JPH06146798A - Waterproof method of tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enhance the construction efficiency and safety by using polyurethane elastomer composition as a quick hardening solution which consists of a polyisocyanate as a major agent and a polyol and a polyamide as a hardener. CONSTITUTION:A tunnel body 2 is excavated in a bedrock 1, and primary lining concrete 3 is sprayed to the inside thereof. After that, quick hardening solution mixing a main agent with a hardener is sprayed to the inside thereof to form a waterproofing as a lining. In addition, secondary lining concrete is sprayed to the inside of the waterproofing as a lining. In the stage of work, polyurethane elastomer composition as a quick hardening solution, preferably, polyurethane polyurea elastomer composition should be employed. An organic polyisocyanate component is contained in the main agent, and preferably, polyole, polyamine and catalyst are contained in the hardener. According to the constitution, in the case of execution, liquid feeding speed is accelerated, recycling can be made in a odorless state, and an anti-sagging agent is not required.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

[Industrial application field] The disclosed technology belongs to the field of construction technology for tunnels such as railways and motorways provided in mountainous areas.

[0002]

As is well known, industrial prosperity largely depends on the advanced development of various science and technology, but there is a network of railways and motorways nationwide in both urban and rural areas. In addition to the transportation of people and goods, the nationwide network of railways and motorways plays an extremely important role not only as a means of transmitting information in recent years.

By the way, in Japan, which is surrounded by the sea and has a very small land area as an island nation, the plain area occupies a small area, and the complicated mountainous area approaches a complicated coastline. Yes, and therefore, there are unavoidable special conditions for laying a national network of railways and motorways inevitably with more tunnels.

[0004] Further, not only is it necessary to provide tunnels in many mountainous areas in order to construct railways and roads simply as means for connecting urban areas and rural areas, but even in urban areas,
In order to construct a railway or road so as to squeeze between the complicated buildings and various facilities, a tunnel must be provided, and in addition to excavating the tunnel main body in the ground primarily, It is necessary to provide a tunnel or a structure similar to a tunnel through various facilities. Therefore, the tunnel construction technology in Japan has been researched and developed for various excellent construction methods for practical use.

Therefore, the tunnel construction technology in Japan has various problems to be solved at the present time when it is basically completed, and various technologies are still being studied from the viewpoint of architectural engineering and civil engineering.

Therefore, when excavating a tunnel in the ground, it is necessary to deal with leakage of water from the ground, freezing of groundwater, etc.
In addition to the safety in constructing the tunnel, it is necessary to carry out efficient construction and to maintain the function of the tunnel as designed after completion.

In general, in constructing a tunnel, as shown in FIG. 3, after excavating a tunnel body 2 in a predetermined manner from a natural ground 1, a primary winding is performed on an inner surface (inner side surface) of the tunnel body 2. Immerse water in the tunnel of groundwater by spraying the conrete 3 and impermeable (including fibrous depending on the design) waterproof sheet 4 is lined and attached to prevent it from freezing. The construction process of lining the secondary roll-up concentrate 5 was adopted.

[0008]

However, as shown in FIG. 4, the lining of the waterproof sheet 4 is a waterproof sheet 4 ', which is produced by factory production of a plurality of units.
4 '... To show the whole area covering state of FIG.
As shown in, the unit waterproof sheets 4 ', 4' ... The mutual joint portions 6 overlap each other in a watertight state, and
It is necessary to fix it via the anchor pin 7 in order to fix it to the primary roll-up conduit 3, and there is a drawback that performing the work manually is extremely complicated,
Moreover, since it is necessary to construct it in a watertight state as designed, it requires a high degree of skill in the work, and the process is complicated and inefficient, so general-purpose jigs cannot be used. Therefore, there was a problem that construction in a narrow tunnel could not be effectively performed.

Although it is theoretically possible to install a lining construction device in the narrow tunnel main body 2, there is a disadvantage in that the cost is increased, and therefore, a worker-man-made tactical construction is performed. Therefore, there is a disadvantage that the construction accuracy is not improved and the safety cannot be fully considered.

Therefore, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-19683.
As disclosed in the invention of Japanese Patent Publication, a technique has been developed in which an aqueous solution of a polymerizable monomer is sprayed on the inner surface of the primary roll-up concentrate 3 and is cured over time to lining the waterproof layer.

However, the lining by hardening over time through spraying on the primary roll-up reel 3 of the aqueous solution of the polymerizable monomer causes the mist generation, dripping, icicles, etc. in the narrow tunnel body 2 during its construction. However, there is a drawback that the workability in the tunnel body 2 is impaired and the work environment is deteriorated due to the constant occurrence.

To deal with this, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-1
As shown in Japanese Patent No. 37182, a technique for suppressing such mist generation, suppressing icicle generation from the ceiling surface, and preventing sag has been developed and put into practical use, but FIG.
As shown in, the primary roll-up conlute 3 in the tunnel body 2
In order to line the waterproof layer 4 ″ on the inner surface of the NA, the agent A as the main agent 9 and the agent B as the curing agent 10 are mixed in the spraying device, and sprayed from the nozzle device 11 for spraying.
In the construction mode using the TM method, the polymer used is the agent A in which an oxidizing agent for the redox polymerization catalyst (for example, sodium persulfate) is added to the aqueous solution of magnesium acrylate, and the agent B is a curing agent. As 10, an aqueous solution of magnesium acrylate to which a reducing agent for a redox polymerization catalyst (for example, Elbit N) is added is used.

Although the construction using the NATM method has the above-mentioned various merits, on the other hand, since the A liquid 9 containing sodium persulfate as the material to be used is unstable in the usage mode, it is used at the construction site. In addition, there is a problem that the raw materials of the main agent and the curing agent need to be blended together, of course, strict quality control is required, there is a demerit that the work is extremely complicated, and there is a slight odor. There was also the inconvenience that the working environment deteriorated, and there was the inadequacy that it was not possible to store the compounded solution of the base compound 9 for a long period of time.

From the viewpoint of reaction, dripping is certainly prevented, but addition of an anti-sagging agent is required. From this point also, the compounding work is complicated, and the liquid feeding speed in the nozzle device 11 is There was a problem that the flow rate was as small as 3 to 5 l / min, construction efficiency could not be improved, and it was difficult to use in cold regions and cold seasons because it was an aqueous solution.

From the viewpoint of the physical properties of the formed elastomer, the tensile strength is about 11 kgf / cm ² , which is extremely weak, and is not sufficient for maintaining the tension of the lined waterproof layer 4 ″ with time. There is a downside.

Further, the tear strength is 5 kgf / cm.
Medium and extremely low, lined waterproof layer 4 "
Has the disadvantage that it is difficult to maintain

In addition to the above, the result data of repeated construction results shows that the so-called rubber physical properties such as abrasion resistance (scratch resistance) hardness, adhesion to the primary roll-up concentrate 3, chemical resistance, etc. are extremely low, and are conventionally used. It is much inferior to the factory-produced waterproof sheet 4, and therefore, the number of times of spraying must be repeated because the thickness of the waterproof layer to be formed needs to be large, and therefore the material is There was a demerit that the cost and the number of processes increased and the construction period was unavoidable.

[0018]

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention of the present application is to provide a fast-curing polyurethane elastomer composition for lining a waterproof layer on the inner surface of a primary roll-up continuous crepe according to the construction of a tunnel such as a railway or an automobile road based on the above-mentioned prior art. Proposal of NATM method which has various advantages by making full use of the merit of spraying by instantly forming a tough waterproof layer by spraying, and an excellent tunnel construction method that benefits the field of civil engineering application in the construction industry. Is intended to be provided.

[0019]

Means for Solving the Problems The inventors have found that the above-mentioned problems are caused by using a rapid-curing polyurethane polyurea composition as a film-forming component and spraying it on a primary roll-up concrete surface using a two-liquid mixing type spraying device. I found a solution.

That is, the invention of this application uses a urethane prepolymer (partial prepolymer) containing an organic polyisocyanate or a free organic polyisocyanate which is a reaction product of an excess of an organic polyisocyanate and a polyol as a main component. , A polyol as a curing agent, an aromatic polyamine, a catalyst, and optionally a plasticizer, a stabilizer,
An active hydrogen compound component reactive with isocyanate including a filler is used.

Then, the fast-curing polyurethane polyurea composition was sprayed onto the surface of the primary roll-up concrete using a two-liquid mixing type spraying device, and within a few seconds to several tens of seconds, there was no sagging, and the tensile strength, tear strength and primary strength were uniform. This is a tunnel waterproof method in which a waterproof film with excellent adhesion to the concrete surface is formed. Examples of the organic polyisocyanate used as the main component of the fast-curing polyurethane polyurea composition of the method of the invention of this application include hexamethylene-1.6-diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate,
Tetramethyl xylylene diisocyanate, Tolylene-
2.4-diisocyanate, tolylene-2.6-diisocyanate, and mixtures of these isomers, diphenylmethane-2.4'-diisocyanate, and / or diphenylmethane-4.4'-diisocyanate, polyphenyl-polymethylene poly Normal temperature liquid diphenylmethane diisocyanate obtained by heating isocyanate and diphenylmethane-4.4'-diisocyanate together with a carbodiimide-forming catalyst to convert a part of the isocyanate into carbodiimide can be mentioned.

Partial prepolymers containing free polyisocyanates obtained by the reaction of these organic polyisocyanates and polyols are also preferably used.

Of the above-mentioned organic polyisocyanates, preferred in the process of the invention of this application are aromatic polyisocyanates, in particular diphenylmethane-2.4'-diisocyanate and / or diphenylmethane-4.4'-.
Diisocyanate or carbodiimide-modified diphenylmethane diisocyanate is preferred.

The polyol used for producing the partial prepolymer used as the main component (obtained by reacting an excess of organic polyisocyanate with a polyol) is
Polyoxypropylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 800 to 5,000, triol, polyoxyethylene-
Polyoxypropylene glycol or triol,
Examples thereof include polytetramethylene ether glycol, polypropylene-polytetramethylene ether glycol, polyester polyol, castor oil and the like. Among these, polyoxypropylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 900 to 4000, triol, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene glycol, or triol is particularly preferable.

An organic polyisocyanate represented by diphenylmethane-2.4 'and / or -4.4'-diisocyanate or a carbodiimide-modified diphenylmethane diisocyanate is reacted with the above polyol to produce an isocyanate-excess partial prepolymer. In order to produce the above, the partial prepolymer obtained by charging and reacting so that the equivalent ratio of the isocyanate group of the organic polyisocyanate and the OH group of the polyol is in the range of 3 to 30 has a low viscosity. Is preferred.

In the method of the invention of this application,
As the polyol used in the curing agent, similar to the polyol used in the production of the partial prepolymer of the main agent, polyoxypropylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 800 to 5000, or triol, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol, Or, triol, polytetramethylene ether glycol, polypropylene-
Polytetramethylene ether glycol, polyester polyol, polycaprolactone polyol, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene glycol, or
Examples thereof include polymer polyols obtained by graft-polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated compound such as acrylonitrile and styrene to triol, 1.2 or 1.4-polybutadiene polyol, castor oil, and mixtures thereof. Above all, especially, the average molecular weight of 800 to 400
Polyoxypropylene glycol of 0, triol, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene glycol, triol, polytetramethylene ether glycol or the like is preferable.

The aromatic polyamine used in the curing agent of the invention of this application is preferably an aromatic diamine having no substituent such as an electrophilic halogen, ester or nitro group which reduces the reactivity with isocyanate. is there.

For example, 2.4- and 2.6-diaminotoluene, 2.4'- and / or -4.4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 1.3- and 1.4-phenylene. Diamine, naphthylene-1.5-diamine, polyphenyl-polymethylene polyamine obtained by aniline-formaldehyde condensation, 1.3-diethyl-
2.4-Diaminobenzene, 1-methyl-3.5-diethyl-2,4-diaminobenzene, 1-methyl-3.5
-Diethyl-2.6-diaminobenzene and mixtures thereof, 3.3'-5.5'-tetraisopropyl-
Examples include 4.4'-diaminodiphenylmethane and the like.
These aromatic polyamines can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.

The catalyst used in the method of the invention of this application is tin octoate, tin 2-ethylhexoate, tin laurate, tin maleate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dioctyltin dilaurate, lead octoate, lead 2-ethyl. Organometallic catalysts such as hexoate, lead naphthenate, bismuth octoate, bismuth neodecanoate and the like can be mentioned. These organometallic catalysts can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.

The amount of the catalyst used is preferably 0.01 to 5% by weight based on the total amount of the main agent and the curing agent.

As other auxiliaries used for the curing agent, a plasticizer, a stabilizer, a filler and the like are added as required.

As the plasticizer, dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl adipate, tricresyl phosphate, butylbenzyl phthalate, chlorinated paraffin and the like are used.

As the filler, carbon black,
Examples thereof include calcium carbonate, talc, kaolin, zeolite, siliceous earth, and glass fiber.

As the stabilizer, trade name Tinuvin P, 32 is used.
7,328 (manufactured by Ciba Geigy) and other benzotriazole-based UV absorbers, hanol amine stabilizers such as Sanol LS-770,744, Tinuvin 144 (manufactured by Ciba Geigy), and Irganox 1010,10
Hindered phenolic antioxidants such as 76 (manufactured by Ciba-Geigy) and Yoshinox BHT (Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical) are used.

[0035]

A two-pack type high-pressure spray device is used to spray the rapid-curing polyurethane polyurea composition liquid.

As an example of the apparatus, the liquid pressure is about 100.
A type capable of preheating the material by increasing the pressure to kgf / cm ² is desirable.
There is a 00 type (nozzle is a two-liquid collision mixing type), a unipreg 41-2D type (nozzle is a static mixer type) manufactured by Otokuni Unipre Co., and the like.

Using these devices, the main agent and the curing agent are sent from the respective tanks to the head through a metering pump while being mechanically quantified, and are sent from the mixing nozzle at a high feed rate of 10 l / min on average. Spray on the primary rolled concrete surface.

The mixing ratio of the main agent and the curing agent is such that the ratio of the total equivalent of the isocyanate group of the main agent, the hydroxyl group of the polyol of the curing agent and the amino group of the aromatic polyamine is 0.8 to 1.2 (preferably 0). It is preferably in the range of 0.9 to 1.1).

Since the waterproof layer formed by spraying cures instantly, it does not require a dripping preventive agent and can be used in cold regions of 0 ° C. or less. The physical properties of the rubber of the formed waterproof layer are tensile strength. 100 kgf / cm ² or more, elongation rate 200 to 6
00% (adjustable), tear strength of 50 kgf / cm and great abrasion resistance (scratch resistance), hardness and chemical resistance,
It has the same performance as the tarpaulin of conventional factory products, no seam allowance is required, it has smooth continuity, sufficient sealing properties, and the lining of the secondary roll-up concrete in the next stage is also reliable. It is a technical measure that is made possible.

[0040]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, an embodiment of the invention of this application is shown in FIGS.
The explanation is as follows.

The same parts as those in FIG. 3 and subsequent figures will be described using the same reference numerals.

In FIG. 1, first, the tunnel body 2 is dug into the ground 1 in a predetermined manner in the same manner as in the conventional manner, and then the primary winding concrete 3 is sprayed on the inner surface of the ground body 2 for lining. A rail 13 is laid on the bottom surface 12 of the tunnel body 2, and a frame-shaped guide rail 15 having a wheel 14 is formed on each rail 13 in a manner similar to the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel body 2 by carrying in parts produced in advance in a factory. Then, a drive device 16 is provided so that it can travel vertically within the tunnel body 2 via the rail 13, and further, the guide rail 15
A nozzle device 17 having a nozzle 11 (suitably equipped with an oscillating device) is set on the guide rail 15, and a quick-drying membrane liquid unit 17 'is installed on the guide rail 15.

The rapid-curing solution unit 17 'will be explained by taking an H-200 type machine 22 manufactured by Gasmer Co. as an example, as shown in FIG. 2, and the drum 9 containing the main agent and the drum 10 containing the curing agent are shown. Each of them is kept at a predetermined temperature by a band heater, and is transferred to a transfer pump 19 for H-20.
Pump to 00 type machine. A proportion pump 20 inside 22 supplies a main component and a curing agent at a constant ratio, and the liquid is heated by a primary heater 21 and pressure-fed to a nozzle device 17 via a heater hose 23, and the nozzle 11
It is possible to spray the rapid hardening solution onto the inner surface of the primary roll-up concrete 3.

As the main component of the fast curing solution, for example, a partial prepolymer having a viscosity of 830 cps / 25 ° C., which is a reaction product of excess diphenylmethane-4,4 ′ diisocyanate and polypropylene ether triol having an average molecular weight of 3000, is used. An average molecular weight of 200 as a curing agent
A mixture of polyethylene-polypropylene ether glycol of 0, 1-methyl-3,5 diethyldiaminobenzene, and a trace amount of dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst (viscosity 400 cps / 25 ° C.) in a volume ratio of the main agent to the curing agent of 1: 1.
When used in, the liquid transfer speed to the inner surface of the primary roll-up concrete 3 is extremely high at 10 l / min, and the waterproof layer 4 ″ having a uniform film thickness is formed by rapid curing, and of course, There is no seam, and the spraying to the entire area is performed by swinging the nozzle device 17 and the guide rail 1 by the drive device 16.
No. 5 in the vertical running along the rail 13 of No. 5 provides a uniform film thickness without corners.

According to the experiment, a waterproof layer having a uniform film thickness of 2 mm was formed, which was cured within 5 seconds after spraying and had no sagging.

The physical properties of the cured coating film were as follows.

Hardness 85 Tensile strength 117 kgf / cm ² Elongation 430% Tear strength 55 kgf / cm Adhesive strength with primary concrete surface 20 kgf / cm ² These rubber physical properties are much higher than those of polyacrylic acid elastomer, and are conventionally used. The physical properties of the waterproof sheet are almost the same as that of the conventional waterproof sheet. Therefore, spraying by a plurality of steps for increasing the thickness of the conventional waterproof layer of polyacrylic acid elastomer is not necessary.

The embodiment of the invention of this application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and for example, the primary roll-up concrete is sprayed before the quick-drying film liquid of polyurethane elastomer is sprayed on the inner surface of the primary roll-up concrete. Various modes such as appropriately forming an uneven surface on the inner surface and spraying on the surface can be adopted.

Further, the target tunnel is not limited to tunnels such as railways and motorways in mountainous areas, but can be applied to the case where tunnels are constructed in various structures in urban areas. Is.

[0050]

As described above, according to the invention of this application, basically, when constructing a railway or an automobile road in a mountain area, a tunnel main body is excavated in the natural ground, and a primary rolled concrete is formed on the inner surface thereof. Then, a fast-curing solution containing a mixture of a main agent and a curing agent is sprayed onto the inner surface of the primary roll-up concrete, and cured over time to form a waterproof layer by lining a waterproof layer of a predetermined thickness in all areas without any corners. Then, at the time of lining the secondary rolled concrete on the inner surface of the waterproof layer, a quick-curing solution is used, a polyurethane polyurea elastomer composition is used, and a polyisocyanate component is contained in the main component, and the curing agent is Due to the inclusion of the polyol and polyamine components, the construction workability is low even though the polyurethane polyurea elastomer composition is organic when used in tunnel construction by the NATM method. And, moreover, may be Fukitsukere using as two-liquid mixing type spraying device factory production product,
It does not require pre-blending of raw materials at the construction site or quality control of blended products, and it does not deteriorate the working environment because it is odorless when used, and it is possible to recycle raw materials in cold regions,
It is possible to use even in the cold season, and moreover, the liquid feeding speed to the nozzle is high, and the excellent workability can be improved.

Further, the lined waterproof layer is cured in a few seconds, has sufficient tensile strength, has a high elongation rate, is adjustable, and has sufficiently high tear strength. Therefore, the durability of the waterproof layer is high. It also has the effect of adding to the function of the tunnel after construction, and wear resistance, scratch resistance, hardness,
Rubber properties such as concrete adhesion resistance and chemical resistance are dramatically higher than those of conventional polyacrylic acid elastomers, and are equivalent to the physical properties of traditional waterproof sheets, and a waterproof layer made of polyacrylic acid elastomer. It has an excellent effect that sufficient waterproof layer characteristics can be exhibited by a single spraying operation without requiring a moderate thickness.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a construction sectional view of the invention of this application.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a mixing plant for a quick-curing solution.

FIG. 3 is a general sectional view of tunnel construction.

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a lining through a seam of a waterproof sheet unit based on the conventional technology.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a waterproof sheet lining by spraying a quick-drying film liquid based on the conventional technique.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Ground 2 Tunnel main body 3 Primary winding Contour 4 '' Tarpaulin 9 Base agent 10 Curing agent 11 Nozzle 12 Bottom surface 13 Rail 14 Wheel 15 Guide rail 16 Drive device 17 Nozzle device 17 'Mixing plant of rapid hardening solution 18 Band Heater 19 Transfer pump 20 Proportion pump 21 Primary heater 22 Gasmer H-2000 23 Heater hose

Front Page Continuation (72) Inventor Hayashisaku Aizawa 337-6 Nakano, Fuji City (72) Inventor Takeo Aoki 2-19-37 Hiyoshi, Kohoku Ward, Yokohama City

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A tunnel main body is excavated in the ground, and then a primary roll-up concentrate is sprayed onto the inner surface of the tunnel main body, and then a fast-curing solution containing a main agent and a curing agent is sprayed onto the inner surface of the primary roll-up concentrate. In a waterproofing method for a tunnel, in which a waterproof layer is formed by lining and a secondary roll-cone is laid on the inner surface of the waterproof layer, a polyurethane elastomer composition is used as the fast-curing solution. Construction method. 2. The tunnel waterproofing method according to claim 1, wherein a polyurethane polyurea elastomer composition is used as the polyurethane elastomer composition. 3. A waterproofing method for a tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the main component contains an organic polyisocyanate component. 4. The waterproofing method for a tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the curing agent contains a polyol, a polyamine, and a catalyst.