JP2000297923A - Unit type combustion filter system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the removing effect of toxic substances by providing a control means which drive-controls a subsidiary combustion device in such a manner that adhered substances on a heat-resistant element may be burnt. SOLUTION: When wastes are burnt by an incineration furnace, black smoke and dioxin or the like as toxic substances are generated in large particles. The toxic substances adhere and are collected around the ventilation hole 30a when the exhaust gas passes the ventilation hole 30a of a flat element body 30. When a clogging is generated on the flat element body 30, a pressure difference is generated in the pressure of an upstream side chamber 36 and the pressure of a downstream side chamber 38 of a heat-resistant element 28, and the differential pressure is detected by a differential pressure gauge 50, and an electric signal of the differential pressure is transmitted to a control means 52. Then, when the differential pressure becomes a specified value or higher, the control means 52 drives a subsidiary combustion device 54, and also, at this time, the driving of the subsidiary combustion device 54 is controlled, and flames come out from a nozzle section 60, and when the exhaust gas is overheated and becomes a high temperature, toxic substances which adhere and are collected by the heat-resistant element 28 are burnt and incinerated.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a unit-type conversion filter system, and more particularly, to a unit-type conversion filter system for removing harmful substances in flue gas.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In an incinerator, smoke is discharged by incinerating waste. Since this smoke exhaust contains a large amount of harmful substances such as granular black smoke (soot) and dioxin, it is necessary to take measures to remove the harmful substances.

[0003] As a measure for removing such harmful substances, there is, for example, a dust collector as a flue gas treatment apparatus. In this dust collector, for example, gravity, inertial force, centrifugal force, cleaning,
Those using sound waves, filtration, electric force, etc. are known,
In order to reduce the concentration of particulate harmful substances, it is necessary to detect even fine particles in flue gas.

[0004]

However, when the temperature inside the incinerator is relatively low, especially in a small incinerator, harmful substances in the exhaust gas are generated as large particles. Therefore, the burden on the dust collector for removing harmful substances in the dust collector increases, and therefore, the ability of the dust collector to remove harmful substances tends to decrease, and it becomes difficult to remove ultrafine particles. And the effect of removing harmful substances is reduced.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages, the present invention provides an incinerator for incineration of waste, and the exhaust gas from the incinerator to a flue is provided. A flue gas treatment device for removing substances is provided, and a filter device is provided in the flue between the incinerator and the flue gas treatment device for adhering and collecting the substances in the flue gas to the heat-resistant element to heat the flue gas. An auxiliary combustion device is provided, and control means for driving and controlling the auxiliary combustion device so as to burn the adhered substance of the heat-resistant element is provided.

[0006]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, harmful substances in flue gas from an incinerator are attached and collected on a heat-resistant element of a filtration device in front of a flue gas treatment device, and are driven by an auxiliary combustion device. When the flue gas is heated to a high temperature, the harmful substances adhering to the heat-resistant element are incinerated, thus reducing the amount of the harmful substances and reducing the remaining harmful substances. It is possible to reduce the burden of the removing action and remove the ultrafine particles, maintain the function well, and improve the effect of removing harmful substances as a whole.

[0007]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 to 3 show a first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 2 is a unit-type conversion filter system, 4 is an incinerator for incineration of waste, and 6 is a flue gas treatment device for removing harmful substances in flue gas.

The incinerator 4 has a furnace body 10 forming a combustion chamber 8.
And a furnace lid 14 for closing the inlet 12.

The incinerator 4 and the flue gas treatment device 6 are connected, for example, to first and second flue gas ducts 18-1 and 18-2 forming first and second flues 16-1 and 16-2. Are linked by

The first smoke exhaust pipe 18-1 has a furnace body 1 at one end.
0 and is closed by the upper lid 20 with the other end directed upward. The second smoke exhaust conduit 18-2 has one end connected to the middle of the first smoke exhaust conduit 18-1 and the other end connected to the smoke exhaust treatment device 6.

The smoke exhaust treatment device 6 is provided with a chimney 22.

In the first embodiment, for example, a filtering device 24 is provided in the first flue gas conduit 18-1.
The filtering device 24 is a unit type, and has a housing 26 mounted in the middle of the first flue gas conduit 18-1. Inside the housing 26, black smoke (soot), dioxin, etc., which are particulate harmful substances in flue gas. Is provided with a heat-resistant element 28 for adhering and collecting.

The housing 26 is made of, for example, stainless steel (SUS), and has an inner surface treated with a heat insulating material such as cahor and has heat resistance to withstand high temperatures.

In the heat-resistant element 28, a plurality of flat element bodies 30 each having a flat plate shape and made of heat-resistant and strong porous ceramic and having a vent hole 30a, and a plurality of heat-resistant stainless steel (SUS) Upstream of the
The downstream baffle plates 32 and 34 are provided. The ventilation holes 30a of the flat element body 30 are granular black smoke (soot).
It is formed with a predetermined inner diameter so as to prevent harmful substances such as dioxin and dioxin from passing therethrough. The element body 30 is made of a porous ceramic material having high strength, for example, which withstands a high temperature of about 1500 ° C. Further, each of the baffle plates 32 and 34 is made of, for example, stainless steel (SUS) that can withstand about 1500 ° C., and is treated with a heat insulating material such as cahor so as not to be thermally deformed.

That is, in the housing 26, for example, the first to fifth flat element bodies 3 are directed in the flow direction of the flue gas.
The first flat element body 30-1 is entirely fixed to the one side surface 26a of the housing 26 without any gaps. The entire upstream end of the second flat element body 30-2 and the third flat element body 30 are held by the upstream baffle plate 32-1.
The second upstream baffle 32-
2, the entire upstream end of the fourth flat element body 30-4 and the entire upstream end of the fifth flat element body 30-5 are connected by the third upstream baffle 32-3 without a gap. .
Further, the entire downstream end of the first flat element body 30-1 and the entire downstream end of the second flat element body 30-2 are connected by the first downstream baffle plate 34-1 without any gap, and the third flat The entire downstream end of the element body 30-3 and the fourth flat element body 3
The second downstream side baffle plate 34 has no gap with the entire downstream end of 0-4.
-2, and the entire downstream end of the fifth flat element body 30-5 is held without gap by a third downstream baffle plate 34-3 fixed to the other side surface 26 b of the housing 26.

Thus, an upstream chamber 36 and a downstream chamber 38 are formed in the housing 26 on the upstream side and the downstream side of the heat-resistant element 26, and the first flat chamber 36 communicates with the upstream chamber 36. The first introduction path 40-1 is formed between the third element element 30-3 and the fourth element element 30-4. The second introduction path 40-2 is formed, and the fifth introduction path 40-2 is formed.
Flat element body 30-5 and other side 2 of housing 26
6b, a third introduction path 40-3 is formed, and one side surface 26 of the housing 26 is further communicated with the downstream chamber 38.
a between the first flat element body 30-1 and the first lead-out path 42
-1 is formed, and the second flat element body 30-2 and the third
A second lead-out path 42-2 is formed between the flat element bodies 30-3, and a third lead-out path 42-3 is formed between the fourth flat element body 30-4 and the fifth flat element body 30-5. Is done.

Therefore, in the housing 26, the smoke exhausted from the upstream chamber 36 is forcibly forced from each introduction passage 40 through the vent hole 30 a of each flat element body 30 to each outlet passage 4.
2 to the downstream chamber 38.

The housing 26 has an upstream pressure inlet 44 formed in the upstream chamber 36 on the upstream side of the heat-resistant element 28 and a downstream pressure chamber 44 opened in the downstream chamber 38 on the downstream side of the heat-resistant element 28. An inlet 46 is formed, and a pressure introducing pipe 48 that connects the upstream pressure inlet 44 and the downstream pressure inlet 46 is provided.

The pressure introducing pipe 48 is provided with a differential pressure gauge 50 for detecting a differential pressure between the pressure in the upstream chamber 36 upstream of the heat-resistant element 28 and the pressure in the downstream chamber 38 downstream of the heat-resistant element 28.

A control means 52 is connected to the differential pressure gauge 50.

Further, an auxiliary combustion device (burner) 54 is provided in the first flue gas duct 18-1 on the upstream side of the heat-resistant element 28 to heat the flue gas to a high temperature.

The auxiliary combustion device 54 uses a fuel such as propane (LPG) or kerosene.
A fuel tank 56, a fuel supply pipe 58 connected to the fuel tank 56, and a nozzle portion 60 located in the first smoke exhaust pipe 18-1 at the end of the fuel supply pipe 58 and upstream of the heat-resistant element 28. , A fuel pump 62 and a fuel control valve 64 in the middle of the fuel supply pipe 58.

The fuel pump 62 and the fuel control valve 64
Communicates with the control means 52.

In the first embodiment, the control means 52 determines that the pressure in the upstream chamber 36 and the pressure in the downstream chamber 38 are different.
When it detects that the pressure difference from the pressure of
When the fuel pump 62 and the fuel control valve 64 are operated to drive the auxiliary fuel device 54, the differential pressure gauge 50 detects that the differential pressure between the pressure in the upstream chamber 36 and the pressure in the downstream chamber 38 is less than a certain value. , The driving of the auxiliary fuel device 54 is automatically stopped. Further, the control means 52 controls the incinerator 4
It communicates with a temperature sensor 66 for detecting a temperature state such as a temperature in the inside and a temperature of the exhaust gas, and controls the driving of the auxiliary fuel device 54 by reflecting the above-mentioned temperature state.

Next, the operation of the first embodiment will be described.

When the waste is burned in the incinerator 4, the flue 16
Smoke is flowing through. During this flue gas, especially when the incinerator 4 is small, black smoke, dioxin and the like as harmful substances are generated in large particles because the temperature in the furnace is relatively low.

The large harmful substances flow from the upstream chamber 36 in the housing 26 of the filtration device 24 to each of the introduction passages 40, and when the flue gas passes through the ventilation holes 30a of the flat element body 30, the ventilation holes 30a Adhered and collected around.

The harmful substance continues to adhere around the ventilation hole 30a of the flat element body 30. When the amount of the deposited harmful substance becomes constant, the ventilation hole 30a is clogged and the heat-resistant element is formed. 28 has a reduced filtration capacity.

When the flat element body 30 is clogged in this way, a differential pressure is generated between the pressure in the upstream chamber 36 and the pressure in the downstream chamber 38 of the heat-resistant element 28, and this differential pressure is detected by the differential pressure gauge 50. Then, an electric signal of the differential pressure detected by the differential pressure gauge 50 is sent to the control means 52. At this time, a signal of the temperature state detected by the temperature sensor 66 is sent to the control means 52.

When the pressure difference exceeds a certain value,
The control means 52 drives the auxiliary combustion device 54, and at this time, the driving of the auxiliary combustion device 54 is controlled by the above-mentioned temperature state, a flame comes out from the nozzle portion 60, and the exhaust gas is heated to a high temperature. Then, the harmful substances adhered and collected on the heat-resistant element 28 are burned at, for example, about 1000 ° C. to 1200 ° C. and incinerated.

As described above, when the harmful substances attached to the heat-resistant element 28 are incinerated, the amount of harmful substances such as black smoke and dioxin is reduced, and the remaining harmful substances are reduced in size.

As a result, the amount of harmful substances to the flue gas treatment device 6 on the downstream side of the filtration device 24 is reduced, and the harmful substances are reduced in particle size. In addition to reducing the burden of the removal action, it also removes ultrafine particles, thereby minimizing the concentration of harmful substances and maintaining the function of the smoke exhaust treatment device 6 as good as a result. The effect of removing harmful substances can be reduced, and the emission of harmful substances to the outside can be reduced.

The filtering ability of the heat-resistant element 28 is automatically regenerated by incineration of the harmful substance adhered to the heat-resistant element 28, and the effect of attaching the harmful substance can be smoothly performed by the flat element body 30 again. .

When the pressure difference between the pressure in the upstream chamber 36 and the pressure in the downstream chamber 38 becomes smaller than a predetermined value due to the regeneration of the filtration capacity of the heat-resistant element 28, the control means 5
2 automatically stops driving the auxiliary combustion device 54.

As a result, the auxiliary combustion device 54 is automatically stopped when the above-mentioned differential pressure becomes less than a certain value, so that
It is possible to minimize the driving of the auxiliary combustion chamber 54, reduce the generation of dust from the auxiliary combustion device 54 as much as possible, and eliminate waste of fuel.

In the first embodiment, by appropriately selecting the inner diameter of the ventilation hole 30a of the flat element body 30, even small particles can be adhered and collected by the heat-resistant element 28, and can be discharged. The effect of removing harmful substances in the smoke treatment device 54 can be further enhanced. In addition, since the filtering device 24 is a unit type, it is easy to handle at the time of assembling and replacing, and because it is installed separately from the incinerator 4, the furnace chamber in the incinerator 4 is narrowed. Therefore, the furnace chamber can be made large.

FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the present invention.

In the following embodiments, the parts having the same functions as those of the above-described first embodiment will be described with the same reference numerals.

The features of the second embodiment are as follows. That is, the heat-resistant element 28 is a cylindrical element body 102 made of a cylindrical porous ceramic.
And an upstream baffle plate 10 provided on the entire upstream end of the cylindrical element body 102 and closing one end of the hollow 104.
6 and a downstream baffle plate 11 provided at the downstream end of the cylindrical element body 102 and corresponding to the other end of the hollow 104 to form a through hole 108 and close all other portions.
It consists of 0.

That is, in the housing 26, for example,
Three first to third cylindrical element bodies 102-1 in parallel
Are arranged at predetermined intervals, and the first to fourth introduction paths 1
12-1 to 112-4 are formed. This cylindrical element body 102 is formed of the same material as the flat element body of the first embodiment described above. The upstream and downstream baffles 106 and 110 are formed of the same material as the baffle of the first embodiment described above.

According to the structure of the second embodiment, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained, and the exhaust gas
By flowing from 12 to the through-hole 108 through the hollow 104, the adhesion surface area of the heat-resistant element 28 is substantially enlarged, and the amount of adhesion and collection of harmful substances can be increased.
In addition, since the clogging of the ventilation hole 30a occurs gradually, not suddenly, the differential pressure does not change abruptly between the upstream side and the downstream side, and it is possible to avoid a sudden drive of the auxiliary combustion device 54. In particular, the amount of black smoke or dioxin attached can be increased.

In the second embodiment, the shape of the upstream baffle and the shape of the downstream baffle can be reversed.

FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the present invention.

The features of the third embodiment are as follows. That is, the heat-resistant element 28 is provided in the housing 26 with the inner cylindrical body 20 having a diameter different from that of a porous plate.
2 and the outer cylindrical body 204 are arranged on the same core, and an annular gap 20 between the inner cylindrical body 202 and the outer cylindrical body 204 is provided.
6 is filled with a spherical body 208 made of ceramic, and the entire downstream end of the inner and outer cylindrical bodies 202 and 204 is closed without any gap by a baffle plate 210.
The entire upstream end of 204 is provided in contact with the upper inner surface of housing 26.

The inner and outer cylindrical bodies 202 and 204 and the baffle plate 210 are formed of the same material as the baffle plate in the first embodiment. The inner cylindrical body 202 has an inner ventilation hole 202a and forms a hollow 212. The outer cylinder 204 has an outer ventilation hole 204a.

The sphere 208 is made of the same ceramic material as that of the flat element of the first embodiment and has a predetermined diameter.

According to the structure of the third embodiment, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained, and the exhaust gas can be forcibly passed in the radial direction of the inner and outer cylindrical bodies 202 and 204, and the harmful substances can be eliminated. Harmful substances can be effectively attached and collected between the spheres 208, and the amount of harmful substances attached can be increased.

In the third embodiment, the sphere 2
By selecting a diameter of 08, even small harmful substances can be easily attached and collected.

FIG. 6 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

The features of the fifth embodiment are as follows. That is, in the type of the incinerator 4, when the auxiliary combustion device 54 is driven, there is a case where the air in the flue 16 runs short. Therefore, the secondary air supply device 302 is provided to solve this problem. . This secondary air supply device 302
Is operated by the control means 52 in accordance with the driving of the auxiliary fuel device 54, and includes an air supply section 304, an air supply pipe 306 connected to the air supply section 304, and a first smoke exhaust pipe 18-1. And an air injection port 308 protruding inward.

According to the structure of the fourth embodiment, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained, and there is no shortage of air in the flue 16 and the combustion by the auxiliary combustion device 54 It can be secured by the supply device 302.

FIG. 7 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

The features of the fifth embodiment are as follows. That is, the filtration device 24 was of a separation type and was installed separately from the incinerator 4 using the legs 402 separately.

According to the structure of the fifth embodiment, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained, and the degree of freedom of the layout of the filtering device 24 can be increased by using the filtering device 24 as a separate type by the legs 402. Can be.

FIGS. 8 to 11 show a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

The features of the sixth embodiment are as follows. That is, the first smoke exhaust pipe 50 is provided in the incinerator 4.
The secondary combustion device 504 is connected via 2-1.
The secondary combustion device 504 includes a secondary combustion chamber housing 508 that forms a secondary combustion chamber 506 and is connected to a first flue gas conduit 502-1 and an auxiliary combustion chamber attached to the secondary combustion chamber housing 508. Secondary combustion burner 51 as device 54
It consists of 0.

The filtering device 24 is connected to the secondary combustion device 504. The filtering device 24 is configured by connecting a plurality (for example, three) of ceramic filter components 514 in a filtering housing 512 in series. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the ceramic filter structure 514 is a unit type, and a plurality of foamed ceramics 516 having a predetermined length and having a cylindrical shape and having a ventilation through hole 516a are integrated in a unit housing 518. It is configured to adhere and collect harmful substances in smoke exhaust around the ventilation through hole 516a. A blower fan 520 is provided below the filtration housing 512. In addition, a second smoke exhaust conduit 502-2 communicating with a smoke exhaust treatment device (not shown) is connected to an upper side of the filtration housing 512.

According to the configuration of the sixth embodiment, the incinerator 4
Is discharged from the first flue gas conduit 502-1 to the secondary combustion chamber 50.
6 and is recombusted by driving the secondary combustion burner 510 to a high temperature (for example, 850 ° C. or higher). The residence time of the high-temperature flue gas is ensured for a certain time or more due to the presence of the ceramic filter component 514, and harmful substances attached around the ventilation through holes 516a are heated and incinerated using the foamed ceramic 516 as a heat medium.
Thereby, in particular, harmful substances such as black smoke and dioxin can be almost completely decomposed and removed. Also, since the ceramic filter structure 514 is a unit type,
In addition to facilitating the handling of the secondary combustion chamber 506 during assembly and replacement, the secondary combustion chamber 506 is installed separately from the secondary combustion chamber housing 508 so that the inside of the secondary combustion chamber 506 is not narrowed. It is possible to make it large.

In the present invention, the control means 52 controls the driving of the auxiliary combustion device 54 by the pressure difference between the upstream chamber 36 and the downstream chamber 38.
It is also possible to drive intermittently at regular intervals.
Thereby, the auxiliary combustion device 54 is intermittently driven at every time when the clogging of the heat-resistant element 28 is predicted, thereby preventing the pressure difference between the upstream chamber 36 and the downstream chamber 38 from becoming extremely large due to the clogging, It is possible to maintain good filtration performance.

The flue 16 may be provided with a plurality of filtration devices 24 to remove harmful substances gradually in stages.

[0061]

As is apparent from the above detailed description, according to the present invention, in the flue between the incinerator and the flue gas treatment device, there is provided a filtering device for adhering and collecting substances in the flue gas to the heat-resistant element. By providing an auxiliary combustion device for heating the flue gas and providing control means for driving and controlling the auxiliary combustion device so as to burn the adhered substances of the heat-resistant element, the harmful substances adhered to the heat-resistant element can be incinerated, In addition to reducing the amount of harmful substances and reducing the size of the remaining harmful substances, the load on the action of removing harmful substances in the flue gas treatment device is reduced and the ultrafine particles are also removed, and the function is maintained well. The effect of removing harmful substances can be improved as a whole.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a unit-type conversion system.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a filtration device according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a main part of the filtration device of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a filtration device according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a filtration device according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a secondary air supply device according to a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an installation state of a filtration device in a fifth embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of a unit-type conversion system in a sixth embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a side view of a unit-type conversion system according to a sixth embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a ceramic filter component according to a sixth embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a foamed ceramic according to a sixth embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 2 Unit Type Combination System 4 Incinerator 6 Smoke Exhaust Treatment Device 16 Flue Gas 18 Smoke Exhaust Pipe 24 Filtration Device 28 Heat-Resistant Element 30 Element Body 32 Upstream Baffle Plate 34 Downstream Baffle Plate 36 Upstream Room 38 Downstream Room 40 Introductory Path 42 Derivation Path 48 pressure pipe 50 differential pressure gauge 52 control means 54 auxiliary combustion device 66 temperature sensor

Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat II (reference) F23G 5/18 ZAB F23G 7/00 103Z 4D004 5/44 ZAB B01D 53/34 134E 7/00 ZAB B09B 3/00 303J 103 5/00 ZABBN F term (reference) 3K061 AA24 AB01 AC03 BA04 BA05 3K065 AB01 AC03 BA04 BA05 HA03 HA05 3K070 DA05 DA07 DA24 3K078 AA02 AA06 BA03 BA21 BA26 CA04 4D002 AA21 AC04 BA05 BA14 CA07 DA70 EA08 GA03 GB03 GA03 GB03 GB03 AA46 AB07 AB10 CA28 CA47 CB31 DA01 DA02 DA06 DA07 DA20

Claims (3)

[Claims] An incinerator for incineration of waste is provided,
A flue gas treatment device is provided for removing substances in the flue gas led from the incinerator to the flue, and the flue gas between the incinerator and the flue gas treatment device is provided with a material in the flue gas as a heat-resistant element. A unit provided with a filtration device for collecting and collecting adhesion, an auxiliary combustion device for heating flue gas, and control means for driving and controlling the auxiliary combustion device so as to burn the adhesion material of the heat-resistant element. -Type conversion filter system. 2. The control means drives the auxiliary combustion device while reflecting a temperature state when a differential pressure between an upstream pressure and a downstream pressure of the heat-resistant element is equal to or higher than a predetermined value. 2. The unit-type conversion filter system according to claim 1, wherein when the pressure difference between the pressure on the upstream side and the pressure on the downstream side of the heat-resistant element is less than a predetermined value, the driving of the auxiliary combustion device is stopped. 3. 3. The unit-type conversion filter system according to claim 1, wherein the heat-resistant element has a plurality of element bodies made of porous ceramic.