JP2000274626A - Small-sized incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a small-sized incinerator employing as a fuel dust capable of combustion and of causing high temperature. SOLUTION: This small-sized incinerator is constructed with a first combustion chamber 3 into which combustible dust is introduced, a second combustion chamber 5 disposed in the first combustion chamber 3 for introducing combustion gas produced in the first combustion chamber 3 for combustion, and a residence combustion chamber. There are provided means 2b for supplying combustion air to a wall of the first combustion chamber 3, and a plurality of gas inflow holes 4d for flowing combustion gas produced in the first combustion chamber 3 in to the second combustion chamber 5 and a supply hole 4e for combustion air. Further, combustion gas produced in the second combustion chamber 5 is introduced into the residence combustion chamber, which gas is combusted at high temperature while temporarily allowing the combustion gas to reside.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention provides a small incinerator suitable for incinerating small town waste and capable of efficiently incinerating while generating high temperatures at which dioxin can be thermally decomposed. It is.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, municipalities have separated and collected three types of raw garbage, burnable garbage and non-burnable garbage in order to recycle garbage as a resource and to purify exhaust gas. ing.

[0003] Various types of incinerators have been developed, and devices for reducing dioxins generated during incineration have been proposed. The incinerator comprises a steaming and carbonizing furnace and a separator disposed at the rear of the steaming and carbonizing furnace.
A separator for crushing carbides and the like separated by the separator, a combustion furnace for burning the carbides and the like, a heat recovery furnace for combustion gas discharged from the combustion furnace, and a waste gas discharged from the heat recovery furnace. A large-scale incineration facility has been proposed which is constituted by a series of processing apparatuses.

Municipal refuse is steamed in a steaming furnace at a preceding stage, and flammable gas and flammable solid particles containing a large amount of carbon (carbide) and non-metals such as small pieces of metal, pebbles, and glass are used. Particles of non-combustible solids, and further separated into large metals mixed in garbage such as wires for hangers, etc., and the combustible gas is supplied to a subsequent combustion furnace and the particles of the combustible solids are A non-combustible solid is separated from the process by arranging one or more stages of a pulverizer and a classifier, and the remaining combustible carbide is supplied to the combustion furnace, where the combustible gas and the combustible carbide are burned at a high temperature. Like that.

In the combustion furnace, flammable gas, flammable carbide fine particles and air are mixed and burned, so that it can be burned efficiently at a high temperature and ash generated at that time is melted. And reduce the volume,
It is solidified and can be used as a material for bricks and small particle roads. Since ash is discharged as it is in a small combustion furnace, the ash is melted and solidified in order to reduce the amount of the ash, and the ash is used as a brick or a road pavement material.

The incinerator is a large-sized apparatus that burns 100 to 150 tons of garbage per day, and is suitable for a city having a relatively large population. However, for example, small municipalities with a population of about 5,000 to 20,000 or less are not suitable because the amount of garbage is less than the prescribed amount, and small incinerators are currently installed individually. It is.

[0007] However, the conventional small incinerator has a simple structure in which garbage is simply charged, ignited, and burned. The combustion state is unstable, and as a result, the burning garbage gradually changes its volume and form as it burns, the combustion state changes accordingly, the amount of smoke generated is large, and air pollution becomes a problem. ing.

Further, as a recent serious problem, even if a small incinerator burns satisfactorily, the temperature is at most about 600 to 700 ° C. As a result, a large amount of dioxin is generated, and 800 ° C. or more at which dioxin can be suppressed. Often does not reach the temperature. After this dioxin was confirmed to affect growth hormone, the use of this small incinerator was banned.

However, it is necessary to stably collect garbage from a wide area in order to construct a large-scale incineration facility. It is not suitable as garbage incineration equipment in such areas.

On the other hand, small incinerators have already been installed and operated in these small cities and regions, respectively, and the number thereof is quite large. Therefore, in order to dispose of the existing small incinerator and construct a new incinerator that does not generate dioxin, it is necessary to stably secure a certain amount of garbage or more. This is not something you can do.

An object of the present invention is to provide a small incinerator which does not generate dioxin by burning even a small amount of refuse at a high temperature. Another object of the present invention is to provide a small incinerator that can easily remodel an existing small incinerator with a small remodeling cost and easily.

[0012]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a small incinerator according to the present invention, comprising: a first combustion chamber capable of receiving and storing refuse containing flammable materials; A second combustion chamber, which is disposed in the room, is heated by heat generated when the refuse is burned, and introduces and burns combustion gas generated in the first combustion chamber; A means for supplying combustion air to a wall of the first combustion chamber, the means comprising: a combustion chamber for introducing and burning combustion gas generated in the chamber or incomplete combustion gas; The chamber is provided with a plurality of gas inlets through which combustion gas generated in the first combustion chamber flows, and a supply port for combustion air. Further, the combustion gas generated in the second combustion chamber is supplied to the stagnant combustion chamber. Composed to burn at high temperature while introducing and temporarily staying To have.

A plurality of combustion air supply ports are opened along the wall surface of the first combustion chamber.
The means for supplying the combustion air to the combustion chambers of the above is provided with means for adjusting the amount of air. The second combustion chamber is made of firebrick and formed in a long upward kiln shape, and slit-like combustion gas inlets are provided on both side walls. Further, the second
The combustion chamber is preferably provided substantially at the center of the first combustion chamber, but may be provided along the side wall surface of the first combustion chamber.

[0014] In the small incinerator according to the present invention, refuse is charged into the first combustion chamber, and a predetermined amount of refuse is stored therein and ignited to burn the refuse. The ascending kiln-shaped second combustion chamber installed in the intermediate part is heated from the outside, and the combustion gas generated in the first combustion chamber is introduced, and the second stage combustion is performed inside the second combustion chamber. Therefore, the combustion air is stably supplied to the refuse in the first combustion chamber, and satisfactorily burns.

Further, the second combustion chamber is entirely heated by heat generated when refuse in the first combustion chamber is burned, and only the combustion gas is introduced into the inside thereof, and the combustion gas is further added thereto. Air can be burned while being supplied as needed, and can be burned while generating a high temperature stably. Also,
Conversely, when the second combustion chamber is burned, the second combustion chamber is heated, and the second combustion chamber heats debris in the first combustion chamber, thereby promoting the combustion. Can be.

The combustion gas burned in the second combustion chamber is introduced into a stagnant combustion chamber disposed downstream of the second combustion chamber, and swirls inside the combustion chamber to further burn while mixing. It is possible to burn while generating extremely high temperatures that were not obtained with a small combustion furnace,
Dioxin can be burned at a high temperature suitable for pyrolysis.

Moreover, the incinerator according to the present invention has a basic structure based on a conventional small incinerator, and has a structure that can be completed only by simple modifications.
The currently operating combustion furnace can be easily and quickly retrofitted to the structure of the present invention.

In particular, the point of particular remark in the present invention is that dioxin can be burned while generating a high temperature which is almost impossible to extinguish dioxin, which has been impossible in a conventional small incinerator.

[0019]

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a small incinerator 1 partially cut away, FIG. 2 is a side view partially cut away, and FIG. 3 is a front view thereof.

In the incinerator 1, a first combustion chamber 3 is formed inside a main body 2 made of heat-resistant bricks, and a second main body 4 made of fire-resistant bricks is arranged in the center of the inside of the first combustion chamber 3. A second combustion chamber 5 is formed inside the main body 4 of the first embodiment. A stagnant combustion chamber 6 is connected to an extension of the second main body 4 via a duct portion 8 (flue).

Two doors 2a are provided on the front surface of the main body 2, a plurality of air supply ports 2b are provided on the side wall at intervals, and an inlet for introducing dust is provided on the ceiling surface. It is provided to be openable and closable by a lid plate 2d. As shown in FIG. 3, a damper 2f for adjusting the air flow is provided at the air supply port 2b so that the air flow can be appropriately adjusted in consideration of the combustion state in the first combustion chamber 3 in particular.

The second main body 4 constituting the second combustion chamber 5
As shown in FIGS. 4 (A) and 4 (B), it is made of fire-resistant bricks in the shape of an upward kiln, and is made up of a ceiling part 4 a, a side wall part 4 b, and a floor part 4 c made of fire-resistant bricks, which are inclined in a letter shape. A plurality of combustion gas inlets 4d are formed in the side walls 4b in a slit shape at intervals in the longitudinal direction.

The front part of the second main body 4 is closed by a wall surface, a combustion air supply pipe 4e is provided in the middle part thereof, and the amount of air supplied by a damper 4f provided at the mouth thereof is adjusted. It has become. As shown in FIG. 2, the second main body 4 includes a main body 6 and a main body 6 that forms a stagnant combustion chamber 7.
Are connected by a duct portion 8 (flue).

On the ceiling of the main body 6 constituting the stagnant combustion chamber 7, a throat section 1 constituting a lower portion of the chimney via a collecting section 9 is provided.
0 is formed, and the fan 12
And air is supplied from the nozzle 14 through the duct 13,
The inside of the stagnation combustion chamber 7, which is the inside of the main body 6, is brought into a negative pressure state,
The combustion gas generated in the second combustion chamber 5 is attracted into the stagnant combustion chamber 7, burned and discharged while generating high temperature. In addition, a chimney 15 is connected to the throat portion 10 as necessary, so that high-temperature combustion gas is released and diffused into the air at a predetermined height.

The main body 6 is provided with an auxiliary burner 17. For example, the combustion temperature in the second combustion chamber 5 is low as in the initial stage of combustion, and the temperature of the stagnant combustion chamber 7 is accordingly reduced. It is configured to assist combustion when low and prevent the generation of smoke and deterioration of exhaust gas characteristics. In addition, temperature sensors 18 are provided at necessary locations such as the duct section 8 and the stagnant combustion chamber 7.
In this embodiment, the temperature of the combustion gas discharged from the second combustion chamber 5 is measured in the duct portion 8 and the temperature in the stagnant combustion chamber 7 is measured.

The operation of the small incinerator 1 constructed as described above is performed by closing the door 2a at the front of the main body 2, opening the lid 2d of the dust inlet 2c at the ceiling, and throwing in dust from this. Then, it is deposited in the first combustion chamber 3.

Then, the induction fan 12 connected to the upper part of the third main body 6 is driven to generate a flow in a certain direction inside the stagnant combustion chamber 7 and the second combustion chamber 5. Then, the lid plate 2d is closed and dust is ignited through the air supply port 2b provided in the side wall. At this time, if the ignition state is poor, the ignition can be easily performed by sprinkling a combustible material such as kerosene on the dust.

When the refuse in the first combustion chamber 3 burns as described above, combustible gas is generated together with the smoke, but combustion air is supplied into the first combustion chamber 3 from the air supply port 2b. Further, since the inside of the second combustion chamber 5 is in a negative pressure state, the first combustion chamber is opened through a slit-shaped combustion gas inlet 4 d (FIG. 4B) opened on the side wall of the second main body 4. The combustion gas generated in 3 is introduced and burned inside. Further, since the combustion air supply pipe 4e is provided in the second combustion chamber 5, the combustion air can be supplied in an optimum state by adjusting the damper 4f provided in the opening thereof. .

The first-stage combustion in the first combustion chamber 3 produces combustion gas and smoke, which are introduced into a second combustion chamber 5 in a second body 4 where it is introduced. Further burning.
Since the second main body 4 is heated by the heat of the refuse burning in the first combustion chamber 3, the gas that has not been burned in the first combustion chamber 3 is discharged in the second combustion chamber 5. Can be satisfactorily burned.

Next, the combustion gas is introduced into the stagnant combustion chamber 7, and the combustion can be continued at a high temperature while being supplied with air from an air supply port (not shown) as needed. The stagnant combustion chamber 7 is long upward, and the top is narrowed to form a collecting portion 9, and the throat portion 10 is formed following the collecting portion 9. The combustion gas is temporarily stored in the stagnant combustion chamber 7, is swirled and agitated, continues the combustion, and is discharged from the throat unit 10.

The air pressurized by the inducing fan 12 is jetted from the nozzle 14 toward the inlet of the throat portion 10 through the duct 13, and the inside of the collecting portion 9 is depressurized with the flow of the air. While the inside of the stagnant combustion chamber 7 is maintained in a reduced pressure state, the combustion gas in the stagnant combustion chamber 7 is discharged into the air through the throat portion 10 and the chimney 15 as exhaust gas.

This is a portion for continuing the combustion while swirling and stirring the combustion gas in the second combustion chamber 5,
The combustion gas generated therein is further combusted in the second combustion chamber 5 and then supplied to the stagnant combustion chamber 7, where the combustion is continued while temporarily stagnating. For example, a combustion gas of about 1200 ° C. or higher can be generated.

The stagnant combustion chamber 7 discharged from the chimney 15
Since the exhaust gas inside has a considerable amount of heat at a high temperature, the amount of heat can be used to produce hot water and be used for heating and swimming pools.

Although not shown in detail, the first combustion chamber 3 is formed by utilizing the high temperature of the combustion gas in the stagnant combustion chamber 7.
The ash generated inside can be heated or melted. Next, conditions for using the small incinerator according to the present invention will be briefly described.

1) Incinerated materials are household garbage that does not contain garbage, and includes vinyl refuse, paper waste, and other combustible refuse. 2) The use time of the auxiliary burner 17 shown in FIG. 2 is the same as the ignition of dust in the first combustion chamber 3, but can be stopped in about 5 to 10 minutes. Specifically, the fuel control device is adjusted so that the temperature of the combustion gas in the duct section 8 (flue) is automatically stopped at about 900 ° C.

3) The main body 2 forming the first combustion chamber 3 uses a fire-resistant brick No. 32, and the second main body 4 forming the second combustion chamber 5 uses a fire-resistant caster No. 34 in the same manner as described above. Further, the third main body 6 constituting the stagnant combustion chamber 7 uses a refractory caster No. 32.

The induction fan 12 (exhaust fan) is of a medium pressure type and can exhaust 200 m ³ / min. In the ash extraction operation, when the temperature of the incinerator is low (for example, early in the morning), an operator opens the door 2a which opens in a cannon, and operates an electric lift to take out the ash in the incinerator.

4) According to the measurement result of the temperature inside the stagnant combustion chamber 7, it is confirmed that the combustion takes place at a high temperature of 1200 ° C. or more.
It is preferred to operate at １1100 ° C.

5) The exhaust gas discharged from the stagnation combustion chamber 7 can be maintained at a high temperature at which dioxin in the exhaust gas can be decomposed, and as a result, refuse that does not discharge dioxin can be burned. The superiority of the small incinerator according to the present invention has been confirmed.

[0040]

According to the present invention, since the small incinerator according to the present invention is constructed and operated as described above, the combustion air is stably supplied to the refuse in the first combustion chamber. Can be satisfactorily burned. In addition, the second combustion chamber disposed in the first combustion chamber is entirely heated by heat generated by the combustion of dust in the first combustion chamber, and only the combustion gas is introduced into the second combustion chamber. Since it is further burned, it is possible to stably burn and generate a high temperature. Then, the second combustion chamber is heated by the high temperature in the second combustion chamber disposed inside the first combustion chamber, and accordingly, heat is given to the burning dust in the first combustion chamber. To heat each other.

The combustion gas burned in the second combustion chamber in this manner is introduced into the stagnant combustion chamber, stays there, and further burns while being agitated. , And combustion at a high temperature of 800 ° C. or more, which is particularly suitable for thermally decomposing dioxin.

Moreover, the incinerator according to the present invention has a structure which is completed based on a conventional small incinerator with simple modifications, so that the construction cost is low and the incinerator is currently in operation. Can be easily and quickly converted to the structure of the present invention.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a small incinerator with a part cut away.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the incinerator shown partially cut away.

FIG. 3 is a front view of the incinerator.

FIG. 4 (A) is a side view of a second main body constituting a second combustion chamber, and FIG. 4 (B) is a cross-sectional view of the second main body cut from a central portion and viewed from an inlet side.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Incinerator 2 Main body 2a Door 2b Air supply port 2c Garbage inlet 2d Cover plate 2f Damper 3 First combustion chamber 4 Second main body 4a Ceiling 4b Side wall 4c Floor 4d Combustion gas inlet 4e Combustion air supply Pipe 4f damper 5 second combustion chamber 6 main body 7 stagnant combustion chamber 8 duct part (flue) 9 collecting part 10 throat part 12 attracting fan 13 duct 14 nozzle 15 chimney

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference)

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A first combustion chamber capable of charging and containing refuse containing combustibles, and being disposed in the first combustion chamber, being heated by heat generated when the refuse is burned, A second combustion chamber for introducing and burning the combustion gas generated in the first combustion chamber, and a stagnant combustion chamber for further introducing and burning the combustion gas or incomplete combustion gas generated in the second combustion chamber. Means for supplying combustion air to the wall of the first combustion chamber, and a plurality of gases for allowing combustion gas generated in the first combustion chamber to flow into the second combustion chamber. An inlet and a supply port for combustion air are provided, and the combustion gas generated in the second combustion chamber is introduced into the stagnant combustion chamber, and the combustion gas is burned at a high temperature while temporarily stagnating. Composed small incinerator. 2. A plurality of combustion air supply ports are opened along the wall surface of the first combustion chamber, and a means for supplying combustion air to the second combustion chamber has an air flow rate. 2. The small incinerator according to claim 1, further comprising means for adjusting the temperature. 3. The small incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the second combustion chamber is formed of a refractory brick and has a long upward kiln shape, and slit-like combustion gas inlets are provided on both side walls. 4. The small incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the second combustion chamber is provided substantially at a central portion of the first combustion chamber or along a side wall surface of the first combustion chamber.