JP2000226305A - Composition originated from pinecone and used for agriculture and horticulture - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a weed growth-inhibiting substance which is harmonized with the natural ecosystems and aims at the control of weeds. SOLUTION: This composition used for agriculture and horticulture contains substances secreted and released from the pinecones of a pine belonging to the genus Pinus in the family Pinaceae, such as Pinus densiflora.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to the secretion of pine cones.
The present invention relates to an agricultural and horticultural composition characterized by containing an allelopathic substance (allelopathic substance) that inhibits radicle elongation of other plants among the released natural chemical substances.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In agriculture and horticulture, weeds, pests, pathogens, etc., suppress the growth of crops and useful plants, cause food damage and diseases, significantly reduce crop yields and hinder healthy growth of useful plants. Sometimes they die.

[0003] Conventionally, weed control has been carried out using herbicides, which are chemically synthesized compounds. On the other hand, attention has been paid to allelopathic substances produced by plants, and researches and proposals have been made to use them for weed control as mild herbicides for natural environmental systems.

Many phenomena and substances have been discovered since the term allelopathy (allelopathy) was proposed by Molish in 1937. For example, as a plant growth inhibitor, the cis-de
hydro-matricaria ester or methyl 10-angeloyloxy-2-c
is-decadiene-4,6-diynoate (K. Ishihara et al .: Agr.
Biol. Chem., 40, 353, 1976, A. Kobayashi et al .:
J. Chem. Ecol., 6, 119-131, 1980, Makoto Numata: Chemistry and Biology, 15 (7), 412-418, 1977, etc., and 1,4 contained in walnut leaves and fruits , 5-hydroxy-alphanaptha-quinone (EFDavi
s: Am.J.Botany., 15, 620, 1928, TELensen et a
l .: Proc.SDAcad.Sci., 41, 131-136, 1962, etc.)
And scopoletin contained in oats (PKFay et a
l .: Weed Sci., 25, 224-228, 1977, etc.) and substances contained in hairy vetch (JLHilton: We
eds Today, 10 (4), 5-6, 1979), and agrostemin contained in redwood, substances contained in sunflower leaves and the like are known. Recently, several sulfonate compounds with cyclic dithiolane skeleton from paddy field weed Nagabonourushi (Yoshio Asakawa et al .: Agricultural and Environmental Technology Research Institute Annual Report, No. 13 (1995), 75-78, 1997), and triterpenoids from small shrub, Taiwan Forsythia Saponin substances (Shuntaro Hiradate et al .: Information on research achievements in fiscal 1996 General agriculture, 187-
188, 1997) have been found as plant growth inhibitors.

However, their growth inhibitory activity is generally weak, and they have not been commercialized as herbicides in fields such as paddy fields and fields, in non-agricultural lands, and in the field of flowers and horticulture.

[0006] In addition to the above, many other plant growth inhibitors derived from the roots, leaves and stems of plants are known, but no growth inhibitor derived from pine cone is known.

[0007]

[Problems to be solved by the invention] As environmental problems increase,
In the field of agriculture and horticulture, there is a strong demand for harmony with natural ecosystems, and in weed control, the use of natural-origin herbicides with a low environmental load is desired.

[0008] As described above, many plant growth inhibitors produced by plants have been found. Although they can be expected to be used as herbicides that are mild to the natural environment, unfortunately, their activity is weaker than synthetic compounds, and they have not yet been put to practical use.

[0009]

It has been empirically known that weeds are unlikely to grow in pine forests, suggesting that allelopathic substances released from fallen leaves or bark may be involved in this. ing. The present inventors have observed the pine forest in detail, and have confirmed that there is particularly little undergrowth around the falling pine cone. Therefore, it is considered that among the substances secreted and released from the pine cone, there are compounds with strong allelopathy, and as a result of various studies, a strong plant growth inhibitory substance / extract that can be expected to be fully commercialized is found. The present invention has been completed and found.

That is, the present invention provides: An agricultural and horticultural composition comprising a substance secreted and released from a pine cone of a pine belonging to the genus Pinaceae. 2. The present invention relates to the agricultural and horticultural composition according to the above item 1, wherein the pine of the genus Pinaceae is Japanese red pine.

[0011]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The plant growth inhibitor of the present invention will be described in detail. The substance can be used by concentrating an extract obtained from pine cone, or purifying it by fractionation, chromatography and the like. The method and conditions are not limited to the following.

[0012] The present invention relates to a plant growth inhibitor contained in pine cone. Extraction of the plant growth inhibitor in pine cone is performed by adding water or an organic solvent such as acetone, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, hexane, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate or chloroform to the pine cone, which is in a form or pulverized, for 1 hour to 4 hours. Days, preferably 3 days
Extract from time to 1 day. These solvents may be used alone,
Further, two or more kinds may be used as a mixture. The pine cone may be a fallen one or a pine cone.

[0013] The pine cone is well as long as it is obtained from Pinaceae Pinus, for example, Japanese red pine (P inus densiflora),
Korean pine ( Pinus koraiensis ), Ryukyu pine ( Pinus luchuensis ), Korean pine ( Pinus parvifl )
ora ), pinus ( Pinus pumila ), black pine ( Pinus thunb )
ergii ), Pinus sylvestris , Pinus palustris , Loblolly pine ( Pinus taed )
a ), French calyx ( Pinus Pinaster ), Rigid pine ( Pinus rigida ), Radiata pine ( Pinus radiata )
But are not limited to these.

In the present invention, the substance contained in pine cone is used as an agricultural and horticultural herbicide by extraction with a solvent,
It can be produced by general chemical separation and purification means such as concentration and purification.

In order to use an acidic substance or a basic substance in the extract of the present invention, Sep-Pak plus QM
A (Waters) and ion-exchange resins such as Sep-Pak plus CM (Waters).
A, can be obtained by column chromatography using an aqueous solution of acetic acid, ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and the like.

The plant growth inhibitor of the present invention may be used alone or as a mixture in a concentrated form, or may be used in combination with a plant growth inhibitor other than the present invention or a pesticide such as a herbicide. it can.

When using the plant growth inhibitor of the present invention, it is usually mixed with a suitable solid carrier or liquid carrier,
If desired, surfactants, penetrants, spreading agents, thickeners,
Add a deicing agent, binder, anti-caking agent, disintegrant and disintegration agent, etc. to prepare liquids, emulsions, wettable powders, aqueous solvents, wettable powders for granules, aqueous solvents for granules, suspensions, emulsions It can be put to practical use in the preparation of any dosage form such as an agent, a suspoemulsion, a microemulsion, a powder, a granule, and a gel. Also,
From the viewpoint of labor saving and improvement of safety, the above-mentioned preparation of any dosage form can be provided by being enclosed in a water-soluble package. The concentration of the plant growth inhibitor of the present invention in these preparations is not particularly limited, but is in the range of 1 to 80 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 75 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the preparation of the present invention. Is prepared.

Examples of the solid carrier include natural minerals such as quartz, kaolinite, pyrophyllite, sericite, talc, bentonite, acid clay, attapulgite, zeolite and diatomaceous earth, calcium carbonate, ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfate and potassium chloride. And the like, synthetic silicic acid and synthetic silicate.

Examples of the liquid carrier include alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and isopropanol; aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene, alkylbenzene and alkylnaphthalene; ethers such as butyl cellosolve; ketones such as cyclohexanone;
Esters such as butyrolactone, N-methylpyrrolidone, acid amides such as N-octylpyrrolidone, soybean oil,
Vegetable oils such as rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil and castor oil, and water.

These solid and liquid carriers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Examples of the surfactant include polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether, polyoxyethylene styryl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block copolymer, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester and polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester. Nonionic surfactants such as oxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters,
Alkyl sulfate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, lignin sulfonate, alkyl sulfosuccinate, naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate,
Salt of formalin condensate of naphthalene sulfonic acid, salt of formalin condensate of alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether sulfate and phosphate, polyoxyethylene styryl phenyl ether sulfate and phosphate, polycarboxylate and polystyrene sulfone Examples include anionic surfactants such as acid salts, cationic surfactants such as alkylamine salts and alkyl quaternary ammonium salts, and amphoteric surfactants such as amino acid type and betaine type.

The content of these surfactants is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of usually 0.05 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the preparation of the present invention. These surfactants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Hereinafter, an example of the plant growth inhibitory effect of the pine cone according to the present invention will be described, but the pine cone according to the present invention is not limited thereto.

1. Inhibition of pine cone on radicle elongation of plants A 0.5% agar solution was placed in a 9 cm diameter petri dish, allowed to cool naturally, and one pine cone collected from a branch of Japanese red pine was allowed to stand at the center. Eight seeds each of cress, celosia, lettuce, and purslane were seeded on each petri dish in a circular manner. After growing for 4 days in a dark place at 25 ° C., the length of the radicle of the test plant was measured. The test was performed using two petri dishes for each test plant, for a total of 16
Performed on granules.

Further, the length of the radicle when only the seed of the test plant was sown was measured and used as a control.

―――――――――――――――――――――――――― Test plant Radicle length ―――――――――――――――― ――――――――― Cress 70.81 ± 10.13 Celosia 66.13 ± 11.59 Lettuce 55.20 ± 20.3 Purslane 63.85 ± 10.64 ――――――――― ―――――――――――――――― Values are percentages of radicle elongation of control test plants (%)
(Mean ± SE).

[0027]

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples.
The following examples are for illustrative purposes only, and the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 Inhibition of pine cone water extract against radish roots of sweet potato and lettuce Twenty pine cones were placed in a glass beaker, and 400 ml of purified water to such an extent that the pine cone was immersed was added. One day later, water was recovered, and 400 ml of purified water was newly added. This extraction operation was similarly performed for a total of three days.

The recovered water is concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure at 40 ° C.
534 mg of a concentrate were obtained. A part of this concentrate was weighed, and a 1000 ppm aqueous solution was prepared using purified water. 0.5 ml of each was added to a 3.3 cm diameter petri dish covered with filter paper, and 10 seeds of Celosia and lettuce were sown in each dish and grown in a dark place at 25 ° C. for 4 days. The length was measured. The experiment was performed in duplicate.

In addition, a control plant was prepared using a test plant similarly grown only with purified water to which no concentrate was added.

――――――――――――――――――――――― Test plant Radicle length ―――――――――――――――――― ――――― KATO 56.84 ± 10.83 Lettuce 23.80 ± 13.30 ――――――――――――――――――――――― The ratio (%) to the length of the radicle of the test plant is shown (mean ± SE).

Example 2 Inhibition of the acidic and basic fractions of the pine cone aqueous extract on radicle elongation of sweet potato, P. brassicae and lettuce 50 mg of the concentrate obtained in Example 1 was weighed and purified water 5 ml.
Was applied to a Sep-Pak plus QMA (Waters, 2 g) column to perform chromatography. The substance retained in the column was subjected to chromatography using 30 ml of 0.1% TFA (trifluoroacetic acid), and the eluted fraction was concentrated to dryness to obtain 5 mg of an acidic substance.

On the other hand, the eluate from Sep-Pak plus QMA was injected into a Sep-Pak plus CM (2 g, manufactured by Waters) column, and chromatography was performed using 30 ml of purified water. Next, the substance retained in the column was subjected to chromatography using 30 ml of 0.1% ammonium hydroxide, and the eluted fraction was concentrated to dryness to obtain 5 mg of a basic substance.

The concentrate of each fraction was prepared as an aqueous solution having a concentration of 1000 ppm using an appropriate amount of purified water. A filter paper was spread on a petri dish having a diameter of 3.3 cm, 0.5 ml of an aqueous solution was added to each dish, and 10 seeds of Katou, Oinoufuguri and lettuce were seeded on each dish. After growing for 4 days in a dark place at 25 ° C., the length of the radicle was measured. The experiment was performed in duplicate.

In addition, a control plant was prepared using a test plant similarly grown only in purified water to which no concentrate was added.

Inhibition of radicle elongation of test by acidic fraction ―――――――――――――――――――――― Test plant Rape length ――――――― ―――――――――――――――― KATO 8.76 ± 1.77 Oysterfish 0.00 ± 0.00 Lettuce 0.00 ± 0.00 ――――――――――― ――――――――――― The numerical values indicate the ratio (%) to the length of the radicle of the test plant in the control group (mean ± SE).

Inhibition of radicle elongation of test plant by basic fraction ――――――――――――――――――――――― Test plant radicle length ―――― ―――――――――――――――――――― KATO 44.44 ± 3.28 Oinu nofuguri 13.83 ± 11.06 Lettuce 68.03 ± 7.69 ――――――― ―――――――――――――――― The numerical values indicate the ratio (%) to the length of the radicle of the test plant in the control group (mean ± SE).

Example 3 Inhibition of pine cone acetone extract on radicle elongation of Cress, Celosia, Pseudomonas brassicae, and Periwinkle. Twenty pine cones were placed in a glass beaker, and 400 ml of acetone was added to the extent that the pine cone was soaked. One day later, acetone was recovered, and 400 ml of acetone was newly added. This extraction operation was similarly performed for a total of three days.

The recovered acetone extract was concentrated to dryness at 40 ° C. under reduced pressure to obtain 5626 mg of a concentrate. A part of this concentrate was weighed, and a 1000 ppm aqueous solution was prepared using purified water. A filter paper was spread on a petri dish having a diameter of 3.3 cm, and 0.5 ml of an aqueous solution was added to each dish, and 10 seeds of cress, celosia, giant upholstery and purslane were sowed in each dish. 25 ° C
After growing for 4 days in the dark, radicle length was measured.
The experiment was performed in duplicate.

In addition, a control plant was prepared using a test plant similarly grown only in purified water to which no concentrate was added.

―――――――――――――――――――――――― Test plant Radicle length ―――――――――――――――――― ――――― Cress 59.76 ± 9.59 Celosia 20.72 ± 3.18 Oinu-nofuguri 6.04 ± 2.13 Purslane 41.13 ± 6.25 ――――――――――――― ―――――――――― The numerical values indicate the ratio (%) to the length of the radicle of the test plant in the control group (mean ± SE).

Example 4 Inhibition of pine cone acetone extract on radicle elongation of hexane, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and chloroform fractions in sweet potatoes and Pseudocarpus gibium 1500 mg of the concentrate obtained in Example 3 was weighed and dissolved in 8 ml of acetone. Thereafter, 8 ml of hexane was added and stirred.
After standing, the hexane layer separated into two layers was recovered. In the remaining layers, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and chloroform (8 ml each) were sequentially used to collect the same as the hexane layer. Each fraction was concentrated to dryness, and each was 450 mg, 2 m
g, 500 mg and 50 mg of the concentrate were obtained.

The concentrate of each fraction was prepared as an aqueous solution having a concentration of 1000 ppm using an appropriate amount of purified water. However, since a sufficient amount of the petroleum ether fraction could not be obtained, the concentration was set to 300 ppm. A filter paper was spread on a petri dish having a diameter of 3.3 cm, 0.5 ml of an aqueous solution was added to each dish, and 10 seeds of Katou and Oudonufuguri were sowed in each dish. 4 in the dark at 25 ° C
After growing for days, radicle length was measured. The experiment was performed in duplicate.

In addition, a control plant was prepared using a test plant similarly grown only in purified water to which no concentrate was added.

Inhibition of radicle elongation of test plant by hexane fraction ――――――――――――――――――――― Test plant radicle length ――――― ―――――――――――――――――― Kaitou 7.62 ± 1.35 Oinoufufu 15.05 ± 0.00 ―――――――――――――――― ――――――― The numerical values indicate the ratio (%) to the length of the radicle of the test plant in the control group (mean ± SE).

Inhibition of radicle elongation of test plant by petroleum ether fraction ――――――――――――――――――――――― Test plant radicle length ―――― ――――――――――――――――――― KAITO 21.93 ± 3.51 Oinoufufu 43.41 ± 8.06 ――――――――――――――― ―――――――― The numerical values indicate the ratio (%) to the length of the radicle of the test plant in the control group (mean ± SE).

Inhibition of radicle elongation of test plant by ethyl acetate fraction ―――――――――――――――――――――――― Test plant Rape length ――― ――――――――――――――――――――― Kaitou 35.32 ± 3.31 Oinu-nofuguri 31.70 ± 10.57 ――――――――――――― ――――――――――― The numerical values indicate the ratio (%) to the length of the radicle of the test plant in the control group (mean ± SE).

Inhibition of radicle elongation of test plant by chloroform fraction ―――――――――――――――――――――― ―――――――――――――――――――― Kaitou 37.58 ± 3.13 Oinoufufuguri 55.21 ± 11.30 ―――――――――――――― ―――――――――― Values are the ratio (%) to the length of the radicle of the test plant in the control group
(Mean ± SE).

[Formulation Example 1] Wettable powder pine cone concentrate 20 parts Pyrophyllite 76 parts Solpol 5039 2 parts (mixture of nonionic surfactant and anionic surfactant: trade name of Toho Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 2) Carplex # 80 2 parts (Synthetic hydrated silicic acid: trade name of Shionogi & Co., Ltd.) The above is uniformly mixed and pulverized to obtain a wettable powder.

[Formulation Example 2] Emulsion pine cone concentrate 5 parts Xylene 75 parts N-methylpyrrolidone 15 parts Solpol 2680 5 parts (mixture of nonionic surfactant and anionic surfactant: Toho Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) (Product name) The above is uniformly mixed and pulverized to obtain an emulsion.

[Formulation Example 3] Flowable agent Pine cone concentrate 25 parts Agrisol S-710 10 parts (Nonionic surfactant: trade name of Kao Corporation) Lunox 100C 0.5 part (Anionic surfactant: Toho) Xanthan gum 0.1 part Water 64.4 parts After uniformly mixing and pulverizing the above, wet pulverization is performed to obtain a flowable agent.

[Formulation Example 4] Dry flowable pine cone concentrate 75 parts Hytenol NE-15 5 parts (anionic surfactant: trade name of Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) Vanirex N 10 parts (anionic surfactant) : Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.) Carplex # 80 10 parts (Synthetic hydrous silicic acid: Shionogi & Co., Ltd. Co., Ltd.) After uniformly mixing and pulverizing the above, a small amount of water was added, followed by stirring, mixing and kneading. The mixture is granulated by an extrusion granulator and dried to obtain a dry flowable agent.

[Formulation Example 5] Granules Pine cone concentrate 1 part Bentonite 55 parts Talc 44 parts After uniformly mixing and pulverizing the above, a small amount of water was added, followed by stirring, mixing and kneading, and granulation with an extrusion granulator. And dried to form granules.

[0054]

According to the present invention, it is possible to control and suppress the growth of weeds that inhibit the growth of useful plants and crops, to enhance the growth and growth of useful plants and crops, and to increase the yield per unit area. Can be increased.

When the present invention is used for the purpose of weeding in the field of agriculture, since this substance is originally a substance secreted and released from plants in a natural environment, it is used as a herbicide having a low environmental load. Is possible. It can also be used in the field of flower gardening and non-agricultural land.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A composition for agricultural and horticultural use comprising a substance secreted and released from the pine cone of a pine belonging to the genus Pinaceae. 2. The agricultural and horticultural composition according to claim 1, wherein the pine belonging to the genus Pinaceae is Japanese red pine.