JP2000322837A - Information recording medium, information-recording method, information-recording device, and information- reproducing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To manage the state that a defect area has not been replaced by a replacement area by recording a defect management information including a state information indicating whether the defect area has been replaced by a replacement area or not, when an available replacement area that is included in a space area is in shortage temporarily. SOLUTION: A state field 22a is used to indicate whether a defect sector has been replaced by a replacement sector or not. For example, when the value of the flag 22a-1 is 1, it indicates that the defect sector has not been replaced by a replacement sector. On the other hand, when the value of the flag 22a-1 is 0, it indicates that the defect sensor has been replaced by a replacement sector. In the case when a replacement area cannot be assigned to a detected defect are due to the temporary shortage of an available replacement area that is included in a spare area, the position of the defect area is written into the defect information area of a disk.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to an information recording medium, an information recording method, an information recording device, and an information reproducing device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An optical disk is an information recording medium having a sector structure. In recent years, densification and capacity have been increasing, and it has become important to ensure reliability. In order to ensure this reliability, the optical disk device performs defect management in which a sector that cannot be recorded or reproduced on the disk (this is called a defective sector) is replaced with another sector having a good state. Regarding such defect management, the International Standards Organization (IS)
O) to ISO / IE for 90mm optical disc
C10090 (hereinafter abbreviated as ISO standard) has been published.

[0003] As one of the background arts, an ECC block adopted in the DVD standard and a defect management method in the ISO standard will be briefly described.

FIG. 17 shows the physical structure of the disk 1.
A plurality of tracks 2 are formed on a disc 1 in a concentric or spiral shape. Each of the plurality of tracks 2 is divided into a plurality of sectors 3. The area of the disk 1 includes one or more disk information areas 4 and a data recording area 5.

The disk information area 4 stores parameters necessary for accessing the disk 1.
In the example shown in FIG. 17, the disk information areas 4 are provided on the innermost and outermost sides of the disk 1, respectively. The disk information area 4 on the innermost side is a lead-in (l
Also referred to as an “ad-in” region. The outermost disk information area 4 is also called a lead-out area.

[0006] Recording and reproduction of data are performed on the data recording area 5. An absolute address called a physical sector number is assigned to each sector 3 of the data recording area 5 in advance.

FIG. 18A shows a configuration of an ECC block which is a unit of calculation of an error correction code. ECC block is 1
Main data arranged in 72 bytes × 48 rows, inner code parity PI calculated for each row (in the horizontal direction), and error correction code calculated for each column (in the vertical direction) Outer parity parity PO.

An error correction method using an inner code parity and an outer code parity is generally called an error correction method using a product code. The error correction method using a product code is an error correction method that is strong against both random errors and burst errors (locally concentrated errors). For example, consider a case where a burst error of two lines occurs due to a scratch in addition to a random error. A burst error can be corrected because most of it is a 2-byte error when viewed from the outer code. A column in which many random errors exist cannot be corrected by the outer code and an error remains, but the remaining error can be corrected in most cases by the inner code. Even if an error remains due to the inner code, the error can be further reduced by correcting again with the outer code. In the DVD, by using such a product code, a sufficient correction capability is realized while suppressing the redundancy of the parity. In other words, the amount of user data can be increased as much as the parity redundancy is suppressed.

In a larger-capacity DVD, one ECC block is composed of 16 sectors in order to achieve both high error correction capability and low redundancy. However, in FIG. 18A, for convenience, it is assumed that an ECC block is composed of four sectors.

FIG. 18B shows a configuration of a sector included in an ECC block. The outer code parity of the ECC block is divided into a plurality of rows and is equally distributed to each sector. As a result, one recording sector is composed of 182 bytes × 13 rows of data.

The host controller (generally corresponds to a host computer) instructs the optical disk device to record or reproduce data in sector units. When the reproduction of a certain sector is instructed, the optical disk device reproduces the ECC block including the sector from the disk, corrects the error, and returns only the data portion corresponding to the specified sector. When the recording of a certain sector is instructed, the optical disk device reproduces the ECC block including the sector from the disk, corrects the error, and receives a data portion corresponding to the specified sector from the higher-level control device. Replace with the recording data, recalculate and re-add the error correction code for the ECC block,
Record the CC block on the disc. In particular, such a recording operation is referred to as a read modified write (Rea).
d Modified Write).

In the following description, a block means the above-mentioned ECC block.

FIG. 19 shows an example of the physical space of the disk 1 in the defect management method of the ISO standard. The data recording area 5 includes a volume space 6 and a spare area 9.

The volume space 6 is managed by continuous addresses called logical sector numbers. The volume space 6 includes a logical volume space 6a and a volume structure 6b indicating the structure of the logical volume space 6a.

The spare area 9 includes at least one sector that can be used in place of a defective sector when a defective sector occurs in the volume space 6.

In the example shown in FIG. 19, a file A (shown as "File-A" in FIG. 19) exists immediately below a root directory (shown as "ROOT" in FIG. 19). . Among the data blocks a to c included in the data extent of the root directory, the data block c is a defective block. The defective block c is replaced by the spare block # 1 in the spare area 9. Among the data blocks d to g included in the data extent of the file A, the data block f is a defective block. The defective block f is replaced by a spare block # 2 in the spare area 9.

The replacement relationship between the defective block and the spare block in the spare area 9 is determined by a secondary defect list (Secondary).
ry Defect List (SDL). The SDL is stored in the defect management information area as a part of the defect management information.

[0018] More recently, there has been a movement to use a rewritable optical disk as a cheaper bare disk without a cartridge, as with a read-only optical disk. From the viewpoint of defect management, since a bare disk is likely to have a fingerprint, there is a concern that defective sectors increase more than expected. Therefore, a method of dynamically expanding a spare area which has been conventionally fixed has been studied.

Subsequently, with the increase in the capacity of optical disks and the practical use of moving image compression techniques, applications for recording and reproducing moving images on optical disks have been developed. For applications requiring real-time properties such as moving images, the conventional defect management method has a problem. That is, if a defective sector is replaced with a spare sector that is physically far away, extra time is required to move the optical head, and real-time performance cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, a defect management method that replaces the method of replacing the spare sector with a spare sector located far from the defective sector is being studied.

Hereinafter, as a second background art, a method of recording and reproducing AV data (ie, audio video data) under study will be described.

FIGS. 20A and 20B are layout diagrams of AV data on a disk in recording and reproducing AV data. 20A and 20B, the suffix h is 16
Indicates a base number.

FIG. 20A shows the AV when no defective sector exists.
FIG. 3 is a layout diagram of data. If there is no defective sector, AV data from # 1 data to # 4 data can be recorded in sectors having consecutive logical sector numbers (LSN). Also, AV data can be reproduced by reproducing sectors having consecutive logical sector numbers.

FIG. 20B shows the AV when there is a defective sector.
FIG. 3 is a layout diagram of data. FIG. 20B shows an example in which 16 sectors with logical sector numbers from n to n + 0Fh are detected as defective sectors during data recording. In this case, the ECC block including the detected defective sector is skipped. As a result, # 3 data and # 4 data are recorded in sectors with logical sector numbers n + 10h to n + 1Fh and sectors with logical sector numbers n + 20h to n + 2Fh, respectively. Such a skip operation in units of ECC blocks is called block skip.

FIG. 21 shows an example of the physical space of the disk 1 in recording and reproducing AV data.

In the example shown in FIG. 21, a file A (shown as "File-A" in FIG. 21) containing AV data as a content immediately below a root directory (shown as "ROOT" in FIG. 21). Exists). Data block c among data blocks a to c included in the data extent of the root directory
Is a defective block. The defective block c is replaced by the spare block # 1 in the spare area 9. It is assumed that a defective block f is detected in an area of the file A where an AV data extent is to be recorded. In this case, the defective block f is skipped. as a result,
The AV data extent of the file A is divided into an AV data extent I including a data block d and a data block e, and an AV data extent II including a data block g and a data block h.

The fact that defective block c has been replaced by spare block # 1 in spare area 9 is registered in the SDL. However, the defective block f is not registered in the SDL. Defective block f was just skipped,
This is because no spare block is assigned to the defective block f and no replacement is performed.

Hereinafter, referring to FIGS. 22A to 22C, S
The problem of the presence of a defective block not registered in the DL will be described.

FIG. 22A shows a normally recorded ECC block. The ECC block is recorded over a plurality of sectors. Each sector starts with an ID in which a physical sector number or the like is described. Data is recorded in an area following the ID. The data is obtained by adding an error correction code to the main data and further interleaving the main data to which the error correction code has been added (FIG. 18).
reference).

FIG. 22B shows an ECC block for which overwriting has failed. When new data is overwritten on the ECC block shown in FIG. 22A, an error correction code corresponding to the new main data is added. In the example shown in FIG. 22B, since the ID of the third sector is a bad ID, up to the first two sectors are rewritten with new ECC block data, and the remaining two sectors are replaced with the old ECC block.
The data remains in the CC block.

FIG. 22C shows the structure of the reproduction data of the ECC block whose overwriting has failed. 4 shown in FIG. 22B
When two sectors are reproduced, two data are mixed. In FIG. 22C, the two data are displayed so that the directions of the oblique lines are different. This means that error correction always fails in the vertical direction using the outer code parity PO.

As can be seen from the above description, a block that has failed to record even once in the middle becomes a block that cannot be reproduced. In order to record data in some sectors of this block, a read-modified-write operation is required. However, a read-modified-write operation for a block that cannot be reproduced always fails. Therefore, this block is a block that cannot be recorded again. This block is also a block that cannot be replaced later. Because
This is because data to be moved to the replacement block cannot be reproduced from this block, as in the case of the read modified write operation.

[0032]

However, if an attempt is made to incorporate a dynamically expandable spare area method into the defect management method of the ISO standard for a fixed-size spare area, a temporary area that has not been possible in the past can be obtained. In other cases, the spare area is depleted (that is, there is no available spare area). A method of managing a defective block detected when the spare area is temporarily exhausted has not been studied. Since the read-modified-write operation for the unmanaged defective block fails, there is a problem that data cannot be recorded in the defective block in sector units.

Also, when recording / reproducing AV data on a disk, the read / modify / write operation for a skipped defective block fails. Therefore, there is the same problem as the above-mentioned problem.

In view of the above problems, the present invention manages a defective block even when there is no spare block at the replacement destination, and reduces the probability that a read-modified-write operation will fail, thereby improving information reliability. recoding media,
An object of the present invention is to provide an information recording method, an information recording device, and an information reproducing device.

[0035]

According to the present invention, there is provided an information recording medium comprising: a volume space in which user data is recorded; a spare area including a spare area that can be used in place of a defective area included in the volume space; And a defect management information area in which defect management information for managing the defect area is recorded, wherein the defect management information indicates whether the defect area has been replaced by the replacement area. This includes the status information shown, thereby achieving the above object.

When the recording of the user data in the defective area is skipped, the status information indicating that the defective area has not been replaced with the replacement area may be written in the defect management information area. .

The spare area is an expandable area,
If the available spare area included in the spare area is temporarily insufficient, the status information indicating that the defective area has not been replaced with the spare area may be written to the defect management information area. Good.

The defect management information includes first position information indicating the position of the defective area and second position information indicating the position of the replacement area, and the state information includes a predetermined value of the second position information. It may indicate whether or not the defective area has been replaced with the replacement area based on whether or not the value is a value.

The defect management information includes first position information indicating the position of the defect area, second position information indicating the position of the replacement area, and a flag indicating whether the defect area has been replaced by the replacement area. And the status information may indicate whether or not the defective area has been replaced with the replacement area based on the value of the flag.

The defective area may be detected in units of an ECC block, which is a unit for performing error correction, and the defective area may be replaced with the replacement area in units of the ECC block.

The information recording method of the present invention manages a volume space in which user data is recorded, a spare area including a spare area that can be used instead of a defective area included in the volume space, and the defective area. An information recording method for recording information on an information recording medium having a defect management information area on which defect management information is recorded, wherein the step of detecting the defect area and the step of replacing the defect area with the replacement area Recording the status information indicating whether or not the defect management information is present in the defect management information area, thereby achieving the above object.

[0042] The information recording method further includes a step of skipping the recording of the user data in the defective area. If the recording of the user data in the defective area is skipped, the replacement of the defective area is performed. The status information indicating that the area has not been replaced may be written to the defect management information area.

The spare area is an expandable area,
The information recording method further includes a step of detecting that the available spare area included in the spare area is temporarily short, and the available spare area included in the spare area is temporarily short. In this case, the status information indicating that the defective area has not been replaced with the replacement area may be written in the defect management information area.

The defect management information includes first position information indicating the position of the defective area and second position information indicating the position of the replacement area, and the state information includes a predetermined value of the second position information. It may indicate whether or not the defective area has been replaced with the replacement area based on whether or not the value is a value.

The defect management information includes first position information indicating the position of the defect area, second position information indicating the position of the replacement area, and a flag indicating whether the defect area has been replaced by the replacement area. And the status information indicates whether or not the defective area has been replaced with the replacement area based on the value of the flag.

The defective area may be detected in units of an ECC block, which is a unit for performing error correction, and the defective area may be replaced with the replacement area in units of the ECC block.

The information recording apparatus of the present invention manages a volume space in which user data is recorded, a spare area including a spare area that can be used in place of a defective area included in the volume space, and the defective area. An information recording apparatus for recording information on an information recording medium having a defect management information area in which defect management information is recorded, wherein a detection unit for detecting the defect area, and the defect area is replaced with the replacement area And a recording unit for recording status information indicating whether or not the defect management information has been recorded in the defect management information area, whereby the object is achieved.

[0048] The information recording apparatus further comprises a skip unit for skipping the recording of the user data in the defective area, and the recording unit, when the recording of the user data in the defective area is skipped, The status information indicating that a defective area has not been replaced with the replacement area may be written in the defect management information area.

The spare area is an expandable area,
The information recording apparatus further includes a further detection unit that detects that the available spare area included in the spare area is temporarily short, and the recording unit includes an available spare area included in the spare area. When the area is temporarily insufficient, the status information indicating that the defective area has not been replaced with the replacement area may be written in the defect management information area.

The defect management information includes first position information indicating the position of the defect area and second position information indicating the position of the replacement area, and the state information includes a predetermined value of the second position information. It may indicate whether or not the defective area has been replaced with the replacement area based on whether or not the value is a value.

The defect management information includes first position information indicating the position of the defect area, second position information indicating the position of the replacement area, and a flag indicating whether or not the defect area has been replaced by the replacement area. And the status information may indicate whether or not the defective area has been replaced with the replacement area based on the value of the flag.

[0052] The defective area may be detected in units of an ECC block, which is a unit for performing error correction, and the defective area may be replaced with the replacement area in units of the ECC block.

The information reproducing apparatus of the present invention manages a volume space in which user data is recorded, a spare area including a spare area that can be used in place of a defective area included in the volume space, and the defective area. An information reproducing apparatus for reproducing information recorded on an information recording medium having a defect management information area in which defect management information is recorded, wherein the defect area is replaced with the replacement area. A state determining unit that determines whether or not the defective area has been replaced with the replacement area by referring to the state information. A control unit for controlling the reproduction of the user data, whereby the object is achieved.

The control section may skip the reproduction of the defective area when the defective area is not replaced with the replacement area.

When the defective area is not replaced with the replacement area, the control section has a fixed value as data obtained by reproducing the defective area regardless of the data of the defective area. Data may be output.

The defective area is detected in units of an ECC block, which is a unit for performing error correction, and the defective area is replaced with the replacement area in units of the ECC block, and the error correction is performed in one sector. And a second error correction for correcting an error over a plurality of sectors, wherein the control unit determines that the defective area is not replaced by the defective area when the defective area is not replaced by the replacement area. The first error correction may be performed on the data without performing the second error correction, and the first error-corrected data may be output.

[0057]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1) The disc 1 is a disc-shaped rewritable information recording medium. As disk 1, D
Any information recording medium including a VD-RAM can be used. Data can be recorded on the disc 1. Data recorded on the disc 1 can be reproduced. Recording and reproduction of data are performed in sector units or block units.

The physical structure of the disk 1 is the same as the structure shown in FIG. Therefore, the description is omitted here.

FIG. 1A shows the structure of the physical space of the disk 1. The area of the disk 1 includes one or more disk information areas 4 and a data recording area 5. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the disk information areas 4 are provided on the innermost side and the outermost side of the disk 1, respectively. The innermost disk information area 4 is also called a lead-in area. The outermost disk information area 4 is also called a lead-out area.

Data recording / reproduction is performed on the data recording area 5. All sectors in the data recording area 5 have a physical sector number (Physical Sector Num).
ber; hereinafter, abbreviated as PSN) is assigned in advance.

The data recording area 5 has a volume space 6
And a first spare area 7.

The volume space 6 is an area prepared for storing user data. In order to access the volume space 6, each sector included in the volume space 6 is assigned a logical sector number (Logical Sector).
Number; hereinafter, abbreviated as LSN). Data is recorded and reproduced by accessing the sector of the disk 1 using the LSN.

The first spare area 7 includes at least one sector that can be used in place of a defective sector when a defective sector occurs in the volume space 6. The first spare area 7 is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the disk 1 with respect to the volume space 6. This is because when a defective sector occurs in an area for storing file management information (unused space management information, a file entry of a root directory, etc.), the defective sector replacement process is performed at high speed. The file management information is stored near the sector to which the logical sector number “0” is assigned. Therefore, by arranging the first spare area 7 on the inner peripheral side of the disk 1 with respect to the volume space 6, the seek distance between the defective sector and the replacement sector can be reduced. This allows
The process of replacing defective sectors is speeded up. The frequency of accessing the file management information is high, and high data reliability is required for the file management information. Therefore, it is very useful to perform high-speed replacement processing of a defective sector generated in an area for storing file management information.

The volume space 6 includes a logical volume space 6a and a volume structure 6b indicating the structure of the logical volume space 6a. The logical volume space 6a includes unused space management information indicating whether a sector of the logical volume space 6a is used or unused, one or more data extents storing the contents of the file, and one or more data extents corresponding to the file. And a file entry in which the data extent is registered. The file is managed using these pieces of information.

The disk information area 4 includes the control data area 4
a and a defect management information area 4b. The defect management information area 4b contains defect management information 1 for managing a defective sector.
0 is stored.

The defect management information 10 includes the disk definition structure 1
1 and the primary defect list (Primary Defect)
List; hereinafter, abbreviated as PDL) 12 and a secondary defect list (hereinafter, abbreviated as SDL) 13.

The PDL 12 is used to manage defective sectors detected in the inspection of the disk 1 at the time of shipment. Inspection at the time of shipment of the disc 1
Made by the supplier.

The SDL 13 is used to manage defective sectors detected while the user is using the disk 1.

FIG. 1B shows the structure of the SDL 13.

The SDL 13 is a secondary defect list header (SDL header) 20 including an identifier indicating the SDL.
And information (SDL entry number information) 21 indicating the number of SDL entries 22 registered in the SDL, and one or more SDL entries.
DL entry 22 (first entry to m-th entry in the example shown in FIG. 1B). Note that the fact that the value of the SDL entry number information 21 is zero indicates that there is no defective sector registered in the SDL.

FIG. 1C shows the structure of the SDL entry 22.

The SDL entry 22 contains the status field 2
2a, a field 22b for storing information indicating the position of a defective sector, and a field 22c for storing information indicating the position of a replacement sector that replaces the defective sector.

The status field 22a is used to indicate whether a defective sector has been replaced by a replacement sector. The position of the defective sector is represented, for example, by the physical sector number of the defective sector. The position of the replacement sector is represented by, for example, the physical sector number of the replacement sector.

For example, the status field 22a may include a 1-bit flag 22a-1 and a reserved area 22a-2. For example, the fact that the value of the flag 22a-1 is 1 indicates that the defective sector has not been replaced with a replacement sector. The fact that the value of the flag 22a-1 is 0 indicates that the defective sector has been replaced by a replacement sector.

Alternatively, the status field 22a may include a 1-bit exhaustion flag 22a-3, a 1-bit AV flag 22a-4, and a reserved area 22a-5 (see FIG. 1D). The depletion flag 22a-3 and the AV flag 22a-4 are flags indicating the factor that the defective sector has not been replaced by the replacement sector. For example,
The fact that the value of the depletion flag 22a-3 is 1 indicates that the defective sector has not been replaced with a replacement sector because the first spare area 7 has been depleted. For example, the AV flag 22
The fact that the value of a-4 is 1 means that the detected defective sector is a defective sector detected while the AV data is being recorded on the disk 1, so that the defective sector is not replaced by a replacement sector. Indicates that

Alternatively, instead of providing the status field 22a, the field 22c for storing information indicating the position of the replacement sector indicates that there is no replacement destination (that is, the defective sector has not been replaced by the replacement sector). May be inserted (see FIG. 1E). The predetermined value is, for example, 0.

The format of the SDL entry 22 shown in FIGS. 1C to 1E is an example, and the format of the SDL entry 22 is not limited to these. The SDL entry 22 can take any format as long as the SDL contains status information indicating whether a defective sector has been replaced by a replacement sector.

For example, when the value of the state field 22a is 1, the number of identifiable states can be increased by setting the value of the field 22c to a predetermined value. For example, the fact that the value of the field 22c is set to 0 indicates that a newly detected defective sector has not been replaced by a replacement sector and no replacement sector has been allocated. For example, the fact that the value of the field 22c is set to a value other than 0 means that the previously detected defective sector has been replaced by the replacement sector specified by the field 22c, but the replacement has been canceled. Show.

Further, in the above description, defect management is performed on a sector basis, but defect management may be performed on a block including a plurality of sectors. In this case, instead of the information indicating the position of the defective sector, information indicating the position of the defective block (for example, the physical sector number of the first sector of the defective block) is registered in the SDL, and the information indicating the position of the replacement sector is registered. Instead, information indicating the position of the replacement block (for example, the physical sector number of the first sector of the replacement block) may be registered in the SDL. Defect management can also be performed in ECC block units, which are units for performing error correction.

As described above, the status information indicating whether the defective area (defective sector or defective block) has been replaced by the replacement area (replacement sector or replacement block) is stored in the defect management information area. Is detected, but the state that the defective area is not replaced with the replacement area can be managed.

FIG. 2 shows an example of the physical space of the disk 1 when a file A containing AV data as the content is recorded on the disk 1.

In the example shown in FIG. 2, immediately below the root directory (shown as “ROOT” in FIG. 2)
File A (indicated as “File-A” in FIG. 2) exists. Among the data blocks a to c included in the data extent of the root directory, the data block c is a defective block. The defective block c has been replaced by the # 1 spare block in the first spare area 7. It is assumed that a defective block f is detected in an area of the file A where an AV data extent is to be recorded. In this case, the defective block f is skipped. As a result, the AV data extent of file A is an AV data extent I (File-A) including a data block d and a data block e, and an AV data extent II (File-A) including a data block g and a data block h. And divided into

First SDL entry 2 of SDL 13
2 indicates that the defective block c has been replaced by the # 1 spare block in the first spare area 7.

Second SDL entry 2 of SDL 13
Reference numeral 2 indicates that the defective block f which was detected when the AV data was recorded on the disk 1 and was skipped was not replaced with a replacement block.

FIG. 3 shows an example of the physical space of the disc 1 when a file A containing AV data as content is recorded on the disc 1 and a file B containing data other than AV data as content is recorded on the disc 1. Is shown.

In the example shown in FIG. 3, the location where the data extent of file B is recorded
Is specified. As a result, the defective block f is replaced with the # 2 spare block in the first spare area 7. With this replacement process, the second SDL entry 2 of the SDL 13
The value of the status field 22a of 2 is updated from 1 to 0,
The information indicating the position of the # 2 spare block is a field 22
c.

Here, it is assumed that the size of the data extent of file B is equal to the size of one block. The configuration information of the data extent of the file B is described in the file entry of the file B. The LSN corresponding to file B is described as used in the unused space management information. File B is registered in the data extent of the root directory.

If the optical disk apparatus attempts to record data in some sectors of the defective block f without knowing that the defective block f is a defective block in which the recording of the AV data has failed, the above-mentioned problem occurs. No. The reason is as follows. The optical disk device
A read-modified-write operation is performed so as not to change the data of other sectors belonging to the same ECC block as the sector requested to be recorded. The optical disk device
Attempts to reproduce data in a read-modified-write operation always fail. As a result, the data cannot be obtained in units of ECC required for recording in the spare block, so that the replacement process cannot be performed.

If the optical disk apparatus knows that the defective block f is a defective block in which recording of AV data has failed, it can be determined that valid user data is not recorded in the defective block f. .
This is because it is important to record AV data in real time, and it is required that AV data be recorded on the disc 1 in ECC block units. In other words, it is not required to rewrite only a part of the sector of the ECC block. Therefore, it is not necessary to perform a read-modified-write operation on the skipped defective block so as not to change the data of another sector belonging to the same ECC block as the sector requested to be recorded. Therefore, it is possible to generate an ECC block by filling data of another sector with 0, and record the ECC block in a spare block at a replacement destination.

FIG. 4 shows an example of the physical space of the disk 1 when the available spare area included in the spare area is temporarily exhausted (insufficient).

As compared with the example of the physical space shown in FIG.
An expandable second spare area 8 is allocated to the data recording area 5. With the allocation of the second spare area 8,
The size of the volume space 6 and the size of the logical volume space 6a are reduced by the size of the second spare area 8. Prior to the allocation of the second spare area 8, the volume structure 6b arranged on the outer peripheral side of the disk 1 is moved in the inner peripheral direction of the disk 1. The size of the unused space management information is adjusted according to the size of the logical volume space 6a.

In the example shown in FIG. 4, immediately below the root directory (shown as “ROOT” in FIG. 4),
File A (indicated as “File-A” in FIG. 4), file B (indicated as “File-B” in FIG. 4), and file C during recording (in FIG. 4, “File-A”)
-C ").

The data block c included in the data extent of the root directory is a defective block. The defective block c has been replaced by the # 1 spare block in the first spare area 7.

A data block f included in the data extent of file A is a defective block. The defective block f is replaced by a # 2 spare block in the first spare area 7.

Data block h and data block j included in the data extent of file B are defective blocks. The defective block h and the defective block j are replaced by a # 3 spare block and a # 4 spare block in the second spare area 8, respectively. The data block m that was to be recorded as the data extent of the file C was detected as a defective block during recording, but no spare block was available in the first spare area 7 and the second spare area 8. Was. Therefore, the file C is in an incomplete state.

The SDL 13 includes the SDL shown in FIG.
13, a field 23 for storing information indicating the position of the second spare area 8 is added. As information indicating the position of the second spare area 8, for example, the physical sector number of the first sector of the second spare area 8 is stored in the field 23. Field 23 is the second
It is provided for dynamically expanding the spare area 8.

First SDL entry 2 of SDL 13
2 indicates that the defective block c has been replaced by the # 1 spare block in the first spare area 7.

Second SDL entry 2 of SDL 13
2 indicates that the defective block f has been replaced by the # 2 spare block in the first spare area 7.

Third SDL entry 2 of SDL 13
2 indicates that the defective block h has been replaced by a # 3 spare block in the second spare area 8.

Fourth SDL entry 2 of SDL 13
2 indicates that the defective block j has been replaced by a # 4 spare block in the second spare area 8.

Fifth SDL entry 2 of SDL 13
2 indicates that the defective block m has not been replaced with a spare block.

FIG. 5 shows an example of the physical space of the disk 1 when the recording of the file C is performed again after the expansion of the second spare area 8.

As shown in FIG. 5, the second spare area 8
Has been extended. The size of the volume space 6 and the size of the logical volume space 6a are reduced by the extent that the second spare area 8 is expanded.

Prior to the expansion of the second spare area 8, the volume structure 6b disposed on the outer peripheral side of the disk 1 is moved in the inner peripheral direction of the disk 1. The size of the unused space management information is adjusted according to the size of the logical volume space 6a.

The data block m included in the data extent of the file C is replaced by the # 5 spare block in the extended second spare area 8. The data extent of file C has three data blocks l,
m and n. The configuration information of the data extent of the file C is described in the file entry of the file C. The LSN corresponding to the file C is described as used in the unused space management information. File C is registered in the data extent of the root directory.

Fifth SDL entry 2 of SDL 13
2 is a second spare area 8 in which the data block m is extended
# 5 spare block has been replaced.

Unlike the case where an attempt to record AV data fails, the case where an attempt to record data other than the AV data fails, there may be valid user data in the defective block. Accordingly, the process of recovering such a defective block is somewhat more complicated than when the defective block does not contain valid user data.

It is assumed that an optical disk device has been requested to record data in a sector included in a defective block (ECC block) to which a replacement block has not been assigned. In this case, the optical disc device performs the following for each of the other sectors in the ECC block including the sector.
Data is reproduced using only the inner code parity PI (refer to FIG. 22C) that is independent for each sector, and a read / write / write operation is performed using the reproduced data.

As described above, since the outer code parity PO is not used, the error correction capability is reduced.
If the error can be corrected by I, the error can be corrected.

When registering a defective block to which a replacement block is not assigned in the SDL only when there is no valid user data in the defective block, the process of recovering the defective block is performed by the above-described AV data. This is the same as the processing when the recording fails.

As described above, if a defective area is detected when data (eg, AV data) requiring real-time properties is recorded on the disk 1, the data is not recorded in the defective area ( That is, the defective area is skipped). The position of the defective area is written in the defect management information area 4b of the disk 1. Also, status information indicating that the defective area has not been replaced with a replacement area is written to the defect management information area 4b of the disk 1. When it is required to record data (for example, data other than AV data) that does not require real-time property in the defective area, the defective area is replaced with a replacement area without performing a read-modified-write operation. Is done. The position of the replacement area is written in the defect management information area 4b of the disk 1.

As described above, the read-modified-write operation which is always known to fail in advance is avoided, and the defective area is replaced with the spare area, so that data which does not require real-time performance in the spare area is recorded. Can be successful.

Further, a replacement area is not assigned to the defective area until it is actually requested to record data in the defective area. This offers the advantage that the spare area is not wasted.

When the spare area is an expandable area, the available spare area included in the spare area may be temporarily short. If the replacement area cannot be allocated to the detected defective area due to a temporary shortage of the available replacement area included in the spare area, the position of the defective area is stored in the defect management information area 4b of the disk 1. Written. Further, a spare area is not assigned to the defective area, and status information indicating that the spare area is not replaced is written to the defect management information area 4b of the disk 1. After the spare area is extended to secure a usable spare area, a spare area is assigned to the defective area, and the spare area is replaced with the spare area. The position of the replacement area is written in the defect management information area 4b of the disk 1.

In the information recording medium described above, when a defective area is detected, a spare area is not allocated to the defective area, but a valid data is recorded in a logical volume space corresponding to the defective area. , A replacement area is assigned to the defective area. Such an information recording medium has an advantage in that the spare area can be used effectively.

The advantage due to the effective use of the spare area does not depend on the configuration of the error correction code which requires the read-modified-write operation.

(Embodiment 2) Hereinafter, information is recorded on the disc 1 described in Embodiment 1 or
An embodiment of an information recording / reproducing system that reproduces information recorded in a system will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram showing the principle of recording AV data on the disk 1 or reproducing the AV data recorded on the disk 1.

When recording AV data on the disk 1, unused space management information in the logical volume space 6a is referred to. An unused area in the logical volume space 6a is searched based on the unused space management information. It is necessary to satisfy a condition that the number of blocks in the continuously unused area is larger than the number of blocks required for AV data to be recorded by a predetermined number or more. Here, the predetermined number is
Skipping corresponds to the allowable number of blocks. As a result of the search, when an unused area satisfying the condition is found, the AV data is allocated to the unused area.

In the example shown in FIG. 6, the AV data 63 is allocated to an unused area 62 included in the area 61. The area 61 is a part of the logical volume space 6a. The unused area 62 includes blocks B ₁ to B
_{Consists of ten} .

The parameter of the skip recording command is the unused area 62 to which the AV data 63 is allocated (ie,
It is generated based on the size of the allocation area) and the size of the AV data 63 (that is, the AV data size).

Reference numeral 65 indicates a recording operation when a skip recording instruction is executed.

When recording the AV data 63 in the unused area 62, a defective block is detected. AV data 63
The defective block is recorded in the unused area 62 while skipping the detected defective block. In the example shown in FIG.
₄ and the block B ₇ are defective block. Therefore, AV
Some data 63 is recorded in the block B ₁ ~B _3, AV
Another part of the data 63 is recorded in the block B ₅ .about.B _6,
The remaining portion of the AV data 63 is recorded in the block B ₈ .about.B _9. Padding data 64 following AV data 63
There is recorded in the block B _9. Padding data 64
Are arranged such that the end of the padding data 64 matches the boundary of the block. As a result of the recording operation, block B
₁ ~B _3, B ₅ ~B ₆ and B ₈ .about.B ₉ becomes spent. Blocks B ₄ , B ₇ and B ₁₀ are unused.

The positions of the defective blocks B ₄ and B ₇ are stored in the defect list 66a. The contents of the defect list 66a are stored in the defect management information area 4b on the disc 1 at appropriate timing.
And is reported to the file system as a skip list 66b as needed. From the reported skip list 66b, the file system determines the position of the AV data extent 66c indicating the area where the AV data 63 is recorded and the fraction of the ECC block (that is, the E
The position of the padding extent 66d indicating the sector in which the AV data is not recorded in the CC block is obtained, and the file management information is updated.

The parameters of the skip reproduction command are the size of the allocation area and the AV data size.

Reference numeral 67 indicates a reproducing operation when a skip reproducing instruction is executed.

When reproducing the AV data 63 recorded on the disk 1, the SDL 13 is referred to. The AV data 63 is reproduced while skipping the defective block registered in the SDL.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an information recording / reproducing system 700 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 7, an information recording / reproducing system 700 includes a host controller 710 for controlling the entire system, and a rewritable disk 1 (FIG. 7) in response to a command from the host controller 710. (Not shown), a disk recording / reproducing drive 720 for performing recording / reproducing control, a magnetic disk device 750, and an AV data output unit 7 for converting digital AV data into analog video / audio signals and outputting the signals.
60 and the input analog AV signal
It includes an AV data input section 770 for converting data and data, and an I / O bus 780 for transmitting and receiving data and control information.

The host controller 710 includes a microprocessor having a control program and an operation memory. The host control device 710 includes a recording area allocating unit 711 that allocates a recording area at the time of recording, a file management information creating unit 712 that creates file management information of the recorded file,
A file management information interpreting unit 713 for calculating a file recording position and determining attribute information from the file management information; and a data buffer memory 714 for temporarily storing data.
And an instruction issuing unit 715 for issuing an instruction to the disk recording / reproducing drive 720.

The instruction issuing section 715 issues a skip recording instruction issuing section 716 for requesting to perform recording while skipping a defective area, and recording position information for determining an area where data is recorded after recording. A recording position request command issuing unit 717 for issuing a recording position request command for requesting the return of a defective area, and a skip reproduction command issuing unit 718 for issuing a skip reproduction command for requesting reproduction while skipping a defective area.

The disk recording / reproducing drive 720 includes a microprocessor having a control program and an operation memory. The disk recording / reproducing drive 720 includes a mechanism unit and a signal processing circuit controlled by a microprocessor, and includes an instruction processing unit 721 for processing an instruction from the higher-level control device 710 and a command processing unit 721 for recording on the rewritable disk 1. A recording control unit 730 for performing control and a reproduction control unit 740 for performing control during reproduction from the rewritable disc 1 are functionally provided.

The instruction processing unit 721 includes a skip recording instruction processing unit 722 for processing a skip recording instruction and a recording position request instruction processing unit 723 for processing a recording position request instruction.
And a skip playback command processing unit 724 for processing the skip playback command.

The recording control section 730 includes a defect area detection section 731 for detecting a defective area at the time of recording, a skip recording control section 732 for recording while skipping the defective area detected at the time of recording, and information on a position at which data is recorded. A recording position storage memory 733 for storing the data, a data checker 734 for reading out the data recorded after the recording to check whether or not the data is normally recorded, and a control required for recording a recording start position, a recording length, and the like. A recording control information memory 735 for storing information, and a recording data storage memory 736 for temporarily storing recording data received from the host controller 710
And a skip position recording unit 737 that records a defective area detected and skipped during recording in defect management information.

The reproduction control section 740 stores a reproduction position storage memory 743 for storing information on the position at which data is reproduced.
A skip playback control unit 742 that plays back while skipping the defective area with reference to the playback position storage memory 743;
A reproduction control information memory 745 for storing control information necessary for reproduction such as a reproduction start position and a reproduction length; a read data storage memory 746 for temporarily storing data read from the rewritable disc 1; And a skip position reading unit 747 for reading the position of the defective area to be skipped from the memory into the reproduction position storage memory 743.

Next, a recording method for recording a file including AV data on the disc 1 using the information recording / reproducing system 700 shown in FIG. 7 will be described.

FIG. 8 shows each step of the recording method.

In FIG. 8, the file management information of the file (“AV_FILE”) recorded on the rewritable disk 1 is read out when the disk 1 is inserted into the disk recording / reproducing drive 720, and the file management information interpreting unit 7
13, it is assumed that it is held inside the host controller 710.

In FIG. 8, reference numeral 81 denotes a process executed by the host controller 710, reference numeral 82 denotes a process executed by the disk recording / reproducing drive 720, and reference numeral 83 denotes a host controller. 71
11 shows the flow of commands, data, and processing results in the I / F protocol between the disk drive 0 and the disk recording / reproducing drive 720.

(Step 801) Host controller 710
Controls the AV data input unit 770 to start the receiving operation of the AV data. At this time, the AV data input unit 770
Input from the AV data input unit 770
After being converted to digital data in the data buffer memory 714, the data is transferred via the I / O bus 780.
Is stored in

(Step 802) The recording area allocating section 711 of the host control device 710 acquires information indicating the free area of the rewritable disc 1 from the file management information interpreting section 713 prior to recording of the AV data. The empty area is allocated as a recording area. Here, the recording area allocating unit 7
Numeral 11 performs area allocation in consideration of the size of the area to be allocated and the physical distance between the areas so that AV data can be smoothly reproduced during reproduction.

(Step 803) The skip recording command issuing unit 716 of the host control device 710 sets the recording area allocating unit 71
1 obtains the position information of the area allocated and sends a skip recording command to the disc recording / reproducing drive 720. "
At this time, the skip recording command issuing unit 716 issues a “SKIP WRITE” command.
Recording area allocating section 711 as a parameter of E ″ command
And the size information to be recorded are designated. In addition, "SKIP WRIT
Subsequent to the E "command, data of the size specified by this command is transferred from the data buffer memory 714 to the disk recording / reproducing drive 720.

FIG. 23A and FIG. 23B show “SKIP
Here is an example of the format of the WRITE command.

FIG. 23A shows an example of the format of the "SKIP WRITE" command which can specify both the allocated area and the data size to be recorded by issuing a single command. Byte 0 contains “SKIP W
A unique instruction code indicating that the command is a "RITE" command is stored. Bytes 2 to 5 store a logical sector number indicating a head sector of an area to be allocated. Bytes 6 to 7 store data to be recorded. The number of sectors corresponding to the size is stored in bytes 8 to 9. The number of sectors corresponding to the area size to be allocated is stored.

FIG. 23B shows an example of the format of the "SKIP WRITE" command which can specify the allocated area and the data size to be recorded by issuing the command a plurality of times. Byte 0 contains “SKIP WR
A unique instruction code indicating that the command is an "ITE" command is stored. An operation option is provided in bit 0 of byte 1. When the operation option is 1, the assigned area is designated. When the operation option is 0, it indicates that the data size to be recorded is specified.
5 stores the logical sector number indicating the leading sector of the area to be allocated, and bytes 7 to 8 store the number of sectors corresponding to the area size to be allocated. When the operation option is 0, bytes 7 and 8 store the number of sectors corresponding to the data size to be recorded.

The format of the command shown in FIGS. 23A and 23B is “SKIP WRITE”.
This is just an example of the command format. As long as the position information of the allocated area and the size information of the data to be recorded can be specified, “SKIP WRITE”
Commands can take any format.

(Step 804) Upon receiving the “SKIP WRITE” command issued from the higher-level control device 710, the skip recording command processing unit 722 of the disk recording / reproducing drive 720 stores the recording control information memory 735 and the recording position storage memory 733 Initialization is performed according to the “SKIP WRITE” command, and the skip recording control unit 732 is activated. The skip recording control unit 732 uses the defective area detection unit 731 to detect a defective block being recorded (a newly found defective block or a registered one in the SDL), and stores the data from the recording data storage memory 736 into the disk 1. Is recorded in the non-defective block. Each time a defective block is detected, the number of skippable blocks in the recording control information memory 735 is reduced by one, and the position of the defective block is stored in the recording position storage memory 733. Each time a block is successfully recorded, the number of recording completed blocks in the recording control information memory 735 is increased by one. If the recording of the requested block is completed before the number of skippable blocks becomes less than 0, the process ends normally. If it is specified to inspect data reproduced after recording, the defective blocks detected by the data inspection unit 734 are skipped in addition to the defective blocks detected by the defective area detection unit 731.

As described above, the skip recording control unit 732
Skips a defective area detected during recording and continues the recording operation until all data is normally recorded while storing the skipped position information.

(Step 805) The disk recording / reproducing drive 720 that has performed the skip recording process returns an end status to the host controller 710.

(Step 806) The recording position request command issuing section 717 of the host control device 710 inquires of the position information of the defective area skipped in the skip recording processing of step 804. “REPORT SKIPPED
ADDRESS "command is issued to the disk recording / reproducing drive 720.

FIG. 24A shows “REPORT SKIPP”.
An example of the format of the “ED ADDRESS” command is shown below.
A unique instruction code indicating that the command is an "ADDRESS" command is stored. Bytes 7 and 8 store an upper limit value of the size of data to be reported.

FIG. 24B shows “REPORT SKIPP”.
Here is an example of the format of the data reported in response to the "ED ADDRESS" command.
The number of reported location information is stored. In each of the four bytes after byte 4, the position information of the skipped defective area is stored.

The format of the command shown in FIG. 24A and the format of the data shown in FIG. 24B are merely examples. These commands or data can adopt any format as long as the position information of the skipped defective area can be queried.

(Step 812) Skip position recording section 7
37 registers the position information of the defective area stored in the recording position storage memory 733 during the skip recording process in step 804 as an entry in the SDL. Thus, the defect management information is updated.

(Step 807) "REPORT SK
Upon receiving the “IPPED ADDRESS” command, the recording position request command processing unit 723 of the disk recording / reproducing drive 720 returns the position information of the defective area stored in the recording position storage memory 733 during the skip recording process in step 804 as skip address data. I do.

(Step 808) Upon receiving the skip address data, the file management information creation section 712 of the host control device 710 creates file management information. here,
The file management information creation unit 712 determines that data is recorded in an area other than the skipped area indicated by the skip address data, creates a file entry of the AV file, and uses an unused file corresponding to the area determined to be recorded. The bit of the space management information is set to 1 (used). Further, the file management information creation unit 712 specifies a skipped area from the skip address data returned in step 807, and sets the bit of unused space management information corresponding to the skipped area to 0 (unused).
Set to. Also, the file management information creation unit 712
If the end of the file extent is in the middle of the ECC block, the remaining area of the ECC block is registered as a padding extent. At this time, the extent type of the padding extent is set to 1 meaning padding extent, and the bit of unused space management information corresponding to the padding extent is set to 1 (used). After that, the file management information creation unit 712 stores the created file management information in the data buffer memory 714 in order to record the created file management information on the rewritable disc 1.

(Step 809) The host control device 710 uses the disk recording / reproducing drive 720 to record the file management information stored in the data buffer memory 714.
"WRIT requires recording by the conventional recording method.
An "E" command is issued, where the LSN at which recording is started and the number of sectors to be recorded are specified as parameters of the "WRITE" command.

(Step 810) The disk recording / reproducing drive 720 receives the “WRITE” command, and stores the file management information on the disk 1 according to the conventional recording method.
To record. The defective area detected in the recording operation by the "WRITE" command is subjected to a replacement process by a conventional replacement method.

(Step 811) When recording of all data specified by the “WRITE” command is completed, the disk recording / reproducing drive 720 returns an end status to the host controller 710.

Step 812 may be performed immediately after step 804, or may be performed when there is no request from higher-level control device 710 for a predetermined time or more after step 811 ends.

As described above, the disk recording / reproducing drive 720 detects a defective area when recording AV data requiring real-time property on the disk 1, and skips the defective area. No spare area is assigned to the skipped defective area. The position of the skipped defect area is recorded in the defect management information area 4b of the rewritable disk 1.

Next, a description will be given of a reproducing method for reproducing a file including AV data recorded on the disk 1 using the information recording / reproducing system 700 shown in FIG.

FIG. 9 shows each step of the reproducing method.

In FIG. 9, reference numeral 91 denotes a process executed by the host controller 710,
Denotes a process executed by the disk recording / reproducing drive 720, and reference numeral 93 denotes a flow of commands, data, and processing results in the I / F protocol between the host controller 710 and the disk recording / reproducing drive 720.

(Step 901) The disc recording / reproducing drive 720 reads the defect management information on the rewritable disc 1 using the skip position reading unit 747 when the rewritable disc 1 is mounted and when the defect management information is updated. , In the playback position storage memory 743.

(Step 902) The recording area allocating section 711 of the host control device 710 allocates the AV data recording area previously allocated in step 802 as a reproduction area.

(Step 903) The skip reproduction command issuing section 718 of the host control device 710 acquires the position information of the area allocated in step 902, and issues a skip reproduction command to the disk recording / reproduction drive 720.
The “SKIP READ” command is issued. The skip reproduction command issuing unit 718 specifies the position information of the area allocated in step 902 and the size information to be reproduced as parameters of the “SKIP READ” command. Following the command, data of the size specified by this command is transferred from the disk recording / reproducing drive 720 to the data buffer memory 714.
(Step 905).

[0168] The "SKIP READ" command
23A and 23B. For example, a unique instruction code indicating that the command is a “SKIP READ” command may be set in byte 0 in the format of FIGS. 23A and 23B. This is an example of the format of the “SKIP READ” command. As long as the position information of the allocated area and the size information of the data to be reproduced can be designated, “
The "SKIP READ" command may employ any format.

(Step 904) The skip reproduction command processing unit 724 of the disk recording / reproduction drive 720 that has received the “SKIP READ” command issued from the higher-level control device 710 stores the “SKI” in the reproduction control information memory 745.
Initialize according to the “P READ” command to activate the skip reproduction control unit 742. The skip reproduction control unit 74
2 reproduces a block that is not a defective block of the disk 1 while referring to the reproduction position storage memory 743, and stores data in the read data storage memory 746. Each time a block is successfully reproduced, the number of reproduction completed blocks in the reproduction control information memory 745 is increased by one. When the reproduction of the requested block is completed, the process ends normally.

(Step 905) In step 904, the AV data stored in the read data storage memory 746 is transferred to the host controller 710.

(Step 906) The received AV data is transferred to the AV data output section 760. The AV data output unit 760 converts the input data into an analog video / audio signal and outputs it.

(Step 907) The disk recording / reproducing drive 720 that has performed the skip reproducing process returns an end status to the host controller 710.

As described above, when reproducing AV data that requires real-time performance, the disk recording / reproducing drive 720 refers to the defect management information to reproduce the AV data.
A while skipping the defective area on the rewritable disc 1
V data can be reproduced.

(Third Embodiment) Hereinafter, information is recorded on the disc 1 described in the first embodiment, or
An embodiment of an information recording / reproducing system that reproduces information recorded in a system will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a disk recording / reproducing drive 1020 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. The disk recording / reproduction drive 1020 is connected via the I / O bus 780 to the host controller 710 shown in FIG.
It is connected to the.

The disk recording / reproducing drive 1020 includes a microprocessor having a control program and an operation memory. The disk recording / reproducing drive 1020 includes a mechanism unit and a signal processing circuit controlled by a microprocessor, and includes an instruction processing unit 1021 for processing an instruction from the higher-level control device 710, and a recording / reproducing drive 1 A recording control unit 1030 for performing control, a reproduction control unit 1040 for performing control during reproduction from the rewritable disc 1,
A replacement information storage memory 1050 for storing information on a defective block and its replacement block and a data buffer 1060 for temporarily storing recording and reproduction data are functionally provided.

The command processing unit 1021 is a recording command processing unit 10 that performs processing of a normal recording command without skip recording.
22 and a playback command processing unit 1024 for processing a normal playback command without skip playback.

The recording control section 1030 includes a data synthesizing section 1031 for converting recording data from a sector unit to an ECC block unit, a block recording section 1032 for recording ECC block unit data on a rewritable disk 1, and a defective block. A replacement allocating unit 1033 for allocating a spare block to be replaced and an SDL updating unit 1034 for recording the contents of the replacement information storage memory 1050 in the SDL on the rewritable disk
And an ECC fraction checking unit 1035.

[0180] The reproduction control unit 1040 operates in the data buffer 1
0 data padding unit 1041 for rewriting a part of 060 to 0
A block reproducing unit 1042 for reproducing data in ECC block units from a rewritable disk; and a replacement information storage memory 1 for storing contents reproduced from SDL on a rewritable disk 1.
050 includes an SDL reading unit 1043 and an ECC fraction correction unit 1044.

Next, a description will be given of a reproducing method for reproducing ordinary computer data, which is not real-time data, recorded on the disk 1 by using the disk recording / reproducing drive 1020 shown in FIG.

FIG. 11 shows each step of the reproducing method.

In FIG. 11, reference numeral 111 indicates a process executed by the host controller 710, reference numeral 112 indicates a process executed by the disk recording / reproducing drive 1020, and reference numeral 113 indicates a process executed by the host controller 710. I between the disk recording and playback drive 1020
5 shows the flow of instructions, data, and processing results in the / F protocol. The details of the reproduction processing by the disk recording / reproduction drive 1020 will be described later, and thus will be described only briefly here.

(Step 1101) The disc recording / reproducing drive 1020 reads the defect management information on the rewritable disc 1 using the SDL reading unit 1043 when the rewritable disc 1 is mounted and when the defect management information is updated. It is stored in the replacement information storage memory 1050.

(Step 1102) Host controller 710
Analyzes the file structure to determine the position of the area where the computer data is stored.

(Step 1103) Host controller 710
Acquires information indicating the position of the area determined in step 1102, and
Issue a "READ" command, which is a normal reproduction command.

(Step 1104) Upon receiving the “READ” command, the reproduction command processing unit 1024 of the disk recording / reproduction drive 1020 reads the specified data from the rewritable disk 1, and transfers the data to the higher-level control device 710 ( In step 1105), when the transfer of all the requested data is completed, an end status is returned (step 1107).

(Step 1106) The reproduced data transferred via the I / F protocol is stored in the data buffer memory 714 of the host controller 710.

When the host controller 710 receives an end status via the I / F protocol, the data stored in the data buffer memory 714 is used as computer data.

FIG. 12 shows a disk recording / reproducing drive 10
20 (step 1 in FIG. 11)
It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of 104).

The area requested to be reproduced is specified in sector units. The ECC fraction correction unit 1044 obtains an ECC block including the area requested to be reproduced (step 12).
01). Here, S is the LSN of the first sector of the area requested to be reproduced, and N is the number of sectors in the area requested to be reproduced.
And the number of sectors constituting the ECC block is E,
The LSN (S_ECC) of the first sector of the area that needs to be reproduced in consideration of the ECC block and the number of sectors (N_ECC) of the area that needs to be reproduced can be obtained by the following equations.

S_ECC = [S ÷ E] × EN_ECC = [(S + N + E−1) ÷ E] × E−S_ECC Here, [α] indicates a maximum integer not exceeding α.

If all blocks that need to be reproduced have not been stored in the data buffer 1060 (step 1202), the SDL is referenced (step 120).
3). As a result, if the block to be reproduced is not registered as a defective block in the SDL, the process proceeds to step 1204, and the block to be reproduced is registered in the SDL as a defective block to which a spare block to be replaced is assigned. If yes, go to step 1
Proceeding to 205, if the block to be reproduced is registered in the SDL as a defective block to which a replacement spare block has not been allocated, the processing proceeds to step 12
Proceed to 06.

At step 1204, the block to be reproduced is reproduced. In step 1205, a replacement spare block is reproduced instead of the block to be reproduced. In step 1206, the 0 data padding unit 1041 generates an ECC block padded with 0s instead of reproducing data from the disk 1. The ECC block filled with “0” is, for example, the data buffer 106
It is generated by filling a predetermined area of 0 with 0.

When all blocks that need to be reproduced have been stored in the data buffer 1060 (step 120).
2) The data stored in the data buffer 1060 is transferred to the host controller 710 (Step 1207), and the process ends.

When the replacement spare block is registered in the SDL as a defective block to which no spare block is assigned, instead of generating an ECC block filled with 0 as reproduction data of the defective block, a reproduction error and The determination may be made immediately and an error may be reported to the host controller 710. When a reproduction error is reported, the host controller 710 instructs recording on the block. As a result, a replacement process described later is performed. As a result, defective blocks are replaced with reproducible spare blocks in the logical volume space.

As described above, when reproduction is requested for a defective block to which a replacement spare block is not allocated, the disk recording / reproduction drive 1020 is filled with 0 without reporting a reproduction error. Return the data as playback data. Alternatively, when reproduction is requested for a defective block to which a replacement spare block has not been assigned, a reproduction error may be reported without spending time on a useless reproduction operation that will fail. .

Each step of the recording method for recording ordinary computer data, which is not real-time data, on the disk 1 is performed by using “WR” instead of the “READ” command in FIG.
It is almost the same as each step of the reproducing method shown in FIG. 11 except that the ITE "command is issued and the recording data is transferred in the reverse direction instead of the transfer of the reproduced data.

FIG. 13 shows a disc recording / reproducing drive 10.
9 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of a recording process performed by the recording device.

The disc recording / reproducing drive 1020 receives the data to be recorded from the host controller 710 and stores it in the data buffer 1060 (step 13).
01).

The area for which recording is requested is specified in sector units. The ECC fraction checking unit 1035 determines an ECC block that includes the area requested to be recorded.

Further, the ECC fraction checking unit 1035
If there is a fraction of the CC block, buffering processing is performed on the fraction. The buffering process is shown in FIG.
This is achieved by steps 1202 to 1206 enclosed by a broken line shown in FIG.

The first sector of the area requested to be recorded is EC
If it is not the first sector of the C block (that is, S ≠ S
In the case of _ECC) (step 1303), buffering processing of the ECC block including the head sector is performed (step 1304). When the last sector of the area requested to be recorded is not the last sector of the ECC block (that is, S + N ≠ S_ECC + N_ECC)
(Step 1305), the EC including the last sector
The buffering process of the C block is performed (step 1306).

The data synthesizing section 1031 performs the processing in step 130
1 and the data obtained in steps 1303 to 130
6. Synthesize with the data obtained in 6. As a result, recording data corresponding to all ECC blocks to be recorded is generated in the data buffer 1060 (Step 1307).

If the blocks that need to be recorded have not yet been recorded on the rewritable disc 1 (step 130)
8), the SDL is referenced (step 1309). As a result, if the block to be recorded is not registered as a defective block in the SDL, the process proceeds to step 13
10, the block to be recorded is determined as a defective block to which a spare block of a replacement destination is allocated.
If the block to be recorded is registered in the SDL as a defective block to which a replacement spare block has not been allocated, the process proceeds to step 1311.

At step 1310, data is recorded in the block to be recorded. In step 1312, data is recorded in the spare block of the replacement destination instead of the block to be recorded. In step 1311, the replacement allocating unit 1033 allocates the replacement spare block to the defective block. Thereafter, data is recorded in the spare block at the replacement destination (step 131).
2).

Here, there are two types of methods for assigning a spare block at the replacement destination to the defective block in step 1311. As described with reference to FIGS. 1C to 1E, whether or not a replacement block has been previously assigned to a defective block can be distinguished by the value of the field 22c for storing the position of the replacement block. it can. If there is no replacement block previously assigned to the defective block (for example, the value of the field 22c is 0), a spare block not yet used for the defective block is newly assigned. There is a replacement block previously assigned to the defective block (eg, field 22).
If the address of a previously assigned replacement block is described in c), a replacement block identical to the replacement block previously assigned to the defective block is assigned to the defective block again.

When the blocks that need to be recorded have been recorded on the rewritable disk 1 (step 1308), the SD
It is determined whether L needs to be updated (step 131).
3). For example, when a replacement spare block is newly assigned to a defective block in the process 1311, the SDL needs to be updated. If the SDL needs to be updated, the SDL is updated (step 1314), and the process ends.

As described above, when the disk recording / reproducing drive 1020 is requested to record data in a defective block to which a replacement spare block has not been allocated, the replacement spare block is allocated to the defective block. After that, the data is recorded in the spare block of the replacement destination. Thus, the recording data is recorded on the disk 1 in ECC block units. The adjustment of the fraction of the ECC block is performed, for example, by filling the fraction with 0.

(Embodiment 4) Hereinafter, information is recorded on the disc 1 described in Embodiment 1 or
An embodiment of an information recording / reproducing system that reproduces information recorded in a system will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a disk recording / reproducing drive 1420 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. The disk recording / reproducing drive 1420 is connected to the host controller 710 shown in FIG. 7 via the I / O bus 780. 14, the same components as those of FIG. 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[0212] The disk recording / reproducing drive 1420 is provided with an instruction processing unit 10 for processing an instruction from the host controller 710.
21, a recording control unit 1430 for controlling when recording on the rewritable disk 1, a reproduction control unit 1440 for controlling when reproducing from the rewritable disk 1, and information on the defective block and its replacement block , And a data buffer 1060 for temporarily storing recorded and reproduced data.

[0213] The recording control unit 1430 includes, in addition to the components of the recording control unit 1030 described in the third embodiment, a spare remaining amount detecting unit 1 for calculating the remaining amount of available spare blocks.
437 is provided.

The reproduction control unit 1440 is different from the reproduction control unit 1040 described in the third embodiment in that the 0 data embedding unit 1
041 is deleted, and a sector reproducing unit 1441 for reproducing data recorded on the rewritable disk 1 in sector units is added.

Steps for reproducing ordinary computer data other than real-time data are the same as those described in the third embodiment (FIG. 11), and will not be described.

FIG. 15 shows a disk recording / reproducing drive 14.
20 is a flowchart showing a procedure of a reproduction process executed by the CPU 20. The procedure shown in FIG. 15 differs from the procedure shown in FIG. 12 in that the ECC block to be reproduced is registered in the SDL as a defective block to which a replacement spare block has not been allocated (step 1503). ), The point that the sector reproducing section 1441 performs a reproduction process in sector units on each of a plurality of sectors included in the ECC block to be reproduced (step 1507).

With reference to FIG. 22C, a description will be given of the reproduction process in units of sectors. Since the inner code parity PI calculates an error correction code for each row (in the horizontal direction), the inner code parity PI correctly corresponds to the main data even if the inner code parity PI is divided into sectors (that is, in FIG. The direction of the oblique line in the data area and the area of the inner code parity PI match.) Therefore, the outer code parity P
Since O is not used, the error correction capability is low, but the error can be corrected using the inner code parity PI. For example, when data recording is stopped at a break between sectors due to a defective ID, the error can be corrected with a high probability even when only the inner code parity PI is used.

As described above, the disk recording / reproducing drive 1420 returns the correct data of the overwritten sector in the defective block to the defective block to which the replacement spare block has not been allocated. Returns the past data of the sector that was not overwritten.

FIG. 16 shows a disc recording / reproducing drive 14.
9 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of a recording process performed by the recording device. The procedure shown in FIG. 16 is different from the procedure shown in FIG. 13 in that when recording data on the rewritable disc 1 in units of blocks fails, the block whose recording failed is registered as a defective block in the SDL. And that if there is no available spare block before the replacement spare block is assigned to the defective block, the process ends with an error.

The disk recording / reproducing drive 1420 receives the data to be recorded from the host controller 710 and stores it in the data buffer 1060 (step 16).
01).

The area for which recording is requested is specified in sector units. The area containing the area for which recording was requested is EC
It is obtained for each C block (step 1602).

If there is a fraction of the ECC block, a buffering process is performed on the fraction. The buffering process is achieved by steps 1502 to 1506 surrounded by a broken line shown in FIG.

Data of step 1601 and step 16
By synthesizing the data with data Nos. 03 to 1606, recording data for all ECC blocks required for recording is generated in the data buffer 1060 (step 160).
7).

If the blocks that need to be recorded have not yet been recorded on the rewritable disc 1 (step 160)
8) The SDL is referenced (step 1609). As a result, if the block to be recorded is not registered as a defective block in the SDL, the process proceeds to step 16
10, the block to be recorded is determined as a defective block to which a spare block of a replacement destination is allocated.
If the block to be recorded is registered in the SDL as a defective block to which a replacement spare block has not been allocated, the process proceeds to step 1615.

At step 1610, data is recorded in the block to be recorded. In step 1612, data is recorded in the spare block of the replacement destination instead of the block to be recorded. In step 1615, the spare remaining amount detection unit 1437 determines whether or not there is a usable spare block in the spare area. If there is a spare block available in the spare area, a replacement spare block is assigned to the block to be recorded (step 1611),
Data is recorded in the replacement spare block (step 1612).

Step 1610 or step 1612
In the case where it has failed to record data on the rewritable disk 1 in block units (step 161).
6) The block whose recording has failed is registered in the SDL as a defective block (step 1617), and the process returns to step 1609 to redo the recording.

If the block requiring recording has been recorded on the rewritable disk 1 (step 1608), or if there is no spare block available in the spare area (step 1615), it is necessary to update the SDL. It is determined whether or not it is (step 1613). For example, when a replacement spare block is newly assigned to a defective block in step 1611, the SDL needs to be updated. Also, when the defective block detected in step 1617 is newly registered in the SDL, the SDL needs to be updated. If the SDL needs to be updated, the SDL is updated (step 1614), and the process ends.

Here, if the recording has been reached by the completion of recording of all blocks (step 1608), it is determined that the operation has been completed normally.

As described above, the disk recording / reproducing drive 1420 always registers the detected defective block in the defect management information area even if there is no spare block available as a replacement destination. Also, a disk recording / reproducing drive 142
0 indicates that when data is requested to be recorded in a defective block to which a spare block of a replacement destination is not allocated,
The drive can combine the recording data received from the host controller with the correct data from the overwritten sector in the defective block that has stopped recording and the past data from the non-overwritten sector. it can. The recording data thus synthesized is recorded on the disk 1 in ECC block units.

In the second, third, and fourth embodiments, the parameters passed by the I / F protocol are the start position and size of the area.
Obviously, the parameters may be the same as those obtained by the four arithmetic operations. Further, the data transfer between the host controller and the disk recording / reproducing drive and the data transfer between the disk recording / reproducing drive and the rewritable disk may be performed sequentially or simultaneously. Good. In the case where the host controller and the disk recording / reproducing drive are integrally configured, it is obvious that the parameters can be transferred using a shared memory or the like.

[0231]

According to the information recording medium of the present invention, defect management information including status information indicating whether or not a defective area has been replaced with a replacement area is recorded in the defect management information area. Using this state information, it is possible to manage a state in which a defective area has been detected but the defective area has not been replaced with a replacement area.

If a defective area is detected when recording data (for example, AV data) requiring real-time properties on an information recording medium, the defective area is skipped. The position of the defective area and status information indicating that the defective area has not been replaced with a replacement area are written in the defect management information area. Data that does not require real-time properties in the defect area (for example, data other than AV data)
Is recorded, a spare area is allocated to the defective area without performing read-modified-write. This allows the requested recording to be successful. Further, a spare area is not assigned to the defective area until data is actually requested to be recorded in the defective area. This offers the advantage that the spare area is not wasted.

If the spare area is an expandable area, the available spare area included in the spare area may temporarily run short. If the replacement area cannot be allocated to the detected defective area due to a temporary shortage of the available replacement area included in the spare area, the position of the defective area and the defective area are replaced with the replacement area. The status information indicating that there is no data is written in the defect management information area. After the spare area is expanded to secure a usable spare area, a spare area is allocated to the defective area. The position of the replacement area is written in the defect management information area.

According to the information recording method and the information recording apparatus of the present invention, defect management information including status information indicating whether or not a defective area has been replaced with a replacement area is recorded in the defect management information area. Thereby, the same effect as the above-described effect can be obtained.

According to the information reproducing apparatus of the present invention, it is determined whether or not a defective area has been replaced with a replacement area by referring to the state information, and the reproduction of the user data is controlled according to the determination result. . Thus, the user data can be reproduced even when the defective area has not been replaced with the replacement area.

When reproduction is requested for a defective area to which no replacement area is assigned, user data may be reproduced while skipping the defective area. Alternatively, data having a fixed value (for example, data padded with 0) may be output as reproduction data obtained by reproducing the defective area. Alternatively, the corrected data is reproduced by executing only the correction using the error correction code that does not extend over a plurality of sectors (that is, within one sector) without performing the correction using the error correction code that extends over a plurality of sectors. It may be.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1A is a diagram showing a structure of a physical space of a disc 1 which is an information recording medium according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1B is a diagram showing the structure of the SDL 13 shown in FIG. 1A.

FIG. 1C is a diagram showing the structure of an SDL entry 22 in the SDL 13.

FIG. 1D is a diagram showing another structure of the SDL entry 22 in the SDL 13.

FIG. 1E is a diagram showing another structure of the SDL entry 22 in the SDL 13.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a physical space of the disc 1 when a file A including AV data as content is recorded on the disc 1;

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the physical space of the disc 1 when a file A containing AV data as content is recorded on the disc 1 and a file B containing data other than AV data as content is recorded on the disc 1 It is.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the physical space of the disk 1 when the available spare area included in the spare area is temporarily exhausted (insufficient).

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the physical space of the disk 1 when the recording of the file C is performed again after expanding the second spare area 8;

FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram showing the principle of recording AV data on the disk 1 or reproducing the AV data recorded on the disk 1.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an information recording / reproducing system 700 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a procedure of a recording method for recording a file including AV data on the disc 1 using the information recording / reproducing system 700.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a procedure of a reproducing method for reproducing a file including AV data recorded on the disc 1 using the information recording / reproducing system 700.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a disk recording / reproducing drive 1020 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a procedure of a reproducing method for reproducing normal computer data other than real-time data recorded on the disk 1 by using the disk recording / reproducing drive 1020.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a procedure of a reproducing process executed by a disk recording / reproducing drive 1020.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing a procedure of a recording process executed by a disk recording / reproduction drive 1020.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a disk recording / reproducing drive 1420 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a procedure of a reproducing process executed by a disk recording / reproducing drive 1420.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing a procedure of a recording process executed by a disk recording / reproduction drive 1420.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a physical structure of the disk 1.

FIG. 18A is a diagram showing a configuration of an ECC block which is a calculation unit of an error correction code.

FIG. 18B is a diagram showing a configuration of a sector included in an ECC block.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of the physical space of the disk 1 in the defect management method of the ISO standard.

FIG. 20A is a layout diagram of AV data when there is no defective sector.

FIG. 20B is a layout diagram of AV data when there is a defective sector.

FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of the physical space of the disc 1 in recording and reproducing AV data.

FIG. 22A is a diagram showing an ECC block recorded normally.

FIG. 22B is a diagram showing an ECC block for which overwriting has failed.

FIG. 22C is a diagram showing the structure of reproduction data of an ECC block for which overwriting has failed.

FIG. 23A is a diagram showing an example of the format of a “SKIP WRITE” command.

FIG. 23B is a diagram showing another example of the format of the “SKIP WRITE” command.

FIG. 24A: “REPORT SKIPPED ADD
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a format of a “RESS” command.

FIG. 24B: “REPORT SKIPPED ADD
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a format of data reported in response to a “RESS” command.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 disk 2 track 3 sector 4 disk information area 4a control data area 4b defect management information area 5 data recording area 6 volume space 6a logical volume space 6b volume structure 7 first spare area 8 second spare area 10 defect management information 11 disk definition Structure 12 Primary defect list (PDL) 13 Secondary defect list (SDL) 700 Information recording / reproducing system 710 Host controller 720, 1020, 1420 Disk recording / reproducing drive 780 I / O bus

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Yoshitoshi Goto 1006 Kadoma Kadoma, Osaka Prefecture Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Nohisa Fukushima 1006 Odaka Kadoma Kadoma City, Osaka Pref. Terms (reference) 5D044 AB05 AB07 BC02 CC04 DE03 DE37 DE52 DE62 DE64

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A volume space in which user data is recorded, an expandable spare area including a spare area that can be used in place of a defect area included in the volume space, and defect management for managing the defect area An information recording medium comprising: a defect management information area in which information is recorded; wherein the defect management information includes state information indicating whether the defect area has been replaced by the replacement area; The information recording medium in which, when the available replacement area included in the information is temporarily short, the status information indicating that the defective area is not replaced with the replacement area is written in the defect management information area. 2. A volume space in which user data is recorded, an expandable spare area including a spare area that can be used in place of a defect area included in the volume space, and defect management for managing the defect area. An information recording method for recording information on an information recording medium including a defect management information area on which information is recorded, wherein the step of detecting the defective area; and whether the defective area is replaced with the replacement area. Recording in the defect management information area the status information indicating whether or not the spare area is temporarily short of available spare areas. If the available spare area is temporarily insufficient, the status information indicating that the defective area has not been replaced with the spare area is sent to the defect management. Written in broadcast area, the information recording method. 3. A volume space in which user data is recorded, an expandable spare area including a spare area that can be used instead of a defect area included in the volume space, and defect management for managing the defect area. An information recording device that records information on an information recording medium including a defect management information area in which information is recorded, wherein a detection unit that detects the defect area, and whether the defect area is replaced with the replacement area A recording unit that records status information indicating whether or not the spare management area is available, and a detection unit that detects that the available spare area included in the spare area is temporarily short. If the available spare area included in the spare area is temporarily short, the status information indicating that the defective area has not been replaced by the spare area is deleted. Written into the management information area, the information recording apparatus.