JP2000268945A - Plate with heating element and its manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plate in which a heating element is directly installed in an optional place on the surface and its production process, and increase selectivity of a size and a shape when used in architectural interior and exterior materials. SOLUTION: A silk screen on which a circuit is printed is used as a printed board, placed for covering on a plate 1 fit to a frame and stretched, a suitable amount of mixed solution of a carbonized material 3 of bamboo, formed in fine powder and a crosslinking agent is poured on the printed board, spread with a squeeze, dried to form a heat generating part 6, and an electrode 7 is added to the heat generating part 6 to form a heating element 8, and the heating element 8 is covered with a material 9 having high insulating performance to form a plate-with-heating element 10. The plate-with-heating element 10 having an optional size and shape can be manufactured mainly manually on a job site with a movable instrument without use of fixed equipment.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a plate with a heating element and a method for manufacturing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Fuel, which is one of the energies used to create a comfortable environment for humankind, relies on natural resources for its resources, and its form is wood and the like on the ground, and coal and crude oil, natural gas and uranium ore under the ground. Be represented. Except for wood and coal, they are rarely used in their natural form. They are collected, processed, converted into easy-to-use forms such as city gas, electricity and kerosene and supplied to consumers.

[0003] The act of directly converting resources into heat in the form of visible combustion of city gas, electricity and kerosene is now used in small-scale facilities such as food stoves, kitchen stoves or heating stoves. In many cases, the indirect act of transferring heat energy obtained from a burning act to another medium and supplying the heat energy through the medium is widely used to improve safety, simplicity and operability.

[0004] In the field of heating, there are a large number of models that mainly conduct heat, either conduction, convection, or radiation, in order to meet the purpose of combining conditions such as individual and multi-person, local and whole, portable and fixed. For example, oil heaters, electric stoves, electric carpets, kerosene stoves, and the like are available for portable use, and steam heaters, air conditioners, and floor heating are used for fixing purposes.

[0005]

City gas, electricity and kerosene are readily available heat resources, and the advantage of the equipment by its direct use is the speed of temperature rise, but there is a concern that safety may not be perfect. In particular, it is difficult to select a supply source for city gas, and it is difficult to keep the room temperature constant. In this regard, the heat transfer type floor heating, which mainly conducts heat by indirect use, can be said to be a preferable use method, but it requires a floor board with a built-in small-diameter pipe and a forced circulation system for heat medium, and its size and shape are limited and considerable There is a problem that requires equipment costs.

[0006] Heating or heating equipment used outside living facilities, such as indoors, excludes production facilities such as greenhouse cultivation where sufficient depreciable resources can be obtained, road snow melting facilities operated by local governments, and transportation facilities in snowfall areas. Is rarely seen. Snow removal such as roofs and covers in snowfall areas where snow removal equipment is desired is still left to human labor, and despite the heavy labor, adoption of other means has not progressed.The cost of equipment and operation is less than the labor cost Because.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a plate with a heating element of a desired shape and size using electricity as a heat source and a method of manufacturing the same, in order to meet the demand for indoor or outdoor heating or heating. I do.

According to the present invention, a heating element consisting of a heating part and electrodes formed by forming a coating film on a surface of a plate with a mixed solution of fine powdered carbide and a cross-linking agent, and arranging the heating element is disposed. A plate with a heating element characterized by being coated with a material having high insulation performance and fixed to the plate by an appropriate means, cutting a silk screen into a necessary area, applying a photosensitive emulsion on the silk screen, and applying the photosensitive emulsion. On the silk screen coated with the emulsion,
A silk screen, which is covered with a paper pattern depicting a circuit corresponding to a heating section and baked with a light source to remove the emulsion from the non-exposed areas, is used as a printing plate and directly on any surface of a board with a required area. A) described in A) and B) below, A) The heating furnace is placed under oxygen deficiency, and the carbide (3) obtained by heating at a required time and temperature is pulverized into a powdery fine powder, The fine powder is added to a crosslinking agent at a ratio selected from the range of 20 to 60% by weight to form a mixed solution. B) The mixed solution is poured on a printing plate and applied so as to be extruded from a plate opening surface corresponding to a heating portion. After applying the treatment to the plate, the mixed solution of the coating film to be a heat generating part is dried and hardened to form a heat generating part by attaching electrodes made of an electric conductor to both ends of the heat generating part to form a heat generating element. The surrounding area is covered with a material with high insulation performance. A method for manufacturing a heating element with plate to.

[0009]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS According to the present invention, a plate with a heating element in which a heating element and an electrode are formed on any surface of a plate having an arbitrary area and shape, and a heating section can be formed without special equipment. With the manufacturing method, a heating element is formed directly on a plate with high insulation properties,
For a non-insulating board, a heating element is formed after a preliminary treatment of forming a layer with a material having a high insulation performance in advance, and then the heating element is covered with a material having a high insulation performance and is fixed to the board, so that electricity is supplied to the board surface so that the heating is performed. Keep at low temperature.

[0010] The material of the board is a wood-based board such as a veneer, a laminated board and a laminated board obtained by directly shaping wood or bamboo, or a plate-shaped paper of a secondary processed product made from wood or bamboo. When selecting from a metal plate such as iron and copper and aluminum or an alloy thereof, check the degree of insulation of the plate surface forming the heating element, and if it is insufficient, insulate an insulating layer having an appropriate thickness in advance on the plate surface. Form.

Similarly, a thermoplastic resin such as polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, methacryl, polyfluoroethylene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyamide and polyimide, or a thermosetting resin such as unsaturated polyester and epoxy and polyurethane. In the case of a resin plate selected from the conductive resins, the insulating layer is not always necessary, and even in the case of a synthetic plate in which a wood-based plate, a metal plate and a resin plate are appropriately combined, the surface on which the heating element is formed is treated according to the above classification.

The main constituents of the heat generating portion are powdered fine powdered carbide and a crosslinking agent. Carbide cuts bamboo preferably in a heating furnace to cut off oxygen, 1000-1800 ° C
It is desirable that the powder is heat-treated at a main temperature selected from the range described above for a required time to obtain a volume resistivity value in the range of 10 ² to 10 ⁶ Ωcm, and then pulverized into a powdery fine powder. This fine powder constitutes a mixed solution with a crosslinking agent in a ratio selected from the range of 20 to 60% by weight, preferably 30 to 40% by weight. The carbide may be a fine powder such as carbon plaque, graphite, or carbon fiber.

The cross-linking agent may be an adhesive for two-component curing type dry lamination or an adhesive made of polyurethane or poimide resin and a solvent, and the adhesive may be cured and dried using a heating device. Heat treatment is not an absolute condition but 1
An adhesive that cures at a room temperature in the range of 5 to 35 ° C. within a short period of time so as not to hinder movement is more desirable, and a highly volatile ink containing an acrylic resin or the like may be used.

The manufacturing method is such that a photosensitive emulsion is applied to a silk screen selected from a range of 30 to 500 mesh to form a printing plate corresponding to a heating portion, and a circuit is drawn directly or indirectly on the photosensitive emulsion. By transferring and exposing the coating to the coating film with a light source using a light source as a pattern, and washing out the non-exposed parts with water, a silk screen with a baked circuit can be obtained. It has the feature that it can be rolled and carried to the extent that it does not damage the surface.

[0015] Preferably, the periphery of the printing plate is gripped by a frame or the like and tension is applied to remove the slack inside, and the heating plate is fixed on a plate on which a heating element is to be formed. Then, an appropriate amount of the prepared mixed solution is poured and printing is performed with a squeegee or the like. Extruded onto the plate from the opening of the plate and applied,
After drying, it is in the range of 0.01 to 1.0 mm, preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mm.
The coating film is formed so as to be within the thickness selected in the range of 01 to 0.5 mm. The circuit has a ladder pattern and the unit circuit has a wide bar shape, so that a necessary gap can be secured even if the printing plate is covered on the board. The printing plate can be used repeatedly, and the circuit pattern is not limited to the bar shape but may be a curved shape.

Heating or drying the coating film at room temperature to form a heat-generating portion, and attaching electrodes made of copper or aluminum or an alloy thereof as an electric conductor at both ends of the circuit to form a heat-generating body, and insulating properties of the resin film and the like The heating part and the electrodes are covered with a material having a high hardness, and fixed to the plate by means such as heat or an adhesive. Instead of the mixed solution used for the heat generating part, a circuit may be directly formed by a mixture of fine particles of a carbide and a resin-based binder, and may be formed so as to cover with a heat-welding type film and press-bond. Although this heating element may be manufactured by a fixed type facility, the present invention has an advantage that the heating element price can be kept low by utilizing the portability of the printing plate and being adaptable to on-site production flexibly.

This manufacturing method is advantageous in that the size and shape of the heating element can be quickly provided without the need for fixing equipment in accordance with the mating plate, and that the plates with the heating element can be laminated and the plate surface can be processed with an arbitrary pattern or the like. In addition, the heating element is configured to apply a voltage of usually 100 volts or less and supply heat energy in the range of ²⁰ to 150 W / m ² , so that the surface temperature of the plate is 1 to 80 ° C. depending on the ambient conditions. It was possible to keep in the range. Therefore, when the combination of the material of the plate on which the heating element is mounted and the surface temperature and the plate with the heating element are stacked in the range of 2 to 5 layers in consideration of the environmental temperature, the use as a characteristic interior / exterior material for a building is expanded.

For example, when a plate whose surface is partially carbonized is combined with a surface temperature approaching a high temperature, radiant energy is generated by far-infrared rays in addition to heat transfer by conduction, and an effective temperature rise can be expected. When combined with building interior materials such as floors, resin boards, wood-based boards subjected to corrosion protection or metal boards, or composite boards of both, and the lower surface temperature, snow and snowboard It is effective for snow removal by preventing icing on the contact surface and is suitable for building exterior materials such as roofs and walls. When the board is in the form of a film, it can be used as a heat retaining sheet for raising seedlings or concrete curing of civil engineering.

When forming the heat generating portion on the plate, it is desirable that the work surface is flat. However, the curved surface is not an absolute condition and does not hinder the formation of the heat generating portion. In addition, it is possible to attach a smooth curved surface to the plate portion including the heating element by post-processing after the completion of the plate with the heating element, but the temperature rise due to the heat generated at the time of processing may cause the material surrounding the heating section. It is important to take care not to exceed the deformation temperature.

However, it is desirable that the processing of the heating element after forming be limited to a very small part of the processing, and the shape of the plate is formed in advance in an appropriate continuous shape in one direction, for example, a waveform, a trapezoid or a square. When the material is not limited to a wood-based plate, a metal plate, or a resin plate, a heat-insulating sheet wrapping a heating element formed in advance with a flexible film according to the present invention from both sides using an adhesive is used. It may be attached as a plate with a heating element.

[0021]

The plate on which the heating element of the present invention is mounted keeps the surface at a low temperature by energization, and in addition to conducting heat mainly by conduction, generates a small amount of convection and radiation heat transfer from the plate surface. When carbonized, the heat transfer of the radiation becomes more active, and a metal plate having good heat conductivity has a different function depending on the properties of the plate, such as faster heat transfer.

[0022]

Embodiment 1 FIGS. 1A and 1B show that a heating element 8 is formed after a layer 2 made of a material having high insulation performance is formed on a plate 1 obtained by processing round bamboo, and the insulation performance is formed on the heating element. High material 9
In the cross-sectional view and the rear view of the heating element-equipped plate 10 covered and fixed by the above, the layer 2 may be omitted particularly when the insulation state of the mounting surface of the heating element is good. Note that, since the heating element 8 is drawn as an enlarged model in all the drawings, there are steps in each layer.

As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 1A, a bamboo carbide 3 in the form of a powdery fine powder having a volume resistivity value in the range of 10 ² to 10 ⁶ Ωcm is used for a two-pack curing type dry lamination. A mixed solution 5 added to a crosslinking agent 4 made of an adhesive [FIG.
(B)], an electrode 7 made of a copper-based material is attached to the heat-generating part 6 formed and dried in the heat-generating part 6, and a heat-insulating material 9 is put on the heat-generating element and fixed with an adhesive. This is the configuration. FIG. 1B is a rear view showing the shape of the heat generating portion 6.

Although the plate 1 used for the plate 10 with a heating element is illustrated as a single plate in the drawing, the size and thickness can be selected from a single plate, a laminated plate, a laminated plate, and a composite plate formed by laminating and laminating according to the application. As shown in FIG. 2, when the plate 1 is a bamboo or wood plate 10A with a heating element having a carbonized layer 11 formed on the surface, radiant heat is generated by increasing the temperature of the plate, and the floor, wall, ceiling, etc. When used as an interior material, it can be used as a quiet, calm, and highly safe heat source to improve the environment of dwellings.

When a plate with a heating element made of metal is used as an exterior material such as a roof tile or an eave in a snow-covered area, it is useful as a means for removing snow. In the case of snow melting, a controller with a temperature sensor is provided, and if the temperature of the surface in contact with the snow is kept at 0 ° C. or higher to avoid freezing of the surface, the snow in the upper layer slides down naturally due to the inclination of the roof.
At this time, it is desirable that the surface of the metal plate on which the heating element is not mounted is subjected to corrosion protection treatment, and such a usage becomes possible only by providing a low-cost plate with a heating element.

[0026]

Embodiment 2 FIG. 3 shows a heating element 8 directly formed on the surface of a plate 1A made of a polyvinyl chloride material having a high insulation performance, which is covered with a material 9 having a high insulation performance and adhered and fixed on the heating element. In the cross-sectional view of the plate 10B, the difference from the first embodiment is that the insulating layer is omitted and the plate 1A can adopt a relatively large area without a seam. This plate with a heating element can also be used for exterior materials such as roof tiles and eaves.

[0027]

Embodiment 3 FIGS. 4A and 4B show a heat-generating plate 10C in which a heat-generating element 8 is interposed between three laminated plates.
4A is a cross-sectional view in the length direction, and FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view in the width direction cut from electrode portions at both ends. When such a laminated material is used as an interior material on the floor of the first floor or a partition plate having relatively large heat dissipation or on the inner surface of a wall in contact with the outside air, there is an effect of reducing the change in the surface temperature of the indoor side plate.

The reason is that the heat capacity of the whole plate is increased by the lamination, and the large heat loss occurring on the side close to the outside air is received by the outside heating element to reduce the influence on the inside. The increase in the thickness facilitates the configuration of the electrode and the groove 16 for the connecting material and the insulating material. FIG.

[0029]

Embodiment 4 FIGS. 6A to 6D show a heating element 8 formed on a plate 1 by using a silk screen 12 on which a cured film 13 of a photosensitive emulsion is adhered as a printing plate 14 after baking of a circuit pattern paper. The outline of the process for forming the plate 10 is shown in a perspective view. FIG.
FIG. 6A shows a preferred state in which the periphery of the printing plate 14 is fixed by tension using a frame 17 with an adjustment metal fitting to remove slack inside.
(B) shows the fine powder of carbide 3 and the crosslinking agent 4
An appropriate amount of the mixed solution 5 consisting of
The heating part 6 is formed.

FIG. 6C shows a state in which a copper electrode 7 is fixed to the end of the ladder-shaped heating section 6 after drying at room temperature. FIG. 6D shows a film having a high insulation performance from the heating section and the electrode. Material 9
Is covered with an adhesive and fixed to the plate 1 to complete a plate 10 with a heating element. Printing plate 14 as shown
If a flat work surface 19 is secured, the work will proceed mainly by hand, without the need for fixing equipment, and the thickness of the circuit will be sufficient to supply the required amount of mixed solution 5 for forming the coating film, and the leveling operation will be sufficiently performed. By doing so, a preferable thickness can be obtained.

[0031]

The following effects are obtained from the use and the manufacturing method of the plate with a heating element according to the present invention. By using not only floors but also walls and ceilings as building interior materials, stable heating energy with low output is continuously supplied from the heating element, enabling efficient overall heating with less temperature unevenness, and the surface processing condition of the board This generates more radiant heat, thus improving the livability of the room. The use of roofing and eaves as a building exterior material improves the workability of snow measures on roofs, especially in cold regions. There is no particular need for a fixed manufacturing facility, and the forming of the heating element on the plate can proceed at any place without being limited in size and shape. Since it does not require expensive equipment and operating funds as compared with the conventional printing method, it contributes to a reduction in product cost.

The plate with the heating element having the above-mentioned features and the manufacturing method are generally combined with the standardized size, thickness and shape and the capacity of the heating element except for a new construction or a remodeling in which a flat portion is large in a building. In many cases, it is not possible to fit
According to the present invention, a combination of any size, thickness, shape, and capacity of the heat generating element can be freely selected, so that an effect of greatly improving the ease of construction at a construction site or the like is also obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view and FIG. 1B is a rear view of a plate provided with a heating element via an insulating layer according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of a plate with a heating element using a carbonized plate.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a plate provided with a heating element without an insulating layer according to the second embodiment.

4A is a cross-sectional view of a laminated plate with a heating element of Example 3, and FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view in the width direction taken from electrode portions at both ends in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a plate with a heating element laminated using a carbonized plate in the table.

FIGS. 6A to 6D are schematic perspective views illustrating steps of forming a heating element according to a fourth embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1A board 2 layer (insulation) 3 carbide 4 crosslinking agent 5 mixed solution 6 heating part 7 electrode 8 heating element 9 material (insulation) 10, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D board with heating element 11 carbonized layer 12 silk screen 13 Cured film of photosensitive emulsion 14 Printing plate 15 Opening 16 Groove 17 Frame with adjustment bracket 18 Squeegee 19 Work surface

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) // E04D 13/00 E04D 13/00 A F-term (Reference) 3K034 BA08 BA15 BB02 BB08 BB09 BB13 BB14 BC12 CA02 CA14 CA22 CA32 HA02 HA08 HA09 HA10 JA01 JA04 JA09 JA10 3K092 PP20 QA05 QB08 QB19 QB20 QB31 QB32 QB43 QB65 QB68 QB76 QC05 QC19 QC25 RF02 RF03 RF09 RF14 RF17 RF22 VV03 VV33

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A heating section (6) in which a coating film is formed on any surface of a plate (1, 1A) with a mixed solution (5) of a fine powdery carbide (3) and a crosslinking agent (4) and dried. And a heating element (8) composed of an electrode (7), the heating element is covered with a material (9) having high insulation performance, and is fixed to the plate (1, 1A) by an appropriate means. Plate with heating element. 2. A carbide (3) constituting a mixed solution (5).
Is made of bamboo and has a volume resistivity of 10 ² to 10 ⁶ Ωcm
The plate with a heating element according to claim 1, wherein the temperature is within the range of (1). 3. The heat generation according to claim 1, wherein the coating film of the mixed solution (5) is formed to have a thickness selected from a range of 0.01 to 0.5 mm after drying. Board with body. 4. The plate with a heating element according to claim 1, wherein the plate (1) is a building interior material. 5. The building interior material is a plate (1) having a carbonized layer (11) on its surface.
A plate with a heating element according to any one of the above. 6. The plate with a heating element according to claim 1, wherein the plate (1) is made of bamboo or wood. 7. The plate with a heating element according to claim 1, wherein the plate (1, 1A) is a building exterior material. 8. The plate with a heating element according to claim 1, wherein the building exterior material is a plate (1, 1A) made of metal or resin. 9. The plate with a heating element according to claim 1, wherein the plate (1, 1A) is a resin film. 10. When the plate (1) is made of a material having a low insulation performance, a layer (2) of a material having a high insulation performance having a required thickness is formed in advance on a surface of the plate on which a heat generating portion is to be formed. The plate with a heating element according to claim 1. 11. A silk screen (12) is cut into a required area, a photosensitive emulsion is applied on the silk screen,
On the silk screen coated with the photosensitive emulsion, a pattern paper depicting a circuit corresponding to a heating section is covered and baked by a light source to remove the unexposed portions of the emulsion. 13) Cover directly on any surface of the plate (1, 1A) of the required area as described in A) and B) below. A) Place the heating furnace under oxygen deficiency and heat it for the required time and temperature. The obtained carbide (3) is pulverized into a powdery fine powder, and a mixed solution (5) obtained by adding the fine powder to the crosslinking agent (4) at a ratio selected from the range of 20 to 60% by weight, B) a process of flowing the mixed solution onto a printing plate (13) and applying the mixed solution so as to extrude it from a plate opening surface (15) corresponding to the heat generating portion (6) to the plate (1, 1A). The mixed solution of the coating film to be dried and cured to form a heat generating portion (6). A plate with a heating element, characterized in that a heating element (8) is formed by attaching electrodes (7) made of an electric conductor to both ends of the heating section, and the periphery of the heating element is covered with a material (9) having high insulation performance. Manufacturing method.