JP2000209913A - Vehicle-loaded type granule-scattering apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To facilitate the scattering of granules in a greenhouse, etc. SOLUTION: A rotary valve R for shutting the air in both of a tank 1 and a discharging tube 9 for discharging a fertilizer Q stored in tank 1 is installed between the tank 1 and the discharging tube 9. The wind pressure F of the flow of the air from a blower B is allowed to act on a fertilizer Q discharged from the tank 1 by operating the rotary valve R to scatter and spread the fertilizer Q from the point part of the scattering hose 24 connected to the discharging tube 9.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a vehicle,
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vehicle-mounted powder and particle dispersing apparatus for conveying and dispersing powders such as fertilizers, pesticides, and feed for aquaculture by wind pressure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the present specification, the case of a fertilizer as a granular material will be described. Conventionally, a compost disperser 51 has been used to disperse a fertilizer, for example, compost Q ′, on the field G. FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, the compost spreader 51 is pulled by a tractor 52, and a compost Q 'is loaded in a compost box 53. At the rear end, a beater (not shown) for loosening the consolidated compost Q 'and a dispersing device 54 for dispersing the compost Q' are provided.
The compost Q ′ in the compost box 53 is beaten by the beater, scattered by the spraying device 54 and scattered on the field G.

[0003] The above-mentioned compost disperser 51 is mainly used for distributing compost Q 'to crops which are cultivated in the field G in the open field. However, as shown in FIG.
Greenhouse C, crops D such as tomatoes and cucumbers cultivated in greenhouses are often tall, and
On the ridge ends and on both sides, columns 29, side glass 31 and the like are provided. For this reason, when using the above-mentioned compost spreader 51 when topdressing the crop D cultivated in the greenhouse C etc., the crop D may be damaged. Also,
It is extremely difficult to freely move the compost spreader 51 in the narrow greenhouse C.

[0004] For this reason, workers are currently loading fertilizer on unicycles or the like and spraying the fertilizer manually. The length of the greenhouse C is about 50 m. Therefore, the worker must repeatedly move and stop the unicycle to spray the fertilizer. This work is hard work and takes a long time.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to make it possible to easily disperse powder particles even in a narrow place such as a greenhouse.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is directed to a tank mounted on a vehicle for storing powders and granules, and connected to a discharge section of the tank. A rotary valve for shutting off the air inside and outside of the tank in the portion, a blower for applying wind pressure to the powder and granules continuously discharged from the rotary valve, connected to the blower port side of the blower, A spraying hose for conveying and spraying the granular material to an arbitrary portion by the wind pressure, and spraying the powdery and granular material to an arbitrary portion, wherein the airflow from the blower does not act in the tank, and the powder is stored in the tank by the wind pressure. The powdery and granular material is pneumatically conveyed and sprayed through the spraying hose.

[0007] When spraying powders and granules indoors such as a greenhouse or a greenhouse, an operator puts a vehicle loaded with the powder and dust dispersing apparatus according to the present invention sideways in the greenhouse or the like, pulls out a spraying hose, and pulls out a spray hose. Bring to A rotary valve is connected to a discharge part of a tank constituting the powdery and granular material spraying device. The granular material is conveyed to the discharge part of the tank and discharged into the spraying hose by a rotary valve. Since an air current is supplied from a blower into the spray hose, the powder is conveyed by air in the spray hose by the wind pressure of the air flow, and is sprayed from the tip. At this time, since the inside and outside of the tank are shut off by the rotary valve, the wind pressure of the airflow from the blower does not act on the powder and granules in the tank, and most of the powder discharged by the rotary valve is discharged. Acts on granules. As a result, regardless of the storage amount of the granular material in the tank, the granular material can be smoothly discharged until the granular material in the tank runs out, and the granular material can be sprayed to the end.

[0008] When a screw conveyor is provided at the bottom of the tank, the powder and granules stored at the bottom of the tank can be conveyed to the suction port of the rotary valve. Can be.

[0009]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples. FIG. 1 is a vehicle-mounted fertilizer spraying device according to the present invention (hereinafter simply referred to as “fertilizer spraying device”).
2, FIG. 2 is a rear view, FIG. 3 is a side view of the vehicle T with a part cut away, and FIG.
5 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of the fertilizer application device A. The fertilizer Q of the present embodiment is in the form of a granular material. First, the fertilizer application device A will be described. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the fertilizer spraying device A of the present embodiment is installed so as to protrude from the rear end of the vehicle T. A tank 1 for storing fertilizer Q (see FIG. 3) is provided on an upper surface of the vehicle T, and a fertilizer input section 1a for inputting the fertilizer Q is provided at three places on the upper surface thereof. I have. The tank 1
It gradually narrows downward, and at the bottom,
A conveyor storage section 1b for storing the screw conveyor 2 is formed along the front-back direction of the vehicle T.

At the rear end of the tank 1, there is provided a discharge portion 3 projecting from the tank 1. The discharge section 3 has a cylindrical shape and communicates with the conveyor storage section 1b. An outlet 3a for discharging the fertilizer Q is provided at a lower portion of the rear end. A screw conveyor 2 is disposed in the conveyor storage section 1b and the discharge section 3 along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle T. The rear end of the conveyor shaft 2 a of the screw conveyor 2 is supported by a bearing 4 attached to the outside of the discharge section 3. The front end (on the driver's seat side of the vehicle T) is connected to a first hydraulic motor M ₁ installed in the tank 1. By operating the first hydraulic motor M _1, the screw conveyor 2 are rotated in a predetermined direction.

As shown in FIG. 4, a pressure receiving plate 6 having a mountain-shaped cross section is provided above the screw conveyor 2 along the longitudinal direction of the screw conveyor 2. When the fertilizer Q is stored in the tank 1, the pressure receiving plate 6
This is to prevent the pressure from directly acting on the screw conveyor 2. If the pressure receiving plate 6 is not provided, the entire pressure of the fertilizer Q stored in the tank 1 acts on the screw conveyor 2. for that reason,
Driving force for rotating the screw conveyor 2;
It has to be very large. And
Both ends in the width direction of the pressure receiving plate 6 and a conveyor storage portion 1b
A fertilizer passing section 7 for dropping the fertilizer Q is provided between the two. The fertilizer Q put into the tank 1 collides with the pressure receiving plate 6, falls along the inclined surface thereof, and is stored in the conveyor storage 1 b through the fertilizer passage 7.
The fertilizer Q stored in the conveyor storage section 1b is transported to the discharge section 3 by rotating the screw conveyor 2 in a predetermined direction.

A rotary valve R is provided immediately below the discharge section 3. And the discharge port 3a of the discharge part 3
And the suction port 8a at the upper end of the rotary valve R are connected in communication. A discharge pipe 9 is provided directly below the rotary valve R along the width direction of the vehicle T, and the discharge pipe 8b at the lower end of the rotary valve R communicates with the discharge pipe 9. This rotary valve R is
A rotor 12 is rotatably attached to a cylindrical casing 11. The rotor 12 includes a rotating shaft 13 supported by the casing 11, and wings 14 provided radially around the rotating shaft 13 at an equal angle in a radial direction. In the case of this embodiment,
Eight wings 14 are provided. Fertilizer Q, wing body 14
It is housed and transported between each other.

Further, on the side of the casing 11 have bracket 15 is attached, and a second hydraulic motor M ₂ is mounted on the upper surface. And a sprocket 13a mounted on the rotary shaft 13 of the rotary valve R;
A sprocket 16 a mounted on the motor shaft 16 of the second hydraulic motor M ₂ is connected by a chain 17. By actuating the second hydraulic motor M _2, the rotor 12 rotates in a predetermined direction. Screw conveyor 2
The fertilizer Q conveyed to the discharge unit 3 by the self-weight falls into each wing body 14 and is stored. This fertilizer Q is supplied to the rotor 12
Is conveyed downward by continuous rotation, and is discharged into the discharge pipe 9 by its own weight. Since the capacity of the fertilizer Q accommodated between the respective wing bodies 14 is substantially the same, the fertilizer Q is continuously discharged by the rotary valve R by a constant amount.
Further, the rotary valve R is provided between the tank 1 and the discharge pipe 9.
It has a function (described later) of shutting off air from the inside.

Next, the blower B will be described. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, at the side portion of the rotary valve R, on the side opposite to the second hydraulic motor M ₂ is the blower B is provided. The blower B of the present embodiment is constituted by a roots blower. An intake tower 18 is provided upright on the intake port side of the blower B. The intake tower 18 has a double structure, in which the outer pipe 18b is fitted around the inner pipe 18a with a gap through which the atmosphere passes. When the blower B is operated, the atmosphere is sucked. This air passes from the lower part of the intake tower 18 through the gap between the inner pipe 18a and the outer pipe 18b, and is sent to the intake side of the blower B via the inner pipe 18a. At this time, since the dust in the atmosphere falls under its own weight while the atmosphere passes through the gap, only a clean airflow is sent to the blower B. The rear end of the discharge pipe 9 is connected to the blower port side of the blower B. The discharge pipe 9 is bent at substantially two right angles at two points, and communicates with the discharge port 8b immediately below the rotary valve R.

[0015] At the top of the blower B, triangular bracket 19 is fixed and has the third hydraulic motor M ₃ is mounted on the inclined surface. A pulley 21a mounted on the motor shaft 21 of the third hydraulic motor M _3, the blower B
Between the pulley 22a attached to the input rotary shaft 22 of
A belt 23 is mounted. By changing the third position of the hydraulic motor M ₃ along the inclined surface of the bracket 19, it is possible to adjust the tension of the belt 23. By actuating the third hydraulic motor M _3, the input rotation shaft 22 of the blower B is rotated in a predetermined direction. Then, an airflow of a predetermined pressure is sent to the discharge pipe 9 by the operation of the blower B.

A spray hose 24 is connected to the front end of the discharge pipe 9. The spray hose 24 is made of a soft resin, and is loaded at a predetermined position of the vehicle T in a wound state. The air volume of the blower B is about 50 mm in inner diameter.
It is set so that even if the length is about 50 m, which is the maximum length of the greenhouse C, wind pressure reaches the tip of the spray hose 24 and the fertilizer Q can be sprayed. . In this case, the air volume of the blower B is about 2.9 m ³ / min, and the discharge amount of the fertilizer Q from the rotary valve R is about 0.12 m ³ / min.

Next, a hydraulic circuit diagram of the fertilizer application apparatus A will be described with reference to FIG. Two hydraulic pumps P ₁ and P ₂ are mounted on a hydraulic tank 25 provided in the vehicle T. These hydraulic pumps P ₁ and P ₂ are operated by power supplied from the engine E of the vehicle T. The pressure oil supplied by the hydraulic pump P ₁ on one side is divided by the flow dividing valve 26, and each of the direction control valves V ₁ , V ₃
, The first and third hydraulic motors M ₁ and M ₃ are driven. The hydraulic oil supplied by the other hydraulic pump P ₂ is supplied to the second hydraulic motor M via the directional control valve V _2.
Drive ₂

Next, the operation of the fertilizer application apparatus A according to the present invention will be described for a case where topdressing is performed in the greenhouse C. As shown in FIG. 6, a vehicle T on which a fertilizer application device A according to the present invention is loaded is laid sideways at an entrance of a greenhouse C. The operator pulls out the spray hose 24 and brings the tip of the spray hose 24 to a place where the fertilizer Q is sprayed in the greenhouse C. Subsequently, the fertilizer application device A is operated. Then, as shown in FIG.
The fertilizer Q is sprayed on the root portion of the crop D by advancing or retreating the tip portion obliquely downward while pulling the crane 4 in a state of being laid in the ridge. FIG.
, 29 and 31 denote a support and a side glass of the greenhouse C, respectively. At this time, each driving source (each hydraulic pump P ₁ ,
When the operation switch 27 for operating P ₂ and the hydraulic motors M _{1 to} M ₃ ) is provided, the worker does not have to return to the vehicle T each time, so that the working efficiency is improved. Further, since the rotation speed of each of the hydraulic motors M _{1 to} M ₃ can be adjusted, it is possible to adjust the amount of spraying.

The operation of the fertilizer application device A will be described in more detail. By operating the engine E of the vehicle T (see FIG. 5), the hydraulic pumps P ₁ and P ₂ operate. The hydraulic oil is supplied from the hydraulic pumps P ₁ and P ₂ to operate the hydraulic motors M _{1 to} M ₃ . Then, as shown in FIG. 8, the screw conveyor 2 rotates in a predetermined direction in a state where the fertilizer Q is fully charged into the tank 1, and the fertilizer Q is transported to the discharge unit 3. Since no blade is provided on the conveyor shaft 2a immediately above the discharge port 3a, the fertilizer Q is not pressed against the rear end face of the discharge unit 3. The fertilizer Q transported to the discharge unit 3 falls by its own weight, and is stored between the wings 14 of the rotor 12 via the discharge port 3a and the suction port 8a. The rotor 12
Is continuously rotated in a predetermined direction, so that the fertilizer Q accommodated between the wing bodies 14 is discharged into the discharge pipe 9 continuously by a fixed amount. The rotary valve R is larger than the amount of fertilizer Q conveyed by the screw conveyor 2.
The rotation speed of the screw conveyor 2 or the rotary valve R is adjusted so that the discharge amount of the fertilizer Q discharged is larger. By doing so, the fertilizer Q is not compressed at the discharge part 3, and the fertilizer Q falls smoothly. An airflow of a predetermined pressure is supplied to the inside of the discharge pipe 9 by a blower B.
The wind pressure F acts on the fertilizer Q discharged from the rotary valve R. The particulate fertilizer Q is air-conveyed in the discharge pipe 9 and the spray hose 24 by the wind pressure F, and is sprayed from the tip of the spray hose 24.

In the case of the present embodiment, the rotary valve R is provided between the tank 1 and the discharge pipe 9, so that both are shut off from the air. Therefore, the wind pressure F of the airflow from the blower B acts only on the fertilizer Q discharged from the rotary valve R, and does not reach the inside of the tank 1. Here, a case where the rotary valve R is not provided will be described. As shown in FIG. 9, the wind pressure F of the airflow from the blower B acts on both the fertilizer Q dropped into the discharge pipe 9 and the fertilizer Q in the tank 1. Fertilizer Q in tank 1
Is fully loaded, the fertilizer Q outlet 3a
Is filled with fertilizer Q and is almost sealed. At this time, the wind pressure F of the airflow from the blower B
Extends to the outlet 3a regardless of the amount of fertilizer Q stored in the tank 1. And the influence degree becomes so large that the storage amount of the fertilizer Q becomes small. Therefore, when the storage amount of the fertilizer Q in the tank 1 reaches a certain amount or less, the blower B
The influence of the wind pressure F of the airflow from the wind increases, and the fall of the fertilizer Q may not be possible. In such a case, the amount of application is drastically reduced.

In this embodiment, since the inside and outside of the tank 1 are shut off by the rotary valve R, the tank 1
Even when the amount of fertilizer Q in the inside decreases, the wind pressure F of the airflow from the blower B does not reach the inside of the tank 1, and most of the air acts on the fertilizer Q discharged by the rotary valve R. As a result, regardless of the storage amount of the fertilizer Q in the tank 1, it is possible to smoothly discharge the fertilizer Q until the tank 1 runs out and to spread the fertilizer Q to the end.

Next, a fertilizer application apparatus A 'of another embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 10, the fertilizer application device A ′ of this embodiment has a form in which a rotary valve R is provided immediately below the rear end of the tank 1. That is, the discharge part 2 of the fertilizer Q
8 is provided in the tank 1 in plan view. In the case of this embodiment, the length of the vehicle T in the front-rear direction can be reduced because the fertilizer application device A 'does not protrude behind the vehicle T.

In the embodiment of the present specification, the screw conveyor 2 is disposed at the bottom of the tank 1 (conveyor storage section 1b). Therefore, the fertilizer Q put into the tank 1 is conveyed to the discharge unit 3 by the screw conveyor 2. As a result, the tank 1 can be lengthened in the front-back direction of the vehicle T (the axial direction of the screw conveyor 2). That is, there is an advantage that a large-capacity tank 1 can be attached. However, a configuration in which the screw conveyor 2 is not provided may be used. In this case, the tank 1 has a hopper shape.

The powder and granule spraying apparatus according to the present invention can spray powder and granules other than fertilizers, such as pesticides and aquaculture feeds. Further, it can be used not only indoors such as greenhouses and greenhouses, but also in outdoor fields, similarly in aquaculture ponds and the like.

[0025]

According to the present invention, there is provided a powder / particle dispersing apparatus which is loaded on a vehicle and discharges the powder / particle loaded in a tank by a rotary valve, and conveys air by applying wind pressure to the powder / particle. Spraying from the spray hose. For this reason, the following effects are exhibited. (1) The pulverized material conveyed by air from the pulverized particle spraying device is sprayed from the tip of the spraying hose. For this reason, the granular material can be easily sprayed even in a narrow place where the conventional granular material spraying device cannot enter, such as in a greenhouse. In addition, since the worker only needs to bring the spray hose to the place to spray and operate the spray hose, the operation is light. (2) The inside and outside of the tank are shut off by a rotary valve. For this reason, most of the wind pressure due to the airflow from the blower acts only to convey the granular material discharged by the rotary valve to the air. For this reason, even if the amount of the granular material in the tank decreases, the wind pressure due to the airflow from the blower does not reach the inside of the tank, and the granular material can be sprayed to the end.
(3) When a screw conveyor is provided at the bottom of the tank, the powder and granules stored at the bottom of the tank can be conveyed to the suction port of the rotary valve.
Large capacity tanks can be installed. (4) In the case where an operation switch for remotely starting and stopping each drive source constituting the granular material spraying device is provided at the tip of the spraying hose, the worker can spray each member while spraying. Since starting and stopping can be performed, work efficiency is further improved. It is also possible to adjust the amount of application. (5) When the granular material is fertilizer, each farmer does not spray the fertilizer individually on his or her own field as in the related art. Instead, a vehicle loaded with the fertilizer spraying device according to the present invention is used in an agricultural cooperative. New fertilizer sales and fertilizer application forms that are owned by agricultural associations or farmers and that apply fertilizer at the request of each farmer, resulting in high efficiency when viewed as a whole agriculture. Fertilizer application method is realized.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a vehicle T on which a fertilizer application device A according to the present invention is installed.

FIG. 2 is a rear view of the same.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the vehicle T with a part cut away.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line XX of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of the fertilizer application device A.

FIG. 6 is an operation explanatory view showing a state where an operator sprays a fertilizer Q in a greenhouse C.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the same.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of the fertilizer application device A.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram when a rotary valve R is not provided.

FIG. 10 is a side view of a vehicle T on which a fertilizer application device A ′ of another embodiment is installed.

FIG. 11 is a schematic side view of a conventional compost disperser 51.

[Explanation of symbols]

A, A ': fertilizer spreader device (granular material spraying device) B: Blower F: wind pressure M ₁ ~M _3: Hydraulic motor (drive source) P _1, P _2: Hydraulic pump (drive source) Q: fertilizers ( R: Rotary valve T: Vehicle 1: Tank 1b: Conveyor storage (bottom of tank) 2: Screw conveyor 3, 28: Discharge unit 8a: Suction port 24: Spray hose 27: Operation switch

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 2B052 BB06 BC08 DB03 EB02 EB05 EC03 2B104 CF12 CF17 CF21 CF28 2B121 CB09 CB45 CB46 CB48 CC02 EA12 FA20

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A tank mounted on a vehicle for storing powders and granules, a rotary valve connected to a discharge part of the tank, and for shutting off air inside and outside the tank at a part of the discharge part; A blower for applying a wind pressure to the powder and granules continuously discharged from the rotary valve, and connected to a blow port side of the blower to convey the powder and granules to an arbitrary portion by the wind pressure. A spraying hose for spraying, and in a state where the airflow from the blower does not act in the tank,
The powder and granules stored in the tank by the wind pressure are
A vehicle-mounted type powder / particle dispersing apparatus, which pneumatically conveys and disperses via said dispersing hose. 2. The screw conveyor according to claim 1, further comprising: a screw conveyor for conveying the powder and granules stored in the tank to a suction port of a rotary valve at a bottom of the tank. The vehicle-mounted powder and granular material spraying device according to the above. 3. The vehicle-mounted powder or granule according to claim 1, wherein the discharge portion of the tank is provided at a rear end of the tank and in a plan view thereof. Spraying device. 4. An operation switch for starting and stopping each drive source constituting the powdery and granular material dispersing apparatus by remote control at a distal end portion of the spraying hose. The vehicle-mounted powder and granular material spraying device according to the above.