JP2000505377A - Multi screw machine - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) Abstract The present invention relates to a mixer for continuously mixing, coloring and homogenizing a viscous substance. The mixer operates in particular according to the principle of a multi-screw with a double-threaded sealing profile, whose shaft annulus operates at different conveying speeds, so that different partial quantities can be metered into the machine. The sum of the partial quantities corresponds to the number of axes, so that the overlapped longitudinal mixing can compensate for changes in the individual mixing components and / or changes in color within the processing material. The invention relates to a power take-off for such a mixer.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION                             Multi screw machine   The present invention comprises two housings arranged coaxially and fixedly. Ring with a plurality of transport mixing axes around a common axis and fixed between The mixing shafts are supported on one side with narrow play and The mixing shaft rotates in the same direction, is parallel to the axis and engages with each other, the surface is machined Scrape the treatment material from each other and remove the surface with narrow play over its entire length. Processing material is scraped from the teeth of the surrounding housing and the outer housing is filled with material. Equipped with mouth and material outlet, for example for mixing, coloring and homogenizing viscous liquids and substances In particular a multi-screw machine with a power take-off device.   The mixer is charged for charging operation, irrespective of the construction principle on which it operates. With the common drawback that the size of the charge determines the volume of the machine. I do. Because the storage container forms one unit with the mixing tool. is there. In such a charge-type mixer, the mixing process is performed simultaneously with a predetermined forced material transfer process. It is not suitable for continuous operation because it does not overlap as much.   For this reason, such mixers, especially for viscous substances, are very time-consuming to clean. It takes time. In particular, it takes time to produce the same material in different colors.   U.S. Pat. No. 1,356,296 discloses a horizontally laid mixer. It is described as a multi-axis machine with a thread screw profile. This multi-axis In the case of a machine, the processing substance is supplied only to the outer annulus, whereby The Liu shaft bends radially inward but the inner annulus rotates dry and therefore the machine Becomes unusable. Furthermore, the bearing on the outlet side of the screw shaft creates a dead space. This The dead space cannot be scraped off by the teeth of the screw shaft. This can lead to unwanted adhesion Connect.   An object of the present invention is to provide a mixer suitable for continuous processing.   In order to solve this problem, multi-screw machines of the type mentioned at the beginning Material supply with positive pressure from both housings surrounding the crown is metered from the opposing holes. In the fed form, the material discharge of each screw is on the center axis of the screw Through a hole of the same diameter provided in the The cross section of the collecting passage expands as it passes through the screw, and at the maximum cross section Are further guided radially outward from the center axis in the axial or radial direction, The material supply to the inner housing is performed inside this collecting passage. .   The mixing tool is not integrated into the storage container, the size of the charge only depends on the storage method Is done. The mixed substance is supplied to another container after leaving the mixer to obtain a predetermined mixed substance. Until they are recycled. Processed material is similarly placed on the inner annular part of the screw shaft. Quality is supplied, forcibly changed in case of multi-thread screw profile A possible longitudinal mixing action takes place. This longitudinal mixing action has hitherto been Was not possible, but is essential in such a mixer. The mixing machine Self-cleaning based on forced circulation and therefore particularly suitable for continuous processing You. This is because the mixing process between the outer annular portion and the inner annular portion requires a predetermined material transport process. Because they overlap. Its transport ratio is adjustable and therefore variable.   For example, such a mixer with eight mixing shafts first has a mixing shaft With a material profile, so that the material transport process is forced in the mixer. Works as follows. This seal profile is tightly enclosed over its entire length. The surface of the mixer wetted with the mixing substance in cooperation with the side housing and the inner housing Forcibly transports   This seal profile can be manufactured with a pitch of 1 thread, 2 threads or multiple threads Without compromising the forced circulation of the processed material in the mixer . The fact that the seal profile of a double thread is advantageously used This will be described later in the description of the process.   The number of mixing axes is structurally determined by the processing. Because the inner house The shape of the mixing depends on whether the mixer is designed to be temperature-controllable, This makes the mixer with six mixing shafts the perfect mixing technology for all types of heating Must have at least 8 shafts, regardless of the characteristics It is.   As a result of the experiment, the outer ring-shaft was rotated by eight mixing shafts and one rotation of the ring. By two rotations of the mixing shaft, the shaft is transported in the axial direction over six threads, and the inner shaft The annulus was found to convey only two threads during one revolution. this is The multi-screw is advantageous for the radial mixing of the two material rings rotating with respect to each other. In addition, the annular portions of both materials overlap, forcing them to mix closely in the axial direction. Smoothing the quantitative concentration of the individual components in the processed material and perfecting the color of the mixed material There is the advantage of being one.   The method for charging the outer annular portion and the inner annular portion of the screw shaft according to the present invention includes a multi-thread screw. Only in the case of a screw profile that rotates in the same direction It has been found that a longitudinal mixing action not previously observed occurs. Conventional case , The housing surrounds the screw from all sides, so that forced transport Despite being achieved, longitudinal mixing was not possible. Screw pro Dual-screw screw of the same screw rotating in the same direction with different number of threads of fill Liu was formed and compared as multi-screw having different numbers of shafts.   The following table shows the flow rate, residence time, longitudinal mixing, etc. of both forced circulation methods. The relationship is shown in a rough contrast.  The different axial distances of the two annular parts may cause other longitudinal mixing effects as described above. Become. As is clear from the above table, this mixing action is performed by selecting the number of threads and the number of shafts. The mixing time can be influenced by the residence time of this mixing method. The ratio can also be changed.   The material flow into the fixed inner housing is performed as follows. Screw The material outlet is located at the center of the axis, as is common at the undriven end of a Instead, according to the invention, the axial material outlet passage of each screw shaft is annular. Open to melt passage. The cross section of the melt passage increases as the screw passes. Material, shifted radially with respect to the central axis at the maximum cross section, According to the present invention, the outflow is carried out along the longitudinal axis or radially outside, Material spills are possible. Because there is enough free space inside the annular melt passage In this free space, a material inlet into the fixed inner housing is arranged. Because it is placed.   The method according to the invention for forming a mixer at the point of material outflow from the mixer comprises mixing For the first time, it is possible to supply material for processing to the inner annulus of the shaft, and thus the mixing shaft Premise for accurate distribution of the partial stream to the pipe and forced longitudinal mixing of the components of the mixture Is obtained.   It is therefore advantageous if the mixer is provided with a double thread seal profile. What In the case of a single-thread seal profile, the axial annular coating is Insufficient as shown, whereas the seal profile with 3 threads is 2. There is twice as much annulus coverage, but The residence time is too short, Mixing machine Must be formed longer, It is uneconomical. The number of such batches is Cubic meters in size, Due to the dimensions of the mixer provided For several loads Since it must be manufactured together, In the case of different colors with the same manufacturing method, Processing Producing the previous starting material without color, Pigment into the mixer using additional metering equipment It is expedient to supply directly. in this case, Color change For other metering devices Supply new color pigment by switching, So that dark colors follow light colors It is done by doing.   When mixing substances of different viscosities together, Separate this substance in relation to each other Measured and pressed into both shaft ring parts, When processing material is supplied to the third container, Is the purpose. Since this material outlet is likewise formed by the dosing device, mixture Until the substance reaches the prescribed mixture, Can be cycled many times. But this Is Only needed in extreme cases, as demonstrated by experiments.   With the mixing device according to the invention, Performing a whole new economic mixed matter movement Can be. Because Very good and fast radial mixing Forced circulation in mixed phase Being Superimposed with adjustable longitudinal mixing, For conventional batch starting materials Avoids the time-consuming cleaning time required for The whole mixing process, Metering process and This is because the cleaning process can be programmed.   Mixers are especially When supplying solvents or cleaning agents instead of processing substances, Short Washing voluntarily in time, Since there is no need to borrow human hands, Such a washing process Fully automatable, That is, the mixer can be remotely controlled, So the blog There is an advantage that it can be rammed.   For low viscosity, As a metering device, A piston type metering device is used, On the other hand, in case of high viscosity, especially gear pump is used, Each shaft ring A specific metering is carried out.   Gear pump The two gear pairs are driven by a common shaft, The width of the teeth is the shaft ring Advantageously, it is formed in such a way that it has the same ratio as the required ratio of the individual parts of the features. Obedience What Pumps linked together are separated only by the housing wall in between And With a common entrance, On the contrary, Outlet for each shaft annulus to be charged Are provided one by one. this is, The mutual ratio of the amounts of the materials is correctly adjusted, Mixing machine Has the advantage that this ratio does not change.   For certain applications, Pressing the processed material through the wedge-shaped area of the mixing shaft By doing Can be inserted from the outer ring to the inner ring of the mixing shaft You. This, however, Requires high charging pressure, To do this, start the upper screw The separation distance of the outer inflow hole from must be increased, Its outer rim and inner Since the pressure difference between the rims will generate a radial pressure from outside on the mixing shaft , The above separation distance depends on viscosity, Therefore the mixer is designed for low viscosity Sometimes Inability to process high viscosity materials or very low viscosity This processing method can be applied only to   So that the mixer is not over-fed by positive pressure metering So overloaded In order not to An overflow hole is provided in the outer housing so as to face the inflow hole. I have. If material flows out of it, The aperture is reduced accordingly.   The invention further provides: With one fixed housing, On the axis of this housing Along, The conveying and mixing shafts, which are arranged with narrow play in the fixed Rotate in the same direction, Axially parallel and engaged with each other, The surface is processed material To each other, A housing or surface that surrounds a surface with narrow play Forcibly scraping processing material from the teeth of the housing surrounded by Sticky Sex substances, In particular, coloring thermoplastic melts and high-molecular polymers, Degassing and homogenization Related to screw machines.   Such a machine It is known as a so-called thin-layer reactor. This thin layer reaction The apparatus is charged with polymer in the molten state under pressure, Processing of materials under vacuum Longer residence time, A continuous polycondensation or melting machine for thinning the layers. You.   German Patent No. 3030541, No. 3513536 In Japanese Patent No. 3520662, Such a continuous reactor or its shaft A sealing device is described. This reactor or shaft sealing device Vacuum action Of this screw shaft, The seal against the outside at the seal point is very There is a common drawback that is achieved at high economic costs. in this case, Many of this By the seal One or the other seal leaks unexpectedly Can not be avoided. as a result, Of this very expensive machine repair for, Long downtime is required.   To avoid this drawback, German Patent No. 4001986 Described, It is the job of an embodiment of such a machine. This device is a general overview of the present invention. It does n’t belong to the kind described just in case, Unlike the views expressed there, This equipment Is driven by a new drive system. Impair the function of this thin-layer reactor described there Not knowing it is not right.   actually, The gears split the product stream in a planetary gearing that supplies the melt, This product The product flow reaches the outer annular part and the inner annular part of the screw shaft by half, For the way It turns out that important and essential thin layers are totally lost.   This disadvantage is, in the case of the embodiment according to the invention, Processing material inside housing Is supplied to the inner annular part through An annular portion on the outside of the screw, Processing part and Avoidance by vacuuming the space between the power take-off and the power take-off Is done.   In the case of this device, the processing material thereby has twice the circumference within the wedge shape. A screw shaft that moves at high speed, Depending on the processing element, Very strongly mixed. So At the time With an outer annulus and an outer housing wall surrounding it with narrow play Large surface Spread in thin layers of. in this case, This “thin layer” itself is also provided on the inner annular part One with the “thick layer” Because they are mixed, Very good for gas exchange Effective and indispensable surface renewal occurs. Furthermore, Without the melt passing through disadvantageous gears , The provision of expensive and fault-prone sealing devices on the shaft is avoided.   For applications requiring long residence times of the processed material, Has a long screw In addition to the implementation For example, between two vent holes Screw screw The lofil is reduced to the core diameter in this range, Housing surrounding this axis Can be approached to this diameter with narrow play, Processing material in this section is inside Move from the annulus to the outer annulus or vice versa, Thereby traveling twice the distance Will be.   Starting from the fact that the degassing output of the thin layer depends on the processing substance and its viscosity do it, The thickness of the thin layer can be adjusted externally depending on the ease of degassing of the processing material. It is a good idea to be able to do it. This external adjustment Conveyance capacity of inner annular part This is accomplished by supplying more processing material to the inner annulus. in addition Therefore, The outer annulus must accept the excess amount of material, Therefore, the material layer is thick It becomes.   Furthermore, Move the outer housing away from the screw shaft over the entire length of the vent hole It was found that it could be formed. Thereby, Quick color change and / or material exchange Exchange is possible.   The vacuum tightness of the intermediate space between the processing part and the power take-off Equipped with O-ring Very easily achievable with the slidable ring obtained. Screw replacement If necessary, The screw pin of the shaft coupling can be easily handled and operated at this point. You.   It is advantageous if the individual housing plates of the power take-off device are rounded , Thereby, it is very costly to provide an O-ring on this end face as well. . Therefore, Vacuum tightness of power take-offs should be achieved by very simple means It is.   The melt to be fed is under pressure up to the feed hole, Expands in the evacuated space So Instantaneous evaporation occurs in connection with the huge foam formation. That is, Melt before expansion It has a volume much larger than the volume of the melt in the feed hole.   Feeding the melt upstream of the flow resistance section in the form of a throttle acting on the screw It has proven to be advantageous. Thereby, The degassing chamber is divided, The melt It has the advantage of expanding only upstream.   As the melt is fed to the inner annular part of the screw, For narrow play of screw Therefore, Since the generated foam does not reach the outer annular part, Foam is screwed in the inner ring Mechanically destroyed by the threads, Free gas, the main amount of gas removed Is Only upstream It is possible to escape to a unique vent hole evacuated. You That is, Very reliable rear venting is possible.   The flow resistance of the screw downstream of the melt feed point is initially Some pressure Because it generates power, The rear vent is pressure separated from the fine vent, simultaneous To Processing material in the main stream is only allowed to pass through the inner ring of the screw Because you can reach the draining room, A thin layer is again formed on the outer annular portion. This The advantages of the thin layer have already been described.   This flow resistance part in the form of a throttle, The disk of segments creates this resistance , The number of this segment corresponds specifically to the screw axis, Play with a small thickness To form a cylindrical annular recess of the screw.   The inside semicircular hole of this disc is Reach the core diameter of the screw with narrow play So Processing material can only reach the inner annulus of the subsequent screw . For assembly reasons, Since the aperture is divided into segments, Screw After fitting The segments can be inserted from the radial outside. C The housing is split vertically at this point, To make handling easier Ring Held by a disk. This annular disk is fitted with a housing mating pin. Positioned.   The large longitudinal mixing action of the multi-screw is For example, screw pro Starting from eight screws with fill, When the annular part makes one rotation, sand When the shaft rotates twice, Screws with six outer annular parts that act on the screws -Follow the thread, On the other hand, the inner annular part advances only two threads. , The outer annulus moves at twice the axial speed of the inner annulus, Therefore the screw The six outer threads mix with the two inner threads in the wedge area.   The invention further provides: With one fixed housing, This housing level Around the axis, Screws are arranged with a narrow play in the fixed annular part And This screw rotates in the same direction, Axially parallel and engaged with each other, The surface scrapes the processed material together, Surround the surface with small play Processing material from the teeth of the housing or housing enclosed by the surface Scrape, Thermoplastic synthetic resin, In particular, melting high-molecular polymer in solid form, Coloring , It relates to a machine for degassing and homogenizing.   On this machine, Preferably, the screw shaft is driven in a planetary gear shape at both ends. Gears, The liquid processing substance passes through, Because they are mixed, Screw shaft is powder It is not suitable for processing solid materials in the form of powder or granules. That When In particular, the gears on the loading side are destroyed.   A shaft drive is arranged upstream of the material supply, Related to it, Material inlet side Starting from the fact that the sealing problem of This machine is a solid processing Not suitable for Because The packing material to be processed is outside the transport screw Only reach the annulus, Therefore, the screw shaft moves from the solid in the molten part of the machine to the center of the shaft. Is pushed towards This makes it unusable.   Current, Rotate in the same direction, Engage each other, A twin screw that scrapes each other The so-called compounder Melts thermoplastic solids in powder or granule form , Coloring, Used to mix and homogenize.   According to an embodiment of the present invention, Both screws below the material inlet are arranged asymmetrically And So if the screw is right-handed, Looking in the flow direction from above, Right side The outer diameter of the screw must be at least as large as the core diameter over at least a portion of the material inlet length. To shrink, Both screws are covered by a roof-like filling piece in the entrance, By that The width of the lower side of the filling piece is larger than the axial distance between the two screws below it.   This allows Multi-axis machines can also be used as compounds, Thermoplastic synthesis Resin solid can be charged, It has the same advantages as the compound above. Multi-axis machine By forming the material inlet according to the present invention, Rotate around the central axis, rotation Two circular material flows with opposite directions, Center the screw shaft in the meantime You. this is, For the same diameter and the same machine length, Compared to twin screw, Unit time It will have twice the flow rate per interval. Furthermore, New material inlet for solid Depending on the shape, New processing method independent of melt supply, first with multi-axis machine Is achievable.   Engage each other, Only the screws that scrape each other, Satisfied with prescribed substance transport Causing self-cleaning of the surface, Because it satisfies the highest demands, Axis self Washing is maintained, Simultaneous radial forces from outside and inside of the melted and homogenized parts of the shaft There is an advantage of being biased by. The radial forces cancel each other out.   In the case of the compounding machine according to the invention, Length of processed material in molten phase Directional mixing is incomparably better than this type of conventional machine. Because , In the wedge-shaped area of the screw, Material from inner ring is material from outer ring Is very strongly mixed. Starting from eight double-start screws , When the screw makes two turns, the material is transported by the outer annulus by six threads. But Only two threads are conveyed in the inner annulus. Therefore, Outer annular part Is transported at a transport speed that is three times that of the inner annular processing material, that time By being mixed with the processing substance of the inner annular part at the same time, Multi-screw screw length A directional mixing effect occurs.   Furthermore, Multi-screw machines are designed for twin-screw when melting such materials, That It has an advantage that cannot be evaluated in terms of size. For example, Multi-axis machine is more than 4 times Has the axis of this is, For surface renewal, And thus for good mixing, 3 times Meaning that a large surface area is provided to the processed material.   In both cases, Processing material is metered into the machine or supplied Whether it is supplied from the upper Half amount reaches outer annular part and inner annular part in half And In this case, it is intended that the formation of bridges at the material inlet is reliably avoided.   The number of teeth on the screw shaft must be divisible by four. Because like this In compounding machines, Because a double-start screw is advantageously used. You. I mean, This screw is asymmetrically negative with the same strength due to radial force. Loaded This is because these radial forces cancel each other. Therefore, For this reason , Each screw shaft must be rotated by 90 ° with respect to the adjacent shaft. I have to.   Upstream seals prevent dust and solids from entering the power take-off. And to release the load on the seal All screw shafts at least Is again formed to the maximum diameter over its length. Thereby, This At the location Even when the hopper is full of substance, Screw shaft Through the end wall and its sealing means, Solids do not reach.   For current compounding machines, Insufficient heat transfer area for product For, Because it is not possible to supply sufficient heat from outside, Very from the drive Expensive energy is used for melting. Therefore, This mechanical energy Is converted into heat, The melting process wears the screws and housing in this area. Wear effect, It is uneconomical.   According to the present invention, Sufficient heat is supplied to the processing material from outside and inside the melted part. And In particular, twice as much material can be melted per unit time, The melting process is inexpensive. Achieved with thermal energy, Therefore, good color results can be obtained at the same time. Con It is extremely important for this type of implementation of a pounder machine.   Therefore, Immediately after the material entrance, One heating device for each of the outer housing and inner housing It is particularly advantageous to provide it in a housing. Thereby, Closed by both housings To the screw Can provide the proper heating energy from the two sides You. The outer housing heating surface facing the screw is In the case of twin screw Twice the size of the entire heating surface Furthermore, Exists in the case of twin screw No inner housing heating surface is additionally provided for the processing material.   When charging powder or beads For air or beads in powder An evaporator outlet for the ingress moisture and the water vapor formed thereby, Material input It is useful to place it at an appropriate distance downstream from the mouth (the material is already molten). Proved to be profitable. Thereby, The gas is carried along with the processing substance, Do not spin the screw thread in the direction opposite to the transport direction.   In the present invention, This evaporation port is Fixing bolt between the two housings to be connected It is formed by fitting a spacer ring into the spacer. Thereby, Shortest A very effective vent opening is formed in the space. This gas vent opening is an annular shaft Vent the screw through 360 ° around the line. in this case, Downstream Supply in the housing The housing inner hole opens diagonally at this point and extends, The inner hole covers the conically tapered housing outlet upstream This is advantageously performed by   Avoid installation of very costly dosing devices for such machines for, It is advantageous to prioritize operation with a hopper full of material. This Intermeshing screw devices such as provide very accurate material distribution. Mechanical Do not change equipment or overload, To make this possible, Entering In the mouth, There are two inlets which can be closed by slide valves. This place If Below the opening on the drive side, Small pitch of screw suitable for specific gravity of granules Is provided, Below the second opening provided downstream, Ratio of powder or bead A pitch suitable for the weight is provided.   actually, In order to seal the shaft in the power take-off device, Elastic in the radial direction Thus, it has been demonstrated that so-called laminated rings which are axially closed are preferred. this The seal is dust to the power take-out device, Prevent entry of dirt or foreign matter. Especially the axis Rotating in a thin grease film, Multiple lamination rings form a labyrinth with each other Advantageously. in this case, At least three such rings Each other Is resiliently mounted in a radial direction in a shaft groove spaced apart from the shaft groove. Two of those rings Elastically tightened in the radial direction, Fixed to the housing surrounding it, this One other ring is installed in the shaft groove to be sealed, Rotate together.   This laminated ring Without wear No maintenance is required, Required space in radial direction Has the advantage of being very narrow. This is a prerequisite for using shaft couplings. You. This laminated ring In order to prevent dust from entering from outside, This use Is used in the reverse function. Thereby, The free space on the power take-out device side is Do not wear, Therefore, it is sealed without maintenance.   The screw shaft is connected to the pinion shaft of the power take-out device via a joint in this free space. Are linked. This fitting includes: Easy handling and operation from outside, Radially Placed, A threaded pin with a conical part is provided. This screw pin The shaft is axially tightened and fixed in the tapered shaft groove. The joints are on the outer periphery on both ends, It has the above-mentioned lamination ring.   The invention further provides: Power take-off device for driving multi-screw machine . The pinion shaft of this power take-off device is arranged in the annular portion, Driven by drive shaft Is done.   Such a power take-off is very complicated. In particular, Located in the annulus The transport mixing shafts engage with each other, Therefore, it has a very small axial spacing.   Furthermore, Absolute synchronization of all axes should be guaranteed. in this case, The negative of this axis Extremely large torques are required to reach the load limit. for that reason, This axis is non- Always biased by a large axial force, This axial force is exerted by subsequent tools on such machines. Is generated.   When a viscous substance or high polymer is fed to a multi-screw under vacuum Is Large sealing problems with multiple screw shafts occur. In particular, Such a sea Must be designed at a temperature of 350 ° C, Therefore, it is very complicated and expensive. Furthermore, One or the other seal may cause unpredictable leaks. this is , Requires very long and incalculable repairs, Extremely uneconomical.   In order to achieve an appropriate length of residence time of the processed material, Such multi-axis machine But eight, With 10 or 12 screw shafts, Of each axis for, An axial bearing combination acting from two sides is required. this Is Due to high axial pressure, Must be installed offset from each other in the axial direction , Creates unsolvable assembly and maintenance problems.   It is known from DE 40 19 862 A1, Multi-axis anti In the case of a device in the form of a Place the helical gear in the machined part of the machine By doing Attempts have been made to solve drive and bearing problems. like this A very simple-looking drive method for a reactor is equally worthwhile in practice Did not. In particular, Unable to process solids, Processing material in molten form , It must pass twice between the gears. Screw shaft must be processed Since the melt must be pushed forward, For that bend, Only short structure length Make this possible.   With a new driving method, The above publication that does not impair the function of the above thin-layer reactor The views stated are: Not at all valid. Because Rotating with a planetary gear set, The melt The gear that hits is Split the material stream, Each half of this material stream is Reaching the outer annular part and the inner annular part, As a result you will get important for this method Indispensable thin layers are completely lost.   recently, Multi-screw machine Other types of machines have achieved Despite achieving no excellent residence time and mixing results Value in industry Was not found. Because Sealing and axial bearing problems Has not been resolved so far.   To take measures against this, And by very simple means this kind of machine To solve the problem of The following power take-out devices are offered Is proposed. That is, The pinion shaft that receives the axial force of the screw shaft, Ko Equipped with end caps This end cap is subjected to the action of the axial force. hand, Contacts the coated pressure plate that rotates with the drive shaft, This pressing plate Supported by a thrust bearing arranged coaxially with the drive shaft, Power take-out device Is proposed.   The power take-out device formed in a vacuum tight manner Sly that can be additionally installed later A dring seal is used, A slidable seal ring is an additional part This is different from the ordinary power take-off device.   Thereby, A compact power take-off device of the kind mentioned at the beginning is provided . This power take-off device requires few parts, Drive axis synchronization is guaranteed, Emits on the teeth The forces of the teeth that develop are offset each other, The axial force of the screw shaft is Easy and large dimensions Formed to be transmitted to the axial bearing of the law, Vacuum-tight if necessary Is formed, To thereby bypass all sealing issues, Multi-screw screw -It can be mounted in a vacuum-tight manner on the processing part of the machine.   that time, The pinion shaft engages the surrounding drive shaft and the internal gear that surrounds it So The tooth forces cancel each other out. in this case, Six pinion shafts are internal gears Driven by Eight or more pinions are driven by a central gear.   Depending on the power take-off device, Slide ring seal on drive side of drive shaft is necessary. This slide ring seal is not loaded by heat, Easy handling Operation is possible. This standard power take-off Processing solids or some Irrespective of whether the melt is processed, Basically, it can be used on multi-axis machines. You. A shaft coupling located in the middle makes this possible. Pressing disc is center of pinion shaft Because it moves relative to the axis, Its lubrication is guaranteed.   The device according to the invention is shown in the figure. next, This device will be described in detail.   FIG. Longitudinal sectional view of the processing portion of the embodiment of the mixer,   FIG. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the same scale of the mixer taken along the line II-II in FIG. 1;   FIG. Omitting the reduction gear unit and drive motor, The power take-out device of the mixer The same scale vertical sectional view of the embodiment,   FIG. 4 is a right vertical sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention,   FIG. The left half of the longitudinal sectional view of the object of the present invention in FIG. 4,   FIG. 6 is a view taken along the line VI-VI in FIG. Cross section of the aperture,   FIG. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the vent port taken along line VII-VII in FIG. 5.   FIG. 8 omits a drive motor, a reduction gear device, and a power take-out device, For granules Longitudinal sectional view of a processing portion of another embodiment of the machine,   9 is a cross-sectional view of the material inlet according to the present invention, taken along line IX-IX of FIG.   FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the melting part of the machine,   FIG. 11 has a vent port, Longitudinal section of material inlet for beads or powder Figure,   FIG. 12 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a standard power take-off device attached to a machine for solids, And   FIG. 13 shows the melting machine mounted in a vacuum tight manner, Vacuum tightness of the same power take-out device It is a figure showing a mold embodiment.   FIG. Longitudinal sectional view of a processing portion in which the length of the mixer according to the first embodiment is reduced. It is. in this case, 1 is the outer housing, 2 is the inner housing, 3 indicates the mixing axis are doing. Outer and inner shaft rings 4, The upper part of the mixing chamber formed by 5 , Closed by an end plate 65 through which the shaft passes, Use the mating pins 7 and bolts 8 It is fixed or bolted to the housing. that time , The inner housing 2 is prevented from rotating through the involute teeth 2a and And connected to the upper end plate 6, Therefore, it is also fixed to the outer housing 1. Have been.   The shaft end 3a on the drive side is Bearing on upper end plate with needle bearing 6a And The labyrinth ring 6b protects the processed part. needle Although the distance between the rollers of the bearing 6a is narrow, the rollers are relatively positioned on the shaft end surface. Because it has to rotate, Available if the race is coated with chromium oxide It turned out to be profitable.   The non-contact labyrinth ring that does not require maintenance Low required structural space Already done, It prevents foreign matter intrusion and lubricant leakage, Especially in thin lubricant layers When turning Particularly suitable.   Each of the upper shaft ends 3a has Involute teeth 3b for torque transmission Is provided. The joint 3c is fitted into the involute teeth, Involu The end on the processing side of the gear teeth is similarly provided with a labyrinth ring 3d. Fittings Assembly will be described later.   In particular, the lower end of the solid mixing shaft is formed as a screw tip 3e. And In the corresponding recess of the lower closure plate 9. In this closing plate 9, Same size Is provided on the center axis of the mixing shaft. This outlet hole is the melt passage Open to 9b, The cross section of the melt passage extends from axis to axis. Melt passage Is guided axially at the maximum cross section, Radially outward direction inside the holding plate 10 Has been changed. But, For a given application, the mixing shaft Figure 2 shows half each Like Involute shaft with screw sleeve or processing element It may consist of.   FIG. An inflow hole 1a and an overflow hole 1b for the outer shaft annular portion; Inner shaft ring 5 shows the inner inflow hole 2c for the shape. These holes are at the same height with respect to the upper end plate In position, It is located at a distance of about three threads from the upper end plate. This arrangement The structure is For eight mixed axes, Three screw threads with half rotation of the axial transfer of the shaft ring Selected because it reaches. Thereby, The overflow hole is about 3 Two threads apart, Therefore, it is safe in operation.   The rotation direction 3u of the mixing shaft is the rotation direction 1u of the outer and inner shaft annular portions, Determine 2u So The position of the inner inflow hole 2c is automatically determined.   Collective passages for processing substances arranged unusually for screw machines 9b is The mixed substance is formed in the inflow hole 2c on the inner side in the radial direction, The inflow hole 2b for supplying Not only can it be easily located in the center of the aisle, , If it is necessary to make the mixer temperature-controllable, Temperature control liquid Heater rods with inlet and outlet holes or feeders and thermocouples, Collective passage 9b This brings about the effect of the present invention that it can be stored around.   The inner housing 2 does not rotate relative to the involute teeth 2d on the outflow side. Connected as It is positioned and guided relative to the lower closure plate. this The lower closing plate itself is fixed to the outer housing 1 by the fitting pins 7 and the bolts 8. Or bolted.   Since the inner housing 2 has a fine screw 2e on the end side, Inner housing 2 A lock nut 11 forms an assembly unit between the , It can receive the axial force of the mixer.   The seal on the outlet side of the mixer is an O-ring 12a, 12b, 12c, By 12d Done. This O-ring is made of perfluoroelastomer at high processing temperature It may be.   To prevent the mixer from falling down, Standing on four legs 13. This leg The holder is fixed to the holding plate 10 and bolted. Mixer difference with respect to substrate 14 Easy to include In addition, the processing part is precisely fixed to the power take-out device. In order to A guide groove 14a is provided in the substrate. This guide groove can be easily inserted So that On the insertion side, a conical extension 14b is provided. Hold three The rod 15 is fixed in position and bolted to the substrate 14. The purpose of this holding rod is , Support the power take-out device at a predetermined interval, Align the position to the processing part Not only The purpose is to be able to raise and lower the power take-off device. Power take By lifting the dispensing device, For installation and maintenance work of other mixer shafts The processing part can be removed at Slowly lower for fitting assembly be able to. in this case, All height positions are self-locking for safety reasons It is formed so that it may fit. This will be described in detail later.   FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of a power take-off device in which a motor and a reduction gear device are omitted. The form is shown. This power take-off device comprises an upper connection housing 17, Support plate 18, 19, An intermediate plate 20, It comprises a lower sealing plate 21. These points The elements are fixed and bolted together via mating pins and bolts. You All housings are sealed from one another by O-rings 24 of the same size. .   Support plate 18, 19 has a needle bearing 18a, 19a is provided. This needle bearing has a pinion shaft 22, Accommodates 23 axially displaced teeth , Driven by a central drive shaft 25. The radial bearing of this drive shaft is the same 2 Needle bearings 25a, 25b, For the third needle bearing 17c This is done. Due to the short axial spacing of all axes, even here, All rolling Since the body rotates on the shaft surface, This race is also coated with chromium oxide. Have been. in this case, Other coatings are possible with technological advances.   At the drive-side end of the pinion shaft, Right-hand screw according to the rotation direction of this pinion shaft Of the fine screw 22a Supports end cap 22b coated with chromium oxide It is provided in order to. This end cap applies the axial force of the pinion shaft to the center drive. The force is transmitted to the pressing plate 25d driven by the moving shaft. This pressing plate is a thrust bearing 2 5e and the flat surface 17c.   At the non-drive end of the central drive shaft, Another thrust bearing 25f is provided. . This thrust bearing is initially loaded by a coil spring 21a. This Is transmitted to the pressing plate via the split ring 25g. Split ring is pressed Prevents the board from falling. Therefore, The thrust bearing 25e is formed by the coil spring 21a. The initial load generated by the This initial load will affect the life of the thrust bearing It is very important for the function of the axial bearing of the non-ion shaft. Pressed plate 2 to be driven As 5d moves relative to the end cap, Lubricant is supplied to the rotating surface of the end cap. You.   The driven end of the central drive shaft has involute teeth 25h. This Nvolute teeth Inside of similarly coated needle bearing 17a Ring 25i, The pressing plate 25d is driven. The conical screw pin 251 is In cooperation with the groove 25k, Pressing plate 25g and inner phosphorus for split ring 25g The bolt 25i is tightened and fixed in the axial direction.   When the power take-off device does not rotate, the pinion shaft moves in a small axial direction with respect to the pressing plate. To fix in the axial direction with play, Bearing bush with coated end face The fine screw 22c of the left screw to which 22d is attached is Installed on the drive side of the pinion shaft I have. This bearing bush contacts the coated flat surface of the sealing plate 21, So As soon as the power take-off device rotates and an axial pressing force is generated by the mixing shaft, It is lifted from a flat surface. Thereby, Overcoming the weight of the mixing shaft it can.   At the drive end of the pinion shaft, For accommodating and axially fixing the shaft coupling 3c, The same involute teeth 22e and tapered grooves 22g as the mixing shaft are provided symmetrically. I have.   The power take-off device 16 is on both sides, Shaft radial seal ring 21b, Equipped with 17b I have. Similarly, the sealing surface of this seal ring The shaft side is coated and ground Has been polished. Thereby, The service life and sealing action of this sealing means are improved. It is.   The upper ends of the three holding rods are Flat screw mounting pinion 15b having the same reverse screw 15a. This pinion is arranged between the lower sealing plate 21 and the intermediate plate 20. Via the intermediate ring 15c with internal teeth of the pinion shaft (not shown) Commercially available It can be rotated by a 1/2 inch ratchet wrench.   When the power take-off device 16 is lowered, The lower end face of the pinion 15b becomes flat 15d On, The power take-off device is mounted on the axial bearing 20 by the flat surface 20a of the intermediate plate 20. b. This axial bearing uses this force, Centering ring 20c Through the upper flat surface of the pinion 15b, Piping to end face 3f of the mixing shaft The exact height position of the end face 22f of the nonion shaft is determined, Mixing for lower end plate 9 The lower play 26 of the shaft or the upper play 27 of the mixing shaft against the upper end plate 5 is ensured. Is done.   When lowering the power take-off device 16, The fitting pin 6c of the upper end plate 6 is It is inserted into the fitting hole 21c of the closing plate 21. The role of this mating pin is Both structures Not only is the group aligned with the central axis, Counteraction of processing part Transmitting the operating torque to the power take-out device 16.   The processing part inserted with the power take-out device 16 raised is: On the mixing axis Embedded It has a shaft coupling for the screw-in pin 3c. Each of the shaft couplings So Since there are four screw holes symmetrically arranged on the outer circumference of When fitting , In each case, the center axes of the two opposing screws are oriented parallel to the mixing axis. I have to take care.   Especially before finally fitting the fitting All involute teeth slide easily You have to be careful. Numbering fittings with pinion shaft Was found to be advantageous. Thereby, Fittings are always installed in the same place, Acts on the same opponent.   Until the end face 22f reaches the end face of the joint, Lower the power take-off device slowly. set Sharp ends of the involute teeth are easily inserted to facilitate Even if All joints together with pinion shaft involute teeth 22 It is impossible to insert into e. I mean, Its seal profile is small Nevertheless, the mixing axes can rotate somewhat with respect to each other. Therefore, Involuille Even if the tooth spacing is small, Not enough to make this possible.   Therefore, Lift the shaft coupling one by one, With the mixing shaft until the involute teeth engage In both cases, make the shaft joint reciprocate a little, And pinion by 3g of conical screw pin It is a much simpler method to fix it to the screw above the tapered groove 22g of the shaft. After attaching all the shaft couplings to the power take-off device 16 in this way, Power take-out The device is lowered somewhat further. In this state, Both involute teeth One after another Since they are lined up and connected Screw 3g on all shafts again Can be removed. that time, The two mating pins 6c are inserted into the corresponding holes, The two structural groups are connected so that they do not rotate relative to each other and are aligned. ing.   After the power take-off has reached its operating position, The lock nut is tightened, It The axial pressing force of the mixing shaft raises the power take-off device via the pinion shaft Can not be.   FIG. 4 shows the right half of the object of the invention. Power take-out device on the driven side Only the minute is shown at 31. The vacuum sealing of this power take-out device Housing part An O-ring 31a between A slide ring seal (not shown) on the drive shaft It is done. This slide ring seal is easy to handle and operate, Therefore It is easily replaceable. A unique vacuum connection is provided on the power take-off.   From the power take-out device to the processing part of the machine, Connections that are airtight against vacuum , This is done by a slidable ring 32a. This ring supports the power take-off device. And has an O-ring 32b, Having an O-ring 32c for the processing portion, Soshi It is fixed to the processed part by a bolt 32d. Again, in this case, Specific A vacuum connection 32e is provided.   When the slidable ring 32a is sliding toward the power take-off, Fitting 3 3, mounted radially, Between the pinion shaft 31e and the screw shaft 37c. The dowel pin 33a is accessible for handling operations. Screw-in pin 33 a has its conical end pushed into the tapered annular groove one by one on the shaft, The screw pin tightens and fixes the two shafts to each other in the axial direction. At both ends of the joint outer periphery, La At least two grooves for accommodating the violin ring are formed. processing The processing part is Regardless of the slidable ring, Connect the bolt 32f to the spacer Attach to 32g of sh It is bolted to the power take-out device in the axial direction, And pin 3 The position is fixed via 2h.   The vent port 34 for venting at the rear is 360 ° around the screw Stretched across, The three sides are closed by an inspection window 34a that can be heated. Hanging A gas discharge pipe 34b is attached to the lower side in the vertical direction.   In the center of the inner housing 34, The material inflow hole 35a extends from the outflow end of the machine Extends to the upstream side of the throttle 36, To supply to the inner annular portion 37a of the screw 37 At the radial direction outflow hole 35b. Heating of the inner housing 25 is a melt flow This is performed by a bar-shaped heater 35c asymmetrically arranged around the inlet 35a.   The diaphragm in the shape of the blocking disk 36 is It consists of segment parts. This Segume Parts are easy to handle. With one annular disk 36b Surrounded Axial bolting between housing flanges via bolts 36c And The position is fixed by the pin 36d.   FIG. 5 shows the left half of the object according to the invention in longitudinal section. 38 has play The housing surrounding the screw 37 is shown. This housing is Heated by the heating device 38a, The V-shaped flat seal 38b contacts Sealed to the continuation. The mutual fastening of the parts in the axial direction is Done by lt 38c, The position of the part is fixed by the fitting pin 38d. Will be   The gas vent 39 is formed by the housing 39a, Thereby Hauzin Completely independent of the network 38. Therefore, On request Along the degas section A plurality of vents can be arranged. The check window 39b that can be heated is Prevent occurrence, The gas leaves the processing chamber via the gas discharge pipe 39c.   Processing material is added via the screw tip 37d of the discharge section 40 and the passage 40a. Get out of the processing room, An annular melt passage 40b is reached. Cross section of this melt passage Extends from screw to screw. Melt pipe 40 at the point of maximum cross section c connects, Further axially or radially outward, Extrusion not shown The nozzle or the next machine in the following arrangement is connected.   Therefore, Ample empty space is created in the center of the annular melt passage 40b, By that The melt supply passage 35a or a rod shaped symmetrically disposed around the melt supply passage. The heater 35c is housed in this central empty space, Power supply line and thermocouple conductor 35d are arranged can do.   The screw is As shown in FIG. It is made integrally and solidly. However , For certain applications, It is expedient to assemble and produce several parts (FIG. 7). in this case, As the inner axis, Forged polygonal axes, Especially in the forging process Polygons whose strength is very large and are available as cut-and-sold products It is advantageous to use a shaft. And Screw sleeve or processing element Is fitted, The end is closed by a screw tip that is bolted.   As shown in FIG. The processing part of another embodiment for melting the granules comprises: Air cooling An inlet housing 51, An inner housing 52; A screw 53, Outer how Jing 54, It consists of an extruded part 55.   A groove 51b formed in the air-cooled inlet housing 51 forms a cooling rib 51a. I have. These cooling ribs are cut out 51c in the longitudinal axis direction, 51d (FIG. 9). Stopped, It forms a cooling group that is symmetric and parallel to the axis. Metal sheet An outer peripheral wall 51e; A connecting plate 51f having an extended inlet 51g is welded together. ing. in this case, Air is supplied from a solenoid valve (not shown) to a threaded connection 51h. Via countercurrent. The air outlet is indicated by 51i.   As the screw shaft 53, Cutting by DIN5480 made of stainless steel It is advantageous to use a forged shaft. The number of teeth on this screw shaft is an integer , Divide by four. Because On such machines, Article 1, Article 2 and Article 3 Clew sleeve, Used for various process tasks, Double-thread screw Because the sleeve must be positioned 90 ° off its adjacent sleeve. is there.   At the outlet end of the shaft, Fine screws for accommodating the screw tip 53d are provided. Have been killed. The thread diameter of this fine thread is Formed below the shaft base circle diameter of the tooth And The inclination direction is When the inclination of the screw sleeve 53a is a right-handed screw, left Must be a screw. Thereby, Due to the frictional effect of the processed material, tip The part is tightened. At the end on the joint side, Groove 3 to accommodate split ring Only one is drilled. This ring supports a screw sleeve .   The entrance is covered by a roof-like filling piece 51n over its entire length, Intermediate plate 51 f. The width 51p on the lower side of this intermediate plate is It is larger than the axis interval.   In FIG. The left screw 53c below the roof-like filling piece 51n is The core diameter is smaller. Therefore, Processing material forms on the left screw Can fall to the inner annular part in the intermediate room. Adjacent to right screw There is no intermediate chamber between the screws The material remains in the outer annulus.   In the space between the trailing edge of the entrance and the intermediate plate 51k, Small inclined transfer sleeve Is provided for all screws, Even if the hopper is full, Absolute In this part of a typical forced guidance, The intermediate plate and the sealing means 53e in the intermediate plate are filled with material. not exist.   Screws in the melting part for granules The left screw kneading block 53b Formed to be spaced apart by a short screw sleeve in between ing. Thereby, Reliable melting of the granules is guaranteed.   In the extrusion section 55, each screw is followed by a unique melt hole 55a. I have. This melt hole is open to the annular melt passage 55b. This melt passage Cross section expands from screw to screw, Maximum cross section within hole 55c hand, Axial or towards a subsequent arrangement of nozzles not shown or other next machines It is guided radially outward.   Therefore, A wide area is formed inside the melt passage 55b, So the inner housing The rod-shaped heater 52a necessary for heating the plug 52 is inserted, Power supply for bar heater The wire or the thermocouple wire 52b can be guided outside.   The intermediate plate 51k is bolted to the material inlet via a bolt 51r, Pin 511 Together with the bolts 51m and the spacer bushing 51s for the power take-off device Are bolted or positioned axially with respect to the material inlet. Furthermore, Outside The heater 54a of the housing 54 also Material inlet and extrusion via bolts and pins Are bolted and fixed in the axial direction.   In FIG. The melt for the powder or beaded material is shown. This melting In part, After the material entrance 51, The housing 54, together with its heating device 54a, 2 As one part half, Bolt 56a, pin 56b and spacer bush 56c Are axially bolted or positioned relative to one another. Follow hand, Between the housing halves 54 by the spacer bush 56c, 360 ° An evaporating opening 56d is created which acts on it. This evaporating opening tapers conically An upstream housing portion 54b; Downstream housing that extends conically Forming portion 54c, Overlapping.   in this case, The kneading block 53f is a right-hand thread, Similarly, a short disk in between They are separated from each other by a lew sleeve 53g. This kneading block is right And It does not disturb the air in the powder or the evolved gas in the beads Reaches the evaporation opening.   In the inlet housing 51, There are two inlets spaced apart from each other in the axial direction. Can be opened. This inlet can be closed by a slide valve separately from each other . in this case, A suitable screw sleeve is provided below the upstream opening for granules And Below the downstream opening for powder or beads, a suitable screw Leaves are provided. The effective length of this screw sleeve is heated and molten Since it has reached the part The machine does not convert the screw Can be used by filling granules. that time, Machine is overloaded Without Therefore, very expensive dosing devices are not required.   With such a machine, If one material is processed for specific gravity, Entering It is expedient to provide only one mouth.   The power take-out device shown in FIG. A central drive shaft 101 is provided. This drive In the driving axis, Coated bearing ring 10 with needle bearing 103 2 are provided. A central drive gear 104 is provided between the bearing rings. ing. Around this drive gear, Solid pinion shafts 1 offset axially from each other 05, 106 are arranged in an annular shape. This pinion shaft is driven by the internal gear 107. Surrounded.   The pinion shaft has its bearings coated in the same way, Needle bearing 1 08. This needle bearing has a needle bearing 103 These are arranged in the common housing portion 109 one by one.   The internal gear is also housed in a needle bearing 110. This need The bearing raceway surface and flat surface are the coated phase of the housing disk 109. Start to move with a small axial play against the hand. The housing disk is in between , The needle bearing 110 and the surrounding housing 111 are fixedly held.   Pinion shaft 105, 106 is at the end on the power take-out device drive side, Coated The supported end cap 113 is supported on the fine screw 112. This end cab is The axial force transmitted to the Coated driven by central drive shaft Transmitted to the pressing plate 114. This pressing plate itself, Size arranged coaxially with the drive shaft Axial force is transmitted to the thrust bearing 115 which can be formed into various dimensions. This thrust axis The receiver is supported by the housing disk 116. When the thrust bearing 115 is stationary The housing disk 115a is positioned by the housing 117. This Hole 117a in the housing is closed by a threaded plug 117b from above. Chained. The coating is, for example, chromium oxide.   At the non-drive end of the drive shaft 101, A groove 101a is provided, In this groove, Divided Ring 101b is provided. This ring is dropped by the ring 101c. It is held so that it does not fall. This ring 101c has a thrust bearing 118 The shaft disk 118a is supported. This thrust bearing is positioned by the drive shaft And The housing disk 118b to which the thrust bearing 118 belongs is the housing plate 11 9 are positioned. The compression spring 119a is thrust in the housing plate. The initial load is applied to the bearing and held. The end cap is supplied with a lubricant. When I mean, This is because the pressing plate 114 moves relatively to the end cap.   The drive end of the center drive shaft is In particular, inbos made in accordance with DIN 5480 It has a lute tooth 101d. Through this involute tooth, Frequency control Not shown, Driving is performed by a drive motor with a reduction gear device. This reduction gearing is flanged to the housing disc 116 together with the motor. You.   A turning groove 101e is connected to the involute tooth 101d. This whirl A divided ring 101f is provided in the groove. This ring is a pressing disk It is held so as not to fall by 101 g. In this pressing disk, Pressing A threaded pin 101h acting on the disk 101i is provided.   The transmission of the force between the thrust bearings 115 and 118 is performed by the threaded pin 101h. Done. This threaded pin acts on the pressing plate 101i, Member 102, 101k , 114, 111, Ring 101b that splits this axial force through 101c To The thrust bearing 118, which is biased by a spring, Apply initial load without play and hold.   On the driven side, Behind the needle bearing 108, Coated A pressing ring 120 is screwed into the pinion shaft. This press ring is housed With small axial play against the coated mating surface of the pressure plate 121 Rotate, Only works when the machine is stopped. All housing parts are O-ring 1 22 seals each other to prevent leakage of the lubricant, So that the vacuum Even sealed.   The torque of the pinion shaft is transmitted to the screw shaft of the multi-axis machine through the joint 123. You. In this fitting, Two threaded pins 124 that can be easily handled and operated from outside They are provided in rows. The lower cone of the threaded pin engages the tapered groove of the shaft And The shafts are fastened and fixed to each other in the axial direction.   Labyrinth rings 125 are provided on both ends of the outer peripheral surface of the joint. This rabbi The rinse ring seals the housing plate 119 and the intermediate plate 136 of the multi-axis machine. Acts as a step. Similarly, at the drive-side end of the power take-off device, Labyrinthine 127 is provided in the pressing disk 101g, For the screwed disk 116a Works. The intermediate plate 136 of the multi-axis machine is Multi-screw screw for processing solids ー As a machine drive Through bolt 132, spacer ring 134 and nut 1 33 bolted to the power take-off device, Power take-out by pin 135 Positionally fixed with respect to the device.   When multi-screw machines are used to process melts in vacuum, FIG. 3 requires a power take-out device. This power take-out device Machining of multi-axis machines In that the processing portion includes a different intermediate plate 137, Power take-out device shown in FIG. It is a little different. An intermediate ring 138 of the power take-off device is mounted on this intermediate plate. Fixed by the bolt 139, The position is fixed by a pin 140. In this The inter-rings are one O-ring 141, 142, True in the intermediate ring Since the empty connection port 143 is provided, Negative pressure can be applied to the intermediate chamber 144 You.   Instead of the threaded plug 117b, At this point, The power take-out device is a vacuum source 143 Connected to When the pressing disk 101i is replaced by the pressing disk 145 For the first time is sealed against vacuum. This pressing disk 145 is coated on one side And The central drive shaft 101 is sealed with an O-ring 146.   The housing disk 116a is provided with a commercially available slide ring seal 147. Replaced by a housing disc 116b, O-ring 148 provides vacuum And is bolted to the housing disk 116.

[Procedure of Amendment] Article 184-8, Paragraph 1 of the Patent Act [Submission date] April 7, 1998 (1998.4.7) [Correction contents]                                 The scope of the claims 1. It comprises two housings arranged coaxially and fixed between them.   Multiple transport mixing shafts are arranged around a common axis and in a fixed annulus.   The conveying and mixing shafts are supported on one side with a small play between   The shafts rotate in the same direction, are axially parallel and engage each other, so that the surface is processed.   Scrape each other and remove the surface with narrow play over its entire length.   Processing material is scraped from the surrounding housing teeth and the outer housing is   Equipped with inlet and material outlet, for example mixing, coloring and homogenizing viscous liquids and substances   Transport in multi-screw machines, especially with power take-offs   Material supply metered under positive pressure for the outer and inner annulus of the mixing shaft (3)   In the housing (1, 2) attached to the transport mixing shaft, the supply   It is performed through each hole (1c, 2c).   This is performed through a hole (9a) provided on the center axis of the view.   An opening is formed in the passage (9a), and the cross section of the collecting passage expands as the screw passes.   At the point of maximum cross-section, offset radially from the center axis,   The material supply (2b) to the inner housing (2) is further guided radially outward.   Multi-screw machine characterized by being performed inside this collecting passage (9a)   . 2. The outer and inner axle parts are supplied with partial quantities separated from one another,   Is 5: 1, 6: 2, etc. for a double thread screw, whereby   The sum of this ratio indicates the number of shafts, as opposed to 9:   The ratio is 3, 11: 5, etc., and half of the total of this ratio corresponds to the number of axes.   The multi-screw according to claim 1, characterized in that:   machine. 3. Inner housing (2) at both ends via involute teeth (2a, 2d)   The two housing end plates (6, 9) are fixed against rotation and positioned.   The multi-axial screw according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the screw is formed.   View machine. 4. With the drive after the power take-off device (16) is disconnected from the mixing shaft (3)   The guide pin (6c) that can be lifted and receives the reaction torque is removed.   After removal, the processed part can be taken out to the side.   The multi-screw machine according to claim 1. 5. Up to 3 screw threads below the upper screw start   However, a material inflow hole (1b) communicating with the outer annular portion is arranged, and 18   Opposite by 0 °, the material overflow (1a) of the outer casing is arranged, especially at the same height.   To the inner casing (2) in the position, to the material inlet (1b) for the outer annulus.   Opposite, a unique material inlet (2a) for the inner annulus of the mixing shaft (3) is arranged   The multiaxial screw according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein   View machine. 6. Pinion in which the axial force of the transport mixing shaft is driven by a central drive shaft (25)   Through the shaft (22, 23) and its coated end cap (22b)   Transmitted to the coated pressing plate (25d) driven by the central shaft,   The thrust bearing (25e) in which this pressing plate is coaxially arranged with respect to the central shaft (25).   6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:   Shaft screw machine. 7. A circle in which the shaft coupling (3c) is arranged substantially in the center in the vertical direction and in two rows in the radial direction.   It is provided with a conical screw pin, and this screw pin is connected to both shaft ends (3f,   22f) into the tapered annular groove (3h, 22g), whereby the shaft is   The same threaded pin to secure this fitting   That the other screw hole (3g) for accommodating is arranged on the pinion shaft side.   The multi-screw machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: 8. At each height position where the height adjustable power take-off is adjusted,   8. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is self-locked and maintained.   A multi-screw machine according to claim 1. 9. A gear pump whose rotation speed is controlled is provided as a metering device.   The tooth width is the same ratio as the partial quantity to be conveyed and both gear pairs have one common inlet,   Housing disk with two separate outlets with the outlet side of the gear located between them   9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the parts are separated from each other.   A multi-screw machine according to claim 1. Ten. Processing material is supplied by positive pressure through the outer annulus of the mixing shaft to the inner annulus.   The multi-screw machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9,   Machine. 11． Processing material is supplied through the inner housing to the inner annulus of the transport mixing shaft.   The outer annular part, the space between the processing part and the power take-off device, and the power take-off   11. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is evacuated.   Multi-screw machine. 12． The discharge of the material from the individual transport mixing shafts takes place through holes along the axis of the transport mixing shaft.   This hole opens into one annular passage, the cross section of which passes through the axis.   It is therefore larger and is guided further at the maximum cross section, so that the material supply   12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step is performed inside a passage.   Multi-screw machine. 13. From the outlet end of the fixed inner housing, within the central area of the shaft annulus   A steerable rod heater is symmetrically located around the material inlet and the heater   The power supply line and the thermocouple wire are guided from the inner housing to the outside.   A multi-screw machine according to any one of the preceding claims. 14. More than the transfer capacity to adjust the thin layer thickness of the outer annular part of the transfer mixing shaft   14. The product according to claim 1, wherein the product is supplied to an inner annular portion.   The multi-screw machine according to any one of the preceding claims. 15． The vent opening is spaced apart from the transport mixing shaft over the entire length of the venting section.   The multi-axial slide according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein   Clew machine. 16． The radial supply pipe of the processing substance, which leads to the inner annular part of the transport mixing shaft,   The gas vent opening is formed in the outer annular portion of the transport mixing shaft further upstream.   The multi-screw screw according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the screw is used.   -Machinery. 17． The diaphragm is formed as a disk composed of segments, and the inner diameter of this disk is at least   Reaches the center of the transport mixing shaft, and the core diameter of the transport mixing shaft is   Encircling the segment, which is held by an annular disk surrounding it,   A plate fixed to a mating pin of the outer housing.   A multi-screw machine according to any one of claims 1 to 16. 18． Intermediate chambers between the processing part and the power take-off device are each connected via one O-ring   This ring is sealed against a vacuum and closed by a slidable ring.   Is bolted to the machined part, so that at the joint half on the mixing shaft side   18. The screw pin according to claim 1, wherein the screw pin is operable.   A multi-screw machine according to any one of the preceding claims. 19. At least two labyrinth ring units are provided on both ends of the joint outer peripheral surface   The multi-axis disk according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein   Liu machine. 20. In the mixing and degassing range, the screw profile of the transport mixing shaft is   Diameter and the housing has a narrow play in this area with respect to this core diameter.   20. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the projections are formed to have   A multi-screw machine according to one. twenty one. The housing has a horizontal axis and both screws below the material inlet are unpaired.   In the direction of flow from the top, if the screw is right-handed   As you can see, the outside diameter of the right-hand screw covers at least part of the length of the material inlet.   To the core diameter (53c) and both screws are roofed in the entrance (51g)   Of the filling piece (51n), thereby covering the lower width of the filling piece (51n).   (51p) must be greater than the axial spacing (51q) of the two screws below it.   The multi-screw machine according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that: twenty two. The melt after the material inlet is formed by the two housings (54),   Housing is fitted with bolt (56a) and bin (56b) and spacer bush   Bolt (56c) or bolted together so that both   Between the housing halves (54) the evaporator ports (56d   ) Is caused by the spacer bush (56c), and the evaporation port is conically reduced.   Upstream housing portion (54b) and a downstream housing portion expanding conically   Minutes (56c) and overlapping.   A multi-screw machine according to any one of claims 1 to 21. twenty three. The material inlet comprises two openings, which are separated in the machine longitudinal direction, and   Can be closed by slide valves separately from each other, especially when the screw is   An opening with a small pitch suitable for granules below the opening and located on the granule side   Characterized by having a pitch suitable for powder or beads below   A multi-screw machine according to any of the preceding claims. twenty four. A shaft coupling (5) is provided between the driven shaft of the power take-off device and the screw shaft on the inlet side.   3k), a sealing plate (51k) penetrating therethrough is provided.   A sealing means comprising a labyrinth ring that is radially elastic and axially closed   24. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first member is formed by (53e).   A multi-screw machine according to any one of the preceding claims. twenty five. A power take-off device is provided with pinion shafts (105, 106) arranged in the annular portion.   This pinion shaft is driven by one central drive shaft (101),   The pinion shafts (105, 106) that receive the axial force of the Lew shaft   An end cap (113) which has an axial force acting thereon.   The coated pressing plate (1) rotating with the drive shaft (101).   14), and this pressing plate is coaxially arranged with respect to the drive shaft (101).   25. The method according to claim 1, wherein the bearing is supported by a last bearing.   A multi-screw machine according to any one of the preceding claims. 26. At the same time, it engages the drive shaft (101) and the hollow wheel (107) surrounding it.   When the number of pinion shafts (105, 106) is less than 8, the hollow wheel   (107), and when the number is eight or more, by the drive shaft (101).   26. The multi-screw machine according to claim 25, which is driven. 27. Pinions (105, 106) shifted axially from each other coat their flat surfaces.   Engaged with the hollow wheel (107), which has a small play   The coated flat surface of the housing (109) of the power take-off device   27. The method according to claim 25, further comprising:   Multi-screw machine. 28. The coated pressure ring (120) is connected to the driven radial bearing (10   3) is provided on the pinion shaft (105, 106) behind the   Supported by the housing press plate (121) coated with great play   The multi-screw according to any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein   machine. 29. A power take-off device is formed airtight against vacuum and is slidable (1).   38) airtight connection to the processing part of the multi-screw machine via vacuum   The drive shaft (101) of the power take-off device slides into the power take-out device entrance.   29. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a ring seal.   A multi-screw machine according to any one of the preceding claims. 30. Conical shape in which the shaft coupling (123) is arranged substantially in the center in the vertical direction and in two rows in the radial direction.   Screw pin (124) having a tapered shape at both shaft ends.   Engage the annular groove, thereby clamping the shafts axially together,   At least one laminated ring group (125) is provided on the outer periphery of both ends of the hand.   30. The arrangement as a seal against jing.   A multi-screw machine according to any one of the preceding claims.

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page    (31) Priority claim number 19607644.1 (32) Priority date February 29, 1996 (Feb. 29, 1996) (33) Priority country Germany (DE) (31) Priority claim number 196076666.8 (32) Priority date February 29, 1996 (Feb. 29, 1996) (33) Priority country Germany (DE) (81) Designated country JP, US

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. It comprises two housings arranged coaxially and fixed between them.   Multiple transport mixing shafts are arranged around a common axis and in a fixed annulus.   The conveying and mixing shafts are supported on one side with a small play between   The shafts rotate in the same direction, are axially parallel and engage each other, so that the surface is processed.   Scrape each other and remove the surface with narrow play over its entire length.   Processing material is scraped from the surrounding housing teeth and the outer housing is   Equipped with inlet and material outlet, for example mixing, coloring and homogenizing viscous liquids and substances   Transport in multi-screw machines, especially with power take-offs   Material supply metered under positive pressure for the outer and inner annulus of the mixing shaft (3)   In the housing (1, 2) attached to the transport mixing shaft, the supply   It is performed through each hole (1c, 2c).   This is performed through a hole (9a) provided on the center axis of the view.   An opening is formed in the passage (9a), and the cross section of the collecting passage expands as the screw passes.   At the point of maximum cross-section, offset radially from the center axis,   The material supply (2b) to the inner housing (2) is further guided radially outward.   Multi-screw machine characterized by being performed inside this collecting passage (9a)   . 2. The outer and inner axle parts are supplied with partial quantities separated from one another,   Is 5: 1, 6: 2, etc. for a double thread screw, whereby   The sum of this ratio indicates the number of shafts, as opposed to 9:   The ratio is 3, 11: 5, etc., and half of the total of this ratio corresponds to the number of axes.   The multi-screw according to claim 1, characterized in that:   machine. 3. Inner housing (2) at both ends via involute teeth (2a, 2d)   The two housing end plates (6, 9) are fixed against rotation and positioned.   The multi-axial screw according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the screw is formed.   View machine. 4. With the drive after the power take-off device (16) is disconnected from the mixing shaft (3)   The guide pin (6c) that can be lifted and receives the reaction torque is removed.   After removal, the processed part can be taken out to the side.   The multi-screw machine according to claim 1. 5. Up to three screw threads below the upper screw start   At this time, a material inflow hole (1b) communicating with the outer annular portion is arranged, and the   ° Opposite the material overflow (1a) of the outer casing is arranged, especially at the same height   In position on the inner casing (2), against the material inlet (1b) for the outer annulus.   In the opposite direction, a unique material inlet (2a) for the inner annulus of the mixing shaft (3) is arranged.   The multi-axis screw according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein   -Machine. 6. Pinion in which the axial force of the transport mixing shaft is driven by a central drive shaft (25)   Through the shaft (22, 23) and its coated end cap (22b)   Transmitted to the coated pressing plate (25d) driven by the central shaft,   The thrust bearing (25e) in which this pressing plate is coaxially arranged with respect to the central shaft (25).   6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:   Shaft screw machine. 7. A circle in which the shaft coupling (3c) is arranged substantially in the center in the vertical direction and in two rows in the radial direction.   It is provided with a conical screw pin, and this screw pin is connected to both shaft ends (3f,   22f) into the tapered annular groove (3h, 22g), whereby the shaft is   The same threaded pin to secure this fitting   That the other screw hole (3g) for accommodating is arranged on the pinion shaft side.   The multi-screw machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: 8. At each height position where the height adjustable power take-off is adjusted,   8. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is self-locked and maintained.   A multi-screw machine according to claim 1. 9. A gear pump whose rotation speed is controlled is provided as a metering device.   The tooth width is the same ratio as the partial quantity to be conveyed and both gear pairs have one common inlet,   Housing disk with two separate outlets with the outlet side of the gear located between them   9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the parts are separated from each other.   A multi-screw machine according to claim 1. Ten. It comprises two housings arranged coaxially and fixed between them.   Multiple transport mixing shafts are arranged around a common axis and in a fixed annulus.   The conveying and mixing shafts are supported on one side with a small play between   The shafts rotate in the same direction, are axially parallel and engage each other, so that the surface is processed.   Scrape each other and remove the surface with narrow play over its entire length.   Processing material is scraped from the surrounding housing teeth and the outer housing is   Examples comprising an inlet and a material outlet, in particular as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.   For example, multi-screw machines for mixing, coloring and homogenizing viscous liquids and substances   In this case, the processing material is applied to the inner annular portion through the outer annular portion of the mixing shaft by positive pressure.   Multi-screw machine characterized by being supplied. 11． A fixed housing, fixed along the axis of the housing.   The conveying and mixing shafts, which are arranged with narrow play in the   Rolled, axially parallel and engaged with each other, the surfaces of which scratch the processing material together.   Workpiece from the teeth of the housing that surrounds the surface with a slight play   Scraping quality, especially viscous objects according to any one of claims 1 to 10   Color, degas and homogenize qualities, especially thermoplastic melts and high molecular weight polymers   Processing material in the multi-screw machine through the inner housing   It is supplied to the inner annular part of the transport mixing shaft, and the outer annular part,   The space between the take-out devices and the power take-out device are evacuated.   Shaft screw machine. 12． The discharge of the material from the individual transport mixing shafts takes place through holes along the axis of the transport mixing shaft.   This hole opens into one annular passage, the cross section of which passes through the axis.   It is therefore larger and is guided further at the maximum cross section, so that the material supply   12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step is performed inside a passage.   Multi-screw machine. 13. From the outlet end of the fixed inner housing, within the central area of the shaft annulus   A steerable rod heater is symmetrically located around the material inlet and the heater   The power supply line and the thermocouple wire are guided from the inner housing to the outside.   A multi-screw machine according to any one of the preceding claims. 14. More than the transfer capacity to adjust the thin layer thickness of the outer annular part of the transfer mixing shaft   14. The product according to claim 1, wherein the product is supplied to an inner annular portion.   The multi-screw machine according to any one of the preceding claims. 15． The vent opening is spaced apart from the transport mixing shaft over the entire length of the venting section.   The multi-axial slide according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein   Clew machine. 16． The radial supply pipe of the processing substance, which leads to the inner annular part of the transport mixing shaft,   The gas vent opening is formed in the outer annular portion of the transport mixing shaft further upstream.   The multi-screw screw according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the screw is used.   -Machine. 17． The diaphragm is formed as a disk composed of segments, and the inner diameter of this disk is at least   Reaches the center of the transport mixing shaft, and the core diameter of the transport mixing shaft is   Encircling the segment, which is held by an annular disk surrounding it,   A plate fixed to a mating pin of the outer housing.   A multi-screw machine according to any one of claims 1 to 16. 18． Intermediate chambers between the processing part and the power take-off device are each connected via one O-ring   This ring is sealed against a vacuum and closed by a slidable ring.   Is bolted to the machined part, so that at the joint half on the mixing shaft side   18. The screw pin according to claim 1, wherein the screw pin is operable.   A multi-screw machine according to any one of the preceding claims. 19. At least two labyrinth ring units are provided on both ends of the joint outer peripheral surface   The multi-axis disk according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein   Liu machine. 20. In the mixing and degassing range, the screw profile of the transport mixing shaft is   Diameter and the housing has a narrow play in this area with respect to this core diameter.   20. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the projections are formed to have   A multi-screw machine according to one. twenty one. With one fixed housing, around the horizontal axis of this housing   The screws are arranged with a narrow play in the fixed annular part,   The screws rotate in the same direction, are axially parallel and engage each other,   How to scrape the processed material together and surround the surface with a small play   Processing material from the teeth of the housing surrounded by the zing or surface   Take, especially a thermoplastic synthetic resin, especially according to any one of claims 1 to 20,   For melting, coloring, degassing and homogenizing high molecular weight polymers in solid form   In this machine, the two screws below the material inlet are arranged asymmetrically,   When the screw is a right-handed screw, the screw on the right   The outer diameter of the Liu is the core diameter (53   c) and both screws are fitted in the inlet (51g) with a roof-like filling piece (51n).   ), Whereby the lower width (51p) of the filling piece (51n) is   A machine characterized by being larger than the axial interval (51q) of the two screws below.   Machine. twenty two. The melt after the material inlet is formed by the two housings (54),   Of the housing is fitted with the bolt (56a), the fitting pin (56b) and the spacer bush.   Bolt (56c) or bolted together so that both   Between the housing halves (54) the evaporator ports (56d   ) Is caused by the spacer bush (56c), and the evaporation port is conically reduced.   Upstream housing portion (54b) and a downstream housing portion expanding conically   Minutes (56c) and overlapping.   A machine according to any one of the preceding claims. twenty three. The material inlet comprises two openings, which are separated in the machine longitudinal direction, and   Can be closed by slide valves separately from each other, especially when the screw is   An opening with a small pitch suitable for granules below the opening and located on the granule side   Characterized by having a pitch suitable for powder or beads below   A machine according to any one of the preceding claims. twenty four. A shaft coupling (5) is provided between the driven shaft of the power take-off device and the screw shaft on the inlet side.   3k), a sealing plate (51k) penetrating therethrough is provided.   A sealing means comprising a labyrinth ring that is radially elastic and axially closed   24. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first member is formed by (53e).   The machine according to any one of the preceding claims. twenty five. The pinion shafts (105, 106) arranged in the annular portion are one drive shaft at the center.   Drive according to (101), in particular according to any one of claims 1 to 24.   In a power take-off device for driving a multi-screw machine, a screw shaft   The pinion shafts (105, 106) that receive the axial force of   End cap (113) which is acted upon by an axial force.   To the coated pressure plate (114) that rotates with the drive shaft (101).   A thrust shaft which is in contact with and is coaxially arranged with respect to the drive shaft (101).   A power take-out device supported by a receiver (115). 26. At the same time, it engages the drive shaft (101) and the hollow wheel (107) surrounding it.   When the number of pinion shafts (105, 106) is less than 8, the hollow wheel   (107), and when the number is eight or more, by the drive shaft (101).   The power take-out device according to claim 25, wherein the power take-out device is driven. 27. Pinions (105, 106) shifted axially from each other coat their flat surfaces.   Engaged with the hollow wheel (107), which has a small play   The coated flat surface of the housing (109) of the power take-off device   27. The method according to claim 25, further comprising:   Power take-out device. 28. The coated pressure ring (120) is connected to the driven radial bearing (10   3) is provided on the pinion shaft (105, 106) behind the   Supported by the housing press plate (121) coated with great play   The power take-out device according to any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein   . 29. A power take-off device is formed airtight against vacuum and is slidable (1).   38) airtight connection to the processing part of the multi-screw machine via vacuum   The drive shaft (101) of the power take-off device slides into the power take-out device entrance.   29. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a ring seal.   The power take-out device according to any one of the above. 30. Conical shape in which the shaft coupling (123) is arranged substantially in the center in the vertical direction and in two rows in the radial direction.   Screw pin (124) having a tapered shape at both shaft ends.   Engage the annular groove, thereby clamping the shafts axially together,   At least one laminated ring group (125) is provided on the outer periphery of both ends of the hand.   30. The arrangement as a seal against jing.   The power take-out device according to any one of the above.