JP2000505144A - Waterproof membrane - Google Patents

Abstract

A process of providing a waterproof concrete structure comprising the steps of(a) providing a layer of a concrete composition on a support;(b) spraying on to this concrete composition a waterproofing layer; and(c) applying to the waterproofing layer a further layer of a concrete composition;characterized in that the waterproofing layer is provided by a composition which comprises an aqueous dispersion of coalescable particles of thermoplastic polymer. The method is useful in the waterproofing of tunnel linings.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION                                 Waterproof membrane   The present invention relates to a membrane for use in waterproofing cementitious structures.   Tunnel construction by drilling and drilling and subsequent shot leaching It is often necessary to provide waterproofing for such cement-type structure equipment. This This typically involves installing drainage or first cement, microcement, And crack the rock with a substance such as reactive resin and then a layer of shotcrete It is done by making. Apply a waterproof film to this layer and apply a Apply additional layers of concrete or in-situ made concrete. Waterproof membrane , Typically of a waterproof polymeric material installed, for example, instead of anchor bolts It is a prefab seat. Thus, the result is a "sandwich" structure. is there If necessary, place an additional layer of reinforced (fibre or mesh) concrete in place It may be applied by placing or spraying and also this reinforcement May be included in the final concrete coating.   In addition to such labor-intensive methods, existing membranes are fully satisfactory, especially with regard to leaks. The fact that it wasn't a good thing led to the search for alternatives. Recently, to a suitable film An attempt was made to spray. These are made using two packs of polyurethane However, application is complicated, toxicity problems (isocyanate curing agent), wet Disadvantages, such as the problem of bonding to Inhibition of tan formation hinders realization of the obvious potential benefits of this type of method I have been.   Appropriate by means of avoiding most or even all of the disadvantages mentioned here It has been discovered that a membrane can be provided. Thus, according to the present invention, The following steps:   (A) setting a first layer of a concrete composition on a support;   (B) spraying a waterproofing layer on the concrete composition;   (C) applying a layer of the concrete composition to the waterproof layer; A method for providing a waterproof concrete structure comprising: Provided by a composition comprising an aqueous dispersion of coalesced particles of a thermoplastic polymer. A method is provided.   Furthermore, the present invention relates to an adhesive intermediate polymerization in which the binder is a united particle of a thermoplastic polymer. Waterproof sandwich concrete containing two concrete layers separated by layers Provide a seat structure.   "Support" refers to the untreated, untreated, concrete structure to which the waterproof concrete structure of the present invention is applied. Means a water-permeable surface. This is usually a rough rock surface, but for example a ceiling Such an artificial surface may be used. Concrete of steps (a) and (c) above The compositions can be the same or different. Concrete composition of the first layer (a) In the case of objects, this term applies to simple concrete compositions (cooling spray or Not only prefabricated) but also horizontal or spray mortar (up to 4mm) It is meant to include various known concretes with a clear layer.   "Binder" means a material that, when dried, forms a tacky continuous film. By "plastic" is meant a material that does not react to form a crosslinked structure. "Particles" are suspension or emulsion particles that form a film. Therefore, excluding the continuous medium in which they are dispersed, it is at least partially continuous viscous. Means particles that change to a deposited film. Thus, the polymer dispersions useful in the present invention are Used as a film-forming medium in, for example, aqueous "emulsions" household paints. The properties are similar to the film-forming aqueous dispersions obtained. Thermoplastic compound Includes compositions comprising somatic particles and cement.   An aqueous dispersion of coalescable thermoplastic polymer particles is selected from a wide range of materials known in the art. Again, the nature of the polymer itself is not important. Thus, for example, a suitable polymer Are polyurethane, polyester, vinyl and acrylic. Especially suitable Rimmer is an addition polymer obtained from ethylenically unsaturated monomer by addition polymerization. is there. Particularly suitable materials from this group are those which remain "elastic" under the conditions of use. With a high glass transition temperature (Tg) and a particularly favorable elastoplasticity You. Tg is preferably 15 ° C or lower, more preferably -15 ° C or lower. Such a minute The heavy solids content of the powder is in the range of 30-60%. For specific examples of suitable materials, see Urethane, styrene-butadiene copolymer, ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene Ene-styrene) polymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer, Tylene-acrylic copolymer, polysulfide dispersion, polyurethane-acrylic component Powder, latex of polyisoprene and PVC and vinyl chloride and / or Is acrylic, such as vinyl acetate and (meth) acrylic acid and its esters Copolymers with monomers are included. Use materials such as bitumen emulsions with these materials May be used together, but if these materials do not coalesce, 50% of the solid weight of the binder Don't contain more. This list is not exhaustive, but Those skilled in the art will readily find other suitable materials. That Many materials are marketed, such as the trademark "Acronal" And sold by Synthomer under the trademark "Synthomer" Includes items sold.   In addition to the aqueous dispersion, the composition contains other ingredients. One particularly useful ingredient is filling Agent. This not only "stretches" the composition but also roughens the surface and then Gives a "grainy" appearance to the cementitious composition used. That it exists Is preferred. Typical examples of suitable fillers are quartz sand and average diameters of 0.04-1.5 mm. Diameter quartz powder, and dolomite, talc, mica, barite, iron oxide, titanium Mudoxide, rubber and resin particles, lightweight aggregates and "holosphere" Contains una glass-like furnace residue. Fibers of iron, glass or polymerizable materials are also used, Preferred examples of synthetic fibers are those of thermoplastic materials, especially polyethylene and polyethylene. Liacrylonitrile, preferably 0.2-12 mm in length and 6-8 M in surface area^Two / G.   Art-recognized amounts of standard ingredients may be added to the compositions of the present invention. Typical examples of additives that are advantageously present are glidants, defoamers, dispersants , Colorants, wetting agents, rheology modifiers and rheology catalysts. Presence of filler If not present, the compositions for use according to the invention consist of 100% dispersion. As desired More preferably, the additive is up to 5%, preferably 0.1-5% by weight (based on the weight of the liquid dispersion) Calculated based on the added active ingredient). If filler is present (preferred Composition) preferably comprises 20-80% (more preferably 30-50%) by weight Dispersion, 79.9-15% (more preferably 69.9-15%) filler by weight, and weight With 0.1-5% additive.   The weight of the dispersion is the weight of the liquid dispersion and the weight of the additives is the weight of the active ingredient. You.   The composition is sprayed onto the first layer concrete and applied. This is preferably Gut cleats, but other suitable cementitious materials such as polymer concrete It may be a composition. The applicable membrane layer depends on the thickness and the material used. And desired properties (such as crack crosslinking ability) vary, but generally And a thickness of 2 to 15 mm, preferably 2 to 6 mm. Apply once spray or several times Made by spray. The sprayed composition may be added to a further cementitious composition. Layer, preferably shotcrete, is applied by spraying. The result is "San A "sandwich" structure. Such a "sandwich" structure is preferred The method is described below.   A preferred change is a change in A. In the first layer, a horizontal model 2-15 mm thick Lutar can be applied to it. The membrane is applied 1-90 days after application of the concrete. Can spray. Disperse if spray is always within 3 days after application of concrete The added benefit is that the water in the material aids in the hydration of the cement. First layer concrete If the sample is left for a longer period (3-60 days), the surface must be washed with water. This removes only the residue and pre-shaves the surface to improve the adhesion of the film. As above And apply it once or several times with a suitable break, dry and / or Performs curing. One or more spray layers in a multi-layer approach Contains glass, iron, ceramic or polymer reinforced fibers; Reinforcement in the form of mash or roving can be applied to membranes that are still wet, The modification is effected by a further layer of membrane.   The structure thus formed has excellent waterproofness and excellent water vapor permeability. In addition, it allows the trapped water to escape through the membrane, avoiding interface failure. In addition, it is durable, secure, easy to apply and relatively inexpensive.   The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in which all parts are given by weight. However, the present invention is not limited at all.   Many compositions are made by mixing together the following combinations of ingredients:Example 1     Polymer dispersion¹                    30 copies     Barite 27 parts     42.5 parts of calcium carbonate     0.5 parts of titanium dioxide     1. 50% by weight of styrene-acrylic ester copolymer emulsion solids ("       Acronal ”(trademark) S361 (released by BASF)Example 2     Polymer dispersion^Two                    40 parts     55 parts of calcium carbonate     Defoamer^Three                            2 copies     Dispersant^Four                          One copy     Pigment^Five                              2 copies     2. "Acronal" S361     3. "BYK-035" Byk Chemie launched, hydrophobicity in paraffin-based mineral oil       Mixture of ingredients     4. Launched "Dye Dispersant A" BASF, ammonium polyacrylate 20% aqueous solution         liquid     5. Launched black iron oxide "Bayferrox" (trademark) 316 BayerExample 3     Polymer dispersion⁶                     50 copies     Barite 48 parts     Defoamer⁷                             One copy     Dispersant⁸                             One copy     6. "Acronal" 6210 (styrene-acrylic ester copolymer)     7. Launched "Agitan" (TM) 731 Munzing Chemie GmbH, Modified Organoshiro        Xan     8. "Dye dispersant A"Example 4     Polymer dispersion⁹                    40 parts     32 parts of calcium carbonate     Defoamer^Ten                           2 copies   Dye dispersant¹¹                        0.5 parts     Pigment¹²                            0.5 parts     Barite 22 parts     One piece of 0.5mm length acrylic fiber     9. "Acronal" S361     10.BYK-035     11. "Dye dispersant A"     12. Red iron oxide "Bayferrox" 105MExample 5     Polymer dispersion¹³                   60 parts     40 parts of calcium carbonate     13.Styrene-butadiene-acryl ester copolymer emulsion solid        53% by weight ("Synthomer" 33y20 (Synthomer released))Example 6     Example of mixing system (polymer dispersion + cement)     Polymer dispersion¹⁴                           55 parts     Portland cement 14.8 parts     8 pieces of 0.1-0.4mm quartz sand     Quartz powder 22 parts     Average length 0.2 mm polyethylene fiber 0.2 parts     14.Acrylic ester-acrylonitrile copolymer emulsion solid 55        % By weight ("Acronal" DS6137X)Example 7     Polymer monodispersion¹⁵                           35 parts     Polyethylene / polypropylene fiber 1.5 parts     Barite 48 parts     Hollow glass sphere 10 parts     5.5 parts of waterTesting the composition   The compositions according to Examples 2 and 3 were sized to a size of 500 × 500 to give a 2 mm film. Spray on a × 40mm concrete plate. Table 1 shows the results.       1. Measured according to DIN / ISO 4624       2.Measured according to DIN 53504       3.Measured according to DIN 53504       4.Measured according to DIN 53515       5.Measured according to DIN 62617   The ability of the composition of the present invention to cross-link cracks depends on the thickness of the deposited film. In the present invention The excellent crack cross-linking ability of the composition described above can be used as a general measuring machine for the composition of Example 2. Indicated by tests by In this method, columnar concrete (diameter 5Omm, Thickness 30mm) Specimen is continuously slanted at a rate of 0.1mm / min in concrete by machine. To be able to crack. Crack width in concrete It is measured at the point when is completely spread. Table 2 shows the results.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. (A) setting a first layer of a concrete composition on a support;     (B) spraying a waterproofing layer on the concrete composition;     (C) further applying a layer of a concrete composition to the waterproof layer;   A method for providing a waterproof concrete structure comprising the steps of: Provided by a composition comprising an aqueous dispersion of coalesced particles of a thermoplastic polymer. The above method, characterized in that: 2. Additions in which thermoplastic polymers are produced by the polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is a polymer. 3. Polymer remains in "rubbery" condition under use conditions 3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2 having such a glass transition temperature (Tg). 4. The polymer has some elastomeric propertise A method according to any of claims 1-3. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymer has a Tg of 15 ° C. or less. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the Tg is -15C or lower. 7. 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises one or both of a filler and an additive. The method according to any of the above. 8. 20 to 80% by weight of the dispersion, 79.9 to 15% by weight of a filler, and 0.1 to 5% The method according to claim 7, consisting of a weight percent additive. 9. Comprising two concrete layers separated by a sticky intermediate polymer layer; A waterproof sandwich container in which the binder of the coalescing layer is coalesced particles of a thermoplastic polymer. Cleat structure.