JP2001019975A - Device for monitoring and detecting movement of slug in gasified furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device and method for monitoring the movement of a slug in a gasified furnace capable of stably operating the gasified furnace by most suitably monitoring the slug by finding a rule of thumb through finding out what is the most effective parameter, what indirectly reflects the burning condition most effectively and what refinement of parameters is effective. SOLUTION: This apparatus for monitoring and detecting movement of slug in a gasified furnace detects physical data on a water surface 6 on which the slug is dropping, while the apparatus detects physical data around a slug hole 4. The physical data on the water surface can be valuable than those around the slug hole 4. Further, the apparatus judges stability of a slug flow based on the physical data on the water surface and the physical data around the slug hole. Both data are different in kind and the data of different kind for the two systems statistically bring the diagnosis of the movement of the slug flow to remarkably accurate one. As the physical data on the water surface, variance in brightness is specifically valuable.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for monitoring and detecting slag dynamics in a gasifier, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for monitoring the same.
The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for monitoring and detecting slag dynamics in a gasifier for monitoring the fluidity of the slag of a coal gasifier by using a camera to diagnose the flow state of the slag.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Coal is effective as an energy source. BACKGROUND ART A coal gasifier for efficiently converting coal into gas and burning it to convert it into electrical energy requires monitoring of its combustion dynamics. Monitoring its combustion dynamics
It is indirectly monitored by monitoring changes in slag dynamics.
The slag, which is slag, falls from the lower opening of the combustion furnace and is discharged. It is not preferable that the slag is solidified in the slag hole, and the discharge of the slag and the supply of coal need to be consistent. Slag monitoring can replace combustion kinetic monitoring, which is difficult to monitor directly. The dynamics of the slag
Temperature change corresponding to the luminance change at the center of the slag, dropping amount of slag, dropping frequency, volume of slag drop, area of opening of slag tap, absolute value of occupied area of solidified slag and molten slag and their ratio, It can be described by many parameters such as the area of the slag flow portion, the brightness distribution and its shape, the slag flow rate, and the slag flow rate.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-56079 discloses a technique for controlling gasification conditions by measuring and calculating the amount and frequency of dropping of slag and the volume of slag droplets by imaging and performing image processing with a camera. ing. Radiation thermometer, 2
Using a wavelength thermometer, the slag dripping condition is monitored by determining the area of the opening of the slag tap, the absolute value of the occupied area of the solidified slag and the occupied area of the molten slag, and the amount of coal supplied, gasification A technique for controlling the supply amount of the agent is known from JP-A-6-78543. A technique for controlling the oxidant supply amount by monitoring the area of the opening of the slag tap using a fiber camera is disclosed in
No. 8114. Japanese Patent No. 2547190 discloses a technology for evaluating the slag dripping state by performing a stochastic integration process by monitoring the area, luminance distribution, and shape of a slag flow portion using a neural network. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-192507 discloses a technique for performing stable discharge of molten slag by monitoring a slag temperature, a slag flow rate, and a slag flow rate.

[0004] The various known monitoring methods proposed in this way are by monitoring one or more specified parameters. The slag dynamics appearing as a result of complex phenomena occurring in a combustion furnace are difficult to grasp with a limited number of parameters. Simply increasing the number of parameter types may make it difficult to grasp the facts, and may increase the possibility of leading to erroneous decisions.

[0005] For stable operation of a gasifier, it is necessary to experience what parameters are effective, which parameters indirectly most effectively reflect the combustion situation, and which parameter refinement is effective. It is desirable to find it regularly. Furthermore, in order to more effectively control slag dynamics,
It is desired to dynamically detect slag dynamics in real time.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to empirically determine what parameters are effective, indirectly most effectively reflect the combustion situation, and which parameter refinement is effective. It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for monitoring slag dynamics of a gasification furnace and a method for monitoring the slag dynamics, in which the slag can be optimally monitored and a stable operation of the gasification furnace can be performed. Another object of the present invention is to provide a slag dynamics detection device for a gasifier that can dynamically detect slag dynamics in real time in order to more effectively control slag dynamics. .

[0007]

Means for solving the problem are described as follows. The technical matters corresponding to the claims in the expression are appended with numbers, symbols, etc. in parentheses (). The number, the symbol, etc. are at least one of the technical items corresponding to the claims and the plurality / forms of implementation.
Although the agreement and correspondence with the technical matters of the two forms are clarified, it is not intended to show that the technical matters corresponding to the claims are limited to the technical matters of the embodiment.

The method for monitoring the slag dynamics of a gasifier according to the invention comprises the steps of obtaining physical data on the water surface (6) on which the slag falls. The physical data on the water surface may be more valuable data than the physical data around the slag hole (4). For example, the brightness of a slag hole is likely to be saturated, but the slag on the water surface is cooled during dropping and flowing down, and is further rapidly cooled on the water surface, and a temperature change corresponding to the brightness can be effective physical data.

The method further comprises the step of obtaining physical data around the slag hole, and the step of judging the stability of the flow of the slag based on the physical data on the water surface and the physical data around the slag hole. And preferably The physical data on the water surface and the physical data around the slag hall are different physical data, and both data are coordinated, so that compared to the data of only one,
It can be much richer data. In particular, simultaneous diagnosis is extremely effective for empirically obtaining a diagnosis.

The physical data on the water surface is preferably luminance data on the water surface. Luminance data on the water surface is unlikely to be saturated, and its accuracy is high. Therefore, the luminance fluctuation amount obtained from the luminance data reflects the fact well. It is more effective to add the presence or absence of slag to the physical data on the water surface. More preferably, the physical data around the slag hole is the number of flowing slags as the foreign physical data.

The apparatus for monitoring the slag dynamics of a gasifier according to the present invention comprises a first camera (7) for monitoring the periphery of the slag hole and a water surface (6) on which the slag falls. And a second camera (8). Images of different physical data can be obtained by both cameras. It is preferable to add a thermometer for monitoring the temperature in the central area of the slag hole. Further, it has a diagnostic logic (37) for judging the slag fluidity based on the image data obtained by the first camera (7) and the image data obtained by the second camera (8). From the data obtained by the second camera (8), the luminance fluctuation (2
9A).

An apparatus for detecting slag dynamics in a gasifier according to the present invention includes a CCD camera for detecting a dynamic flow of slag two-dimensionally and a numerical value for slag luminance in pixel units of the CCD camera. It consists of a computer and a computer for calculating the number of slags by calculating the spatial differentiation of the quantified brightness, and the brightness (light amount or light energy) of each pixel detected by the CCD camera is stored in a database. Is done. By processing the data from the database, various characteristics of the slag dynamics can be calculated and detected in substantially real time.

It is particularly preferred that the CCD camera captures slag on the water surface. Slag dynamics, which is the flow of slag,
Above the water surface is the end of the slag flow. The end of the slug flow ultimately provides valuable data. The presence of a defined number of slag streams on the water surface indicates that this information alone indicates that the slag stream is stable. The data of the slag hole is taken into consideration as reinforcing data on the water surface.

Another CCD camera is provided for such a reference. Other cameras take pictures of the slag hall. A computer for digitizing the other luminance of the slag in pixel units of another CCD camera, and a computer for calculating the number of slag in the slag hole by calculating the spatial derivative of the other digitized luminance Are additionally provided. Further, a calculator is provided for calculating the temporal luminance fluctuation of the water surface. Two such CCs
Detection of slag dynamics from two databases by D builds data to actively control slag flow beyond monitoring.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Corresponding to the drawings, an embodiment of an apparatus for monitoring the slag dynamics of a gasifier according to the present invention includes a coal gasifier and a slag discharge tower. The slag discharge tower 1 is provided below the coal gasifier 2 as shown in FIG. The slag discharge tower 1 and the coal gasifier 2 are vertically partitioned by a conical floor 3. The slag generated after coal is gasified and burned in the coal gasifier 2 is deposited on the bed 3 in a fluid manner. The floor 3 has a slag hole 4 at the center thereof.

The slag hole 4 is provided with a cylindrical partition wall or weir (not shown) at the edge thereof, and an outflow guide groove (not shown) for the flow slag is formed at a position facing each other at 180 ° intervals. Have been. The cross-sectional area of the outflow guide groove is designed to have a constant cross-sectional area so that two molten slags flow down from the outflow guide groove constantly under stable operation conditions. A water pool 5 is provided below the slag discharge tower 1, and a water surface 6 having a constant height is set.

A first TV camera 7 and a second TV camera 8 are provided outside the wall of the slag discharge tower 1. First
The lens portion of the TV camera 7 passes through a slag hole 4 through a glass window (not shown) provided in the slag discharge tower 1.
Suitable for The optical axis of the lens part is substantially directed to the center point of the slag hole 4. The first TV camera 7
The slag hole 4 and the surrounding area of the slag hole 4 can be seen in the field of view.

The lens portion of the second TV camera 8 faces the water surface 6 through a glass window (not shown) provided in the slag discharge tower 1. The optical axis of the lens portion is oblique to the water surface 6. The first TV camera 7 can capture almost the entire area of the water surface in the field of view.

A spectrometer 9 is arranged outside a glass window provided on the wall of the slag discharge tower 1 so as to have the same optical axis as the first TV camera 7 and the same field of view as the first TV camera 7. . The spectrometer 9 can measure the temperature of an image point captured by the first TV camera 7.

The temperature of the slag on the water surface is determined by the slag hole 4
The average value is lower than the slag in the peripheral region of, and the detected value of the luminance rarely saturates. Therefore, there is almost no need to attach a spectrometer to the second TV camera 8. First TV camera 7
Is converted to an address by the image processing board 11. The temperature of the slag tap around the slag hole 4 is the highest. There is little correlation between the temperature of the slag tap and the intensity of the image. The temperature of the slag tap is measured by a two-color temperature method using the spectrometer 9. Spectrometer 9
Is obtained by the dedicated IF board 12. The image on the water surface 6 obtained by the second TV camera 8 is addressed by the image processing board 13.

Image processing board 11, dedicated IF board 1
2. Data obtained by the image processing board 13 is shown in FIG.
Is input to the slag flow monitoring / diagnosis device 14 as shown in FIG. The first luminance distribution 15 and the second luminance distribution 16 of the observation area including the slag hole and the water surface area are converted into digital data by the CCD cameras as the first TV camera 7 and the second TV camera 8. Temperature distribution of slag tap 17
Is further converted into data.

From the first luminance distribution 15, the second luminance distribution 16, and the temperature distribution 17, the monitoring items 19 shown in FIG. 2 (connected to FIG. 1 by a dashed line) are known or clarified. Important monitoring items 19 are slag hall status 21,
The slag number 22, the slag width 23, and the slag falling state 24 are shown. Evaluation parameter 25 obtained from monitoring item 19
Are the high-luminance area 26, average luminance value 27, slag opening area 28, luminance variation 29, slag tap temperature 3
1. Number of slags obtained from monitoring item 19 as it is 2
2. Slag width 23.

FIG. 3 (FIG. 23, which is an attached photograph) shows the first luminance distribution 15 in a rectangular area that is long in the height direction.
FIG. 3 is an image projected on the imaging surface of the first TV camera 7 as an axis projection diagram. The rectangular area is composed of a first effective area 32 longer in the vertical direction (combination of the upper and lower rows in FIG. 23) and a second effective area 33 shorter in the vertical direction (FIG. 23).
Upper)). The first effective area 32 is
The second effective area 33 is included. Second effective area 33
Indicates the luminance of a region having a particularly high luminance inside the slag hole 4 (center region). Second effective area 33
The central region 34 is measured for its temperature.

The differential calculation of the luminance of the linear region indicated by the dotted line 22 in FIG.
2. The width 23 is required. In the stable state, as described above, the number of slags is designed to be, for example, two. As shown in FIG. 4A, the high-luminance portion area 26 is obtained by differentiating the image of the first effective area (1) 32 to calculate a high-luminance region. The magnitude of the luminance obtained by the differentiation generally corresponds to the level of the temperature.

As shown in FIG. 4A, the opening area 28 is obtained by calculating the pixel area of the second effective area 33 which is equal to or larger than a specified value (voltage value corresponding to the amount of light received by the CCD). Can be As described above, the slag tap section temperature 31 is calculated by the two-color temperature method by spectroscopic analysis.
FIG. 5 (lower part of FIG. 24) shows a water surface monitoring situation.
An effective area 35 is set on the water surface. From the second luminance distribution 16, as shown in FIG. 4B, two on-water luminance fluctuation amounts 29A and a slag recognition 36 are calculated. The slag recognition 36 includes the presence or absence of slag obtained by image differentiation on the dotted line. The amount of fluctuation in brightness 29A above the water surface is
It is calculated as the absolute sum of the time difference of the luminance of the pixels in the effective area 35.

The slag hole side evaluation parameters 22, 23, 26, 28, 31 and the water surface side evaluation parameters 29A, 36 shown in FIG. 4 (A) are transmitted to the diagnostic logic 37 as shown in FIG. 4 (C). Is entered. Diagnostic logic 37
As shown in FIG.
The output unit 38 ignites or stops a slag melting burner (not shown), and further outputs an alarm.

The evaluation method is executed based on the deviation between the reference data 39 and the current value 41, as shown in FIG. The reference data 39 and the current value 41 are
Is input to The diagnosis result is, as shown in FIG. 2, a growth 42 of the slag and a blockage of the slag hole 4 by the slag. The slag growth 42 and the slag blockage 43 generate an alarm and request the ignition of the slag melting burner.

Other diagnostic results are slag flow stability 44, slag flow instability 45, and no slag flow 46. Slag flow stability 44, slag flow instability 45, and no slag flow 46 request an alarm. An important parameter in the logic for issuing such an alarm and determining the ignition of the slag melting burner is a correlation between the brightness fluctuation (amount) on the water surface which is the water surface side evaluation parameter 29A and the high brightness area 26 on the slag hole side. Relationship. The determination based on the combination of the increase / decrease of the high brightness portion area 26 on the slag hole side and the parameter of the on-water brightness variation 29A is a determination to simultaneously grasp the combustion state from different physical phenomena. This judgment is highly accurate.

FIG. 6 shows the correlation between different parameters, which are basic data determined by the diagnostic logic 37.
The current value area S in the high brightness area 26 of the slag hole
Is smaller than the minimum reference value SL, or if the current value T, which is the slag tap temperature 31, is lower than the minimum reference value TL, and if the number of slags N for slag recognition is zero, "slag flow" None ". Even when the luminance fluctuation amount V of the water surface side parameter is zero, it is determined that there is no slag flow. Monitoring on the water surface is effective in determining that there is no slag flow.

The current value area S, which is the high brightness area 26 of the slag hole, is smaller than the highest reference value SH and higher than the lowest reference value SL, and the current value T, which is the slag tap temperature 31, is higher than the highest reference value TH. Is lower than the lowest reference value TL, and the number N is 2 in the slag recognition 36, and the luminance variation amount V is lower than the highest reference value VH and higher than the lowest reference value VL, It is determined as "slag flow stability".

The current value area S, which is the high brightness area 26 of the slag hole, is smaller than the maximum reference value SH and larger than the maximum reference value SL, and the current value T, which is the slag tap temperature 31, is the maximum reference value. Minimum reference value TL lower than TH
If the slag number is higher than 2 and the slag recognition 36
If the number N, which is 2, is not 2, it is determined that "slag flow is unstable".

AND and OR in such logic
Or their combination depends on the size of the furnace, the type of coal used,
Changed by various other factors. Such changes are made individually by the demonstration reactor. The grasp of the water surface condition is certainly the introduction of an important parameter in terms of improving the accuracy of the determination by adding simultaneous data of different physical phenomena.

FIGS. 7 (A) and 7 (B) show perspective views at the moment of slag dynamics when the flow is stable. Figure (A)
(Corresponding to each upper row in FIG. 25) shows the dynamics of the slag hole and the surrounding slag, and FIG. 23 (B) (corresponding to each lower row in FIG. 25) shows the dynamics of the slag on the water surface. Figure (A)
Indicates a state in which the slag seen through the slag hole is evenly distributed around the slag hole, that is, a state in which the slag is circularly distributed, indicating that the flow is stable. The circle looks oblong because it is viewed obliquely.
FIG. 2 (B) shows the case where the molten slag flows down continuously.
The streaks of the book are visible (clear). By differentiating this image, the two lines appear to stand out more clearly.

FIGS. 8A and 8B show perspective views at the moment of the movement of the slag when the flow is unstable. Figure (A)
FIG. 26B (corresponding to each upper row in FIG. 26) shows the dynamics of the slag hole and the surrounding slag, and FIG. 26B (corresponding to each lower row in FIG. 26) shows the dynamics of the slag on the water surface. Figure (A)
Indicates that the slag seen through the slag hole is not evenly distributed around the slag hole, that is, is distributed in a non-circular (elliptic) system, indicating that the flow is not stable. In FIG. 7B, two lines when the molten slag flows down continuously are not shown. Even if image processing is performed from now on, no streaks will appear. By making the monitoring of the slag hole and the monitoring of the water surface compatible, the determination of stability, instability, or an intermediate state between them can be made more reliable.

FIGS. 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, and 9D.
(E) and (F) show the correlation of variation of heterogeneous physical parameters for the demonstration reactor. FIG. 9 (A),
(B), (C), (D) and (E) show slag hole observation data, respectively, and FIG. 9 (F) shows water surface observation data. The slag hole observation data includes, in order, the high brightness area, the average brightness value, the number of slags, the slag width, and the temperature value. The water surface observation data is the luminance fluctuation amount. FIG.
In each case, the horizontal axis is time, which captures changes in data during about 3 hours.

At time t5, the five data of the high luminance area, the average luminance value, the number of slags, the slag width, and the luminance variation clearly correspond to each other, clearly indicating that the slag amount is increasing. At time t4, although the correspondence is temporarily seen in the five data of the high-brightness area, the average luminance value, the number of slags, the slag width, and the luminance variation, it is not as clear as the correspondence at time t5. The accuracy of the correspondence between the slag width (slag hole side data) and the luminance variation (water surface side data) is high.

At time t3, the correspondence between the area of the high luminance portion, the average luminance value, the number of slags, and the slag width is unclear. Minutes, which indicates that the luminance fluctuation amount is instantaneous. If the luminance fluctuation amount instantaneously increases at time t1 and time t2, it indicates that a period in which the slag amount increases thereafter continues. If the amount of change in the brightness reaches a certain level or more, the time for the amount of slag to increase is long (3.
(About 0 minutes). This phenomenon indicates that the luminance variation is important data for judging the dynamic change of the slag flow. The increase in the amount of change in luminance appearing at time t6 (FIG. 9F) does not correspond to the increase in the amount of slag. At this time, an increase in the amount of change in luminance corresponds to a decrease in the amount of slag. At this time, the slag hole number and the slag width, which are slag hole side data, are important for diagnosis. Correspondence / reverse correspondence between slag hole side data and water surface side data
This indicates that the data was heterogeneous physical data. Such extraneous data is a critical parameter for a correct diagnosis.

It is further desirable to actively control the dynamics. For the control, dynamic detection of dynamics is performed. The database is created as follows: The database includes CCs that are the first TV camera 7 and the second TV camera 8.
It is created as two-dimensional image data captured by the D camera. FIG. 10 shows a CCD on which XY coordinates are set.
3 shows a pixel aggregation surface of a camera. An axis (Z direction) virtually set indicates a luminance level. The scales of the X axis and the Y axis are 1 to 256, respectively. The luminance has a scale of 0 to 255 on the Z axis. The voltage of the luminance level is 0 to 255 by 8-bit A / D conversion.
Is converted to a numeric value.

The coordinates of each pixel are represented by (X, Y).
The brightness (light quantity) of an arbitrary pixel is represented by B (X, Y). On one straight line in the X direction (the value of Y is fixed), the derivative of luminance D (X,
Y) is defined as follows. D (1, Y) = B (1, Y) -B (6, Y) D (2, Y) = B (2, Y) -B (7, Y) D (250, Y) = B (251 , Y) -B (256,
Y)

On one straight line where Y is fixed, B (X, Y)
Is illustrated as shown in FIG.
In this case, D (X, Y) is shown in FIG.
D (X, Y) is obtained by dividing all the Ys into a region larger than the value of D and a region smaller than the value at a certain value of D.
The result is as shown in FIG. An area larger than the certain value is called a high-luminance area and is formed from a slag hole luminance area and other low-luminance areas.

FIG. 7B shows the luminance level at that time with Y fixed at a certain appropriate value. The derivative is
This is shown in FIG. A threshold is set, and an X coordinate is selected as a representative from a region where the differential value is larger than the threshold. Such an X coordinate would normally appear as a pair of two. Normally, slag is 2
Since it is a book, there must be four X coordinates selected as described above. The interval between the set of X coordinates selected in this way is the width W1, W2 of one slug. The flow width is
It is defined by (W1 + W2).

FIG. 13 shows a method of calculating the area of the high luminance area. The total area S of the high brightness area is defined as follows. S = Σ (Wi). Here, Wi is the total number of pixels belonging to the high luminance area on each X axis. The total area is 1 to 25 for Wi for i.
Add up to 6. When the Y coordinate is 50, the slug width is expressed by the following equation, as shown in FIG.
W50 = (W1 + W2). The width of the slag hole is 1 for Y
Where it is 30, it is represented by W130.

The luminance variation is defined as the absolute sum of the time differences as follows. If the luminance of each pixel at a certain time T is represented by B (X, Y) and the luminance of each pixel at a time (T + ΔT) is represented by A (X, Y), the luminance fluctuation amount V (T) can be calculated for the entire screen or The effective area is defined as a time derivative represented by the following equation. V (T) = {| A (X, Y) -B (X, Y) | Here, ΣΣ indicates that X and Y are added from 1 to 256. The values of A and B are
It is an integer value from 0 (or 1) to 255 (or 256).

Based on the thus defined luminance level (gradation display), high luminance part area, and luminance fluctuation amount, a diagnostic logic is formed in more detail. FIG. 15 shows a region of interest RO.
I (region of interest) is defined. The first region of interest ROI (1) is a vertically elongated rectangular region in which the periphery of the slag hole is the upper part and the water surface side is the lower end. The second region of interest ROI (2) is set to be as long as possible so as to include a region around the slag hole and not to include a region that does not belong to the slag hole (a circular slag hole is projected on a CCD in an elliptical shape by projection of a projection axis). ) Rectangular area.

FIG. 16 shows another embodiment of the monitoring event. The monitoring areas are the slag hole and the water surface, but as a furnace event, there is a possibility that the slag 61 will naturally accumulate in the middle of the slag hole and the water surface, and eventually the middle wall will be closed. FIG. 17 shows monitoring positions and evaluation parameters. The evaluation parameters of the slag hole are the high-luminance area, the number of slag (1), the slag width, the slag tap temperature, and the opening area. The water surface evaluation parameters are:
The number of slags and the amount of fluctuation in luminance. As shown in FIG. 18, for each evaluation parameter, an upper limit Hi and a lower limit Lo that define a range within a specified value are set.

FIG. 19 shows burner ignition conditions for melting slag. The slag which solidifies when the temperature in the furnace decreases is melted by the burner. When the luminance level of the second region of interest ROI (2) becomes smaller than a certain number of pixels having a value higher than the set value B1, the slag melting burner is ignited. A value in which the number of pixels in which the luminance level of the second region of interest ROI (2) is higher than the set value B1 is smaller than a certain number, and the luminance level of the first region of interest ROI (1) is higher than the set value B2 If the number of pixels is larger than a certain number, it is determined that the window is stained, and a window stain occurrence alarm is issued. If the luminance level of the first region of interest ROI (1) is smaller than a certain number of pixels having a value higher than the set value B2, it is determined that the slag hole is closed, and a slag hole closing alarm is issued.

FIG. 20 shows another embodiment of the determination logic based on the double-sided monitoring of the water surface monitoring (water) and the slag hole portion monitoring (S). In the first logic, the number of slags (2) and the amount of variation in luminance are adopted as evaluation parameters for water surface monitoring (water), and the number of slags (1) is adopted as evaluation parameters for slag hall monitoring (water). Have been. In the second logic, the number of slags (2) is adopted as an evaluation parameter for water surface monitoring (water), and the first region of interest ROI is used as an evaluation parameter for slag hole portion monitoring (water).
The (1) high luminance area, the temperature of the slag tap portion, the number of slags (1), and the slag width are adopted.

In the first logic, the number of slags (1) is zero for the slag hole portion, and the number of slags (2) is zero for the water surface portion, and the luminance variation is zero or extremely small. If the value is smaller than the value, it is determined that there is no slag flow. If the number of slags (1) is not zero and the number of slags (2) is zero and the luminance variation is less than zero or a very small value, slag is deposited on the intermediate wall and the intermediate wall becomes It is determined that it is blocked.

In the second logic, regarding the slag hole, the high brightness area of the first region of interest ROI (1) is within the specified value, the temperature of the slag tap is within the specified value, and the number of slags (1) is small. When the number of slags is two, the slag width is within the specified value, and the number of slags (2) is two with respect to the water surface portion, it is determined that the flow is stable, and such a condition is not satisfied. In this case, the flow is determined to be unstable.

FIG. 21 shows an evaluation logic by monitoring only the slag hole. If the number of slugs (1) is zero, it is determined that there is no flow by itself. The number of slugs (1) is 2 and the first region of interest ROI
If the high brightness area of (1) is within the specified value, the temperature of the slag tap section is within the specified value, and the slag width is within the specified value, it is determined that the flow is stable, and one of these conditions is satisfied. If one is missing, it is judged that the flow is unstable.

FIG. 22 shows an evaluation logic by monitoring only the water surface. If the number of slugs (2) is zero and the amount of luminance variation is zero or a number close to zero, it can be determined that there is no flow by this alone. Number of slag (2)
If there are two, it is generally correct to judge that the flow is stable. Conversely, if the number of slags (2) is not two, it is generally correct to judge that the flow is not stable by this alone. The number of slags in the slag hole is a reference parameter for determination based on the number of slags in the water surface, and taking into account the slag width in the slag hole makes the determination based on the parameters in the water surface more accurate.

Description of Attached Photo: FIG. 23 shows an actual photograph of the CCD camera actually photographed corresponding to FIG. The photograph in FIG. 23 is for illustrating various combinations of the upper and lower rows, and is not for illustrating the correspondence between the times displayed in the upper and lower rows. FIG.
FIG. 24 corresponding to No. 5 does not indicate that the display time indicates the correspondence at that time. FIG. 25 corresponding to FIGS. 7A and 7B does not show that the display time indicates the correspondence at that time. FIGS. 26A and 26B corresponding to FIGS. 8A and 8B are not intended to indicate the corresponding display time.

[0053]

According to the monitoring apparatus and method for monitoring the slag dynamics of a gasifier according to the present invention, the diagnosis is temporally accurate because the dynamic change of the water surface is sharp. The water surface side data becomes reliable data by matching with the slag hole side data.

The apparatus for detecting the slag dynamics of a gasifier according to the present invention makes use of the technical characteristics of the CCD camera to make a database of the instants of the slag dynamics and obtains various temporal and spatial fluctuations by calculation. be able to. By accurately grasping the dynamics, it is possible to actively control the slag flow beyond simple monitoring and to dynamically control the furnace.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram showing an embodiment of an apparatus for monitoring slag dynamics of a gasifier according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram connected by a dashed line in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an image of a photograph showing dynamics of slag around a slag hole.

FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D are logic circuit diagrams showing logic for diagnosis.

FIG. 5 is an image of a photograph showing the movement of slag on the water surface.

FIG. 6 is a table showing items diagnosed by a diagnosis logic;

FIGS. 7A and 7B are camera images respectively showing dynamics of a slag hole and a water surface when the flow is stable.

FIGS. 8A and 8B are camera images respectively showing dynamics of a slag hole and a water surface when the flow is unstable.

9 (A), (B), (C), (D),
(E), (F) is a graph which shows the correspondence of the fluctuation of a plurality of parameters of two systems, respectively.

FIG. 10 is a projection view of an axis showing a coordinate system setting.

FIGS. 11A and 11B are graphs respectively showing processing of image data.

FIGS. 12A, 12B, and 12C are graphs respectively showing other processes of the image data.

FIG. 13 is a graph showing still another process of the image data.

FIG. 14 is a graph showing still another process of the image data.

FIG. 15 is an axial projection view showing a detection area.

FIG. 16 is a front sectional view showing a detection area.

FIG. 17 is a table showing the correspondence between monitoring / detection positions and evaluation parameters;

FIG. 18 is a graph showing a detection result.

FIG. 19 is a logic chart showing a detection logic.

FIG. 20 is a logic chart showing still another detection logic;

FIG. 21 is a logic chart showing still another detection logic.

FIG. 22 is a logic chart showing still another detection logic;

FIG. 23 is a digital data photograph replacing FIG. 3;

FIG. 24 is a digitalized photograph replacing FIG. 5;

FIG. 25 is a digital data photograph replacing FIG. 7;

FIG. 26 is a photograph converted into digital data in place of FIG. 8;

[Explanation of symbols]

 4 ... Slag hall 6 ... Water surface 7 ... First camera 8 ... Second camera 29A ... Brightness fluctuation (amount) on water surface 37 ... Diagnostic logic

Claims (15)

[Claims] 1. A method for monitoring slag dynamics in a gasifier comprising obtaining physical data of a water surface on which the slag falls. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: obtaining physical data around the slag hole; and determining the stability of the flow of the slag based on the physical data on the water surface and the physical data around the slag hole. Determining a slag dynamics of the gasifier. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the physical data on the water surface is brightness data on the water surface. 4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising calculating a luminance variation amount from said luminance data. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the physical data on the water surface further includes the presence or absence of slag. 6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the physical data around the slag hole is the number of slag flowing down. 7. A first camera for monitoring the periphery of the slag hole and a second camera for monitoring the surface of the water on which the slag falls.
A monitoring device for the slag dynamics of the gasifier, consisting of a camera. 8. A slag dynamics monitoring device for a gasification furnace according to claim 7, further comprising a thermometer for monitoring a temperature in a central region of the slag hole. 9. The diagnostic logic according to claim 7, further comprising: a diagnosis logic for judging slag fluidity based on image data obtained by said first camera and image data obtained by said second camera. An apparatus for monitoring slag dynamics in a gasifier. 10. The slag dynamics of a gasifier according to claim 9, further comprising a differential calculator for calculating a luminance variation on the water surface from data obtained by the second camera. Monitoring equipment. 11. A CCD camera for two-dimensionally detecting a dynamic flow of slag, a computer for quantifying the slag luminance in pixel units of the CCD camera, and An apparatus for detecting slag dynamics of a gasifier, comprising: a computer for calculating the number of slags by calculating a spatial derivative. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the CCD camera photographs slag on the water surface. 13. An apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising another CCD camera, wherein said other camera photographs a slag hole. 14. A computer according to claim 13, further comprising: a computer for quantifying another luminance of said slug in pixel units of said another CCD camera; and calculating a spatial derivative of said other luminous luminance. An apparatus for detecting the slag dynamics of a gasifier, comprising a computer for calculating the number of slags. 15. The apparatus for detecting the slag dynamics of a gasification furnace according to claim 12, further comprising a computer for calculating a temporal luminance variation of the water surface.