JP2000169273A - Production of compost and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide both a method for producing a compost by which a malodor is reduced by repeating good composting under aerobic conditions and the compost without causing deterioration of soil even by use thereof for the soil for long years can efficiently be produced at a low cost and an apparatus for producing the compost. SOLUTION: This method for producing a compost comprises regulating the moisture content in a raw material to about 60-65% suitable for fermentation, subsequently kneading the raw material, then pulverizing the kneaded material, thereby homogenizing components in the raw material, removing lumps, uniformly permeating air into the raw material, subsequently repeating a fermentation step under aerobic conditions at least three times, remixing the raw material, pulverizing the mixed material and finally fully maturing the pulverized material once more under the aerobic conditions.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing compost by using organic waste such as animal dung as a raw material and fermenting the raw material to produce a compost.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Hitherto, various techniques have been proposed for composting mainly by fermenting organic wastes such as livestock dung, sugarcane scum, pulp sludge, and the like. In general, such composting technology is being improved mainly by hardware such as a fermenter, and many pursue only rationalization of composting, for example, for the purpose of shortening the time required for composting.

[0003] Here, composting is a method of fermenting by unspecified bacteria, molds, and the like that naturally occur in organic wastes under aerobic conditions as much as possible.
In such composting, many harmful bacteria causing so-called putrefaction also occur.For example, specially prepared useful bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria are inoculated with a large amount of useful bacteria during fermentation of organic waste, and the fermentation conditions are adjusted. There is also known a method for controlling conditions suitable for growth of useful bacteria.

[0004]

However, in the above-mentioned composting technology that pursues only the rationalization of the composting, the fermentation is often insufficient to shorten the time. For this reason, there are many composts in which the bad smell of the original raw materials such as animal dung remains in the manufactured compost, or generates a bad smell due to insufficient fermentation. To deodorize such bad smells, mix soil in compost,
Attempts have been made to add ozone, but it has been difficult to sufficiently remove odors.

[0005] In addition, if compost with insufficient fermentation is used in soil for many years, there is a risk that the crop will suffer diarrhea. This is because compost with insufficient fermentation often lacks specific trace elements.If such trace elements are not supplied from the compost to the soil, the soil becomes thinner. Often deficient from inside. For this reason, if the same crop is continuously cropped, the ear phenomena that the crop gradually stops growing may be caused.

[0006] In addition, if the fermentation is insufficient, there is a problem that rot easily occurs and toxic substances such as indole and hydrogen sulfide are easily generated. Furthermore, instead of usual composting, a method of specially preparing useful bacteria as described above and inoculating a large amount of useful bacteria during fermentation of organic waste increases the cost for preparation and management of useful bacteria. However, there is a problem that it takes a lot of effort to control the environment suitable for useful bacteria and is not practical.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art. By repeating good composition under aerobic conditions, the odor can be reduced and the odor can be reduced for many years. An object of the present invention is to provide a compost manufacturing method and an apparatus capable of efficiently producing low-cost compost that does not cause soil deterioration even when used for soil.

[0008]

The gist of the present invention for achieving the above-mentioned object lies in the following items. [1] In a compost production method in which an organic waste such as animal dung is used as a raw material and the raw material is fermented to produce a compost, a rough kneading step, a kneading step, a pulverizing step, a fermentation step, and a late kneading step. At least a pulverizing step and a ripeness step are included. In the rough kneading step, first, the organic waste as a raw material is roughly kneaded into a rough kneaded state, and the water content in the raw material is reduced to 60%.
About 65%, and in the kneading step, the raw materials that have passed through the rough kneading step are sufficiently mixed to obtain a homogeneous state as a whole, and in the pulverizing step, the raw materials that have passed through the kneading step are finely divided. Pulverized into fine granules, air is introduced into the gaps between the granules, the raw material is set to aerobic conditions, and in the fermentation step, the raw material that has passed through the pulverization step is deposited in a fermenter, The raw material is fermented under aerobic conditions for a predetermined period of time, and thereafter, the upper layer and the lower layer of the deposited raw material are switched over, and the fermentation step is performed.
Repeated at least three times, in the late kneading and pulverizing step, the raw material after the fermentation step was pulverized into fine granules after mixing again, and in the ripeness step, the late kneading and pulverizing step was performed. A method for producing compost, wherein the raw material is finally fermented once again under aerobic conditions for a predetermined period.

[2] In a compost production method for producing a compost by fermenting an organic waste such as animal dung or the like as a raw material, a rough kneading step, a kneading step, a crushing step, a fermentation step, The late kneading and pulverizing step and the ripeness step are at least included, and these steps are repeatedly performed.In the rough kneading step, first, the organic waste as a raw material is roughly kneaded into a rough kneaded state. Water content in the 60-60
It is adjusted to about 5%, and in the kneading step, the raw materials that have passed through the rough kneading step are sufficiently mixed to obtain a homogeneous state as a whole. In the pulverizing step, the raw materials that have passed through the kneading step are finely divided. The material is pulverized into granules, air is introduced into gaps between the granules, the raw material is set to aerobic conditions, and in the fermentation step, the raw material after the pulverization step is deposited in a fermenter, and And the raw material is fermented under aerobic conditions for a predetermined period of time. Thereafter, the upper and lower layers of the deposited raw material are switched over, and the fermentation step is repeatedly performed at least three times. In the late kneading and pulverizing step, the raw material that has passed through the fermentation step is re-mixed and then pulverized into fine granules.In the ripeness step, the raw material that has passed through the late kneading and pulverizing step is finally aerobic once again. Under certain conditions Fermented over a period of time, a part of the compost produced through the above-mentioned maturation step is used as a seed compost, and in the rough kneading step, the organic waste as the first raw material is mixed at a predetermined ratio, and the prepared seed is mixed. A method for producing compost, wherein a mixture of compost and organic waste is used as a raw material, and the fermentation step and the rough kneading step are sequentially and repeatedly performed.

[3] In the method for producing compost according to the above [2], the mixing ratio between the charged compost and the organic waste is 1: 1.
A method for producing compost, wherein the ratio is arbitrarily set in a range of 0 to 1: 2.

[4] The method for producing compost according to [1], [2] or [3], wherein in the kneading step or the pulverizing step, an active liquid for promoting the activation of physical properties is added to the raw material. .

[5] A sieving step is provided after the ripening step, and the sieving step comprises sieving the compost produced through the ripening step into finer and uniform granules. 2], [3] or [4].

[6] In a compost production apparatus (10) for producing a compost by fermenting a raw material containing an organic waste such as animal dung, a rough kneading means, a kneading means, a crushing means, a fermenting means, It comprises at least a late-stage kneading and pulverizing means and a ripe means. The rough-kneading means roughly kneads the raw material containing the organic waste into a rough kneaded state and adjusts the water content in the raw material to 60 to 65. %, The kneading means sufficiently mixes the raw material having passed through the rough kneading means to obtain a homogeneous state as a whole, and the pulverizing means has a fine granular form of the raw material which has passed through the kneading means. The fermentation means deposits the raw material that has passed through the pulverization means, and crushes the material under aerobic conditions. In the fermentation for a predetermined period, the late kneading and crushing means The raw material that has passed through the fermentation means is pulverized into fine granular materials after being mixed again, and the ripeness means is to ferment the raw material that has passed through the late kneading and pulverizing means for a predetermined period under aerobic conditions. A compost manufacturing apparatus (10), characterized by the following.

[7] The kneading means comprises a screw feeder (20) and two mixers (40),
The screw feeder (20) is formed by rotatably supporting a spiral body over the entire length in a cylindrical housing, and each of the mixers (40) has a cylindrical housing (42); At the upper end of the housing (42), a hopper (43) for supplying the raw material is opened, and at the lower end, an outlet (42a) for discharging the processed raw material is opened, and inside the housing (42). , A shaft (44) extending in the axial direction thereof is rotatably supported, and the shaft (44)
The compost production according to [6], wherein a stirring blade member (45) spirally extending along the inner peripheral wall of the housing (42) is integrally fixed via a support member (45a). Apparatus (10).

[8] The pulverizing means comprises a pulverizer (50). The pulverizer (50) has an upper input port (52) into which the raw material is charged and a lower discharge port through which the processed raw material is discharged. A housing (51) provided with an outlet (53), and a pulverizing mechanism (55) provided in the housing (51) and laterally provided in a raw material drop passage, the pulverizing mechanism (55) comprising:
A chain (57) having a predetermined length is attached at a predetermined interval in an axial direction and a circumferential direction of a rotation shaft (56) rotatably supported in a direction traversing the drop passage, and the rotation shaft (56) is The plurality of chains (57) are connected to a rotating shaft (5) so that no gap is formed in the drop passage when the chain rotates.
[6] or [7] characterized by being arranged in 6)
The compost manufacturing apparatus according to the above (10).

[9] The compost production apparatus according to [7] or [8], wherein the latter kneading and pulverizing means comprises the screw feeder (20) and the respective mixers (40). (10).

[10] The method according to [6], [7], [8] or [9], further comprising a sieving means for sieving the compost produced through the ripening means into finer and uniform granules. The compost manufacturing apparatus according to the above (10).

[11] The sieving means comprises a sieving machine (80). The sieving machine (80) has a cylindrical main body (81) formed entirely of a mesh material for sieving, and a cylindrical main body (80). 8
1) having a hopper (81a) communicating with one end thereof, wherein the cylinder main body (81) is supported rotatably about an axis in a state inclined in one direction, A shaft (83) extending in the axial direction thereof is rotatably supported in a direction opposite to the cylinder main body (81), and the shaft (83) has an inner peripheral surface of the cylinder main body (81). Characterized in that a brush (84) extending spirally along the line is integrally fixed via a support member (84a) [6],
The compost manufacturing apparatus (10) according to [7], [8], [9] or [10].

According to the above-described method and apparatus for producing compost, the water content in the raw material is adjusted to about 60 to 65% in the step of initially roughing the raw material. It becomes. It should be noted that rough kneading is to knead the raw material roughly, and it takes less time than kneading.

Subsequently, the raw material is kneaded and then pulverized, whereby the components in the raw material are homogenized and the lumps are eliminated. At the same time, moisture is balanced and air is also averaged in the pulverized raw material. And promotes good aerobic fermentation. In addition, kneading means that raw materials are sufficiently mixed over a certain period of time to obtain a homogeneous state as a whole.

The fermentation step is repeatedly performed at least three times under aerobic conditions. Thereby, the raw material can be sufficiently fermented. Further, in the latter kneading and pulverizing step, the raw materials that have passed through the fermentation step are mixed again, pulverized into fine granular materials, and finally matured once again under aerobic conditions.

Further, in order to surely prevent the raw material from being malodorous and spoilage during fermentation, it is preferable to activate the physical properties of the raw material. Therefore, in the kneading step or the pulverizing step,
An active solution for promoting the activation of physical properties may be added to the raw material.

More specifically, for example, when an active solution containing divalent trivalent iron or the like is added to the raw material, the pH of the raw material changes to an acidic region, and an environment in which nitrite and nitrate are activated is provided. This promotes a nitrification action in which the main odor of ammonia changes to nitrous acid and then to nitric acid, so that no odor is drifting around. In the subsequent fermentation step, the propagation of aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes, butyric acid bacteria, and other bacteria that perform fermentation suitable for compost production is promoted.

[0024]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Various embodiments representing the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing each step of the compost production method, and FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an example of an arrangement of each machine constituting the compost production apparatus. As shown in FIG. 2, buildings from No. 1 to No. 5 are built on the site, and a compost manufacturing apparatus is arranged inside each building.

The compost manufacturing apparatus 10 mainly includes the mixer 4
0, screw feeder 20, mixer 40A, mixer 40
B, crusher 50, fermenters 70, 70A, 70B, 70
C, and a sieve 80 and the like. Details of each machine will be sequentially described together with the description of the compost production method according to the present invention.

In FIG. 2, in the first building, a mixer 40, a screw feeder 20, a mixer 40A, a mixer 40B, a crusher 50 and the like are installed. A fermenter 70 is installed in the second building. In the third building, the fourth building, and the fifth building, a fermentation tank 70A, a fermentation tank 70B, and a fermentation tank 70C are installed, respectively.

Between the third and fourth buildings, a screw feeder 20A, a mixer 40C, a crusher 50A and the like are provided. Further, a screw feeder 20B, a sieving machine 80, and the like are provided at one end of the fourth building.

Next, a method for producing compost according to the first embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the compost production method includes a rough kneading step (S110), an initial kneading step (S121), and a first kneading step.
The kneading step (S122) and the second kneading step (S12
3), grinding step (S130), first fermentation step (S14)
1), second fermentation step (S142), third fermentation step (S1)
43), a late kneading and pulverizing step (S150), a ripeness step (S160), and a sieving step (S170).
Hereinafter, each step will be described in detail in order.

S110 [Rough milling step] First, when organic waste (raw material) such as livestock dung, sugarcane scum, and pulp sludge is prepared, the organic waste is roughened. Water content 60-65
%.

For the rough kneading, a mixer 40 similar to the mixer 40A shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, which will be described later, may be used. The mixer 40 used for rough kneading may be installed at a predetermined position in the first building as shown in FIG.

The water content of the organic waste varies depending on the kind of the base material and the mixing ratio thereof, but is usually about 7%.
It is about 0 to 85%. Therefore, usually by rough dough,
The water in the organic waste will be evaporated until the water content of the organic waste falls to about 60 to 65%.

A preferable condition for fermentation from the viewpoint of water balance is that the raw material has a water content of 60 to 65%. If the water content is less than 60%, the fermentation does not easily proceed,
Conversely, if it exceeds 65%, lumps are easily formed in the raw material, and the inside of the lumps tends to be partially anaerobic, which is a problem.

S121 [Initial Kneading Step] Next, the raw material that has been roughly kneaded is charged into the screw feeder 20. As shown in FIG. 3, two screw feeders 20 according to the present embodiment are installed facing each other. This is to increase the supply efficiency of the raw material, and one or three or more units may be used.

The screw feeder 20 is formed by rotatably supporting a spiral body over the entire length in the cylindrical housing.
According to the screw feeder 20, the raw material supplied from the lower end opening of the housing can be conveyed to the upper end opening of the housing while being partially kneaded and pulverized by rotating the spiral body in one direction and discharged.

If, for example, a belt conveyor type feeder is used instead of the screw feeder 20, the raw materials cannot be kneaded or crushed.
The input efficiency of the raw materials is reduced.

S122 [First Kneading Step] The raw material partially kneaded and crushed by the screw feeder 20 is supplied to the first mixer 40A by the belt conveyor 31 in FIG. The first stage of kneading is performed.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a belt conveyor 31 is also provided in correspondence with the two screw feeders 20.
As shown in FIG. 4, the end of each belt conveyor 31 is arranged so as to face the mixer 40A. Since the configuration of the belt conveyor 31 is general, detailed description is omitted.

As shown in FIGS.
Comprises a gantry 41, a cylindrical housing 42 laid laterally on the gantry 41, and a hopper 43 communicating with the upper end of the housing 42 and opening upward. Inside the housing 42, a shaft 44 extending in the axial direction thereof is rotatably supported via a bearing 44a.

A stirring blade member 45 extending spirally along the inner peripheral wall of the housing 42 is integrally fixed to the shaft 44 via a support member 45a. A driven sprocket 46 is integrally fixed to one end of the shaft 44. The driven sprocket 46 is connected via a roller chain 47 to a driving sprocket 49 integrated with an output shaft of an electric motor 48.

In such a mixer 40A, the hopper 43
Supplied to the blade member 4 inside the housing 42.
By the rotation drive of No. 5, rough kneading is performed. The roughly kneaded raw material is discharged to the outside from an outlet 42a opened at the lower end of the housing 42. In addition, by adjusting the rotational force of the electric motor 48, desired rough milling of the raw material can be appropriately performed.

S123 [Second Kneading Step] The raw materials kneaded by the mixer 40A are further supplied to the next mixer 40B by the belt conveyor 32, where they are kneaded in the second stage.

Here, the mixer 40B is the same as the mixer 40A.
It is configured similarly to. As shown in FIG. 5, the start end of the belt conveyor 32 is disposed at the lower end where the outlet 42a (see FIG. 10) of the mixer 40A is located, and the end of the belt conveyor 32 is located at the hopper of the mixer 40B. 43
(See FIG. 10).

As described above, by passing the organic waste through the first and second mixers 40A and 40B, the organic waste is loosened and well mixed. Thus, conditions suitable for fermentation are established, and the water content of the raw material is set to about 60 to 65%.

In the present embodiment, the first and second mixers 4
OA and 40B are passed through two mixers, but depending on the type of organic waste, it may be sufficient to perform rough mixing with one mixer. In any case, by going through the two kneading steps, the raw materials are sufficiently mixed to be in a homogeneous state as a whole.

S130 [Pulverizing Step] Subsequently, the raw materials kneaded in the above step are supplied to the pulverizer 50 by a series of a plurality of belt conveyors 33 to 36, and the raw materials are finely pulverized by the operation of the pulverizer 50. I do. In this step, the raw material is pulverized into fine granules, and as a result, air is introduced into the gaps between the granules, and the raw material is set to aerobic conditions.

FIGS. 5 to 8 show a series of belt conveyors 33.
36 schematically shows the positional relationship between the first and second mixers 40A and 40B and the crusher 50. Mixer 4
The raw material discharged from OB is conveyed in the order of belt conveyor 33 → belt conveyor 34 → belt conveyor 35 → belt conveyor 36. In FIG.
6 is supplied to the pulverizer 50 from the terminal side.

As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, a crusher 50 comprises a box-shaped housing 51 provided with an upper inlet 52 into which raw materials are charged and a lower outlet 53 through which crushed raw materials are discharged. It is constituted by a crushing mechanism 55 provided in the housing 51 and provided horizontally in the raw material falling path R.

The pulverizing mechanism 55 is located below the drop passage R of the housing 51, and is rotatably supported in a direction crossing the drop passage R; an axial direction of the rotary shaft 56; And a chain 57 of a predetermined length attached at predetermined intervals in the direction. An electric motor 62 is attached to a stay 61 protruding from the housing 51, and a driving pulley 63 fixed to an output shaft of the motor 62.
And a driven pulley 64 fixedly connected to the shaft end of the rotating shaft 56, a V-belt 65 is stretched.

The chain 57 attached to the rotating shaft 56 constituting the crushing mechanism 55 is constituted by a link chain.
The chains 57 are attached in series in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 56 at predetermined intervals, and these serial link rows are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotary shaft 56.

When the rotating shaft 56 is rotated by the activation of the electric motor 62, the chain 57 linearly extends and rotates by centrifugal force, and the raw material is injected into the housing 51 from the upper charging port 52, and the falling path R is formed. The falling raw material comes into contact with the plurality of chains 57 rotating at a high speed and is crushed. Even if a hard material is mixed in the raw material, the impact at the time of collision with the chain 57 is reduced by the bending of the chain 57, so that the raw material can be finely and efficiently pulverized.

As described above, after the rough kneading step, the raw materials may be kneaded with the two mixers 40A and 40B and then subjected to the pulverizer 50 as a condition for controlling the aerobic conditions. As a result, the raw material is in a fine powder state, and the water can be balanced, and at the same time, the air is evenly and evenly distributed, and good aerobic fermentation can be promoted.

Here, in the aerobic fermentation, the fermentation state varies due to the components and the like in the initial raw materials, and there is a possibility that if the various conditions such as the components and the temperature are poor, rot will occur. In order to prevent malodor and decay of the raw material during fermentation, it is preferable to activate the physical properties of the raw material. Here, the term “activation” means to promote fermentation or ripening.

Therefore, in the kneading step or the pulverizing step, it is preferable to add an active liquid which promotes activation of physical properties to the raw material. In the present embodiment, when the raw material is pulverized by the pulverizer 50, an active liquid having a balanced mineral balance such as wood vinegar or ferrous or trivalent iron is sprayed on the raw material.

For example, when an active solution containing divalent or trivalent iron or the like is added to the raw material, the pH of the raw material changes to an acidic region, and an environment in which nitrite and nitrate are activated is obtained. This promotes a nitrification action in which the main odor of ammonia changes to nitrous acid and then to nitric acid, so that no odor is drifting around. In the subsequent fermentation step, the propagation of aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes, butyric acid bacteria, and other bacteria that perform fermentation suitable for compost production is promoted.

The active solution in the present embodiment is specifically formed by mixing a predetermined adjusting solution, a wood vinegar solution, and a soybean nucleic acid. Here, the adjustment liquid is defined as total iron, magnesium, zinc,
It contains all silica, all manganese, and calcium, to which copper and molybdenum are added as trace elements.

The wood vinegar liquid is a liquid obtained by carbonizing wood, and the soybean nucleic acid is a liquid obtained by boiling and fermenting soybean. The charts of FIGS. 23 to 25 show examples of the component analysis of the above-mentioned adjustment solution, wood vinegar solution, and soybean nucleic acid. More specifically, an active solution is prepared by mixing the components of the components shown in FIGS. 23 to 25, the wood vinegar solution, and the soybean nucleic acid at a ratio of 1: 1: 1. Of course, an active liquid adjusted to another component composition may be used.

The spraying of the active liquid is carried out continuously during the operation of the crusher 50, and the amount of spraying is suitably about 200 cc per 1 t of the raw material. By spraying the activator on the raw material, the odor of the raw material can be significantly suppressed, and good fermentation can be promoted.

S141 [First Fermentation Step] The pulverized raw material is transported to a plurality of fermenters 70, loaded into each fermenter 70, and fermented for a predetermined period.
Of the organic wastes that are the raw materials, it is better to load coarser fibrous materials and lower fibrous materials. An average loading height of about 2 m is appropriate.

As shown in FIG. 1, a total of six fermenters 70 are installed in the second building. A shovel loader or the like may be used to transport the raw materials from the pulverizer 50 to the respective fermenters 70. However, if equipment costs are required, a belt conveyor or the like may be further provided for automation.

As shown in FIG. 14, the fermenter 70 is formed in a hollow rectangular parallelepiped extending in the front-rear direction, and an entrance 71 for taking in and out the raw material is opened below the front end. An air supply pipe 72 connected to the blower from below the rear end of the fermenter 70 is provided so as to extend along the floor to the front end.

As shown in FIG. 26, the fermenter 70A
May have a simple configuration including a floor plate 75 extending in the front-rear direction and a front wall 76, and the raw materials may be stacked on the floor plate 75 at a uniform height.

The air supply pipe 72 is provided with an air supply port 73 extending in the axial direction. Here, the air supply pipe 72 is for supplying air to the deposited raw material, and the air supply side closer to the blower has a smaller interval between the air supply ports 73 than the tip side. Is set to Therefore, regardless of the length of the air supply pipe 72, air is emitted on average over the entire length of the air supply pipe 72.

In each of the fermenters 70, the amount of air supplied for aeration is adjusted according to the roughness and height of the loaded raw materials. Here, the raw material is adjusted so as not to be excessive or insufficient. Adjustment of the air supply amount may be controlled by a timer or an inverter provided in the blower.

The temperature of the deposited material fluctuates depending on the amount of air blown. When the moisture, ingredients, oxygen, and loading height of the raw materials are well balanced, the temperature of the raw materials exceeds 90 ° C and ripens quickly, but if the temperature is too high, it may be too dry, The amount, that is, the amount of oxygen is adjusted so that the fermentation continues at about 70 to 75 ° C.

Fermentation under such temperature conditions is optimal from the viewpoint of compost production, and a large amount of actinomycetes can be propagated to eliminate a putrefaction odor, and a compost (product) having a soil odor can be obtained. In the first fermentation step as described above, the fermentation usually ends in ten or more days, but depends on the state of aeration, resulting in a calm state.

That is, when the fermentation is started, the fermentation is performed entirely at first. However, particularly, since the air supply pipe 72 is provided on the floor surface, the fermentation starts from below the sedimentary layer, and reaches about one week above the sedimentary layer. Ferment in order. Then, an air passage is formed in the sediment, the air balance is lost, and the moisture is also unbalanced, so that the progress of the maximum fermentation becomes difficult conditionally, resulting in a so-called calm state Would.

The calm raw material is turned over by using a shovel loader or the like to exchange the upper layer and the lower layer. By performing the turning back, in the calm state, the air path formed in the sediment is broken, and the air balance and the moisture balance are adjusted so as to be entirely uniform. Thereby, the fermentation unevenness disappears, and the fermentation proceeds to the maximum again.

At this time, the former upper layer part which has been replaced downwardly becomes condensed due to a large amount of air coming into contact with the aeration, and the water content may be about 80%.
The water content of the lower part of the former lower part which is replaced upward is 30%.
In some cases, it is about. Therefore, the water content may be averaged by carefully switching over the entire raw material.

S142 [Second Fermentation Step] The raw materials cut as described above are transported to the fermentation tanks 70A in the third building, which is provided separately from the fermentation tanks 70, and are loaded into each of the fermentation tanks 70A. (Usually 10 days or more).

In the second and subsequent fermentations, if the air supply is adjusted to the same level as in the first fermentation step, the fermentation will settle out in about several days (about 5 to 6 days). Reduce the amount of air supply compared to the case of one fermentation process.

In the second fermentation step, the temperature of the raw material is 7
The temperature rises to about 0 to 75 ° C., and the fermentation is continued. even here,
When the fermentation has settled, the excavator loader or the like is used to switch over the upper and lower layers of the deposition material.

S143 [Third Fermentation Step] The raw material after the second fermentation step described above is transported to the fermentation tanks 70B in the fourth building, which has been additionally installed, and the fermentation tanks 70B
And fermented again for a predetermined period (usually 10 or more days).

Also in the third fermentation step, the fermentation of the raw material proceeds for a predetermined period (usually ten and several days). At the end of the third fermentation step, there are many cases where some lump is formed in the raw material due to the reversion in the first and second fermentation steps. Therefore, when the last fermentation step involving the reversal is completed, the raw materials may be continuously kneaded and ground as described below.

S150 [Late Kneading and Pulverizing Step] As shown in FIG. 2, the screw feeder 2 used in this step is used.
0A, the mixer 40C, the belt conveyor 37, and the pulverizer 50A are arranged between the third building and the fourth building, and are arranged in a state shown in FIG. Each machine has the same configuration as the above-described machine of the same type.

In this step, the raw materials are again charged into the screw feeder 20A, and the mixture is partially kneaded and pulverized.
To be introduced. Raw materials sufficiently kneaded by the mixer 40C are:
The raw material is supplied to the pulverizer 50A via the belt conveyor 37, and the raw material is finely pulverized again by the operation of the pulverizer 50A.

As described above, by repeating the kneading and pulverization again in the process near the end, the moisture and the size of the particles in the raw material are not uneven, and the finishing time in the final ripeness process can be further advanced. .

S160 [Ripe Process] The raw material after kneading and pulverization is supplied to fermenter 7 in building No. 5 in FIG.
It is carried to 0C, loaded in each fermenter 70C, and fermented for a predetermined period (usually 10 or more days). By such a final fermentation, a ripeness step, sufficient fermentation of the raw material is almost completed, and a so-called ripe compost (product) is almost finished.

S170 [Sieving Step] The ripe compost is conveyed to the sieving machine 80 by the belt conveyor 38 and sieved into fine and uniform granules by the sieving machine 80 to complete the product.

More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the ripe compost is first partially kneaded and crushed by a screw feeder 20B, and then supplied to a sieving machine 80 by a belt conveyor 38. Sieved with.
The sieved compost is conveyed from a belt conveyor 39 disposed immediately below the sieving machine 80, and is conveyed to a product storage by a branch conveyor 39a.

As shown in FIGS. 18 to 20, the sieving machine 80
Is a cylindrical main body 81 whose entire periphery is formed from a mesh material for sieving.
And a hopper 81a which opens to the upper side in communication with one end of the cylindrical main body 81. The cylinder main body 81 itself is
2 is supported rotatably about an axis via a roller bearing 82a. Here, the cylinder main body 81 is inclined in one direction.

As shown in FIG. 19, the roller bearing 8
A driven sprocket 85 is integrally fixed to one of the members 2a. The driven sprocket 85 is connected to a drive sprocket 87 integral with the output shaft of the electric motor 86 via a roller chain 85a.

A shaft 83 extending in the axial direction is rotatably supported inside the cylinder main body 81 so as to be rotatable in the opposite direction to the cylinder main body 81. The shaft 83 has a cylindrical body 8
A brush 84 extending helically along the inner peripheral surface of the unit 1 is integrally fixed via a support member 84a.

As shown in FIG. 19, a driven sprocket 88 is integrally fixed to one end of the shaft 83. The driven sprocket 88 includes a roller chain 88a.
Is connected to a drive sprocket 87A integral with the output shaft of the electric motor 86A.

According to such a sieving machine 80, the hopper 8
The raw material supplied to 1a is guided into the inside of the cylinder main body 81, and is sieved by the rotation driving of the cylinder main body 81. At this time, since the brush 84 integrated with the shaft 83 is driven to rotate in the opposite direction to the cylinder main body 81, the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder main body 81 is exposed by the brush 84. Thus, it is possible to prevent compost from being clogged in the mesh of the cylinder main body 81.

According to the compost production method according to the present embodiment described above, it usually takes about three months from the first rough milling step to the end of the sieving step. Moreover, the moisture content of the completed compost is about 30 to 40%.

A part of the compost (product) is transported to a place where the mixer 40 is located while being stored by the storage conveyors 90 to 92 in FIG. When the material is carried in, it may be used as a part of the raw material in the compost production method according to the second embodiment described below.

As shown in FIG. 21, the storage conveyor 90
Are arranged so as to extend on a straight line with each other. As shown in FIG. 22, each storage conveyor 90-92
Are supported on a gantry 94.

More specifically, the pedestal 94 has a flat lower cover 95 extending in the longitudinal direction, and an upper cover 96 having a U-shaped cross section mounted so as to cover the lower cover 95.
A conveyor belt 97 is stretched in a space surrounded by the upper and lower covers 95 and 96.

Each of the storage conveyors 90 to 92 extends relatively long, and a tension adjusting mechanism 98 for maintaining a constant tension of the conveyor belt 97 is provided at a position from the end. At the end of the storage conveyor 92, the belt conveyor 3 facing a certain direction of the mixer 40 is provided.
9b is provided.

Next, a method for producing compost according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, a rough kneading step, an initial kneading step, a first kneading step, a second kneading step, a crushing step, a first fermentation step, a second fermentation step, It consists of a third fermentation step, a late kneading and pulverizing step, a ripeness step, and a sieving step. These steps are repeatedly performed, and in the next rough kneading step, part of the compost produced in the previous ripeness step is removed. Used as seed compost.

That is, from the next rough kneading step except the first rough kneading step, the charged seed compost is mixed with the organic waste at a predetermined ratio, and the mixed seed compost and the organic waste are mixed. Using the mixture as a raw material, the rough kneading step to the fermentation step are sequentially and repeatedly performed. Note that the same steps as those in the first embodiment will not be described repeatedly.

The mixing ratio of the seed compost and the organic waste may be arbitrarily set in the range of 1:10 to 1: 2. The ratio of charged compost to organic waste is 10
When the amount is less than 50%, the amount of useful bacteria in the seed compost does not increase particularly. When the amount exceeds 50%, the amount of useful bacteria is necessary and sufficient. I will.

As described above, the moisture content of the seed compost prepared is 30 to
Since it is 40%, the prepared seed compost and the organic waste are mixed at a ratio of 1: 3 to 1: 4, and when this mixture is made into a rough state, the water content can be relatively easily adjusted to about 60 to 65%. Can be adjusted.

When such a mixture is used as the first raw material, the production compost is fully ripe and has no odor, and many high-quality microorganisms are propagated. Can be reduced. Experiments have shown that the odor of organic waste is reduced by about 10%.

If the above-mentioned rough kneading step and the fermentation step are sequentially and repeatedly carried out, actinomycetes and yeasts in the seed compost are particularly increased at first, but thereafter, the bacterial species according to the kind of the organic waste are increased. Even if the number increases, bacteria that are effective to mature the compost will steadily propagate.

In general, there is a theory that if the above-mentioned recycling is repeated, the basic citane capacity (EC) increases, but according to the method for producing compost according to the present embodiment, provisional compost and organic waste are temporarily prepared. Experimental results have shown that the EC concentration does not increase even if the mixture is mixed at a ratio of 1: 1 and recycling is repeated.

The method and apparatus for producing compost according to the present invention are not limited to the various embodiments described above. For example, two screw feeders in this embodiment are provided. One or three or more units may be provided according to the supply amount of the raw material.

In the present embodiment, the raw material is passed through two mixers. However, depending on the type of organic waste,
In some cases, rough mixing with one mixer is sufficient. Also,
The sieving step may be omitted.

[0099]

According to the method and the apparatus for producing compost according to the present invention, the water content in the raw material is adjusted to a condition suitable for fermentation in the first rough milling, and then the raw material is kneaded and then ground. In this way, the ingredients in the raw material are homogenized to eliminate lumps, air is spread evenly throughout the raw material, and then the fermentation is repeated at least three times under aerobic conditions, and the raw materials are mixed again and then pulverized. The ripeness is aged again under aerobic conditions, so good composition under aerobic conditions will be repeated, odors will be reduced and soil will not deteriorate even if used for many years. High quality compost can be efficiently produced at low cost.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing each step of a method for producing compost according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing an arrangement of all components of the compost production apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing an arrangement of kneading means and crushing means constituting the compost production apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a side view schematically showing an arrangement of a screw feeder and a mixer which constitute kneading means of the compost production apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a side view schematically showing an arrangement of two mixers constituting kneading means of the compost production apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a side view schematically showing an arrangement of a belt conveyor forming kneading means of the compost production apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a side view schematically showing an arrangement of a belt conveyor forming kneading means of the compost production apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a side view schematically showing an arrangement of a pulverizer and a belt conveyor which constitute kneading means of the compost production apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a mixer forming kneading means of the compost production apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a front view showing a mixer forming kneading means of the compost production apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a side view showing a mixer as kneading means of the compost production apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a side view showing a crusher constituting a crushing means of the compost production apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention (partly broken away to show the internal structure).

FIG. 13 is a front view showing a crusher as a crushing means of the compost manufacturing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention (partly broken away to show the internal structure).

FIG. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing a fermenter as a fermentation means of the compost production apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a side view schematically showing a screw feeder, a mixer, and a crusher that constitute kneading and crushing means in the latter stage of the compost production apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a plan view schematically showing a sieving machine and the like constituting sieving means of the compost production apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a front view schematically showing a sieving machine and the like constituting sieving means of the compost production apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a front view schematically showing a sieving machine which forms sieving means of the compost production apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a plan view schematically showing a sieving machine which constitutes sieving means of the compost production apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

20 is a sectional view taken along line XX-XX in FIG.

FIG. 21 is a side view showing a storage conveyor constituting the compost production apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view showing a storage conveyor that constitutes the compost production apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a chart showing the results of component analysis of a control solution constituting an active solution used in the method for producing compost according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a chart showing the results of component analysis of wood vinegar constituting the active solution used in the method for producing compost according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a table showing the results of analyzing the components of soy nucleic acid constituting the active solution used in the method for producing compost according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a side view showing a modified example of the fermenter that forms the fermentation means of the compost production apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Compost manufacturing apparatus 20 ... Screw feeder 20A ... Screw feeder 20B ... Screw feeder 31 ... Belt conveyor 32 ... Belt conveyor 38 ... Belt conveyor 39 ... Belt conveyor 39a ... Branch conveyor 39b ... Belt conveyor 40 ... Mixer 40A ... Mixer 40B ... Mixer 40C ... Mixer 41 ... Stand 42 ... Housing 42a ... Outlet 43 ... Hopper 44 ... Shaft 44a ... Bearing 45 ... Blade member 45a ... Support member 46 ... Driving sprocket 47 ... Roller chain 48 ... Electric motor 49 ... Driving sprocket 50 ... Pulverizer 50A ... Pulverizer 70 ... Fermentation tank 70A ... Fermentation tank 70B ... Fermentation tank 70C ... Fermentation tank 71 ... Entrance 72 ... Air supply pipe 73 ... Air supply port 80 ... Sieving machine 81 ... Cylinder body 81a: hopper 82: support stand 82a ... roller bearing 83 ... shaft 84 ... brush 84a ... support member 85 ... driven sprocket 85a ... roller chain 86 ... electric motor 86A ... electric motor 87 ... driving sprocket 87A ... driving sprocket 88 ... driven sprocket 88a ... roller chain 90 ... storage Conveyor 91 ... Storage conveyor 92 ... Storage conveyor 94 ... Stand 95 ... Lower cover 96 ... Upper cover 97 ... Conveyor belt 98 ... Tension adjustment mechanism

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) B09B 5/00 C05F 3/06 D 4H061 C02F 11/02 17/02 C05F 3/06 5/00 17/02 7/00 301D // C05F 5/00 B09B 3/00 ZABD 7/00 301 5/00 PF term (reference) 4D004 AA02 AC05 BA04 CA08 CA15 CA19 CB28 CB46 CC11 DA02 DA03 DA09 4D021 AA15 AB02 CA12 CB02 DB12 EA02 EB01 4D059 AA01 AA03 BA03 BA28 BA44 BF15 BF17 BJ02 BK03 BK09 BK11 CB04 CB27 CC01 DA03 DA08 DA12 DA21 DA22 DA25 DB31 EB01 EB20 4D065 AA03 BB02 EA08 EB20 EC07 ED02 ED20 ED23 ED39 ED46 4G0A3 EB46 A031403 GG42 GG49 GG52 GG67 HH42 LL24

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A method for producing a compost by fermenting an organic waste such as animal dung or the like as a raw material to produce a compost comprising: a rough kneading step, a kneading step, a crushing step, a fermentation step, and a late stage. At least a kneading and pulverizing step and a ripeness step are included. In the rough kneading step, first, organic waste as a raw material is roughly kneaded into a rough kneaded state, and the water content in the raw material is about 60 to 65%. In the kneading step, the raw material that has passed through the rough kneading step is sufficiently mixed to obtain a homogeneous state as a whole, and in the pulverizing step, the raw material that has passed through the kneading step is converted into fine granular materials. Pulverizing, introducing air into the gaps between the granular materials, setting the raw materials to aerobic conditions, in the fermentation step, depositing the raw materials after the pulverization step in a fermentation tank, and supplying air into the fermentation tank. And the raw materials are aerobic The fermentation is performed, and then, the upper layer and the lower layer of the deposited raw material are exchanged. The fermentation step is repeatedly performed at least three times. The compost production is characterized in that, after being mixed, the mixture is pulverized into fine granules, and in the maturation step, the raw material that has passed through the late kneading and pulverization step is finally fermented once again under aerobic conditions for a predetermined period. Method. 2. A method for producing a compost by fermenting an organic waste such as animal dung or the like as a raw material to produce a compost, comprising: a rough kneading step, a kneading step, a crushing step, a fermentation step, and a late stage. The kneading and pulverizing step and the ripeness step are at least performed, and these steps are repeatedly performed.In the rough kneading step, first, the organic waste as a raw material is first roughly kneaded into a rough kneaded state, Is adjusted to about 60 to 65%, and in the kneading step, the raw materials that have undergone the rough kneading step are sufficiently mixed to obtain an overall homogeneous state. In the pulverizing step, the kneading step is performed. The raw material that has passed through is pulverized into fine granular materials, air is introduced into the gaps between the granular materials, and the raw materials are set to aerobic conditions.In the fermentation step, the raw materials that have passed through the pulverizing step are deposited in a fermenter. To supply air into the fermenter and The fermentation process is repeated for at least three times under the conditions of the fermentation for a predetermined period, and then the upper layer and the lower layer of the deposited raw material are exchanged. The fermentation step is performed at least three times. The raw material that has passed through the process is mixed again and then pulverized into fine granules.In the ripeness step, the raw material that has passed through the late kneading and pulverizing step is finally fermented again under aerobic conditions for a predetermined period of time. A part of the compost produced through the ripeness step is used as a charged seed compost, and in the rough kneading step, a predetermined ratio is mixed with the organic waste as the first raw material, and the charged seed compost and the organic waste are mixed. A method for producing compost, comprising repeating a rough kneading step and a fermentation step sequentially using a mixture with waste as a raw material. 3. The method for producing compost according to claim 2, wherein the mixing ratio of the compost and the organic waste is from 1:10 to 1:10.
A method for producing compost, which is arbitrarily set in a ratio of 1: 2. 4. In the kneading step or the pulverizing step,
The method for producing compost according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein an active liquid for promoting activation of physical properties is added to the raw material. 5. A sieving step is provided after the ripening step, wherein the compost produced through the ripening step is sieved into finer and uniform granules. 5. The method for producing compost according to 3 or 4. 6. A compost production apparatus for producing a compost by fermenting a raw material containing organic waste such as animal dung, comprising: a rough kneading means; a kneading means; a crushing means; a fermenting means; And a ripe means. The rough kneading means roughly kneads the raw material containing the organic waste into a rough kneaded state and adjusts the water content in the raw material to 60 to 65%.
The kneading means is sufficiently mixed with the raw material that has passed through the rough kneading means to obtain a homogeneous state as a whole, and the pulverizing means is a fine granular material that has passed through the kneading means. Pulverized, air is introduced into the gap between the granular materials, the raw material is set to aerobic conditions, the fermentation means, the raw material passed through the pulverizing means is deposited, the material under aerobic conditions Fermented for a predetermined period, the late kneading and pulverizing means pulverize the raw material passed through the fermenting means into fine granules after re-mixing, And a fermentation apparatus for fermenting under aerobic conditions for a predetermined period. 7. The kneading means comprises: a screw feeder;
The screw feeder is configured to rotatably support a spiral body over the entire length in a cylindrical housing, and each of the mixers has a cylindrical housing. A hopper for supplying the raw material is opened at the upper end of the housing, and an outlet for discharging the processed raw material is opened at the lower end, and a shaft extending in the axial direction can be rotated inside the housing. 7. The compost production according to claim 6, wherein a stirring blade member spirally extending along the inner peripheral wall of the housing is integrally fixed to the shaft via a support member. apparatus. 8. The crushing means comprises a crusher, wherein the crusher has a housing provided with an upper input port into which a raw material is charged, a lower discharge port through which a processed raw material is discharged, and a housing inside the housing. And a crushing mechanism laterally provided in the raw material drop passage, wherein the crushing mechanism has a predetermined length in the axial direction and circumferential direction of the rotary shaft rotatably supported in the direction crossing the drop passage. 8. The chain according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of chains are mounted on the rotating shaft so that no gap is formed in the drop passage when the rotating shaft rotates. Compost production equipment. 9. The compost producing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said second-stage kneading and pulverizing means comprises said screw feeder and said mixer. 10. The compost produced through said ripeness means,
10. The compost production apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising sieving means for sieving fine and uniform granules. 11. The sieving means comprises a sieving machine, the sieving machine having a cylindrical main body formed entirely of a mesh material for sieving, and a hopper communicating with one end of the cylindrical main body. The cylinder body is rotatably supported about an axis in a state of being inclined in one direction, and a shaft extending in the axial direction inside the cylinder body is rotated in a direction opposite to the cylinder body. 10. A brush which is rotatably supported, and a brush which extends spirally along the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder body is integrally fixed to the shaft via a support member. Or the compost production apparatus according to 10.