JP2000283438A - Incinerating device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an incinerating device to be effectively utilized as equipment to remove dioxin generated from an existing refuse incinerating furnace through simple and reliable thermal decomposition. SOLUTION: A main combustion chamber A1 is communicated to a position right above a burner chamber A0 through an air diffusion port C. A second combustion chamber A2 is communicated with the side of the main combustion chamber A1 through a flue B so as to allow entrance of gas, and a third combustion chamber A3 is communicated with the lower part of the second combustion chamber A2 so as to allow entrance of gas. The third combustion chamber A3 is communicated with a burner chamber A0 so as to allow entrance of gas. Unburnt gas and smoke soots are circulated together with combustible gas through an annular gas circulation route formed in each of the chambers described above. Finally, by effecting complete combustion in the third combustion chamber A3 at 800 deg.C or higher, the generation of dioxin is suppressed. Unburnt gas from the third combustion chamber A3 is completely burnt in an ascending kiln structure constituted by fourth to n-the combustion chambers A4-An.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to heat treatment of general waste such as household waste and industrial waste, exhaust gas discharged from an existing public waste incinerator, incinerated ash, dust, fly ash and the like. More particularly, the present invention relates to a practical incineration apparatus as a harmful substance removing apparatus for detoxifying harmful substances by heat-treating incinerated substances which may generate harmful substances such as dioxin in ordinary incineration processing.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A large-scale refuse incinerator that continuously incinerates waste such as household refuse at a high temperature of 800 ° C. or higher for a long time hardly generates pollutant dioxin and the like. The generation of dioxin etc. is common in small household incinerators that operate intermittently and in medium-sized incinerators that operate at 800 ° C or lower in factories, etc. In such incinerators, effective measures to suppress the generation of dioxin etc. There is a demand for measures to detoxify harmful substances when they occur.

[0003]

Dioxins and the like are particularly liable to be generated due to incomplete combustion when waste containing vinyl chloride and salt is burned at about 300 ° C. in an incinerator. It is effective to completely combust waste at a high temperature of 800 ° C or higher as a measure to control the generation of dioxins. However, in small and medium-sized incinerators that are operated intermittently, the initial stage of incineration and the cooling of incinerated materials There is a high possibility that dioxins and the like are generated during a low temperature period around 300 ° C. In small and medium-sized refuse incinerators, the generation of dioxins and the like is suppressed by blowing air into the waste during combustion of the waste to completely burn the waste. There is a problem that a large amount of nitrogen oxide is generated.

[0004] As a countermeasure against exhaust gas from small and medium-sized refuse incinerators, exhaust gas is passed through an electric dust collector to collect heavy metal harmful substances contained in the exhaust gas. Dioxin and the like are easily generated due to high-efficiency operation. As another measure against exhaust gas, exhaust gas is passed through a bag filter at a temperature of about 200 ° C. to adsorb dioxin or the like to activated carbon powder or slaked lime powder of the bag filter. In this case, replacement of the bag filter is performed. There is a problem that the frequency increases and the running cost of the refuse incinerator increases.

[0005] In small and medium garbage incinerators,
Since dioxin and the like may be contained in the incinerated ash and fly ash collected by the exhaust gas dust collector, post-processing such as melt solidification or cement solidification of the incinerated ash or fly ash and landfill processing is performed. However, the cost of the equipment and operation of this post-treatment increases, and the dioxin contamination cannot be completely prevented while the post-treated dioxin remains in the environment.

[0006] An object of the present invention is to produce no dioxin or the like even if incinerated general wastes or to produce a very small amount of them. It is an object of the present invention to provide a versatile incinerator that is effective as a removing device.

[0007]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a burner chamber into which a burner flame is introduced, and a substance to be incinerated is pyrolyzed by a flame introduced from the burner chamber. The main combustion chamber that burns the incineration material with the combustible gas generated in the above, and the unburned gas and dust that flow from the main combustion chamber through the main combustion chamber and the flue so as to allow gas inflow and outflow A second combustion chamber to be burned; and a third combustion chamber communicating with both the second combustion chamber and the burner chamber so as to allow gas inflow and outflow to burn unburned gas and dust from the second combustion chamber. The unburned gas and dust circulating together with the combustible gas through a series of closed circulation paths from the main combustion chamber to the second combustion chamber, the third combustion chamber, and the burner chamber are finally passed through the third combustion chamber. It is characterized by incineration.

[0008] Here, the incinerated matter contained in the main combustion chamber and burned is waste such as household garbage, exhaust gas from existing garbage incinerators, dust, and the like, which are anoxically replenished in the main combustion chamber. And the unburned gas and soot and dust flow along with the combustible gas from the second combustion chamber to the third combustion chamber, from the third combustion chamber to the main combustion chamber through the burner chamber, and further burn each combustion. The flow reverses with the balance of the pressures in the chambers, and such a circulation is repeated to burn in each combustion chamber and finally to almost complete combustion in the third combustion chamber. This complete combustion decomposes harmful substances such as dioxin and renders them harmless.

[0009] The invention of claim 2 of the present invention is characterized in that at least the main combustion chamber is a fluidized bed incinerator having a pressure cooker structure for burning incineration objects in heated fluidized sand. The main combustion chamber of the fluidized bed incinerator here is excellent in the function of suppressing the generation of dioxin and the like by rapidly starting the ignition combustion of the incineration material.

A third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that a part of the flame in the burner chamber is directly introduced into the main combustion chamber, and the remaining flame is introduced into the main combustion chamber through an air vent. And The air diffusers here prevent abnormal pressure rise of the gas circulating in each chamber and smooth the gas circulation.By introducing most of the burner flames into the main combustion chamber through these air diffusers, Increases safety.

The invention according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is that the unburned gas is connected in series to the third combustion chamber in series, and when the unburned gas flows in from the third combustion chamber, the unburned gas is burned in order and finally burned. It is characterized by having a plurality of fourth to n-th combustion chambers for complete combustion. Here, the n-th combustion chamber is suitably up to the eighth combustion chamber, and the flame and unburned gas naturally move in order from the fourth combustion chamber to the fifth combustion, the sixth combustion chamber, and the like in a climbing method. Combustion is performed in each combustion chamber, and complete combustion is performed in the last n-th combustion chamber to eliminate unburned substances.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the object to be incinerated in the main combustion chamber is waste gas and dust generated from the existing incinerator equipment, and the waste is separated from the main combustion chamber by the second combustion chamber. It is characterized in that harmful substances such as dioxins contained in the waste are detoxified by incineration at a maximum of 800 ° C. or more during circulation between the combustion chamber and the third combustion chamber. The existing incinerator facilities here are public small and medium-sized garbage incinerators, etc., and the devices of the present invention are connected and arranged in series with the existing incinerator facilities. Dioxin and the like, which have a lot of problems in the treatment, are subjected to the thermal decomposition treatment by the apparatus of the present invention.

According to the invention of claim 6 of the present invention, at least a bag filter having a function of adsorbing harmful substances generated by the burning of the incineration material is installed in at least the gas flow path between the main combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber. It is characterized by the following. A commercially available bag filter can be used here, and by installing this bag filter in the gas flow path between the main combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber, the effect of removing harmful substances such as dioxin can be more stably obtained. .

[0014]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an outline of the overall configuration and combustion operation of the apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the overall configuration in an easy-to-understand manner, and FIG. 3 is an overall external view. The incinerator shown in FIG. 1 includes a burner chamber A0 directly connected to a burner 1, a main combustion chamber A1 into which an incineration object to be burned is charged, and a main combustion chamber A1.
Combustion chamber A2 connected to the combustion chamber A2 via a flue B, and a third combustion chamber A connected between the second combustion chamber A2 and the burner chamber A0.
3 is a structure in which one gas circulation path as a closed ring path is formed, and the fourth to n-th combustion chambers A4 to An having a climbing structure are connected to the third combustion chamber A3. FIGS. 4 to 7 show the arrangement of the chambers A0 to A3 constituting the former gas circulation path.
And the arrangement relationship of the respective rooms A4 to An of the latter climbing structure is shown by the solid line in FIGS.

The burner 1 is an oil burner or the like, and when ignited, a flame fills the burner chamber A0. The main combustion chamber A1 is installed directly above the burner chamber A0 via a horizontally long air diffusion port C. A substance to be incinerated is introduced into the main combustion chamber A1 from outside.
As shown in FIG. 1, it is also possible to collectively input arbitrary amounts of exhaust gas and dust from the external existing incinerator 20 into the main combustion chamber A1. Most of the burner flame in the burner chamber A0 is sent to the diffuser port C through the pipe 2, and is introduced into the main combustion chamber A1 through the pipes 3 and 4 from the diffuser port C, and the remaining burner flame from the burner chamber A0 is directly discharged. It is introduced into the bottom of the main combustion chamber A1. Since the main combustion chamber A1 burns the incineration material in a steam-free manner in an oxygen-free state, it is preferable to apply a fluidized bed incinerator having a pressure cooker structure from the viewpoint of measures against dioxin.

Main combustion chamber A1 of a fluidized bed incinerator having a pressure cooker structure
Is an incinerator using castable, alumina-brick diatomaceous earth fired sand or the like in the furnace, and has a structure for preventing generation of unburned gas or unburned ash and damage to the furnace due to heat. In the fluidized bed main combustion chamber A1, the flame from the burner chamber A0 through the air diffuser C is introduced into the incineration object in the furnace from the upper side to the lower side, and directly from the burner chamber A0 to the main combustion chamber A1. The burner flame introduced at the bottom of the main combustion chamber A
It is introduced through a number of small holes formed on the bottom surface of the device 1 via a baffle plate or the like.

Main combustion chamber A1 of a fluidized bed incinerator with a pressure cooker structure
When a burner flame is introduced into the furnace, the resistance gas pressure in the upper part of the furnace increases, and as the gas pressure increases, the gas is distributed and penetrated into the fluidized bed in the furnace, and the average bed drying is performed.
The burnable material burns with high efficiency to generate combustible gas. In a fluidized bed incinerator, the temperature of the bed in the furnace is kept uniform by the action of violently flowing sand, and the ignition and burning of the incineration material can be achieved in a short time. Furthermore, as a general feature of fluidized bed incinerators, there are no mechanical moving parts inside the furnace,
Because the heat capacity of the fluidized sand layer is large, incineration is easy without being affected by the load fluctuation of the incinerated material, and there is little decrease in the furnace temperature when operation is stopped. Suitable for driving.

A vertically long flue B is connected to the gas outflow side of the main combustion chamber A1 through a plurality of pipes 6 so as to allow gas inflow and outflow, and a second combustion chamber A2 is connected to the flue B by a gas inflow pipe 7. A gas outflow pipe 8 is connected so that gas can flow in and out. The lower part of the flue B is connected to the air diffuser C by a pipe 5. The second combustion chamber A2 is a vertically elongated box, on which a gas inflow pipe 7 and a gas outflow pipe 8 are arranged. The lower part of the vertically long second combustion chamber A2 is
A gas outflow and inflow pipe 9 communicates with the third combustion chamber A3. The third combustion chamber A3 has a smaller volume than the second combustion chamber A2, and the lower part of the third combustion chamber A3 is connected to the burner chamber A0 by a gas outflow and inflow pipe 10. Second combustion chamber A2
Gases flow out of the second combustion chamber A2 to the third combustion chamber A3 through the pipe 9 due to a pressure difference caused by a change in the combustion state of the third combustion chamber A3 and the third combustion chamber A3, or the second combustion chamber A3 It flows back to the combustion chamber A2. Similarly, the third combustion chamber A3 and the burner chamber A
Gases flow out of the third combustion chamber A3 into the burner chamber A0 or flow back from the burner chamber A0 to the third combustion chamber A3 due to the pressure difference due to the fluctuation of the combustion state in the chamber 0.

When the burner 1 is ignited to fill the burner chamber A0 with the burner flame, the burner flame is introduced into the main combustion chamber A1 through the air outlet C and directly into the main combustion chamber A1 due to the pressure difference. Combustion of the incineration material stored in A1 is started. The combustible is burned in a steam-less manner in an oxygen-free state to generate combustible gas, and the combustible is further combusted using this combustible gas to become combustible fixed carbon. This fixed carbon can be used as fuel carbon that can be burned in an aerobic state if taken out of the main combustion chamber A1, or as activated carbon that can be used for purification of water or air. Further, by adjusting the burner output, it is easy to set the maximum combustion temperature in the main combustion chamber A1 at 800 ° C. or higher. With this setting, even if dioxin or the like is generated, it is thermally decomposed and dioxin or the like is generated. Is suppressed.

The unburned gas and dust generated without completely burning in the main combustion chamber A1 pass through the flue B together with the combustible gas to the second
The fuel is sent to the combustion chamber A2, and the combustible gas is burned in the second combustion chamber A2 to further incinerate unburned gas and dust. The backflow of gas to the main combustion chamber A1 and the outflow of gas to the third combustion chamber A3 are caused by the fluctuation of the combustion state of the second combustion chamber A2. Unburned gas and dust remaining after not completely burning in the second combustion chamber A2 are sent to the third combustion chamber A3, and further incineration is performed in the third combustion chamber A3. Due to the fluctuation of the combustion state of the third combustion chamber A3, the gas flows backward to the second combustion chamber A2 and flows out to the burner chamber A0. Each of these combustion chambers A1, A2, A3 and the burner chamber A0
The combustible gas, unburned gas, and dust are circulated in the circulation path that is a series path of
Finally, most of the third combustion chamber A3 completely burns, and almost no harmful substances such as dioxin are generated. In addition, the air diffuser C, which constitutes a part of the circulation path, is provided with valves for suppressing an abnormal increase in gas pressure in the gas circulation path, so that gas circulation in the gas circulation path is safe and smooth. I do.

In the gas circulation path, for example,
When general waste such as household waste is put into the main combustion chamber A1 and incinerated in the above manner, if the maximum combustion temperature of the main combustion chamber A1 is about 900 ° C., the maximum combustion temperature of the second combustion chamber A2 is about 1000 ° C. ° C, and the maximum combustion temperature of the third combustion chamber A3 becomes about 1300 ° C.
It has been found that 0% is completely burned and almost no harmful substances such as dioxin are generated.

In the gas flow path between the main combustion chamber A1 and the second combustion chamber A2, as shown by a circle in FIG.
It is desirable to install. As the bag filter D, a commercially available product effective as a filter for removing dioxin or the like in which lime powder or slaked lime powder is fixed to a heat-resistant porous filter may be used. By installing the bag filter D in the above-mentioned gas flow path at a relatively low temperature and passing gases, hydrogen chloride and the like that generate dioxins and the like contained in the gases are chemically changed to calcium chloride and carbon dioxide and the like. And consequently the third
The generation of dioxin and the like in the combustion chamber A3 is largely suppressed.

Most of the incineration material is completely burned in the third combustion chamber A3, and unburned gas remaining without being completely burned here,
The dust and the like are introduced into the next fourth combustion chamber A4 through the pipe 11 below the third combustion chamber A3 together with the flame, and are burned in order from the fourth combustion chamber A4 to the n-th combustion chamber An having the climbing structure. Eventually complete combustion. The volumes of the fourth combustion chamber A4 to the n-th combustion chamber An of the climbing structure and the cross section of the passage connecting the combustion chambers are appropriately different. The nth combustion chamber An is, for example, an eighth combustion chamber A8. The fifth combustion chamber A5 and the sixth combustion chamber A6 are connected in series directly above the lowermost fourth combustion chamber A4, and the seventh combustion chamber A7 is connected immediately beside the sixth combustion chamber A6. The eighth combustion chamber A8 is connected directly above A7, and the chimney 12 is installed directly above the eighth combustion chamber A8.

From the third combustion chamber A3 through the pipe 11, the fourth
The unburned gas flowing out to the combustion chamber A4 fills the fourth combustion chamber A4 with the flame and burns, and the unburned gas remaining in the fourth combustion chamber A4 further flows from the fifth combustion chamber A5 to the sixth combustion chamber. A6, the seventh combustion chamber A7, and the eighth combustion chamber A8 are sequentially climbed and burned in each chamber, completely burned in the final eighth combustion chamber A8, and the chimney 12
Only hot air is exhausted. The combustion temperature in each chamber of such a climbing structure can be raised to about 1200 ° C., and even if dioxin or the like is generated in the third combustion chamber A3, it can be surely pyrolyzed. Becomes
Incidentally, in order to further enhance the effect of removing dioxins and the like, a high heat-resistant bag filter D ′ may be installed in the gas flow path of each chamber of the climbing structure as shown by the broken line in FIG. 1 as necessary.

Each of the combustion chambers in the above embodiment is connected by a short pipe so that the whole is made compact and housed in an outer case 13 as shown in FIG. The thus compact incinerator is effectively used as a medium-sized dioxin and other harmful substance removing device used in series with the existing refuse incinerator 20. Are various window covers, and the window cover 14 installed toward the main combustion chamber A1 is used to open and close the object to be burned into and out of the main combustion chamber A1. The other window covers 15,... Are open / close covers used for inspecting the inside of the outer case 13 or replacing the bag filter.

Although the above embodiment has been described with reference to an incinerator for removing dioxin and the like from an existing garbage incinerator, the present invention relates to a single small or medium garbage incinerator for incinerating general waste such as household garbage. Also applicable as. In particular, when used as an incinerator to incinerate incinerated materials that do not generate dioxin, etc., it is possible to reduce the burner output and set the combustion temperature of each combustion chamber to several hundred degrees Celsius to achieve energy-saving operation. It is.

Further, the apparatus of the present invention lowers the combustion temperature of each combustion chamber and circulates smoke in the gas circulation path of the main combustion chamber, the second combustion chamber, and the third combustion chamber, so that the smoke in the main combustion chamber is reduced. It can be diverted to equipment for producing smoke products. In this smoked product manufacturing apparatus, each combustion chamber of the climbing structure completely incinerates the smoke to make the working environment clean.

[0028]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, combustible gas, unburned gas, and the like generated from the incinerated material incinerated in the main combustion chamber are provided.
Since the dust circulates through the second combustion chamber, the third combustion chamber, and the burner chamber and is finally burned in the third combustion chamber to a position close to complete combustion, the incinerated matter may generate dioxin and the like. Even if it is present, it can be easily burned completely at a high temperature at which dioxin or the like is thermally decomposed, and a high value-added incinerator that does not adversely affect the environment can be provided.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the combustion efficiency in the main combustion chamber, which is a fluidized bed incinerator having a pressure cooker structure, is good, and it is easy to incinerate the incinerated material in a short time at a high temperature. ,
Even if the operation is intermittent, the temperature change in the furnace is small, and the effect of suppressing the generation of harmful substances such as dioxin is excellent.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the movement of the burner flame from the burner chamber to the main combustion chamber is smooth, and a gas circulation path with good thermal efficiency is formed. Enhance.

According to the invention of claim 4, the fourth structure of the climbing structure
Since the unburned gas and smoke from the third combustion chamber are completely and completely burned in stages from the third combustion chamber to the n-th combustion chamber, it is possible to provide an incinerator that constructs a clean working environment free of smoke and the like.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, even if dioxin or the like is generated from an existing refuse incinerator, the exhaust gas and waste containing the dioxin and the like are thermally decomposed to decompose and remove the dioxin. Existing garbage incinerators can be transformed into environmentally safe incinerators without modification, and their practical effects are significant.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the bag filter further enhances the effect of removing dioxins and the like, a higher-performance incinerator as a device for removing dioxins and other harmful substances can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a main part of an incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view in which an arrangement relationship of a main part of the apparatus in FIG. 1 is partially changed.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an appearance of the apparatus in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a front view of each combustion chamber constituting a gas circulation path of the apparatus in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a plan view taken along the line T1-T1 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a side view taken along the line T2-T2 in FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is a side view taken along the line T3-T3 in FIG. 4;

FIG. 8 is a front view of each combustion chamber of the climbing structure of the apparatus in FIG. 2;

FIG. 9 is a plan view taken along line T4-T4 in FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a side view taken along the line T5-T5 in FIG. 8;

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 burner A0 burner chamber A1 main combustion chamber A2 second combustion chamber A3 third combustion chamber A4 to An fourth to nth combustion chamber B flue C air diffuser D bag filter D 'bag filter

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Tatsuo Haigai 33 Makimachi Chi, Kanazawa City F term (reference) 3K061 AA14 AA24 AB01 AC01 AC03 AC19 AC20 BA08 EA01 EA03 3K078 AA08 BA03 BA26 CA02 CA06

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A burner chamber into which a burner flame is introduced, and a flame introduced from the burner chamber thermally decomposes the incinerated material in the container and burns the incinerated material with a combustible gas generated by the thermal decomposition. A combustion chamber, a second combustion chamber, which communicates with the main combustion chamber via a flue so as to allow gas inflow and outflow, and burns unburned gas and dust flowing from the main combustion chamber; a second combustion chamber and a burner The two chambers communicate with each other so as to allow gas inflow and outflow, respectively.
A third combustion chamber for burning unburned gas and dust from the combustion chamber is provided. A series of closed circulation paths from the main combustion chamber to the second combustion chamber, the third combustion chamber, and the burner chamber are flammable. An incinerator wherein the unburned gas and dust circulating together with the gas are finally incinerated in the third combustion chamber. 2. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein at least the main combustion chamber is a fluidized bed incinerator having a pressure cooker structure for burning the incineration material in heated fluidized sand. 3. A method according to claim 1, wherein a part of the flame in the burner chamber is directly introduced into the main combustion chamber, and the remaining flame is introduced into the main combustion chamber through a diffuser port. Or incinerator as described. 4. A plurality of combustion chambers connected in series to a third combustion chamber in a climbing structure type, and when unburned gas flows in from the third combustion chamber, is burned sequentially in a climbing manner and finally completely burned. The incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: 5. The incineration material in the main combustion chamber is waste gas and dust generated from the existing incinerator equipment, and the waste is divided into the main combustion chamber, the second combustion chamber, and the third combustion chamber. The incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein incineration is performed at a maximum of 800 ° C or higher during circulation to detoxify harmful substances such as dioxin contained in the waste. 6. A bag filter having at least a function of adsorbing harmful substances generated by combustion of an incinerated substance is provided in at least a gas flow path between the main combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber. The incinerator as described.