vertical pipe with a water injection device.

[0008] The lower gate is opened to attract fish from the lower channel to the lower chamber, closed after a certain period of time, the injection valve is opened to inject lake water into the lower chamber and the vertical pipe, and then the vertical pipe is opened by the second water injection device. Fish is sent out to the dam lake by pouring lake water near the upper end. In other words, while using the lake pressure skillfully,
The shortage of water is compensated by the second water injection device, and the fish in the low water channel is moved to the dam lake.

Claim 3 is a fishway connecting the lower waterway on the downstream side of the embankment with the dam lake on the upstream side, the fishway comprising a lower chamber semi-sinked or submerged in the lower waterway, and a lower chamber. A low-level gate that shuts off an entrance communicating with the low-water channel, a vertical pipe that rises from the low-level chamber, a horizontal pipe that opens the upper end of the vertical pipe into a space above the water surface of the dam lake, and a low-level chamber. An inner chamber having a sealed structure, a through hole formed in a lower portion of the inner chamber for communicating the inside and the outside of the inner chamber, a second air blowing pipe and a second air valve for blowing air into an upper space of the inner chamber. A vent pipe and a vent valve for discharging air collected in the upper space of the inner chamber, a drain pipe and a drain valve for discharging water from the lower chamber to the lower channel, and blowing air to guide fish to the lower chamber. Sky Open the lower gate to draw the lower channel into the lower channel to draw in the intake pipe and air valve and the lower channel, close it after a period of time, open the second air valve to push out the water in the lower chamber, And a control unit for executing a series of operations for discharging the fish to the dam lake through the vertical pipe and the horizontal pipe and sending out the fish to the dam lake.

The lower gate is opened to attract fish from the lower waterway into the lower chamber, closed after a certain period of time, the second air valve is opened to push out the water in the inner chamber, and thereby the water in the lower chamber is drained vertically and horizontally. Discharge into the dam lake via a pipe and send the fish to the dam lake. That is, using the air pressure skillfully,
Move the fish from the low water channel to the dam lake.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the compressed air used in opening and closing the gate and each valve and the compressed air used in the fishway for the dam, such as the air blown into the lower chamber, rotate the water turbine blades with the water discharged from the dam. It is characterized in that it is generated by a compressed air generating device where the compressor blades are turned by the water turbine blades.

[0012] Compressed air is produced from the water discharged from the dam, and the compressed air is used to open and close the gate and various valves of the fishway.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, an acoustic oscillator or a light emitting lamp for guiding fish is disposed in the lower chamber. The fish is guided by vibrating waves or light and collected in the lower chamber.

[0014] Claim 6 is a vessel which is a closed container,
An opening in the ceiling of the vessel and a shutter that closes the opening, a net fence and guide fence on the ceiling of the vessel to collect fish, and these fences are half-sinked on the lake surface, and the level is raised as the vessel is sunk. Float and anchor to keep, an air pipe for blowing compressed air into the upper part of the vessel, water and fish from the lower part of the vessel, and a fish pipe for sending to a higher place, and opening the shutter,
A control unit that closes after a lapse of a predetermined time, performs a series of operations of blowing compressed air into the upper part of the vessel and sending out water and fish in the vessel to a high place through a fish pipe, and a fish feeding apparatus for descending river. .

The shutter is opened and closed after a lapse of a predetermined time,
Compressed air is blown into the upper part of the vessel to send out water and fish in the vessel to a high place through a fish pipe. That is, the fish is moved to a high place using the air pressure skillfully.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, an acoustic oscillator or a light emitting lamp for guiding fish is arranged in the vessel. The fish is guided by vibrating waves or light and collected in a vessel.

[0018] Claim 8 is an upper-stage pond having a water level higher than the surface of the dam lake and a middle-stage pond having a water level lower than the surface of the dam lake, which is provided in the vicinity of the embankment body separating the dam lake and the low waterway. 7. An inclined channel connecting the upper and middle ponds, the fish feeder for descending river according to claim 6, which sends fish and water to the upper ponds, and the bottom of the upper ponds communicates with a dam lake, and The upper drain pond draining all the fish to the dam lake, the lower chamber semi-sinked or sunk in the lower channel, the lower gate blocking the entrance communicating with the lower channel to the lower channel, and the lower chamber being set up from the lower chamber. A vertical pipe, a horizontal pipe having the upper end of the vertical pipe open above the water surface of the middle pond, a water injection pipe and a water injection valve for supplying lake water to the lower chamber, and a drain for discharging water from the lower chamber to the lower waterway. Pipe and drain valve and air to guide fish to lower chamber And blown air blowing pipe and air valve, which is integrated fishway system including a middle battery drain pipe to drop to the low water channel not remain water and fish middle pond.

The fish goes up in the order of low water channel → lower chamber → vertical tube → horizontal tube → middle pond → inclined channel → upper pond → upper pond drain tube → dam lake. In addition, the fish descends in the order of dam lake → descending fish feeder → upper stage pond → inclined channel → middle stage pond → middle stage pond drain pipe → low channel.

[0019]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The correspondence between the claims and the drawings is as follows. The invention according to claim 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. The invention according to claim 2 will be described with reference to FIGS. The invention according to claim 3 is shown in FIG.
1, 12, 13, and 14 will be described. The invention according to claim 4 will be described with reference to FIG. The invention according to claim 5 will be described with reference to FIG. The invention according to claim 6 will be described with reference to FIGS. The invention according to claim 7 will be described with reference to FIG. The invention according to claim 8 will be described with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fishway (first embodiment) according to the present invention. A fishway 10 is a fishway connecting a low waterway 12 downstream of a dam body 11 to a dam lake 13 upstream. A low-pass chamber 15 that is semi-submerged or submerged in the low waterway 12
And a lower gate 17 for shutting off an inlet 16 connecting the lower chamber 15 to the low water channel 12, a vertical pipe 18 rising obliquely or directly above the lower chamber 15, and an upper portion 19 of the vertical pipe 18 as a dam. Horizontal pipe 21 connecting below the surface of lake 13
, A high-level gate 22 for closing the outlet of the horizontal pipe 21, and the piping described in the next figure. 23, 23 are nozzles supporting the vertical pipe 18.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a fishway (first embodiment) according to the present invention. The fishway 10 includes a low chamber 15, a low gate 17, a vertical pipe 18, a horizontal pipe 21, and a high gate 22. A water supply pipe 25 and a water supply valve 26 for supplying lake water to the low chamber 15, and water in the low chamber 15 to the low water passage 12.
Pipe 27 and a drain valve 28 for discharging air to the lower chamber 15 and an air blowing pipe 2 for blowing air for guiding fish to the lower chamber 15
9 and the air valve 31 and the fish in the low water channel 12
5, the lower gate 17 is opened, closed after a certain time, the injection valve 26 is opened, and the lower chamber 15 and the vertical pipe 18 are opened.
And a control unit 32 for executing a series of operations for injecting lake water into the horizontal pipe 21 and then opening the high-order gate 22 to enable the fish to be sent out to the dam lake 13.

As shown in the figure, the horizontal pipe 21 may be opened below the surface of the dam lake 13.
3 to be provided at a position of about 1 to 5 m below the water surface. If the height is 5 m below the water surface, a water pressure of 0.5 kg / cm ² is applied to the high gate 22. The greater the water pressure, the higher the capacity of the valve actuator (such as a lifting cylinder). Also,
Inspection of the high-level gate 22 underwater is limited to 5 m. Therefore, it is desirable to provide the horizontal pipe 21 in a range of 1 to 5 m below the water surface.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the lower chamber according to the present invention. The lower chamber 15 includes a floor 34, a front wall 35, side walls 36, 36 (the front 36 is not shown), a rear wall 37, and the embankment body 11. Small room comprising an inclined ceiling 38 having an upward slope toward
The lower end of the vertical pipe 18 is connected to the position close to the bank body 11 of FIG.

Further, the water injection pipe 25, the air blowing pipe 29, and the drain pipe 27 are connected to the floor 34, an acoustic oscillator 41 is provided, and a light-emitting lamp 42 is provided below the back wall 37. Inside, an acoustic oscillator 41 and a light emitting lamp 42 are arranged. Many fish have the property of being induced by light or certain sounds. Therefore, the present inventors have devised so that the light-emitting lamp 42 can emit a guide light and the acoustic oscillator 41 can emit a guide vibration wave. In addition, it is desirable to arrange both the acoustic oscillator 41 and the light emitting lamp 42, but depending on the habit of the target fish, it is acceptable to arrange only one of which is considered to be more effective.

As described above, if the lower chamber 15 is made up of a box consisting of the floor 34, the walls 35 to 37, and the inclined ceiling 38, the lower chamber 15 can be manufactured in a factory in advance. Since it is only necessary to carry into the site and submerge in the low water channel 12, the on-site construction is reduced and the construction period can be shortened. However, the floor 34 and the back wall 37 can be omitted by substituting the floor 34 with the riverbed of the low water channel 12 and substituting the back wall 37 with the front surface of the bank body 11.

Further, as shown in FIG.
5 has a sufficiently large cross-sectional area compared to the diameter of the vertical pipe 18. This is intended to make it easier to collect upstream fish. However, the purpose can be achieved even if a wrapper pipe is connected below the vertical pipe 18 and the lower gate 17 is attached to this wrapper pipe, so that the shape of the lower chamber 15 is not particularly limited.

FIG. 4 is a principle diagram of a compressed air generator suitable for the present invention. Water flows into the dam lake 13 constantly from an upstream river. Therefore, by discharging an amount of water corresponding to the inflow water to the low water channel 12 through the discharge pipe 49, the dam lake 1
The water level of No. 3 is kept at a predetermined level. Conventionally, this kind of effluent is simply discharged through a discharge pipe 49. On the other hand, an air cylinder for raising and lowering the lower gate 17 and the higher gate 22 shown in FIG.
An air cylinder for opening and closing the drain valve 28 and the air valve 31;
The compressed air supplied to the air blowing pipe 29 is necessary. The present invention is characterized in that a compressed air generator 50 capable of producing necessary compressed air by using effluent water skillfully is added to the accessory equipment of the dam in order to provide these uses.

Specifically, the compressed air generating device 50 is a device in which a water turbine and a compressor are mechanically connected.
A base 51, bearings 52, 52, a shaft 53, and a shaft 5
3 and a water turbine blade 54 attached to one end of the water turbine
, A compressor blade 56 attached to the other end of the shaft 53, a compressor casing 57 surrounding the compressor blade 56, an air filter 58 attached to an inlet of the compressor casing 57, and a compressor. And an air tank 59 installed on the outlet side of the machine casing 57.

The compressed air generator 50 is connected to the discharge pipe 4
Let me break in the middle of 9. If you open the valve of the discharge pipe 49,
Water from the dam lake 13 flows into the water turbine casing 55, turns the water turbine blades 54, exits from the water turbine casing 55, and reaches the low water channel 12 through the discharge pipe 49. If the water depth of the dam lake 13 is 60 m, the water pressure at the bottom of the lake is 60 m (6 kg / c
m ² equivalent), and the fluid has a large energy as is at high pressure. This energy causes the water turbine blade 54 to rotate at high speed.

As a result, the compressor blade 56 also rotates at a high speed, giving a centrifugal force to the air sucked through the air filter 58, and the speed energy (dynamic pressure) accompanying this is diffused into a diffuser (conch shell) of the compressor casing 57. 4kg by converting into pressure energy (static pressure) in the annular chamber
/ Cm ² of compressed air can be produced. The compressed air produced in this way may be stored in the air tank 59 and used as needed.

If a speed increaser is provided between the water turbine blade 54 and the compressor blade 56 and the speed of the compressor blade 56 is increased by about 1.5 to 2.5 times, about 6 to 8 kg / cm ² is obtained. Higher pressure compressed air can be obtained. However, the production air volume is reduced accordingly.

The operation of the above-described fishway (first embodiment) will be described with reference to FIGS. FIGS. 5A and 5B are explanatory diagrams (1) of the operation of the fishway (first embodiment) of the present invention. First, in (a), compressed air is sent to open the lower gate 17. Then, the acoustic oscillator 41 is operated to emit a guided wave, and the light emitting lamp 42 emits a guided light. In addition, air is blown out from the air blowing pipe 29. Fish have the property of being induced by vibration and light, and have the property of gathering in oxygen-rich areas. Therefore, fish in the low water channel 12 are guided and enter the low chamber 15.

After a predetermined time has elapsed, the lower gate 17 is closed as shown in FIG. Thereafter, the light emitting lamp 42 and the acoustic oscillator 41 are stopped. The air blowing continues to supplement the dissolved oxygen in water in the lower chamber 15.

FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b) show the fishway (first embodiment) of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram (part 2) of the operation of the embodiment). In (a),
Open the water injection valve 26. Then, the water (lake water) of the dam lake 13 reaches the lower chamber 15 through the water injection pipe 25, fills the lower chamber 15, and then rises the vertical pipe 18. This rise is caused by the principle of the communication pipe, and the water surface of the vertical pipe 18
Continue until the water surface matches 3.

In (b), the water level of the vertical pipe 18 is
, The high gate 22 is opened. Since the water pressure acting on both surfaces (the left and right surfaces in the figure) of the high gate 22 is the same, the lifting force for raising the high gate 22 is small. Therefore, the high gate 22 opens easily. During this time, if air is continuously blown from the air blowing pipe 29, the bubbles reach the vertical pipe 18 along the inclined ceiling 38 and rise up the vertical pipe 18. The fish follows the bubble and the vertical tube 1
Ascend 8 and reach dam lake 13 via horizontal pipe 21.

Although a water pressure of about 6 kg / cm ^{2 is applied} to the lower gate 17 and water leakage is expected, if the water injection valve 26 is kept open, the leaked water can be replenished with lake water. . It is more preferable that the lower gate 17 has a completely watertight structure, but there is no problem even if there is a slight leak. The first embodiment has an advantage that an inexpensive gate can be employed if leakage is allowed.

FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b) show a fishway (first embodiment) of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram (part 3) of the operation of the embodiment). In (a),
The water injection valve 26 is closed, the high gate 22 is closed, and then the drain valve 28 is opened. Then, the water in the horizontal pipe 21, the vertical pipe 18, and the lower chamber 15 flows out to the low water channel 12 through the drain pipe 27. This drainage is performed when the water level of the low chamber 15 is low
Continue until the water level matches 2. At this time, since the upper end of the vertical pipe 18 is open, air enters from here and the drainage of the vertical pipe is not hindered. Next, in (b), the drain valve 2
8 is closed and the lower gate 17 is opened. As a result, FIG.
, And thereafter, it may be repeated in the order of FIG. 5 → FIG. 6 → FIG. 7 → FIG. 5 → FIG.

The above-mentioned fishway (first embodiment) is a technique that utilizes the water pressure of a dam lake, and opens and closes a valve (valve) while raising and lowering a gate with compressed air produced from discharge water. This allows the fish to go upstream without supplying external electric or fossil energy. However, the first embodiment is suitable for the case where the water level of the dam lake does not fluctuate so much. When there is a large difference between the standard water level and the maximum water level (during a heavy rain, for example), the horizontal pipe 21 is used.
The position of is not determined, and is not always appropriate. At that time, the following second embodiment is effective.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a fishway (second embodiment) according to the present invention. Elements common to the first embodiment are denoted by reference numerals. The same applies to the third and subsequent embodiments. The fishway 10B of the second embodiment (B or C is added to distinguish it from the fishway 10 of the first embodiment) connects the lower waterway 12 downstream of the embankment 11 and the dam lake 13 upstream. A lower passage 15 which is a fish passage, semi-sinked or sunk in the lower waterway 12,
An inlet 16 communicating this low chamber 15 with the low water channel 12
Gate 17 for shutting off the air, a vertical pipe 18B rising from the low chamber 15, and an upper end of the vertical pipe 18B is connected to the dam lake 1
3 and a second water injection device 60 for injecting lake water near the upper end of the vertical pipe 18B.
An injection pipe 25 and an injection valve 26 for supplying lake water to the lower chamber 15; a drain pipe 27 and a drain valve 28 for discharging water from the lower chamber 15 to the lower waterway 12;
An air blowing pipe 29 and an air valve 31 for blowing air to guide fish to the lower channel 15 and a lower gate 17 for bringing fish in the lower channel 12 into the lower chamber 15 are opened. Open to lower chamber 15 and vertical tube 18
B, and then the second pipetting device 60 injects the vertical pipe 18B.
And a controller 32B for executing a series of operations for sending fish to the dam lake 13 by injecting lake water near the upper end of the lake.

Unlike the first embodiment, the second embodiment has a vertical pipe 18B and a horizontal pipe 21B connected in a curved pipe shape. The second water injection device 60 includes a water pump 61, a second water injection pipe 62, and a valve 63. The drive source of the water pump 61 is preferably an ejector using the compressed air generated by the compressed air generator 50 (see FIG. 4) as a drive source.
It may be an electric pump. Further, since the lower chamber 15 is the same as that described in the first embodiment, the description of the structure is omitted.

The operation of the fishway according to the second embodiment will now be described. FIGS. 9A to 9C are explanatory views (part 1) of the operation of the fishway according to the second embodiment. In (a), the lower gate 17 is opened and a fish is called. Light emitting lamps and sound generators are omitted. At (b), after a certain time has elapsed, the lower gate 17 is closed. At (c), the water injection valve 26 is opened, and the lake water is injected into the lower chamber 15 through the water injection pipe 25. Although the level of the water filling the vertical pipe 18B becomes the same as that of the lake surface, it does not reach the horizontal pipe 21B. Therefore, the following figure is implemented.

FIGS. 10A and 10B are explanatory diagrams (2) of the operation of the fishway according to the second embodiment. In (a), the water pump 61 is activated, and the lake water is injected into the upper end of the vertical pipe 18B via the second water injection pipe 62. After filling the upper end of the vertical pipe 18B, the injected water overflows into the dam lake 13 via the horizontal pipe 21B. The low chamber 15 is now connected to the lake surface. When air is blown through the air blow pipe 29, the fish is guided to the foam and reaches the dam lake 13. At (b), after a certain time, the drain valve 28 is opened, water is discharged to the low water channel 12 through the drain pipe 27, and the low gate 17 is opened. This returns to FIG. 9A.

In the second embodiment, the fact that the lake pressure is skillfully used, the need for a high-level gate is eliminated, and the dam lake 13
It is characterized in that the water level of the water can vary greatly. However, the second water injection device 60 (the water pump 61, the second water injection pipe 62, and the valve 63) is required. In the following third embodiment, the second water injection device 60 can be apparently abolished.

FIG. 11 shows a fishway according to the present invention (third embodiment).
The fish passage 10C is a fish passage connecting the low water channel 12 on the downstream side of the embankment body 11 and the dam lake 13 on the upstream side, and is a low-level chamber 15C semi-sinked or sunk in the low water channel 12.
A lower gate 17C for shutting off an entrance connecting the lower chamber 15C to the low water channel 12, and a lower chamber 15C
A vertical pipe 18B, and a horizontal pipe 21B opening the upper end of the vertical pipe 18B into a space above the water surface of the dam lake 13.
An inner chamber 65 having a sealed structure built in the lower chamber 15C, a through hole opened in a lower portion of the inner chamber 65 for communicating between the inside and the outside of the inner chamber 65 (described in FIG. 12), and an upper portion of the inner chamber 65 A second air blowing pipe 67 for blowing air into the space and a second air valve 68;
An air vent pipe 71 and an air vent valve 72 for discharging the air collected in the upper space of the inner chamber 65, a drain pipe 27 and a drain valve 28 for discharging the water in the lower chamber 15C to the lower waterway 12, and guiding the fish to the lower chamber 15C. In order to bring the fish in the low water channel 12 into the low chamber 15C, the low gate 17C is opened, and after a certain period of time, the second air valve 68 is opened. A control unit that executes a series of operations for discharging water in the lower chamber 15C to the dam lake 13 through the vertical pipe 18B and the horizontal pipe 21B by pushing water out of the inner chamber 65, and sending out fish to the dam lake 13. 32C.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view of the lower chamber of the third embodiment. The lower chamber 15C comprises a floor 34 and a front wall 35.
, Side walls 36, 36 (the front 36 is not shown), a relatively low ceiling 39, a lower gate 17 </ b> C, an inner chamber 65, and a through hole 6 formed in a lower portion of the inner chamber 65.
6 (... denotes a plurality, the same applies hereinafter), an air release pipe 71 and an air release valve 72 for releasing air from the inner chamber 65, and a second air blowing pipe for blowing air into the inner chamber 65. 67 and a second air valve 68. In the third embodiment, the lower gate 17C has a structure having high watertightness.

With the above configuration, the operation of the third embodiment will be described. FIGS. 13A and 13B are explanatory diagrams (1) of the operation of the third embodiment. In (a), the lower gate 17C is opened, and a fish is called. At the same time, the air vent valve 72 is opened to put the inner chamber 65 in a state where the inner chamber 65 can be exhausted. As a result, the accumulated air escapes, and the inner chamber 65 becomes full. After a certain period of time, the lower gate 17C is closed and the air vent valve 72 is closed at (b).

FIGS. 14A and 14B are explanatory diagrams (part 2) of the operation of the third embodiment. In (a), the second air valve 68
Is opened, and compressed air is blown into the inner chamber 65 through the second air blowing pipe 67. The blown air accumulates in the upper portion of the inner chamber 65, and the water flows through the hole 66 correspondingly.
Through the inner chamber 65. When the extruded water is added to the water in the lower chamber 15C, the lower chamber 15C becomes full and subsequently starts filling the vertical pipe 18B.

The compressed air used in this embodiment is lake water.
If the depth is 60m, at least 7kg / cm^Two, Preferred
Or 10kg / cm^TwoUse high pressure air. 6 kg
/ Cm ^TwoIf less than the pressure, there is no room for the pressure, and the following (b) will be smooth
Because it cannot be executed.

(B) shows a state in which the water in the inner chamber 65 has been sufficiently extruded. At this time, the vertical pipe 18B is full and the water overflows from the horizontal pipe 21B into the lake water. If the air is blown in advance by the air blowing pipe 29, the fish is guided by air bubbles, and the fish flows from the horizontal pipe 21B to the lake water together with the water. Next, the drain valve 28 is opened, and the water in the horizontal pipe 21B and the vertical pipe 18B is discharged to the low water channel 12, and the flow returns to FIG.

In the third embodiment, since the inner chamber 65 is built in, the structure of the lower chamber 15C is slightly complicated. However, the water injection pipe 25, the water injection valve 26, and the second water injection device 60 shown in FIG. 8 become unnecessary, and the fishway becomes compact as a whole and has a good appearance. This third embodiment and the above-described second embodiment are fishways suitable for "running up", and are not fishways returning fish from the dam lake 13 to the low waterway 12. Therefore, a technique for moving fish downstream is described below. In addition,
Returning from the dam lake 13 to the low water channel 12 is referred to as “drainage”.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a fish feeding device for descending river according to the present invention. The fish feeding device for descending river 80 comprises a vessel 81 which is a closed container, an opening 82 provided on the ceiling of the vessel 81, and A shutter 83 for closing the opening 82, a net fence 84 and guide fences 85, 85 erected on the ceiling of the vessel 81 for collecting fish, and the fences 84, 85, 85 are semi-sinked on the lake surface, so that the vessel 81 is sunk. Floats 86, 86 and anchors 87... That maintain the level, a spray pipe 88 for generating a water flow for pursuing fish to the net fence 84, and water sucked in from a suction pipe 89, pressurized and sent to the spray pipe 88 The circulation pump 90 and the shutter 83 are opened and closed after a lapse of a predetermined time, and the vessel 81 is closed.
A control unit 93 for executing a series of operations for blowing water and fish in the vessel 81 to a high place through a fish feed pipe 92 by blowing compressed air through an air supply pipe 91 to the upper part of the vessel, and other piping.

FIGS. 16 (a) to 16 (c) are diagrams for explaining the operation of the fish feeding device for descending river according to the present invention. 8A, a fish is driven into a net fence 84, a vibration wave is transmitted by an acoustic transmitter 41 provided inside a vessel 81, and a light-emitting lamp 42 is provided.
Is turned on, and the shutter 83 is opened. The fish approaching the net fence 84 is guided by sound and light and enters the vessel 81 through the opening 82.

In (b), the compressed air is supplied to the cylinder, the shutter 83 is closed, and the compressed air is blown into the vessel 81 by the air supply pipe 91. By this blowing, the water level in the vessel 81 falls, and the water is discharged through the fish pipe 92 by that amount. The fish is forced out of the vessel 81 together with the water. In (c), the tip of the fish pipe 92 is made to pass over the levee body 11 and inserted into the vertical pipe 18, and the dam lake 1
The third fish can be returned to the vertical tube 18.

Thereafter, returning to (b), the valves 94 and 95 are opened, and the air is discharged from the valve 95.
The lake water is injected into the vessel 81. When the injection is over, valve 9
Close 4,95. Thus, the state shown in FIG. That is, the fish can be intermittently descended by repeating (a) and (b).

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the integrated fishway system according to the present invention. The integrated fishway system 100 includes the embankment 11 itself or the embankment 11 that separates the dam lake 13 and the low waterway 12.
, An upper pond 101 whose water level is higher than the water surface of the dam lake 13, a middle pond 102 whose water level is lower than the water surface of the dam lake 13, these upper pond 101 and the middle pond 1.
02, an inclined waterway (including a slalom waterway and a murmuring waterway) 103, a fish feeder 80 for feeding fish and water to the upper pond 101 (see FIG. 15 for details), and an upper pond 101.
An upper pond drain pipe 104 that communicates the bottom of the reservoir with the dam lake 13 and drops all the water and fish in the upper pond 101 to the dam lake 13;
The low chamber 1 shown in FIG.
5, a lower gate 17 that shuts off an inlet connecting the lower chamber 15 to the low water channel 12, a vertical pipe 18B rising from the low chamber 15, and an upper end of the vertical pipe 18B above the water surface of the middle pond 102. A horizontal pipe 21B opening into the space, a water injection pipe (reference numeral 25 shown in FIG. 18) and a water injection valve (reference numeral 26 shown in FIG. 18) for supplying lake water to the low chamber 15, and water in the low chamber 15 to the low water passage 12. A drain pipe and a drain valve for draining (reference numerals 27 and 28 shown in FIG. 18), and an air blowing pipe and an air valve for blowing air to guide fish to the lower chamber 15 (reference numerals 29 and 31 shown in FIG. 18). And a middle pond drain pipe 105 for dropping water and fish from the middle pond 102 to the low water channel 12.

Reference numeral 107 denotes a stream, and this stream 10
A flow is always created in the inclined channel 103 by the injection of water 7. Middle terrace pond 1
The excess water in 02 flows to the low water channel 12 through the overflow water channel 108. Therefore, the upper pond 101 and the middle pond 1
Don't worry about overflowing 02. 109 is a fish stopping net.

FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the integrated fishway system according to the present invention (No. 1), in which water is injected into the lower chamber 15 by the water injection pipe 25 and the water injection valve 26, and the water is drained by the drain pipe 27 and the drain valve 28. The discharging of the water in the lower chamber 15 to the lower water channel 12 and the blowing of air into the lower chamber 15 by the air blowing pipe 29 and the air valve 31 are as described in the second embodiment. However, since the middle pond 102 is sufficiently lower than the dam lake 13, when the lake water is sent to the lower chamber 15 through the irrigation pipe 25, the lake water has a power to rise above the upper end of the vertical pipe 18B. Exits to the middle pond 102 from the horizontal pipe 21B. That is, the second water injection device 60 shown in FIG. 8 and the inner chamber 65 shown in FIG. 11 become unnecessary. The other operations of the drain pipe 27, the drain valve 28, the air blowing pipe 29, and the air valve 31 are as described above, and thus description thereof is omitted here.

In FIG. 18, the fish in the low water channel 12 is transferred to the middle pond 102 through the low chamber 15, the vertical pipe 18B and the horizontal pipe 21B as shown by the arrows. The fish in the middle pond 102 go up the slope waterway 103 by themselves as indicated by the arrow.
It can be expected that fish gather at the upper pond 101 by the arrow. Therefore, after a certain period of time, the first drain valve 1
11 is opened, and all the accumulated water in the upper pond 101 is dropped to the dam lake 13 through the upper pond drain pipe 104 (arrow). This means that all fish in the upper pond 101 have moved to the dam lake 13.

FIG. 19 is a diagram (part 2) for explaining the operation of the integrated fishway system according to the present invention. The fish from the dam lake 13 is transferred to the upper pond 101 by the descending fish feeder 80 as indicated by the arrow. If the fish aims to descend, it moves from the upper pond 101 to the middle pond 102 through the inclined channel 103 (arrow). At regular time intervals, the second drain valve 112 is opened, and the accumulated water in the middle pond 102 is dropped together with the fish to the low water channel 12 through the middle pond drain pipe 105 (arrow). The fish in the dam lake 13 can be moved to the low waterway 12 by the arrow.

That is, FIG. 18 is a diagram of the upstream operation, and FIG. 19 is a diagram of the descending operation.
It can be said that the integrated fishway system 100 shown in FIG. 7 is suitable for a dam having a large difference in water level (high dam).

The vertical pipes 18 and 18B may be either diagonal pipes along the outer wall of the bank body 11 as in the embodiment, buried pipes embedded in the bank body 11, or tunnels formed in the bank body 11. It may be.

Further, a drain valve 28 is incorporated in the lower gates 17, 17C themselves, and the drain pipe 27 is connected to the lower gates 17, 17C.
It can also be integrated with.

Further, when the water level difference between the front and rear of the embankment body 11 is small, the lower gates 17 and 17C that close the inlet 16 can also serve as the drain valve 28. In this case,
The inlet 16 also serves as a drain pipe 27. Therefore, the drain pipe 27 and the drain valve 28 may be provided independently, or may be shared by other members.

[0064]

According to the present invention, the following effects are exhibited by the above configuration. Claim 1 claims a lower chamber, a vertical tube, a horizontal tube,
A water pipe and a water injection valve for injecting lake water into the low chamber, and a control section constitute a dam fishway, open the low gate to attract fish in the low waterway to the low chamber, and close it after a certain time,
Opening a water injection valve to inject lake water into the lower chamber, vertical pipe and horizontal pipe, and then opening a higher gate to send out fish to the dam lake. The fish in the waterway can be moved to the dam lake.
The fish moves from the low water channel to the high dam lake with the rising water of the vertical pipe, so that the fish can go up smoothly without damaging the fish. Since the fishway has a vertically long configuration as a whole, the fishway can be easily installed on the high dam and the fishway can be made compact.

In the second aspect, a low chamber, a vertical pipe, a horizontal pipe, a second water injection device for injecting water into the upper part of the vertical pipe, a water injection pipe and a water injection valve for injecting lake water into the low chamber, and a dam for the control unit. A lowway gate is opened to draw fish from the low waterway into the low chamber, closed after a certain time, the water injection valve is opened to inject lake water into the low chamber and the vertical pipe, and then the second water injection device is constructed. The fish is sent to the dam lake by pouring the lake water near the upper end of the vertical pipe, and the lake water pressure is skillfully used. Can be moved to a dam lake. The fish moves from the low water channel to the high dam lake with the vertical pipe rising water, without damaging the fish,
You can go up smoothly. Since the fishway has a vertically long configuration as a whole, the fishway can be easily installed on the high dam and the fishway can be made compact.

A third aspect of the present invention provides a low chamber, a vertical pipe, a horizontal pipe, an inner chamber for pushing up water in the low chamber, a second air blowing pipe and a second air valve, and a control unit for dams. By constructing a fishway, opening the lower gate to attract the fish in the lower channel to the lower chamber, closing it after a certain period of time, opening the second air valve and pushing out the water in the inner chamber,
Discharging the water in the lower chamber to the dam lake through the vertical and horizontal pipes and sending out the fish to the dam lake. Using the air pressure to move the fish in the lower waterway to the dam lake. Can be done. The fish moves from the low water channel to the high dam lake with the rising water of the vertical pipe, so that the fish can go up smoothly without damaging the fish. Since the fishway has a vertically long configuration as a whole, the fishway can be easily installed on the high dam and the fishway can be made compact.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, compressed air is produced from the water discharged from the dam, and the compressed air is used to open and close the gate and various valves of the fishway. In general, compressed air for opening and closing gates and opening and closing various valves is produced by a compressor using a motor as a driving source. In this regard, according to the fourth aspect, since compressed air is produced by discharging from the dam, electricity is not required, so there is no need to buy electricity from outside, and the operating cost can be reduced.

A fifth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that an acoustic oscillator or a light emitting lamp for guiding fish is arranged in the lower chamber, and the fish is guided by vibration waves or light and collected in the lower chamber. The fish can be effectively collected in the lower chamber, and the fish can be moved efficiently.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fish feeding device for descending river comprising a vessel, a shutter, a net fence, an air pipe, a fish feeding tube, and a control unit, wherein the shutter is opened and closed after a lapse of a predetermined time. Compressed air is blown into the upper part of the vessel to send out water and fish in the vessel to a high place through a fish pipe, and the fish can be moved to a high place by using air pressure skillfully. . With this fish-falling fish feeder, fish from the dam lake can be moved to, for example, an upper pond higher than the dam lake.

A seventh aspect of the present invention is characterized in that an acoustic oscillator or a light emitting lamp for guiding fish is arranged in the vessel, and the fish is guided by vibration waves or light and collected in the vessel. The fish can be collected effectively and the fish can be moved efficiently.

According to claim 8, the fish can be moved up in the order of low water channel → lower chamber → vertical tube → horizontal tube → middle stage pond → inclined channel → upper pond → upper pond drain tube → dam lake. This is a comprehensive fish feeding system that allows fish to descend in the order of dam lake → descending fish feeder → upper pond → inclined channel → middle pond → middle pond drain pipe → low water channel. Providing the upper and middle ponds in the vicinity of the embankment is not geographically difficult, and the lower chamber, vertical pipe and horizontal pipe can be installed very close to the embankment. Therefore, the integrated fish feeding system becomes compact along the embankment body, which is preferable. Also, since the integrated fish feeding system can carry out fish ascending and descending, it can provide a very useful fishway in the high dam.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fishway (first embodiment) according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a fishway (first embodiment) according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a lower chamber according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a principle diagram of a compressed air generator suitable for the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the fishway (first embodiment) of the present invention (part 1).

FIG. 6 is a view for explaining the operation of the fishway (first embodiment) of the present invention (part 2).

FIG. 7 is a view for explaining the operation of the fishway (first embodiment) of the present invention (part 3).

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a fishway (second embodiment) according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of the operation of the fishway according to the second embodiment (part 1).

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the fishway according to the second embodiment (part 2).

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of a fishway (third embodiment) according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the lower chamber of the third embodiment.

FIG. 13 is an operation explanatory view of the third embodiment (part 1).

FIG. 14 is a view for explaining the operation of the third embodiment (part 2);

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a fish feeding device for descending rivers according to the present invention.

FIG. 16 is an explanatory view of the operation of the fish feeding device for descending river according to the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of an integrated fishway system according to the present invention.

FIG. 18 is an explanatory view of the operation of the integrated fishway system according to the present invention (part 1).

FIG. 19 is a view for explaining the operation of the integrated fishway system according to the present invention (part 2).

FIG. 20 is a sectional view of a conventional dam.

FIG. 21 is a sectional view of a conventional fishway.

[Explanation of symbols]

10, 10B, 10C: fishway, 11: embankment, 12: low waterway, 13: dam lake, 15, 15C: low chamber, 16
... Low chamber inlet, 17, 17C ... Low gate, 1
8, 18B: vertical pipe, 21, 21B: horizontal pipe, 22: high gate, 25: injection pipe, 26: injection valve, 27: drain pipe, 2
8 ... drain valve, 29 ... air blowing pipe, 31 ... air valve, 3
2, 32B, 32C: fishway control unit, 41: acoustic oscillator, 42: light emitting lamp, 50: compressed air generator, 53
... shaft, 54 ... water turbine blade, 56 ... compressor blade, 60 ... second
Water injection device, 61: water pump, 65: inner chamber, 6
6 ... through-hole, 67 ... 2nd air blowing pipe, 68 ... 2nd air valve, 80 ... fish feeder for descending river, 81 ... vessel, 82 ... opening of vessel, 83 ... shutter, 84 ... net fence, 8
5 ... guide fence, 86 ... float, 87 ... anchor,
Reference numeral 91: air supply pipe, 92: fish feed pipe, 93: control unit of a fish feeder for descending river, 100: comprehensive fish feed system, 101: upper pond, 102: middle pond, 103: inclined waterway, 104: upper row Pond drain pipe, 105 ... Middle pond drain pipe, 111 ...
First drain valve, 112... Second drain valve.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Kenji Someya 4752, Nago, Nago City, Okinawa Prefecture Okinawa Development Agency Okinawa General Secretariat Northern Dam Office (72) Inventor Tadahiko Sakamoto 2-4-5 Azabudai, Minato-ku, Tokyo Mesonic 39 Mori Building 7F Inside the Dam Technology Center

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A fishway connecting a low waterway on the downstream side of an embankment body and a dam lake on the upstream side, the fishway comprising a lower chamber semi-sinked or submerged in the lower waterway, and a lower chamber connected to the lower waterway. A lower gate for shutting off the communicating inlet, a vertical pipe rising from the lower chamber, a horizontal pipe connecting the upper part of the vertical pipe below the surface of the dam lake, a high gate closing an outlet of the horizontal pipe, An injection pipe and an injection valve for supplying lake water to the chamber, a drain pipe and an exhaust valve for discharging water from the lower chamber to the lower waterway,
An air blowing pipe and an air valve for blowing air to guide the fish to the lower chamber, and a lower gate to open the fish in the lower waterway into the lower chamber, and after a certain period of time, closing and opening a water injection valve to lower the lower level. A fishway for dams, comprising: a controller for injecting lake water into the chambers, vertical pipes and horizontal pipes, and then performing a series of operations for opening a high gate and sending fish to the dam lake. 2. A fishway connecting a lower waterway on the downstream side of the embankment body and a dam lake on the upstream side, wherein the fishway includes a lower chamber semi-sinked or submerged in the lower waterway, and the lower chamber connected to the lower waterway. A lower gate for shutting off the communicating inlet, a vertical pipe rising from the lower chamber, a horizontal pipe opening the upper end of the vertical pipe above the water surface of the dam lake, and a lake near the upper end of the vertical pipe. A second water injection device for injecting water, a water supply pipe and a water supply valve for supplying lake water to the lower chamber, a drain pipe and a water valve for discharging water from the lower chamber to a lower waterway, and for guiding fish to the lower chamber. Open the air inlet pipe and air valve, and the lower gate to draw the fish in the lower waterway into the lower chamber, close it after a certain period of time, open the water injection valve and inject the lake water into the lower chamber and the vertical pipe. Next, a lake is placed near the upper end of the vertical pipe with the second water injection device. A fishway for dams, comprising: a control unit for executing a series of operations for sending fish to a dam lake by injecting water. 3. A fishway connecting a lower waterway on the downstream side of the embankment body and a dam lake on the upstream side, the fishway comprising a lower chamber semi-sinked or submerged in the lower waterway, and the lower chamber being connected to the lower waterway. A lower gate for shutting off the communicating inlet, a vertical pipe rising from the lower chamber, a horizontal pipe opening the upper end of the vertical pipe above the water surface of the dam lake, and a sealed structure built in the lower chamber. An inner chamber, a through hole formed in a lower portion of the inner chamber for communicating the inside and the outside of the inner chamber, a second air blowing pipe and a second air valve for blowing air into an upper space of the inner chamber; A vent pipe and a vent valve for discharging air accumulated in the upper space of the lower chamber, a drain pipe and a drain valve for discharging water in the lower chamber to the lower channel, and an air blower for blowing air to guide fish to the lower chamber. Control The lower gate is opened to draw the fish in the lower waterway into the lower chamber, and the lower gate is closed after a certain period of time. The second air valve is opened to push out the water in the inner chamber, so that the water in the lower chamber is drained vertically. And a control unit for executing a series of operations for discharging fish to the dam lake through the horizontal pipe and discharging the fish to the dam lake. 4. Compressed air used in dam fishway, such as compressed air used to open and close gates and valves and air blown into a lower chamber, rotates water turbine blades with water discharged from the dam.
3. A compressor according to claim 1, wherein said compressor blades generate said compressed air.
Or the fishway for a dam according to claim 3. 5. The fishway for a dam according to claim 1, wherein an acoustic oscillator or a light emitting lamp for guiding fish is arranged in the lower chamber. 6. A vessel which is a closed container, an opening provided in the ceiling of the vessel and a shutter for closing the opening, a net fence and a guide fence which are set up on the ceiling of the vessel for collecting fish, and these fences are provided on a lake surface. Semi-sinking
Float and anchor that keeps the level as if submerging the vessel, an air pipe that blows compressed air into the upper part of the vessel, water and fish from the lower part of the vessel, a fish pipe that sends out to a high place, and the shutter is opened, A control unit that closes after a lapse of a predetermined time and performs a series of operations of blowing compressed air into an upper part of the vessel to send out water and fish in the vessel to a higher place through a fish pipe, and a control unit that performs a series of operations. 7. The fish feeding device for descending river according to claim 6, wherein an acoustic oscillator or a light emitting lamp for guiding fish is arranged in the vessel. 8. An upper pond having a water level higher than the surface of the dam lake, a middle pond having a water level lower than the surface of the dam lake, and an upper pond provided in the vicinity of the embankment itself or the embankment separating the dam lake and the low waterway. An inclined waterway connecting a pond and a middle pond, a fish feeding device for descending river according to claim 6, which sends fish and water to the upper pond, and a bottom of the upper pond connected to a dam lake, and water and fish in the upper pond. Drain pipe to drop all the water to the dam lake, a lower chamber semi-sunk or submerged in the lower channel, a lower gate to shut off an entrance communicating with the lower chamber to the lower channel, and a low-level chamber, which was set up from the lower chamber. A vertical pipe, a horizontal pipe having an upper end of the vertical pipe opened above the water surface of the middle pond, a water injection pipe and a water injection valve for supplying lake water to the lower chamber, and discharging water from the lower chamber to the lower waterway. A drain pipe and a drain valve for guiding fish to the lower chamber; An integrated fishway system comprising an air blowing pipe and an air valve for blowing air to the inside, and a middle pond drain pipe for dropping water and fish from the middle pond to a low waterway.