JP2000330308A - Dispersion liquid for electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic method, electrophotographic device and process cartridge for the device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a stable electrophotographic photoreceptor having high sensitivity and not causing the lowering of electrification properties even by repetitive use by incorporating a titanyl phthalocyanine pigment giving a specified Raman spectrum. SOLUTION: The dispersion liquid for the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a titanyl phthalocyanine pigment having a basic structure of the formula and exhibiting absorption peaks or shoulder at 483±2 cm-1 and 487±2 cm-1 in its Raman spectrum measured with a light source which emits excitation light of 1,064 nm. In the formula, X1-X4 are each halogen and (n), (m), (l) and (k) are each 0-4. The ratio (I487/I483) of intensity (I487) at 487±2 cm-1 to intensity (I483) at 483±2 cm-1 in the Raman spectrum of the dispersion liquid is <=0.3. The titanyl phthalocyanine pigment also exhibits absorption peaks at 1,450±2 cm-1, 1,301±2 cm-1, 1,102±2 cm-1 and 1,005±2 cm-1.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a dispersion for an electrophotographic photosensitive member using a phthalocyanine crystal giving a specific Raman spectrum. Further, the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member using a phthalocyanine crystal giving a specific Raman spectrum. Further, the present invention relates to an electrophotographic method, an electrophotographic apparatus, and an electrophotographic process cartridge using a phthalocyanine-containing photoreceptor giving a specific Raman spectrum.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the development of information processing systems using electrophotography has been remarkable. In particular, optical printers that convert information into digital signals and record information with light have significantly improved print quality and reliability. This digital recording technology is applied not only to printers but also to ordinary copying machines, and so-called digital copying machines have been developed. In addition, a copier equipped with the digital recording technology in a conventional analog copier is expected to be increasingly demanded in the future because various information processing functions are added.

At present, semiconductor lasers (LDs) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that are small, inexpensive and highly reliable have been widely used as light sources for optical printers. The emission wavelength of currently used LEDs is 660 nm, and L
The emission wavelength range of D is in the near infrared region. Therefore, development of an electrophotographic photosensitive member having high sensitivity from a visible light region to a near infrared light region is desired.

The photosensitive wavelength range of an electrophotographic photosensitive member is almost determined by the photosensitive wavelength range of a charge generating substance used in the photosensitive member. Therefore, many charge generation substances such as various azo pigments, polycyclic quinone pigments, trigonal selenium, various phthalocyanine pigments, etc. have been developed. Among them, titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) described in JP-A-3-35064, JP-A-3-35245, JP-A-3-37669, JP-A-3-269064, JP-A-7-319179 and the like are exemplified. Abbreviated) is 600-8
Since it shows high sensitivity to long-wavelength light of 00 nm, it is extremely important and useful as a material for a photoreceptor for an electrophotographic printer or digital copying machine in which the light source is an LED or LD.

On the other hand, the conditions of the electrophotographic photosensitive member repeatedly used in the Carlson process and similar processes include sensitivity, accepting potential, potential holding property, potential stability,
It is required that the electrostatic characteristics represented by the residual potential and the spectral characteristics be excellent. In particular, for high-sensitivity photoreceptors, the chargeability decreases and the residual potential increases due to repeated use.
It is empirically known that many photoconductors govern the life characteristics of the photoconductor, and the above-mentioned titanyl phthalocyanine is no exception. Therefore, the stability of a photoreceptor using titanyl phthalocyanine by repeated use is not yet sufficient, and there has been an eager desire to complete the technology. Further, there has been a demand for a dispersion liquid capable of stably producing a photosensitive member having these characteristics over a long period of time.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a stable electrophotographic photoreceptor which does not lose its chargeability even when repeatedly used without losing high sensitivity. Another object of the present invention is to provide a dispersion liquid capable of stably producing a photosensitive member having the above characteristics for a long period of time. Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor having improved abrasion resistance while maintaining the above characteristics. Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic method, an electrophotographic apparatus, and an electrophotographic process cartridge capable of obtaining a stable image with few abnormal images even when repeatedly used.

[0007]

The basic structure of the titanyl phthalocyanine pigment used in the present invention is represented by the following general formula (1).

[0008]

Embedded image (In the formula, X ₁ , X ₂ , X ₃ , and X ₄ each independently represent various halogen atoms, and n, m, l, and k each independently represent a number from 0 to _4. )

References relating to the synthesis method and electrophotographic characteristics of TiOPc include, for example, JP-A-57-148745, JP-A-59-36254, and JP-A-59-44.
No. 054, JP-A-59-31965, JP-A-61-239248, and JP-A-62-67094. Various crystal systems are known for TiOPc.
JP-A-59-166959, JP-A-61-239
248, JP-A-62-67094, JP-A-63-366, JP-A-63-116158, JP-A-63-196067, and JP-A-64-1
No. 7066 discloses TiOPc having different crystal forms. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-314171 discloses a photoreceptor using titanyl phthalocyanine exhibiting a specific Raman spectrum. The present inventors have paid attention to TiOPc and made intensive studies on the electrostatic characteristics of the photoreceptor after repeated use in order to solve the above problems, and have completed the present invention.

However, according to the present invention, (1) "10
In the Raman spectrum measured by the excitation light source of 64 nm, an electrophotographic photoreceptor dispersion characterized by containing a titanyl phthalocyanine pigment showing an absorption peak or shoulder in the 483 ± 2 cm ^-1 and 487 ± 2 cm ^-1 ", ( 2) The intensity (I ₄₈₇ ) of 487 ± 2 cm ⁻¹ in the Raman spectrum of the dispersion and 483 ± 2c
(1) wherein the ratio (I ₄₈₇ / I ₄₈₃ ) of the intensity (I ₄₈₃ ) of m ^-1 is 0.3 or less, ) "The titanyl phthalocyanine pigment is 1450 in the Raman spectrum
± 2cm ^-1 , 1301 ± 2cm ^-1 , 1102 ± 2c
The dispersion for electrophotographic photosensitive members according to the above (1) or (2), which exhibits an absorption peak at m ^-1 and 1005 ± 2 cm ^-1 .

Further, according to the present invention, (4) at least 483 in a Raman spectrum measured with an excitation light source of 1064 nm as a charge generating substance in the photosensitive layer.
An electrophotographic photosensitive member containing a titanyl phthalocyanine pigment exhibiting absorption peaks at ± 2 cm ⁻¹ and 487 ± 2 cm ⁻¹ ”, (5)“ intensity of 487 ± 2 cm ⁻¹ in the Raman spectrum (I ₄₈₇₎ ) And 483 ± 2
The intensity (I ₄₈₃ ) ratio (I ₄₈₇ / I ₄₈₃ ) of cm ⁻¹ is 0.3
(4) The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to the above (4), wherein (6) the titanyl phthalocyanine further comprises 1450 ± 2 in the Raman spectrum.
cm ⁻¹ , 1301 ± 2 cm ⁻¹ , 1102 ± 2 cm ⁻¹ , 1
(5) The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to the above (4) or (5), which exhibits an absorption peak at 005 ± 2 cm ^-1. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to any one of the above (4) to (6), comprising a laminated structure of a layer and a charge transport layer, and (8) “charge transport of the electrophotographic photoreceptor. (7) The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to the above (7), wherein the layer contains a polycarbonate containing at least a triarylamine structure in a main chain and / or a side chain.

According to the present invention, there is provided (9) an electrophotographic method in which at least charging, image exposure, development, transfer, cleaning and charge elimination are repeatedly performed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member, (4) An electrophotographic method characterized in that the photoconductor is the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to any one of (8) to (8).

According to the present invention, there is also provided (10) an electrophotographic apparatus comprising at least a charging unit, an image exposing unit, a developing unit, a transferring unit, a cleaning unit, a discharging unit, and an electrophotographic photosensitive member, An electrophotographic apparatus, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member is the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to any one of the above items (4) to (8).

According to the present invention, there is also provided (11) a process cartridge for an electrophotographic apparatus comprising at least an electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member is any of the above items (4) to (8). A process cartridge for an electrophotographic apparatus, characterized in that the process cartridge is the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to any one of the above.

As a method for obtaining titanyl phthalocyanine exhibiting a desired Raman spectrum, a method similar to a known synthesis process, a method of changing a crystal in a washing / purifying process, and a method of providing a special crystal conversion step can be mentioned. Further, among the methods for providing a crystal conversion step, a solvent, a general conversion method using mechanical load, and dissolving titanyl phthalocyanine in sulfuric acid, and then pouring this solution into water, passing through the amorphous crystal, A sulfuric acid pasting method for performing the conversion is mentioned.

As the organic solvent used for the crystal conversion, any organic solvent can be used as long as it can obtain a predetermined crystal form. In particular, tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexanone, toluene, methylene chloride, carbon disulfide, orthodichlorobenzene, It is desirable to include one selected from 1,1,2-trichloroethane. Note that two or more organic solvents may be used as a mixture.

As described above, TiOPc exhibiting high sensitivity
When a photoreceptor using the photoreceptor is repeatedly used in the Carlson process and similar processes, the chargeability is reduced and the residual potential is increased, and the life of the photoreceptor is limited.
The present inventors have paid attention to the crystal form of TiOPc and studied the electrostatic characteristics of the photoconductor after repeated use in order to solve this problem. As a result, when the crystal having the above-mentioned specific Raman spectrum was used. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the repetition characteristics of the above physical properties were excellent, and the present invention was completed.

Furthermore, the characteristics of the photoreceptor using the titanyl phthalocyanine as described above greatly differ depending on the synthesis process. Although several routes for synthesizing titanyl phthalocyanine are known, a method using a titanium halide is known. It has been found that a photoreceptor using titanyl phthalocyanine produced by this method shows a remarkable decrease in chargeability after repeated use. In order to avoid this, it is desirable to produce by a method of synthesizing without using a titanium halide (for example, using organic titanium as a raw material).

The Raman spectrum of TiOPc in the present invention can be measured by using a commercially available Raman spectrum measuring device for a TiOPc crystal produced through a synthesis, purification, crystal conversion step and the like.

In the Raman spectrum, 487 ±
2cm ratio of the intensity of the ^-1 strength (I ₄₈₇₎ and _{^{483 ± 2cm -1 (I 483)}} (I 487 / I 483) can be determined as follows. First, the Raman spectrum of a sample is measured by a standard method. If the baseline contains undulations, baseline correction is performed. Titanyl phthalocyanine produced in the synthesis method of the present invention described below has 4
The absorption at 87 ± 2 cm ⁻¹ is observed as a peak. On the other hand, the absorption at 483 ± 2 cm ⁻¹ is observed as a peak or a shoulder. In the case of a peak, the peak top intensity may be directly compared. In the case of a shoulder, comparison may be made with the portion of the maximum absorption of the shoulder as the peak top. 487 obtained in this way
Strength of ± 2cm ^-1 (I ₄₈₇₎ and 483 the effect of the present invention when the ratio of the intensity of the _{^{± 2cm -1 (I 483) (}} I 487 / I 483) is 0.3 or less made more pronounced become.

The dispersion for electrophotography of the present invention will be described. This dispersion is a dispersion used for producing a photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and is a dispersion containing titanyl phthalocyanine exhibiting the above-mentioned specific Raman spectrum. The composition of the dispersion is slightly different depending on the composition of a photoreceptor to be described later, which is manufactured using the dispersion. However, when the photosensitive layer has a single-layer structure, it is mainly used as a dispersion for a photosensitive layer. Used as a dispersion for the generating layer.

The dispersion for the electrophotographic photosensitive member is formed by dispersing the above titanyl phthalocyanine together with a binder resin as necessary in a suitable solvent using a ball mill, an attritor, a sand mill, ultrasonic waves, or the like.

If necessary, the binder resin used in the electrophotographic photosensitive member dispersion includes polyamide, polyurethane, epoxy resin, polyketone, polycarbonate, silicon resin, acrylic resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl ketone, polyvinyl ketone, and polystyrene. , Polysulfone, poly-N-vinylcarbazole, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl benzal, polyester, phenoxy resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, polyphenylene oxide, polyamide, polyvinyl pyridine, cellulose resin, casein, polyvinyl Alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone and the like can be mentioned. Above all, polyvinyl acetal represented by polyvinyl butyral is preferably used, and polyvinyl acetal (butyral) having an acetylation degree of 4 mol% or more is preferably used. The amount of the binder resin is suitably from 0 to 500 parts by weight, preferably from 10 to 300 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the charge generating substance.

In the dispersion for an electrophotographic photoreceptor, other charge generating materials can be used in addition to the above-mentioned titanyl phthalocyanine giving a specific Raman spectrum, and typical examples thereof include monoazo pigments, disazo pigments, and the like. Trisazo pigments, perylene pigments, perinone pigments, quinacridone pigments, quinone condensed polycyclic compounds, squaric acid dyes, other phthalocyanine pigments, naphthalocyanine pigments, azurenium salt dyes and the like can be used.

The solvents used herein include isopropanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethyl cellosolve, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, monochlorobenzene, cyclohexane,
Toluene, xylene, ligroin and the like can be mentioned. Particularly, ketone solvents, ester solvents and ether solvents are preferably used. If necessary, a charge transporting material or various additives described below can be added.

[0026]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention.
A single-layer photosensitive layer (33) containing a charge generation material and a charge transport material as main components is provided. FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are cross-sectional views showing another configuration example of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, and show a charge generation layer (35) containing a charge generation material as a main component and a charge transport material as a main component. The charge transport layer (37) has a laminated structure.

As the conductive support (31), one having conductivity of not more than 10 ¹⁰ Ω · cm, for example, aluminum, nickel, chromium, nichrome, copper, gold, silver,
Metals such as platinum, tin oxide, metal oxides such as indium oxide, coated on film or cylindrical plastic or paper by evaporation or sputtering,
Alternatively, a plate made of aluminum, an aluminum alloy, nickel, stainless steel, or the like, or a tube formed by extruding, drawing, or the like, and then surface-treated such as cutting, superfinishing, or polishing can be used. Further, an endless nickel belt and an endless stainless belt disclosed in JP-A-52-36016 can also be used as the conductive support (31).

In addition, a support obtained by dispersing a conductive powder on a suitable binder resin on the above support and applying the same can also be used as the conductive support (31) of the present invention. This conductive powder includes carbon black, acetylene black, aluminum, nickel, iron, nichrome, copper,
Metal powder such as zinc and silver, conductive tin oxide, IT
And metal oxide powders such as O. The binder resins used simultaneously include polystyrene and styrene-
Acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylidene chloride, polyarylate resin, phenoxy resin , Polycarbonate, cellulose acetate resin, ethyl cellulose resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl toluene,
Thermoplasticity such as poly-N-vinyl carbazole, acrylic resin, silicone resin, epoxy resin, melamine resin, urethane resin, phenol resin, alkyd resin,
A thermosetting resin or a photocurable resin can be used. Such a conductive layer can be provided by dispersing the conductive powder and the binder resin in an appropriate solvent, for example, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, or the like, and applying the resulting dispersion.

Further, heat shrinkage of a material such as polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyester, polystyrene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, chlorinated rubber, Teflon (registered trademark), and the like containing the conductive powder on a suitable cylindrical substrate. Also those that have a conductive layer provided by a tube,
It can be favorably used as the conductive support (31) of the present invention.

Next, the photosensitive layer will be described. The photosensitive layer may be a single layer or a laminate, but for convenience of explanation, the case where the photosensitive layer is composed of the charge generation layer (35) and the charge transport layer (37) will be described first.

The charge generation layer (35) is a layer mainly composed of TiOPc exhibiting the above-mentioned specific Raman spectrum as a charge generation material. The charge generation layer (35)
The iOPc is formed by dispersing iOPc in a suitable solvent together with a binder resin, if necessary, using a ball mill, an attritor, a sand mill, ultrasonic waves, or the like, coating this on a conductive support, and drying.

If necessary, the binder resin used for the charge generation layer (35) may be polyamide, polyurethane, epoxy resin, polyketone, polycarbonate, silicon resin, acrylic resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl ketone, polyvinyl ketone, polystyrene, Polysulfone, poly-N-vinylcarbazole, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl benzal, polyester, phenoxy resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, polyphenylene oxide, polyamide, polyvinyl pyridine, cellulose resin, casein, polyvinyl alcohol And polyvinylpyrrolidone. Above all, polyvinyl acetal represented by polyvinyl butyral is used favorably, and in particular, polyvinyl acetal having a degree of acetylation of 4 mol% or more (butyral).
Is used well. The amount of the binder resin is the charge generation material 1
0 to 500 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 100 parts by weight
300 parts by weight are suitable.

In the charge generation layer (35), it is possible to use other charge generation materials in addition to the above-mentioned TiOPc giving a specific Raman spectrum, and typical examples thereof include a monoazo pigment, a disazo pigment and a trisazo pigment. , Perylene pigments, perinone pigments, quinacridone pigments,
Examples thereof include quinone-based condensed polycyclic compounds, squaric acid-based dyes, other phthalocyanine-based pigments, naphthalocyanine-based pigments, and azurenium salt-based dyes.

The solvents used here include isopropanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethyl cellosolve, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, monochlorobenzene, cyclohexane,
Toluene, xylene, ligroin and the like can be mentioned. Particularly, ketone solvents, ester solvents and ether solvents are preferably used. As a method of applying the coating solution, a method such as a dip coating method, a spray coat, a bead coat, a nozzle coat, a spinner coat, and a ring coat can be used.

The thickness of the charge generation layer (35) is 0.01 to
About 5 μm is appropriate, and preferably 0.1 to 2 μm.

The charge transporting layer (37) can be formed by dissolving or dispersing the charge transporting substance and the binder resin in a suitable solvent, applying the solution on the charge generating layer, and drying. If necessary, a plasticizer, a leveling agent, an antioxidant and the like can be added.

The charge transport material includes a hole transport material and an electron transport material. Examples of the charge transport material include chloranil, bromanil, tetracyanoethylene, tetracyanoquinodimethane, 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone, 2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenone, 2,4 , 5,7-tetranitroxanthone,
2,4,8-trinitrothioxanthone, 2,6,8-
Examples thereof include electron accepting substances such as trinitro-4H-indeno [1,2-b] thiophen-4-one, 1,3,7-trinitrodibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide, and benzoquinone derivatives.

Examples of the hole transport material include poly-N-vinylcarbazole and its derivatives, poly-γ-carbazolylethylglutamate and its derivatives, pyrene-formaldehyde condensate and its derivatives, polyvinylpyrene, polyvinylphenanthrene, polysilane, Oxazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, monoarylamine derivatives, diarylamine derivatives, triarylamine derivatives, stilbene derivatives,
α-phenylstilbene derivative, benzidine derivative,
Diarylmethane derivatives, triarylmethane derivatives,
9-styrylanthracene derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives,
Other known materials such as a divinylbenzene derivative, a hydrazone derivative, an indene derivative, a butadiene derivative, a pyrene derivative, a bisstilbene derivative, an enamine derivative and the like can be used. These charge transport materials are used alone or in combination of two or more.

Examples of the binder resin include polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, and polystyrene. Vinyl acetate, polyvinylidene chloride, polyalate, phenoxy resin, polycarbonate, cellulose acetate resin, ethyl cellulose resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl toluene, poly-N-vinyl carbazole, acrylic resin, silicone resin, epoxy resin, melamine resin, urethane Thermoplastic or thermosetting resins such as resin, phenolic resin, and alkyd resin are exemplified.

The amount of the charge transporting material is suitably 20 to 300 parts by weight, preferably 40 to 150 parts by weight, based on 100 parts of the binder resin. The charge transport layer has a thickness of 5 to 100.
It is preferable that the thickness be about μm. As the solvent used here, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, toluene, dichloromethane, monochlorobenzene, dichloroethane, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone and the like are used.

For the charge transporting layer, a high molecular charge transporting material having both a function as a charge transporting material and a function as a binder resin is preferably used. The charge transport layer composed of these polymeric charge transport materials has excellent abrasion resistance. As the polymer charge transport material, known materials can be used, but polycarbonates containing a triarylamine structure in the main chain and / or side chain are preferably used. Among them, the polymer charge transport materials represented by the formulas (2) to (11) are preferably used, and these are exemplified below and specific examples are shown.

[0042]

Embedded imageWhere R₁, R_Two, R_ThreeAre each independently substituted or
Unsubstituted alkyl group or halogen atom, R_FourIs a hydrogen atom
Or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, R_Five, R ₆Is replaced
Or an unsubstituted aryl group, o, p and q are each independently
On the other hand, integers of 0 to 4, k and j represent compositions, and 0.1 ≦
k ≦ 1, 0 ≦ j ≦ 0.9, and n is the number of repeating units.
Represents an integer of 5 to 5000. X is aliphatic divalent
Represented by the following general formula:
Represents a divalent group.

[0043]

Embedded image In the formula, R ₁₀₁ and R ₁₀₂ each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, aryl group or halogen atom. l and m are integers of 0 to 4; Y is a single bond;
~ 12 linear, branched or cyclic alkylene groups,
-O -, - S -, - SO -, - SO 2 -, - CO -, -
CO—O—Z—O—CO— (wherein, Z represents an aliphatic divalent group) or

[0044]

Embedded image (In the formula, a represents an integer of 1 to 20, b represents an integer of 1 to 2000, and R ₁₀₃ and R ₁₀₄ represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or aryl group.) Here, R _{10 1} and R
₁₀₂ , R ₁₀₃ and R ₁₀₄ may be the same or different.

[0045]

Embedded image In the formula, R ₇ and R ₈ represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, A
r ₁ , Ar ₂ and Ar ₃ represent the same or different arylene groups. X, k, j and n are the same as in the case of equation (2).

[0046]

Embedded image In the formula, R ₉ and R ₁₀ are a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group,
Ar ₄ , Ar ₅ and Ar ₆ represent the same or different arylene groups. X, k, j and n are the same as in the case of equation (2).

[0047]

Embedded image In the formula, R ₁₁ and R ₁₂ are a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group,
Ar ₇ , Ar ₈ and Ar ₉ are the same or different arylene groups, p
Represents an integer of 1 to 5. X, k, j and n are
This is the same as in the case of equation (2).

[0048]

Embedded imageWhere R₁₃, R₁₄Is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group,
Ar_Ten, Ar₁₁, Ar ₁₂Are the same or different arylene groups,
X₁, X_TwoIs a substituted or unsubstituted ethylene group, or
Alternatively, it represents an unsubstituted vinylene group. X, k, j and
And n are the same as in equation (2).

[0049]

Embedded image In the formula, R ₁₅ , R ₁₆ , R ₁₇ and R ₁₈ are a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, Ar ₁₃ , Ar ₁₄ , Ar ₁₅ and Ar ₁₆ are the same or different arylene groups, and Y ₁ , Y ₂ and Y ₃ are A single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene ether group, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and a vinylene group may be the same or different. X, k, j and n are
This is the same as in the case of equation (2).

[0050]

Embedded imageWhere R₁₉, R₂₀Is a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted
Represents a reel group, R ₁₉And R₂₀May form a ring
No. Ar₁₇, Ar₁₈, Ar₁₉Are the same or different allylenes
Represents a group. X, k, j and n are the same as in the case of equation (2).
Is the same.

[0051]

Embedded image In the formula, R ₂₁ represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and Ar ₂₀ , Ar ₂₁ , Ar ₂₂ , and Ar ₂₃ represent the same or different arylene groups. X, k, j and n are the same as in the case of equation (2).

[0052]

Embedded image In the formula, R ₂₂ , R ₂₃ , R ₂₄ , and R ₂₅ are a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, Ar ₂₄ , Ar ₂₅ , Ar ₂₆ , Ar ₂₇ , Ar ₂₈
Represents the same or different arylene groups. X, k, j and n are the same as in the case of equation (2).

[0053]

Embedded imageWhere R₂₆, R₂₇Is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group,
Ar₂₉, Ar₃₀, Ar ₃₁Represents the same or different arylene groups
Express. X, k, j and n are the same as in the case of equation (2)
It is.

In the photoreceptor of the present invention, the charge transport layer (3
In 7), a plasticizer or a leveling agent may be added. As the plasticizer, those used as general plasticizers for general resins, such as dibutyl phthalate and dioctyl phthalate, can be used as they are.
About 30% by weight is appropriate. Examples of the leveling agent include silicone oils such as dimethyl silicone oil and methylphenyl silicone oil, and polymers or oligomers having a perfluoroalkyl group in a side chain. 1
% By weight is appropriate.

Next, the case where the photosensitive layer has a single layer structure (33) will be described. A photoconductor in which TiOPc giving the above-mentioned specific Raman spectrum is dispersed in a binder resin can be used. The single-layer photosensitive layer can be formed by dissolving or dispersing a charge generating substance, a charge transporting substance, and a binder resin in a suitable solvent, and applying and drying the same. Further, the photosensitive layer may be of a function-separated type to which the above-described charge transport material is added, and can be used favorably. If necessary, a plasticizer, a leveling agent, an antioxidant and the like can be added.

As the binder resin, the charge transport layer (3
In addition to using the binder resin described in 7) as it is, the binder resin described in the charge generation layer (35) may be mixed and used. Of course, the above-mentioned polymer charge transport materials can also be used favorably. The amount of the charge generating substance is preferably 5 to 40 parts by weight, and the amount of the charge transporting substance is preferably 0 to 190 parts by weight, more preferably 50 to 100 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
It is 150 parts by weight. The single-layer photosensitive layer is formed by dip coating or spraying a coating liquid obtained by dispersing a charge generating substance and a binder resin together with a charge transporting substance, if necessary, using a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dichloroethane, or cyclohexane using a dispersing machine. It can be formed by coating with a coat or bead coat. The thickness of the single-layer photosensitive layer is suitably about 5 to 100 μm.

In the photosensitive member of the present invention, an undercoat layer can be provided between the conductive support (31) and the photosensitive layer. The undercoat layer generally contains a resin as a main component. However, considering that the photosensitive layer is coated thereon with a solvent, these resins are resins having high solvent resistance to general organic solvents. desirable. Examples of such a resin include water-soluble resins such as polyvinyl alcohol, casein, and sodium polyacrylate, copolymer-soluble nylons, alcohol-soluble resins such as methoxymethylated nylon, polyurethane, melamine resins, phenol resins, alkyd-melamine resins, and epoxy resins. Curable resins that form a three-dimensional network structure, such as resins, are exemplified. Further, a fine powder pigment of a metal oxide exemplified by titanium oxide, silica, alumina, zirconium oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide and the like may be added to the undercoat layer in order to prevent moiré and reduce residual potential.

These undercoat layers can be formed by using an appropriate solvent and a coating method as in the above-mentioned photosensitive layer. Further, a silane coupling agent, a titanium coupling agent, a chromium coupling agent or the like can be used as the undercoat layer in the present invention. In addition, the undercoat layer according to the present invention may be provided with Al ₂ O ₃ provided by anodic oxidation,
Organic substances such as polyparaxylylene (parylene) and Si
Those provided with an inorganic substance such as O ₂ , SnO ₂ , TiO ₂ , ITO, CeO ₂ by a vacuum thin film forming method can also be used favorably. In addition, known materials can be used. The thickness of the undercoat layer is suitably from 0 to 5 μm.

In the photosensitive member of the present invention, a protective layer may be provided on the photosensitive layer for the purpose of protecting the photosensitive layer.
Materials used for the protective layer include ABS resin, ACS resin, olefin-vinyl monomer copolymer, chlorinated polyether, allyl resin, phenol resin, polyacetal, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyacrylate, polyallyl sulfone, polybutylene, Polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyether sulfone, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, acrylic resin, polymethylbenten, polypropylene, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfone, polystyrene, AS resin, butadiene-styrene copolymer,
Polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride,
Examples of the resin include an epoxy resin. Other protective layers include fluororesins such as polytetrafluoroethylene, silicone resins, and those obtained by dispersing inorganic materials such as titanium oxide, tin oxide, and potassium titanate in these resins for the purpose of improving abrasion resistance. Can be added. As a method for forming the protective layer, a normal coating method is employed. The thickness of the protective layer is suitably about 0.1 to 10 μm. Also,
In addition to the above, a-C and a-
A known material such as SiC can be used as the protective layer.

In the photosensitive member of the present invention, an intermediate layer may be provided between the photosensitive layer and the protective layer. The intermediate layer generally uses a binder resin as a main component. Examples of these resins include polyamide, alcohol-soluble nylon, water-soluble polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl butyral, and polyvinyl alcohol. As a method for forming the intermediate layer, a normal coating method is employed as described above. The thickness of the intermediate layer is suitably about 0.05 to 2 μm.

Next, the electrophotographic method and the electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 4 is a schematic view for explaining the electrophotographic process and the electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention. Around the photosensitive member (1), a charge removing lamp (2), a charging charger (3), and an eraser ( 4), image exposure section (5), developing unit (6), pre-transfer charger (7), transfer charger (10), separation charger (11), separation claw (12), pre-cleaning charger (13), fur brush (14) Each unit such as a cleaning brush (15) is arranged. A toner image is transferred at a transfer position to the transfer paper (9) supplied to the photoconductor (1) by the registration roller (8). The following modified examples also belong to the category of the present invention.
In FIG. 4, a photoreceptor (1) is provided with a TiOPc photosensitive layer that gives a specific Raman spectrum on a conductive support. The photoconductor (1) has a drum shape, but may have a sheet shape or an endless belt shape. Charger (3), Charger before transfer (7),
Known means such as a corotron, a scorotron, a solid state charger (solid state charger), and a charging roller are used for the transfer charger (10), the separation charger (11), and the charger before cleaning (13). As the transfer means, generally, the above-mentioned charger can be used, but as shown in the figure, a combination of a transfer charger and a separation charger is effective.

Light sources such as an image exposure unit (5) and a neutralizing lamp (2) include a fluorescent lamp, a tungsten lamp, a halogen lamp, a mercury lamp, a sodium lamp, a light emitting diode (LED), a semiconductor laser (LD), and an electro-optical device. A general light-emitting material such as luminescence (EL) can be used. To irradiate only light in a desired wavelength range, various filters such as a sharp cut filter, a band pass filter, a near infrared cut filter, a dichroic filter, an interference filter, and a color temperature conversion filter can be used. Such a light source and the like include, in addition to the steps shown in FIG.
The photoreceptor is irradiated with light by providing a step such as a charge removal step, a cleaning step, or a pre-exposure.

The toner developed on the photoconductor (1) by the developing unit (6) is transferred to the transfer paper (9), but not all of the toner is transferred.
Some toner remains on the top. Such toner is removed from the photoreceptor by the fur brush (14) and the blade (15). Cleaning may be performed only with a cleaning brush, and a known brush such as a fur brush or a mag fur brush is used as the cleaning brush. When a positive (negative) charge is applied to the electrophotographic photosensitive member and image exposure is performed, a positive (negative) electrostatic latent image is formed on the surface of the photosensitive member. If this is developed with negative (positive) polarity toner (electrostatic fine particles), a positive image can be obtained,
If the toner is developed with positive (negative) polarity toner, a negative image can be obtained. A known method can be applied to such a developing unit, and a known method is also used for the charge removing unit.

FIG. 5 shows another example of the electrophotographic process according to the present invention. The photoreceptor (21) has a TiOPc photosensitive layer that gives a specific Raman spectrum, is driven by drive rollers (22a) and (22b), and has a charger (2).
3) charging, image exposure by light source (24), development (not shown), transfer using charger (25), light source (26)
, Cleaning by a brush (27), and static elimination by a light source (28) are repeatedly performed. In FIG. 5, the photosensitive member (21) (of course, the support is translucent in this case) is irradiated with light for pre-cleaning exposure from the support side.

The above-described electrophotographic process is an example of an embodiment of the present invention, and other embodiments are of course possible. For example, although the pre-cleaning exposure is performed from the support side in FIG. 5, this may be performed from the photosensitive layer side, or the image exposure and the erasing of the charge removing light may be performed from the support side.

On the other hand, in the light irradiation step, image exposure, pre-cleaning exposure, and charge removal exposure are shown, but in addition, pre-transfer exposure, pre-exposure of image exposure, and other known light irradiation steps are provided. Light irradiation can also be performed on the body.

The image forming means of the present invention as described above may be fixedly incorporated in a copying machine, a facsimile, or a printer, or may be incorporated in the apparatus in the form of a process cartridge. The process cartridge is one device (part) that includes a photoconductor and further includes a charging unit, an exposure unit, a developing unit, a transfer unit, a cleaning unit, and a charge removing unit. There are many shapes and the like of the process cartridge, but as a general example,
One shown in FIG. In this example, necessary units such as a charging charger (17), an image exposing unit (19), a developing roller (20), and a cleaning brush (18) are arranged around the photoconductor (16). The photoreceptor (16) has a TiOPc photosensitive layer that gives a specific Raman spectrum on a conductive support.

[0068]

The present invention will be described below with reference to examples.
The present invention is not limited by the embodiments. All parts are parts by weight. First, a specific synthesis example of titanyl phthalocyanine in the present invention will be described.

[Synthesis Example 1] 292 g of 1,3-diiminoisoindoline and 2000 ml of sulfolane are mixed, and 204 g of titanium tetrabutoxide are added dropwise under a nitrogen stream. After completion of the dropwise addition, the temperature was gradually raised to 180 ° C, and the reaction was carried out by stirring for 5 hours while maintaining the reaction temperature between 170 ° C and 180 ° C. After the reaction, the precipitate was filtered after standing to cool, washed with chloroform until the powder turned blue, washed with methanol several times, further washed with hot water at 80 ° C. several times, and dried. Crude titanyl phthalocyanine was obtained.
The crude titanyl phthalocyanine was dissolved in 20 times the volume of concentrated sulfuric acid, added dropwise to 100 volumes of the ice water with stirring, the precipitated crystals were filtered, and the water was washed repeatedly until the washing liquid became neutral. I got 20 g of the obtained wet cake was put into 200 g of 1,2-dichloroethane and stirred for 4 hours. 1000 g of methanol was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour, filtered, and dried to obtain titanyl phthalocyanine powder.

[Synthesis Example 2] The titanyl phthalocyanine powder prepared in Synthesis Example 1 was subjected to a solvent treatment using tetrahydrofuran, and then the solvent was dried and solidified to obtain titanyl phthalocyanine powder.

[Synthesis Example 3] Titanyl phthalocyanine was synthesized according to the method described in Synthesis Example 1 of JP-A-8-314171.

[Preparation Example 1 of Dispersion Liquid for Electrophotographic Photoreceptor] 15 parts of the titanyl phthalocyanine powder prepared in Synthesis Example 1 was
2-butanone 6 in which 10 parts of polyvinyl butyral is dissolved
00 parts were dispersed using a commercially available bead mill disperser to prepare a dispersion for an electrophotographic photosensitive member. (The prepared dispersion for an electrophotographic photosensitive member is referred to as Dispersion 1.)

[Production Example 2 of Dispersion for Electrophotographic Photoreceptor] The titanyl phthalocyanine powder produced in Synthesis Example 2 was dispersed under the same conditions as in Example 1 to produce a dispersion for an electrophotographic photoreceptor. (The prepared dispersion for an electrophotographic photoreceptor is referred to as dispersion 2.)

[Production Example 3 of Dispersion Solution for Electrophotographic Photoreceptor] 15 parts of the titanyl phthalocyanine powder produced in Synthesis Example 1 was used.
A dispersion of 10 parts of polyvinyl butyral was dissolved in 600 parts of n-butyl acetate using a commercially available ball mill disperser to prepare a dispersion for an electrophotographic photosensitive member. (The prepared dispersion for an electrophotographic photosensitive member is referred to as dispersion 3.)

[Production Example 4 of Dispersion Solution for Electrophotographic Photoreceptor] 15 parts of the titanyl phthalocyanine powder produced in Synthesis Example 2 was
A dispersion of 10 parts of polyvinyl butyral was dissolved in 600 parts of n-butyl acetate using a commercially available ball mill disperser to prepare a dispersion for an electrophotographic photosensitive member. (The prepared dispersion for an electrophotographic photosensitive member is referred to as dispersion 4.)

[Electrophotographic Photoreceptor Dispersion Preparation Example 5] An electrophotographic photoreceptor dispersion liquid was prepared in the same manner as in the electrophotographic photoreceptor dispersion liquid preparation example 1, except that the dispersion conditions were changed so that the dispersion was further promoted. A dispersion was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1. (The prepared dispersion for an electrophotographic photosensitive member is referred to as Dispersion 5.)

[Electrophotographic Photoreceptor Dispersion Preparation Example 6] An electrophotographic photoreceptor dispersion was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the dispersion conditions of the bead mill were changed so that the dispersion was further promoted. A dispersion was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 5. (The prepared dispersion for an electrophotographic photosensitive member is referred to as dispersion 6.)

The dispersions for electrophotographic photosensitive members (dispersions 1 to 4) obtained in Preparation Examples 1 to 6 for electrophotographic photosensitive members were each cast on a slide glass, dried and measured for Raman spectrum. Was prepared for use. These Raman spectra were measured under the following conditions.

Raman spectrometer: Nicolet Ram
an950, excitation light: 1064 nm (output: 0.5 W) detector: Ge, number of integration: 200 times, resolution: 2 cm ^-1

Samples prepared from Dispersions 1 and 3
Raman spectrum is 1509cm ^-1Strongest absorption for
483 cm as characteristic absorption peak^-1, 487
cm ^-1, And 1450cm^-1, 1301cm^-1, 110
2cm^-1, 1005cm^-1Showed absorption. Also distributed
Raman spectra of samples prepared from liquids 5 and 6
Shows a spectrum similar to the above,₄₈₇/ I₄₈₃Gawazu
The spectrum was the same as that of the dispersion liquid 1 except for the crab.
(I₄₈₇/ I₄₈₃Is shown in Table 1).

Samples prepared from dispersions 2 and 4
Raman spectrum is 1508 cm ^-1Strongest absorption for
487 cm as characteristic absorption peak^-1And one more
453cm^-1, 1304cm^-1, 1107cm^-1, 10
07cm^-1Shows the absorption, and the titanyl phthalocyanine of Synthesis Example 1
It showed a clearly different absorption pattern from Anin.

[Example 7 of Preparation of Dispersion for Electrophotographic Photoreceptor] A dispersion was prepared according to the method described in Example 1 of JP-A-8-314171. (The prepared dispersion for an electrophotographic photosensitive member is referred to as dispersion 7.)

The dispersion 7 was cast on a glass substrate and dried to obtain a sample for Raman spectrum measurement. According to the Raman spectrum measuring method described in JP-A-8-314171, the excitation light source was set to 514.5 n.
The measurement was performed in place of the m laser. As a result, a spectrum almost identical to the Raman spectrum of JP-A-8-314171 was obtained.

Example 1 An undercoat layer coating solution, a charge generation layer coating solution, and a charge transport layer coating solution having the following compositions were sequentially applied and dried on an electroformed nickel belt to a thickness of 3.5 μm. , A 0.3 μm charge generation layer and a 25 μm charge transport layer.

Undercoat layer coating liquid Titanium dioxide powder 15 parts Polyvinyl butyral 6 parts 2-butanone 150 parts

Coating Solution for Charge Generating Layer Dispersion 1 prepared in Preparation Example 1 of a dispersion for an electrophotographic photosensitive member was used.

Charge transport layer coating solution Polycarbonate 10 parts Charge transport material of the following structural formula 7 parts

[0088]

Embedded image

[0089] 80 parts of methylene chloride

Example 2 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating liquid for the charge generation layer in Example 1 was changed to Dispersion 5.

Example 3 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in exactly the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating liquid for the charge generation layer in Example 1 was changed to Dispersion 6.

Comparative Example 1 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the coating liquid for the charge generation layer in Example 1 was changed to Dispersion 2.

Comparative Example 2 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in exactly the same manner as in Example 1, except that the coating liquid for the charge generation layer in Example 1 was changed to Dispersion 7.

The electrophotographic photosensitive members produced in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were mounted in the electrophotographic process shown in FIG. 5 (however, there was no pre-cleaning exposure), and the image exposure light source was a 780 nm semiconductor laser ( In order to measure the surface potential of the photoconductor immediately before development, a probe of a surface voltmeter was inserted. Printing was continuously performed on 15,000 sheets, and the surface potentials of the image-exposed portion and the non-image-exposed portion at that time were set to the initial value and 1500
It measured after 0 sheets. Table 1 shows the results.

[0095]

[Table 1]

Table 1 shows that the electrophotographic photosensitive members of Examples 1 to 3 maintain a stable surface potential even after repeated use. It can be seen that the electrophotographic photoreceptor of Example 3 has a slightly higher potential at the image exposed portion after repeated use than the electrophotographic photoreceptors of Examples 1 and 2.

Example 4 An undercoat layer coating solution, a charge generation layer coating solution, and a charge transport layer coating solution having the following compositions were sequentially applied and dried on an aluminum cylinder to form a 3.5 μm intermediate layer. An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a charge generation layer of 0.2 μm and a charge transport layer of 28 μm was formed.

Undercoat layer coating liquid Titanium dioxide powder 400 parts Melamine resin 65 parts Alkyd resin 120 parts 2-butanone 400 parts

Charge Generating Layer Coating Liquid Dispersion liquid 3 prepared in Preparation Example 3 for electrophotographic photosensitive member dispersion liquid was used.

Charge transport layer coating solution Polycarbonate 10 parts Charge transport material of the following structural formula 8 parts

[0101]

Embedded image

80 parts of methylene chloride

Comparative Example 3 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in exactly the same manner as in Example 4, except that the coating liquid for the charge generation layer in Example 4 was changed to Dispersion Liquid 4.

Each of the electrophotographic photosensitive members of Example 4 and Comparative Example 3 was mounted in the electrophotographic process shown in FIG. 4 (however, an image exposure light source was an LD having a light emission at 780 nm), and was continuously 15,000. The image was printed at the initial stage and after 15,000 sheets were evaluated. Table 2 shows the results
Shown in

[0105]

[Table 2]

From Table 2, it can be seen that the electrophotographic photosensitive member of Example 4 maintains a good image even after repeated use.

Example 5 A photoconductor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the support in Example 1 was changed from an electroformed nickel belt to an aluminum cylinder.

Example 6 A photoconductor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the coating composition for the charge transport layer in Example 5 was changed to the following composition.

Charge transport layer coating liquid 10 parts of polymer charge transport material having the following structural formula

[0110]

Embedded image

100 parts of methylene chloride

Example 7 A photoconductor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the coating composition for the charge transport layer in Example 5 was changed to the following composition.

Charge transporting layer coating liquid 10 parts of a polymer charge transporting material having the following structural formula

[0114]

Embedded image

100 parts of methylene chloride

Each of the electrophotographic photosensitive members of Examples 5 to 7 was mounted in the electrophotographic process shown in FIG. 6 (however, an image exposure light source was an LD emitting at 780 nm), and 15,000 sheets were continuously printed. Printing was performed, and the images at that time were evaluated at the initial stage and after 15,000 sheets. Further, a change (decrease amount) in the film thickness of the charge transport layer was measured. Table 3 shows the results.

[0117]

[Table 3]

Table 3 shows that the electrophotographic photosensitive members of Examples 6 to 7 exhibited particularly excellent abrasion resistance.

[0119]

As is apparent from the detailed and concrete description, according to the present invention, by using titanyl phthalocyanine which gives a specific Raman spectrum,
Without losing high sensitivity in the photoreceptor using this,
The present invention provides a stable electrophotographic photosensitive member that does not cause a decrease in chargeability and an increase in residual potential even when used repeatedly. Also,
By using a dispersion for an electrophotographic photosensitive member containing titanyl phthalocyanine giving a specific Raman spectrum, a photosensitive member having the above characteristics can be stably manufactured for a long period of time. Further, by using a specific polycarbonate in combination with the photoreceptor, it becomes possible to improve the abrasion resistance while maintaining the above characteristics. Further, by using the above-mentioned photoreceptor, a stable electrophotographic method is provided in which the chargeability does not decrease and the residual potential does not increase even when repeatedly used without losing high sensitivity. further,
Provided are a stable electrophotographic apparatus and a process cartridge for the electrophotographic apparatus which do not cause a decrease in chargeability and an increase in residual potential even when repeatedly used without losing high sensitivity.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the configuration of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating still another configuration example of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining an electrophotographic process and an electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing another example of the electrophotographic process according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a view showing a process cartridge of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 photoconductor 2 static elimination lamp 3 charging charger 4 eraser 5 image exposure unit 6 developing unit 7 pre-transfer charger 8 registration roller 9 transfer paper 10 transfer charger 11 separation charger 12 separation claw 13 pre-cleaning charger 14 fur brush 15 cleaning brush 16 photoconductor 17 Charging Charger 18 Cleaning Brush 19 Image Exposure Unit 20 Developing Roller 21 Photoconductor 22a Driving Roller 22b Driving Roller 23 Charging Charger 24 Image Exposure Source 25 Transfer Charger 26 Pre-Cleaning Exposure 27 Cleaning Brush 28 Static Elimination Light Source 31 Conductive Support 35 Charge Generation Layer 37 Charge transport layer

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. In a Raman spectrum measured with an excitation light source of 1064 nm, 483 ± 2 cm ⁻¹ and 4
A dispersion for an electrophotographic photosensitive member, comprising a titanyl phthalocyanine pigment exhibiting an absorption peak or shoulder at 87 ± 2 cm ^-1 . 2. The Raman spectrum of the dispersion liquid has an intensity of 487 ± 2 cm ⁻¹ (I ₄₈₇ ) and 483 ± 2 cm ^−1.
2. The dispersion for an electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein the ratio (I ₄₈₇ / I ₄₈₃ ) of the strength (I ₄₈₃ ) is 0.3 or less. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the titanyl phthalocyanine pigment is 1450 ± 2 cm ⁻¹ , 13
01 ± 2cm ^-1 , 1102 ± 2cm ^-1 , 1005 ± 2c
3. The dispersion liquid for an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the dispersion liquid also shows an absorption peak at m ^-1 . 4. At least 483 ± 2 cm ⁻¹ and 487 ± 2c in a Raman spectrum measured with an excitation light source of 1064 nm as a charge generating substance in the photosensitive layer.
An electrophotographic photoreceptor containing a titanyl phthalocyanine pigment exhibiting an absorption peak at m ^-1 . 5. The method according to claim 5, wherein the Raman spectrum is 487 ±.
2cm^-1Strength (I ₄₈₇) And 483 ± 2cm^-1Strength of
(I₄₈₃) Ratio (I₄₈₇/ I₄₈₃) Is 0.3 or less
The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 4, wherein: 6. The titanyl phthalocyanine further shows 1450 ± 2 cm ⁻¹ , 1
301 ± 2 cm ⁻¹ , 1102 ± 2 cm ⁻¹ , 1005 ± 2
5. An absorption peak also at cm ^-1.
Or the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to 5. 7. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 4, wherein the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a laminated structure of a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer. 8. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 7, wherein the charge transport layer of the electrophotographic photoconductor contains a polycarbonate containing at least a triarylamine structure in a main chain and / or a side chain. 9. An electrophotographic method in which an electrophotographic photosensitive member is repeatedly subjected to at least charging, image exposure, development, transfer, cleaning, and charge elimination, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member is defined by any one of claims 4 to 8. An electrophotographic method, which is an electrophotographic photosensitive member. 10. At least charging means, image exposure means,
An electrophotographic apparatus comprising a developing unit, a transfer unit, a cleaning unit, a charge removing unit, and an electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member is any one of claims 4 to 8. An electrophotographic apparatus, characterized in that: 11. A process cartridge for an electrophotographic apparatus comprising at least an electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member is the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 4. A process cartridge for an electrophotographic apparatus.