JP2000152515A - Charging/discharging control of multistage connecting secondary battery and device therefor - Google Patents
Charging/discharging control of multistage connecting secondary battery and device thereforInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000152515A JP2000152515A JP10319532A JP31953298A JP2000152515A JP 2000152515 A JP2000152515 A JP 2000152515A JP 10319532 A JP10319532 A JP 10319532A JP 31953298 A JP31953298 A JP 31953298A JP 2000152515 A JP2000152515 A JP 2000152515A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- voltage
- monitoring
- secondary battery
- stage connected
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、多段に直列接続し
た二次電池を高効率運転可能とし、かつ各二次電池を長
寿命化した多段接続二次電池の充放電制御方法及びその
装置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for controlling the charging and discharging of a multistage connected secondary battery in which secondary batteries connected in series in multiple stages can be operated with high efficiency and each secondary battery has a long life. Things.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、携帯型機器や電気自動車などの電
源や電力貯蔵システムに係る技術分野において、二次電
池を多段に直列接続して高い電圧を得ることが行われて
いる。このように高い電圧を得る理由は、蓄電するエネ
ルギーの大容量化を図ることや、高効率な利用をしたい
ことにある。なお、ここに「二次電池」というときに
は、二次電池セル、複数の二次電池セルからなるモジュ
ール、あるいは当該モジュールを複数にて構成した群電
池のことをいう。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, in a technical field related to a power supply or a power storage system of a portable device, an electric vehicle, or the like, a high voltage is obtained by connecting secondary batteries in series in multiple stages. The reason for obtaining such a high voltage is to increase the capacity of stored energy and to use the energy efficiently. It should be noted that the term “secondary battery” here refers to a secondary battery cell, a module including a plurality of secondary battery cells, or a group battery including a plurality of such modules.
【0003】ところで、上述したように多数の二次電池
を直列接続して構成した多段接続二次電池(組電池)を
充電/放電させるときに、前記多段接続二次電池(組電
池)を構成する個々の電池を個別に制御する場合には、
回路が複雑化し、これら電池の充放電制御も煩雑とな
る。Incidentally, when charging / discharging a multi-stage connected secondary battery (assembled battery) constituted by connecting a number of secondary batteries in series as described above, the multi-stage connected secondary battery (assembled battery) is constructed. If you want to control each battery individually,
The circuit becomes complicated, and charge / discharge control of these batteries becomes complicated.
【0004】しかしながら、過充電/過放電を許容しな
いリチウム電池のような二次電池の場合には、複雑化す
るのをあえて許容して必要な制御回路を備えて個別に充
電/放電の制御を行っていた。However, in the case of a secondary battery such as a lithium battery which does not allow overcharging / overdischarging, the charging / discharging control is individually performed by providing a necessary control circuit while complicating the complexity. I was going.
【0005】一方、鉛電池やニッケル系電池のような二
次電池の場合には、前記多段接続二次電池(組電池)の
全電圧を測定し、これを基に電圧制御を行っている。On the other hand, in the case of a secondary battery such as a lead battery or a nickel-based battery, the total voltage of the multi-stage connected secondary battery (assembled battery) is measured, and the voltage is controlled based on the measured voltage.
【0006】ところで、前記多段接続二次電池(組電
池)の全電圧での端子制御を行うと、多段接続二次電池
(組電池)全体では満充電状態にあっても、前記多段接
続二次電池(組電池)を構成する個々の電池電圧は一定
の値を示さず、必ずある程度の分布を持ち、充電電気容
量も一致しない現象が表れる。その理由は、電池は、所
定容量値以上の容量を有するように製造されており、可
能な充放電電気容量には、必然的に分布を許容して製造
されているからである。By controlling the terminals of the multi-stage connected secondary battery (assembled battery) at all voltages, even if the multi-stage connected secondary battery (assembled battery) is fully charged, the multi-stage connected secondary battery (assembled battery) is not charged. The voltage of each battery constituting a battery (assembled battery) does not exhibit a constant value, has a certain degree of distribution, and a phenomenon in which the charging electric capacity does not match. The reason is that the battery is manufactured to have a capacity equal to or larger than a predetermined capacity value, and the battery is manufactured so as to inevitably allow a distribution of possible charge and discharge electric capacities.
【0007】また、電池内部のインピーダンスも製造段
階、また、電池の温度環境により当然ながら均一にな
い。すなわち、多段に直列接続した電池間には、充電放
電電気容量や内部インピーダンスにばらつきがある.こ
のため、多段に直列接続した多段接続二次電池(組電
池)全体の両端子電圧のみの測定で充電/放電の運転を
制御すると、充電/放電の末期に過充電・過放電状態に
至る電池が生じることになっていた。Also, the impedance inside the battery is naturally not uniform due to the manufacturing stage and the temperature environment of the battery. That is, there is a variation in charge / discharge electric capacity and internal impedance between batteries connected in series in multiple stages. For this reason, if the operation of charge / discharge is controlled by measuring only the voltage at both terminals of the entire multi-stage rechargeable battery (assembled battery) connected in series in the multi-stage, the battery that reaches an overcharge / overdischarge state at the end of charge / discharge Was to occur.
【0008】[0008]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】このような従来の多段
接続二次電池の充放電制御方法にあっては、次のような
課題があった。The conventional charge / discharge control method for a multi-stage connected secondary battery has the following problems.
【0009】(1)リチウム電池のような二次電池の場
合には、複雑化するのをあえて許容して必要な制御回路
を備えて個別に充電/放電制御する必要があることか
ら、回路が複雑化しかつ制御が高度化して充電/放電の
運転制御に多大な費用がかかる。(1) In the case of a secondary battery such as a lithium battery, it is necessary to provide a necessary control circuit and to individually perform charge / discharge control while permitting the circuit to be complicated. Complicated and sophisticated control requires a great deal of cost for charge / discharge operation control.
【0010】(2)鉛電池やニッケル系電池のような二
次電池の場合には、回路は簡単化されるものの、多段接
続二次電池(組電池)を構成する個々の電池の内で過放
電/過充電してしまう電池が生じてしまって効率的な運
転ができず、しかも寿命が短くなってしまう。(2) In the case of a secondary battery such as a lead battery or a nickel-based battery, although the circuit is simplified, an excess of the individual batteries constituting the multi-stage connected secondary battery (assembled battery) is required. Efficient operation is not possible due to the occurrence of batteries that are discharged / overcharged, and the life is shortened.
【0011】(3)さらに、多段接続二次電池(組電
池)を構成する個々の電池の内で充電放電電気容量の少
ない電池ほど、過充電/過放電に至りやすくなる。特
に、接続段数が増加すればするほど、一層電池全体での
微妙な電圧制御が困難になり、過放電/過充電に至る電
池が発生しやすくなる。(3) Further, among the individual batteries constituting the multi-stage connected secondary battery (assembled battery), a battery having a smaller charge / discharge electric capacity is more likely to be overcharged / overdischarged. In particular, as the number of connection stages increases, finer voltage control of the entire battery becomes more difficult, and a battery that leads to overdischarge / overcharge is more likely to be generated.
【0012】(4)加えて、浅い放電深度で運転する方
法があるが、これでは電池の性能を十分に利用できな
い。(4) In addition, there is a method of operating at a shallow depth of discharge, but this does not allow the performance of the battery to be fully utilized.
【0013】そこで、本発明の目的は、多段接続二次電
池(組電池)を充填時に制御するとき、電池の劣化促進
を防ぎ高い充電放電効率で、長い寿命での運転を可能と
した多段接続二次電池の充放電制御方法及びその装置を
提供することにある。Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage connection which controls operation of a multi-stage rechargeable battery (assembled battery) at the time of charging, prevents acceleration of the battery deterioration, and has a high charge / discharge efficiency and a long life. It is an object of the present invention to provide a charge and discharge control method and a device for a secondary battery.
【0014】[0014]
【課題を解決するための手段】かかる目的を達成するた
めに、請求項1記載の発明の多段接続二次電池の充放電
制御方法は、二次電池セルあるいは複数の二次電池セル
からなるモジュールあるいは当該モジュールを複数にて
構成した群電池を含む二次電池が多段に直列接続されて
なる多段接続二次電池を充放電制御する方法において、
多段接続二次電池の内で放電時に放電終止電圧に達した
電池を監視電池と決定する第1の工程と、前記第1の工
程にて一旦監視電池が決定された後には、当該監視電池
の電圧値または多段接続二次電池の全体電圧が充電制御
電圧以下に達したときに充電制御するとともに、当該監
視電池の電圧値が充電規制電圧以上に達したときに充電
制御を停止する第2の工程とを備えるようにしている。In order to achieve the above object, a method of controlling charging and discharging of a multi-stage connected secondary battery according to the first aspect of the present invention is directed to a module comprising a secondary battery cell or a plurality of secondary battery cells. Alternatively, in a method of controlling the charge and discharge of a multi-stage connected secondary battery in which a plurality of secondary batteries including a group battery including the module are connected in series in multiple stages,
A first step of determining a battery that has reached a discharge end voltage at the time of discharging among the multi-stage connected secondary batteries as a monitoring battery, and after the monitoring battery is once determined in the first step, the monitoring battery A second charge control unit that performs charge control when the voltage value or the overall voltage of the multi-stage connected secondary battery has reached the charge control voltage or less, and stops the charge control when the voltage value of the monitoring battery has reached the charge regulation voltage or more. Process.
【0015】したがって、放電時に最も早く放電電圧規
制に至った電池が最も放電容量が少ないことに着目し、
この電池の電圧変化に従って、多段接続二次電池(組電
池)の充電を行う。電池を特定することにより、温度補
正も可能になり、劣化電池を的確に抑制できる。これに
より、電池の充電放電電気容量を十分に確保しながら、
不要な過充電をせずに高い効率で、長いサイクル寿命ま
での充電放電運転制御が可能となる。Therefore, attention is paid to the fact that the battery which has reached the discharge voltage regulation earliest at the time of discharging has the smallest discharge capacity,
According to the voltage change of the battery, the multi-stage connected secondary battery (assembled battery) is charged. By specifying the battery, the temperature can be corrected, and the deteriorated battery can be accurately suppressed. As a result, while ensuring sufficient charge and discharge electric capacity of the battery,
The charge / discharge operation control over a long cycle life can be performed with high efficiency without unnecessary overcharge.
【0016】また、請求項2記載の発明は、請求項1記
載の多段接続二次電池の充放電制御方法における第1の
工程を、多段接続した二次電池の各々の電圧値を測定
し、当該測定した個々の電圧値が単位電池の放電規制電
圧以下のときに当該電圧値を示した電池を監視電池と決
定するようにしている。この場合、各電池の電圧から充
電放電電気容量の一番小さい電池を監視電池として決定
することができる。According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the charging / discharging control method for a multi-tiered secondary battery according to the first aspect, the first step comprises measuring each voltage value of the multi-tiered secondary battery. When the measured individual voltage value is equal to or less than the discharge regulation voltage of the unit battery, the battery indicating the voltage value is determined as the monitoring battery. In this case, the battery with the smallest charge / discharge electric capacity can be determined as the monitoring battery from the voltage of each battery.
【0017】また、請求項3記載の発明は、請求項1記
載の多段接続二次電池の充放電制御方法における第1の
工程を、多段接続した二次電池の各々の電圧値を測定し
て各測定電圧で最低電圧を示す電池を決定しておき、か
つ多段接続二次電池の全体電圧を測定し、その全体電圧
が単位電池の放電規制電圧値に段数を掛けて得た電圧以
下のときに、前記最低電圧を示した電池を監視電池と決
定するようにしている。この場合、各電池の中で最低電
圧を示す電池をもって監視電池と決定することができ
る。According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the charging / discharging control method for a multi-tiered secondary battery according to the first aspect, the first step is performed by measuring a voltage value of each of the multi-tiered secondary batteries. When the battery that shows the lowest voltage at each measurement voltage is determined, and the total voltage of the multi-stage connected secondary battery is measured, and the total voltage is equal to or less than the voltage obtained by multiplying the discharge regulation voltage value of the unit battery by the number of stages. Then, the battery showing the lowest voltage is determined as a monitoring battery. In this case, the battery showing the lowest voltage among the batteries can be determined as the monitoring battery.
【0018】また、請求項4記載の発明は、請求項1記
載の多段接続二次電池の充放電制御方法における第1の
工程を、多段接続した二次電池の各々の電圧値を測定し
て各測定電圧で最低電圧を示す電池を決定しておき、か
つ電圧以外の要因で放電が終了したことを検出したとき
に、最低電圧を示す電池を監視電池と決定するようにし
ている。この場合、各電池の中で最低電圧を示す電池が
何らかの原因で放電したときに、これを監視電池と決定
することができる。According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the charging / discharging control method for a multi-stage connected secondary battery according to the first aspect, the first step comprises measuring each voltage value of the multi-stage connected secondary battery. A battery indicating the lowest voltage is determined for each measured voltage, and when it is detected that the discharge has ended due to a factor other than the voltage, the battery indicating the lowest voltage is determined as the monitoring battery. In this case, when the battery showing the lowest voltage among the batteries is discharged for some reason, this can be determined as the monitoring battery.
【0019】また、請求項5記載の発明は、二次電池セ
ルあるいは複数の二次電池セルからなるモジュールある
いは当該モジュールを複数にて構成した群電池を含む二
次電池が多段に直列接続されてなる多段接続二次電池を
充放電制御する装置において、前記多段接続二次電池の
個々の電圧を測定するとともに全体電圧を測定できる電
圧測定手段と、前記多段接続二次電池を充電する充電手
段と、前記電圧測定手段から得た電圧を取り込み、多段
接続二次電池の内で放電時に放電終止電圧に達した電池
を監視電池と決定するとともに、一旦監視電池が決定さ
れた後には、当該監視電池の電圧値または多段接続二次
電池の全体電圧を取り込み当該電圧値が充電制御電圧以
下に達したときに前記充電手段を充電動作させるととも
に、当該監視電池の電圧値が充電規制電圧以上に達した
ときに前記充電手段に対して充電制御を停止させる監視
制御手段とを備えるようにしている。According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a secondary battery including a secondary battery cell or a module including a plurality of secondary battery cells or a group battery including a plurality of such modules is connected in series in multiple stages. In a device for controlling the charging and discharging of the multi-stage connected secondary battery, a voltage measuring unit that can measure the individual voltage of the multi-stage connected secondary battery and can measure the entire voltage, and a charging unit that charges the multi-stage connected secondary battery. Taking in the voltage obtained from the voltage measuring means, and determining, from among the multi-stage connected secondary batteries, a battery that has reached the discharge end voltage at the time of discharging as a monitoring battery, and once the monitoring battery is determined, the monitoring battery When the voltage value or the whole voltage of the multi-stage connected secondary battery is taken in and the voltage value reaches a charge control voltage or lower, the charging means is charged and the monitoring battery is charged. So that and a monitoring control means for stopping the charging control to the charging means when the voltage value reaches or exceeds the charging regulation voltage.
【0020】この発明によれば、放電時に最も早く放電
電圧規制に至った電池が最も放電容量が少ないことに着
目し、この電池の電圧変化を取込み可能とし、これらの
電圧を監視制御手段で監視し、監視電池を決定してか
ら、当該監視電池の電圧を基に充電器を駆動制御して多
段接続二次電池(組電池)の充電を行う。電池が特定さ
れるので、温度補正を行うことが可能となり、かつ劣化
が一番早い電池を的確に制御できる。これにより、電池
の充電放電電気容量を十分に確保しながら、不要な過充
電をせずに高い効率で、長いサイクル寿命までの充電放
電運転制御が可能となる。According to the present invention, attention is paid to the fact that the battery which has reached the discharge voltage regulation earliest at the time of discharging has the smallest discharge capacity, the voltage change of this battery can be captured, and these voltages are monitored by the monitoring control means. Then, after determining the monitoring battery, the charger is driven and controlled based on the voltage of the monitoring battery to charge the multi-stage connected secondary battery (assembled battery). Since the battery is specified, temperature correction can be performed, and the battery with the fastest deterioration can be accurately controlled. As a result, the charge / discharge operation control up to a long cycle life can be performed with high efficiency without causing unnecessary overcharge while ensuring sufficient charge / discharge electric capacity of the battery.
【0021】また、請求項6記載の発明は、請求項5の
多段接続二次電池の充放電制御装置において、電圧測定
手段を、多段接続二次電池の個々の電圧及び全体電圧を
取り込み、これらの内から少なくとも一つを出力できる
マルチプレクサと、前記マルチプレクサから出力された
電圧値をデジタルデータにするアナログデジタル変換手
段とからなるようにしている。この場合、複数の入力電
圧を一つにしてアナログデジタル変換手段に与えてデジ
タルデータにし、これを監視制御手段に入力することが
できる。According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the charge / discharge control apparatus for a multi-stage connected secondary battery according to the fifth aspect, the voltage measuring means captures the individual voltage and the entire voltage of the multi-stage connected secondary battery, And a digital-to-analog converting means for converting the voltage value output from the multiplexer into digital data. In this case, a plurality of input voltages can be combined into one and supplied to the analog-to-digital conversion means to be converted into digital data, which can be input to the monitoring control means.
【0022】請求項7記載の発明では、請求項5におい
て、前記電圧測定手段は、前記多段接続二次電池の個々
の電圧及び全体電圧をそれぞれデジタルデータにするア
ナログデジタル変換手段と、これらアナログデジタル変
換手段からのデジタルデータを所定の数のデータとして
出力できるデジタルマルチプレクサとからなることを特
徴とする。複数の電池電圧をデジタルデータにし、これ
を一つあるいは複数にして監視制御手段に入力すること
ができる。According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the fifth aspect, the voltage measuring means includes an analog-to-digital conversion means for converting each voltage and the entire voltage of the multi-stage connected secondary battery into digital data, respectively, A digital multiplexer capable of outputting digital data from the conversion means as a predetermined number of data. A plurality of battery voltages can be converted into digital data, which can be converted into one or more and input to the monitoring control means.
【0023】請求項8記載の発明では、請求項5の多段
接続二次電池の充放電制御装置において、監視制御手段
が、多段接続二次電池の内で放電時に放電終止電圧に達
した電池を監視電池と決定する監視電池決定手段と、前
記監視電池決定手段にて一旦監視電池が決定された後に
は、当該監視電池の電圧値または多段接続二次電池の全
体電圧が充電制御電圧以下に達したときに充電制御する
とともに、当該監視電池の電圧値が充電規制電圧以上に
達したときに充電制御を停止する充電監視制御手段とを
備えるようにしている。この場合、監視制御手段は、監
視電池を決定した後には、この監視電池を基に充電手段
を運転制御し、これによって充電を制御することができ
る。According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the charging / discharging control device for a multi-stage connected secondary battery according to the fifth aspect, the monitoring control means determines whether or not the multi-stage connected secondary battery has reached the discharge end voltage during discharging. A monitoring battery determining means for determining a monitoring battery, and after the monitoring battery is once determined by the monitoring battery determining means, the voltage value of the monitoring battery or the entire voltage of the multi-stage connected secondary battery reaches the charge control voltage or less. Charging control when the voltage value of the monitoring battery has reached or exceeded the charging regulation voltage. In this case, after determining the monitoring battery, the monitoring control means can control the operation of the charging means based on the monitoring battery, thereby controlling the charging.
【0024】また、請求項9記載の発明は、請求項8記
載の多段接続二次電池の充放電制御装置において、監視
電池決定手段を、多段接続した二次電池の各々の電圧値
を測定し、当該測定した個々の電圧値が単位電池の放電
規制電圧以下のときに当該電圧値を示した電池を監視電
池と決定する処理手段からなるようにしている。この場
合、各電池の電圧から充電放電電気容量の一番小さい電
池を監視電池として決定することができる。According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the charge / discharge control device for a multi-stage connected secondary battery according to the eighth aspect, the monitoring battery determination means measures each voltage value of the multi-stage connected secondary battery. When the measured individual voltage value is equal to or lower than the discharge regulation voltage of the unit battery, the processing unit determines the battery indicating the voltage value as the monitoring battery. In this case, the battery with the smallest charge / discharge electric capacity can be determined as the monitoring battery from the voltage of each battery.
【0025】また、請求項10記載の発明は、請求項8
の多段接続二次電池の充放電制御装置において、監視電
池決定手段を、多段接続した二次電池の各々の電圧値を
測定して各測定電圧で最低電圧を示す電池を決定する最
低電圧電池決定処理手段と、多段接続二次電池の全体電
圧を測定し、その全体電圧が単位電池の放電規制電圧値
に段数を掛けて得た電圧以下のときに、前記最低電圧を
示した電池を監視電池と決定する比較決定手段とからな
るようにしている。この場合、各電池の中で最低電圧を
示す電池をもって監視電池と決定することができる。The invention according to claim 10 is the same as the invention according to claim 8.
In the charging / discharging control device for a multi-stage connected secondary battery, the monitoring battery determining means measures a voltage value of each of the multi-stage connected secondary batteries and determines a battery having the lowest voltage at each measured voltage. Processing means, measuring the overall voltage of the multi-stage connected secondary battery, and when the overall voltage is equal to or less than the voltage obtained by multiplying the discharge regulation voltage value of the unit battery by the number of stages, the battery showing the lowest voltage is monitored by the monitoring battery. And a comparing and determining means. In this case, the battery showing the lowest voltage among the batteries can be determined as the monitoring battery.
【0026】また、請求項11記載の発明は、請求項8
の多段接続二次電池の充放電制御装置において、監視電
池決定手段が、多段接続した二次電池の各々の電圧値を
測定して各測定電圧で最低電圧を示す電池を決定する最
低電圧電池決定処理手段と、電圧以外の要因で放電が終
了したことを検出したときに、最低電圧を示す電池を監
視電池と決定する判断手段とからなるようにしている。
この場合、各電池の中で最低電圧を示す電池をもって監
視電池と決定することができる。各電池の中で最低電圧
を示す電池が何らかの原因で放電したときに、これを監
視電池と決定することができる。The invention according to claim 11 is the invention according to claim 8
In the charging / discharging control device for a multi-stage connected secondary battery, the monitoring battery determination means measures the voltage value of each of the multi-stage connected secondary batteries and determines the battery having the lowest voltage at each measured voltage. The processing means and the judging means for determining the battery having the lowest voltage as the monitoring battery when detecting that the discharge has ended due to factors other than the voltage.
In this case, the battery showing the lowest voltage among the batteries can be determined as the monitoring battery. When a battery showing the lowest voltage among the batteries is discharged for some reason, this can be determined as a monitoring battery.
【0027】[0027]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の構成を図面に示す
一実施の形態に基づいて詳細に説明する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The structure of the present invention will be described below in detail based on one embodiment shown in the drawings.
【0028】図1から図5に本発明の一実施の形態であ
る多段接続二次電池の充放電制御装置を示す。FIGS. 1 to 5 show a charge / discharge control device for a multi-stage connected secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【0029】この多段接続二次電池の充放電制御装置1
は、図1に示すように、多段接続二次電池2を充放電制
御することができるものであり、大別すると、電圧測定
回路3と、充電装置4と、監視制御装置5とを備えてい
る。This multi-stage connected secondary battery charge / discharge control device 1
1 can control charging and discharging of the multi-stage connected secondary battery 2 as shown in FIG. 1, and is roughly divided into a voltage measuring circuit 3, a charging device 4, and a monitoring control device 5. I have.
【0030】ここに、多段接続二次電池2は、二次電池
セル21,22,23,…,2n−3,2n−2 ,2n
−1,2nを多段に直列接続して構成したものである。
なお、多段接続二次電池2は、上記二次電池セル21,
22,23,…,2n−3,2n−2 ,2n−1,2n
に代えて、図示しないが複数の二次電池セルからなるモ
ジュールあるいは当該モジュールを複数にて構成した群
電池から構成してもよい。この多段接続二次電池2の各
二次電池セル21,22,23,…,2n−3,2n−
2 ,2n−1,2nの各端子は電圧測定回路3に接続さ
れている。Here, the multi-stage connected secondary battery 2 comprises secondary battery cells 21, 22, 23,..., 2n-3, 2n-2, 2n.
-1 and 2n are connected in series in multiple stages.
In addition, the multi-stage connection secondary battery 2 includes the above-described secondary battery cell 21,
22, 23, ..., 2n-3, 2n-2, 2n-1, 1n
Alternatively, although not shown, a module including a plurality of secondary battery cells or a group battery including a plurality of the modules may be used. Each of the secondary battery cells 21, 22, 23,..., 2n-3, 2n-
2, 2n-1 and 2n are connected to the voltage measuring circuit 3.
【0031】また、電圧測定回路3は、多段接続二次電
池2の個々の電圧V1,V2,V3,…,Vn−3,V
n−2 ,Vn−1,Vnを測定するとともに全体電圧V
oを測定することができる。この測定した電圧は、デジ
タルデータになって監視制御装置5に供給されるように
なっている。The voltage measuring circuit 3 calculates the individual voltages V1, V2, V3,..., Vn-3, V
n-2, Vn-1, and Vn are measured and the total voltage V
o can be measured. The measured voltage is supplied as digital data to the monitoring and control device 5.
【0032】充電装置4の端子は多段接続二次電池2の
両端に接続されており、監視制御装置5の制御信号の基
に前記多段接続二次電池2を充電することができる。ま
た、充電装置4には負荷6が接続されており、充電しな
いときには多段接続二次電池2から負荷6に電力が供給
できるようになっている。The terminals of the charging device 4 are connected to both ends of the multi-stage connected secondary battery 2, and the multi-stage connected secondary battery 2 can be charged based on a control signal of the monitoring control device 5. A load 6 is connected to the charging device 4 so that power can be supplied from the multi-stage rechargeable battery 2 to the load 6 when charging is not performed.
【0033】監視制御装置5は、電圧測定回路3から得
た電圧V1,V2,V3,…,Vn−3,Vn−2 ,V
n−1,Vn及び電圧VoをデジタルデータSvとして
取り込み、多段接続二次電池2の内で放電時に放電終止
電圧に達した電池を監視電池2i(iは任意の電池を示
し、図面上には表示しない)と決定するとともに、一旦
監視電池2iが決定された後には、当該監視電池2iの
電圧値Viまたは多段接続2次電池の全体電圧Voを取
り込み当該電圧値が充電制御電圧Vs以下に達したとき
に充電装置4を充電動作させるとともに、当該監視電池
2iの電圧値Viが充電規制電圧Vd以上に達したとき
に充電装置4に対して充電制御を停止させる。この監視
制御装置5のデジタル入力端子には電圧測定回路3が接
続されるとともに、監視制御装置5のデジタル出力端子
には充電装置4が接続されている。The monitoring and control device 5 includes the voltages V1, V2, V3,..., Vn-3, Vn-2, V obtained from the voltage measuring circuit 3.
n-1 and Vn and the voltage Vo are taken as digital data Sv, and the battery which has reached the discharge end voltage at the time of discharging among the multi-stage connected secondary batteries 2 is monitored by the monitoring battery 2i (i indicates an arbitrary battery, and (Not displayed), and once the monitoring battery 2i is determined, the voltage value Vi of the monitoring battery 2i or the entire voltage Vo of the multi-stage connected secondary battery is taken in, and the voltage value reaches the charging control voltage Vs or lower. When charging is performed, the charging device 4 is caused to perform a charging operation, and when the voltage value Vi of the monitoring battery 2i reaches or exceeds the charging regulation voltage Vd, the charging control of the charging device 4 is stopped. The voltage measuring circuit 3 is connected to a digital input terminal of the monitoring control device 5, and a charging device 4 is connected to a digital output terminal of the monitoring control device 5.
【0034】図2に、電圧測定回路の構成例を示す。こ
の図2において、電圧測定回路3は、多段接続二次電池
2の個々の二次電池セル21,22,23,…,2n−
3,2n−2 ,2n−1,2nの電圧V1,V2,V
3,…,Vn−3,Vn−2 ,Vn−1,Vn及び多段
接続二次電池2の全体電圧Voを取り込み、これらの内
から少なくとも一つ選択して電圧Vjとして出力できる
マルチプレクサ31と、このマルチプレクサ31から出
力された電圧値VjをデジタルデータSvにするアナロ
グデジタル変換手段32とからなる。マルチプレクサ3
1は、2列の固定子に対して二つの可動子がそれぞれ接
続されるものであり、電子的に構成されていて、監視制
御装置5からの指令により可動子を移動させることがで
きる。なお、一旦、監視電池が決定した場合には、監視
制御装置5からの指令により、前記マルチプレクサ31
の可動子を、監視電池が接続された固定子と、多段接続
二次電池2の全体電圧の入力された固定子にのみ接続さ
れるようになっている。このアナログデジタル変換手段
32からのデジタルデータSvは、監視制御装置5に入
力されている。FIG. 2 shows a configuration example of the voltage measurement circuit. In FIG. 2, the voltage measuring circuit 3 includes the individual secondary battery cells 21, 22, 23,.
3,2n-2,2n-1,2n voltages V1, V2, V
3,..., Vn−3, Vn−2, Vn−1, Vn and the overall voltage Vo of the multi-stage rechargeable battery 2, and a multiplexer 31 which can select at least one of them and output it as a voltage Vj, An analog-to-digital converter 32 converts the voltage value Vj output from the multiplexer 31 to digital data Sv. Multiplexer 3
Numeral 1 denotes two movable elements connected to two rows of stators, respectively, which are electronically configured and can move the movable element according to a command from the monitoring and control device 5. It should be noted that once the monitoring battery is determined, the multiplexer 31 is controlled by a command from the monitoring control device 5.
Are connected only to the stator to which the monitoring battery is connected and to the stator to which the entire voltage of the multi-stage connected secondary battery 2 is input. The digital data Sv from the analog-to-digital converter 32 is input to the monitoring control device 5.
【0035】図3に、監視制御装置の構成例を示す。こ
の図3において、監視制御装置5は、監視電池決定手段
51と、充電監視制御手段52とから構成されている。
ここに、監視電池決定手段51は、多段接続二次電池2
の内で放電時に放電終止電圧Vnに達した電池を監視電
池2iと決定するように構成されている。また、監視制
御装置5は、監視電池決定手段51にて一旦監視電池2
iが決定された後には、当該監視電池2iの電圧値Vi
または多段接続二次電池2の全体電圧Voが放電規制電
圧Vd以下に達したときに充電制御するとともに、当該
監視電池2iの電圧値が充電規制電圧Vc以上に達した
ときに充電制御を停止するように構成されている。FIG. 3 shows an example of the configuration of the monitoring control device. In FIG. 3, the monitoring and control device 5 includes a monitoring battery determination unit 51 and a charge monitoring and control unit 52.
Here, the monitoring battery determination means 51 is the multi-stage connected secondary battery 2
The battery that has reached the discharge end voltage Vn at the time of discharging is determined as the monitoring battery 2i. Further, the monitoring control device 5 temporarily controls the monitoring battery 2 by the monitoring battery determination unit 51.
After i is determined, the voltage value Vi of the monitoring battery 2i is determined.
Alternatively, the charging control is performed when the overall voltage Vo of the multi-stage connected secondary battery 2 has reached the discharge regulation voltage Vd or less, and the charge control is stopped when the voltage value of the monitoring battery 2i has reached the charge regulation voltage Vc or more. It is configured as follows.
【0036】ここで、監視電池決定手段51は、まず、
多段接続した二次電池セル21,22,23,…,2n
−3,2n−2 ,2n−1,2nの各々の電圧V1,V
2,V3,…,Vn−3,Vn−2 ,Vn−1,Vnを
測定し、当該測定した個々の電圧V1,V2,V3,
…,Vn−3,Vn−2 ,Vn−1,Vnが単位電池2
iの放電規制電圧Vd以下のときに当該電圧値を示した
電池を監視電池2iと決定する処理手段から構成してい
る。Here, the monitoring battery determination means 51 first
Multi-stage connected secondary battery cells 21, 22, 23, ..., 2n
−3, 2n−2, 2n−1, 2n
, Vn-3, Vn-2, Vn-1, and Vn are measured, and the measured individual voltages V1, V2, V3,
, Vn-3, Vn-2, Vn-1, and Vn are unit batteries 2.
It is constituted by processing means for determining the battery showing the voltage value when the voltage is equal to or lower than the discharge regulation voltage Vd of i as the monitoring battery 2i.
【0037】つぎに、監視電池決定手段51は、図示し
ないが、多段接続した二次電池セル21,22,23,
…,2n−3,2n−2 ,2n−1,2nの各々の電圧
V1,V2,V3,…,Vn−3,Vn−2 ,Vn−
1,Vnを測定して各測定電圧V1,V2,V3,…,
Vn−3,Vn−2 ,Vn−1,Vnで最低電圧を示す
電池を決定する最低電圧電池決定処理手段と、多段接続
二次電池2の全体電圧Voを測定し、その全体電圧Vo
が単位二次電池セル21,22,23,…,2n−3,
2n−2 ,2n−1,2nの放電規制電圧値Vdに段数
nを掛けて得た電圧(Vd×n)以下のときに、前記最
低電圧Vmin を示した電池を監視電池2iと決定する比
較決定手段とから構成している。Next, although not shown, the monitoring battery determining means 51 includes a plurality of connected secondary battery cells 21, 22, 23,
, 2n-3, 2n-2, 2n-1, and 2n, V1, V2, V3, ..., Vn-3, Vn-2, Vn-
, Vn, and each measurement voltage V1, V2, V3,.
Vn-3, Vn-2, Vn-1, Vn, the lowest voltage battery determination processing means for determining the battery having the lowest voltage, and the total voltage Vo of the multi-stage connected secondary battery 2 are measured, and the total voltage Vo is measured.
Are unit secondary battery cells 21, 22, 23, ..., 2n-3,
When the battery voltage is equal to or lower than the voltage (Vd × n) obtained by multiplying the discharge regulation voltage value Vd of 2n−2, 2n−1, 2n by the number of stages n, the battery indicating the minimum voltage Vmin is determined as the monitor battery 2i. And determination means.
【0038】さらに、監視電池決定手段51は、図示し
ないが、多段接続した二次電池セル21,22,23,
…,2n−3,2n−2 ,2n−1,2nの各々の電圧
V1,V2,V3,…,Vn−3,Vn−2 ,Vn−
1,Vnを測定して各測定電圧で最低電圧Vmin を示す
電池を決定する最低電圧電池決定処理手段と、電圧以外
の要因で放電が終了したことを検出したときに、最低電
圧を示す電池を監視電池と決定する判断手段とから構成
している。Further, although not shown, the monitoring battery determination means 51 includes multi-stage connected secondary battery cells 21, 22, 23,
, 2n-3, 2n-2, 2n-1, and 2n, V1, V2, V3, ..., Vn-3, Vn-2, Vn-
1 and Vn, and a minimum voltage battery determination processing means for determining a battery showing the minimum voltage Vmin at each measured voltage, and a battery showing the minimum voltage when it is detected that the discharge has ended due to factors other than the voltage. It comprises a monitoring battery and a determination means for determining.
【0039】このように構成された実施の形態の動作に
ついて図1乃至図3を基に図4乃至図6を参照して以下
に説明する。ここで、図4に、当該実施の形態の全体動
作を説明するためのフローチャートを示す。The operation of the embodiment configured as described above will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 and FIGS. 4 to 6. Here, FIG. 4 shows a flowchart for explaining the overall operation of the present embodiment.
【0040】まず、多段接続二次電池2の各二次電池セ
ル21,22,23,…,2n−3,2n−2 ,2n−
1,2nの各電圧V1,V2,V3,…,Vn−3,V
n−2 ,Vn−1,Vn及び電圧Voをマルチプレクサ
31に入力する。マルチプレクサ31では、これら電圧
V1,V2,V3,…,Vn−3,Vn−2 ,Vn−
1,Vn及び電圧Voの内の一つの電圧Vjを選択して
アナログデジタル変換手段32に与える。アナログデジ
タル変換手段32では、この電圧Vjをデジタルデータ
Svに変換する。この変換されたデジタルデータSv
は、監視制御装置5の監視電池決定手段51に入力され
る。First, each of the secondary battery cells 21, 22, 23,..., 2n-3, 2n-2, 2n-
, Vn-3, V
n−2, Vn−1, Vn and voltage Vo are input to the multiplexer 31. In the multiplexer 31, these voltages V1, V2, V3,..., Vn-3, Vn-2, Vn-
One of the voltages Vj, 1, and Vn and the voltage Vo is selected and given to the analog-to-digital converter 32. The analog-to-digital converter 32 converts the voltage Vj to digital data Sv. This converted digital data Sv
Is input to the monitoring battery determination means 51 of the monitoring control device 5.
【0041】監視電池決定手段51は、入力されたデジ
タルデータSvが放電終止電圧Vnに達したか否かを決
定処理を実行する(ステップS101)。監視電池決定
手段51は、多段接続二次電池2の各電圧V1,V2,
V3,…,Vn−3,Vn−2 ,Vn−1,Vn及び全
体電圧Voを取り込んでは監視電池決定処理(第1の工
程)を実行する(図4のS101−S102;NO)。
この工程は、監視電池2iが決定されるまで実行され
る。The monitoring battery determining means 51 performs a process of determining whether or not the input digital data Sv has reached the discharge end voltage Vn (step S101). The monitoring battery determination means 51 determines whether each of the voltages V1, V2,
V3,..., Vn−3, Vn−2, Vn−1, Vn and the overall voltage Vo are taken in, and a monitoring battery determination process (first step) is executed (S101-S102 in FIG. 4; NO).
This step is performed until the monitoring battery 2i is determined.
【0042】前記第1の工程(図4のS101−S10
2;NO)において一旦監視電池2iが決定された後に
は、充電監視制御手段52は、電圧測定回路3のマルチ
プレクサ31に指令を与えて、当該監視電池2iの電圧
値Vi及び多段接続二次電池2の全体電圧Voのみを取
込み充電制御電圧Vs(放電規制電圧Vdまたは電圧V
d×n段)と比較処理を実行する(図4のS103)。
当該監視電池2iの電圧値Viまたは多段接続二次電池
2の全体電圧Voが充電制御電圧Vs(放電規制電圧V
dまたは電圧Vd×n段)以下に達しないときには(図
4のS104;NO)、再び、充電監視制御手段52は
判断処理を実行する(図4のS103)。この処理は当
該監視電池2iの電圧値Viまたは多段接続二次電池2
の全体電圧Voが充電制御電圧Vs(放電規制電圧Vd
または電圧Vd×n段)以下に達するまで(図4のS1
04;YES)、実行される。The first step (S101-S10 in FIG. 4)
2; NO), once the monitoring battery 2i is determined, the charge monitoring control means 52 gives a command to the multiplexer 31 of the voltage measuring circuit 3 so that the voltage value Vi of the monitoring battery 2i and the multi-stage connected secondary battery 2 only takes in the charge control voltage Vs (discharge regulation voltage Vd or voltage V
(d × n stages) and the comparison process is performed (S103 in FIG. 4).
The voltage value Vi of the monitoring battery 2i or the total voltage Vo of the multi-stage connected secondary battery 2 is equal to the charge control voltage Vs (discharge regulation voltage V
If it does not reach d or the voltage Vd × n stages or less (S104 in FIG. 4; NO), the charge monitoring controller 52 executes the determination process again (S103 in FIG. 4). This process is performed by monitoring the voltage value Vi of the monitoring battery 2i or the multi-stage connected secondary battery 2
Is the charge control voltage Vs (discharge regulation voltage Vd).
Or until the voltage Vd × n stages or less (S1 in FIG. 4)
04; YES), and executed.
【0043】また、充電監視制御手段52は、当該監視
電池2iの電圧値Viまたは多段接続二次電池2の全体
電圧Voが充電制御電圧Vs以下に達したときには(図
4のS104;YES)、放電に切り換える(図4のS
105)。When the voltage value Vi of the monitor battery 2i or the total voltage Vo of the multi-stage connected secondary battery 2 has reached the charge control voltage Vs or less (S104 in FIG. 4; YES), the charge monitoring control means 52 determines Switching to discharge (S in FIG. 4)
105).
【0044】充電監視制御手段52は、放電時には、監
視電池2iの電圧値Viを取込み放電規制電圧Vdと比
較処理を実行する(図4のS105)。充電監視制御手
段52は、監視電池2iの電圧値Viが放電規制電圧V
d以下に達するまで(図4のS106;NO)、放電に
おける比較処理を実行する(図4のS105−S10
6;NO)。At the time of discharging, the charge monitoring control means 52 takes in the voltage value Vi of the monitoring battery 2i and executes a comparison process with the discharge regulation voltage Vd (S105 in FIG. 4). The charge monitoring control means 52 determines that the voltage value Vi of the monitoring battery 2i is equal to the discharge regulation voltage V
d (S106 in FIG. 4; NO), the comparison process in the discharge is performed (S105-S10 in FIG. 4).
6; NO).
【0045】そして、充電監視制御手段52は、監視電
池2iの電圧値Viが放電規制電圧Vd以下に達したと
きに(図4のS106;YES)、ステップ103の充
電制御に移行する。When the voltage value Vi of the monitoring battery 2i has reached the discharge regulation voltage Vd or less (S106 in FIG. 4; YES), the charge monitoring control means 52 shifts to the charge control in step 103.
【0046】図5に、監視電池を決定する動作の詳細を
説明するためのフローチャートを示す。この図5におい
て、多段接続二次電池2(組電池)の測定単位での終止
電圧をVdとする(図5のS201)。まず、多段接続
二次電池2の二次電池セル21,22,23,…,2n
−3,2n−2 ,2n−1,2nの各々の電圧V1,V
2,V3,…,Vn−3,Vn−2 ,Vn−1,Vn及
び多段接続二次電池2の全体電圧Voを電圧測定回路3
のマルチプレクサ31で選択し、その選択した電圧Vj
を電圧測定回路3のアナログデジタル変換手段32でデ
ジタルデータSvにして監視制御装置5に与える。FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining the details of the operation for determining the monitoring battery. In FIG. 5, the end voltage in the unit of measurement of the multi-stage connected secondary battery 2 (assembled battery) is set to Vd (S201 in FIG. 5). First, the secondary battery cells 21, 22, 23,..., 2n of the multi-stage connected secondary battery 2
−3, 2n−2, 2n−1, 2n
2, V3,..., Vn-3, Vn-2, Vn-1, Vn and the total voltage Vo of the multistage rechargeable battery 2 are measured by a voltage measuring circuit 3.
And the selected voltage Vj
Is converted into digital data Sv by the analog-to-digital conversion means 32 of the voltage measurement circuit 3 and supplied to the monitoring and control device 5.
【0047】監視制御装置5の監視電池決定手段51で
は、そのデジタルデータSvがVd以上か否かの判定を
する(図5のS202)。デジタルデータSvがVd以
下であると監視電池決定手段51において判定されると
(図5のS202;NO)、監視電池決定手段51では
当該電圧Vdに至った電池2iを監視電池2iと決定す
る(図5のS203)。The monitoring battery determining means 51 of the monitoring control device 5 determines whether or not the digital data Sv is equal to or higher than Vd (S202 in FIG. 5). When the monitoring battery determination unit 51 determines that the digital data Sv is equal to or lower than Vd (S202 in FIG. 5; NO), the monitoring battery determination unit 51 determines the battery 2i that has reached the voltage Vd as the monitoring battery 2i ( S203 in FIG. 5).
【0048】一方、デジタルデータSvがVd以上であ
ると監視電池決定手段51において判定されると(図5
のS202;YES)、監視制御装置5の監視電池決定
手段51では、ステップ202において多段接続二次電
池2の各々の電圧値を取り込んでおいたので、これら電
圧から最低電圧を示す電池を決定する(図5のS20
4)。On the other hand, when the monitoring battery determining means 51 determines that the digital data Sv is equal to or higher than Vd (FIG. 5).
S202; YES), since the monitored battery determining means 51 of the monitoring control device 5 has taken in the voltage values of each of the multi-stage connected secondary batteries 2 in step 202, the battery showing the lowest voltage is determined from these voltages. (S20 in FIG. 5)
4).
【0049】そして、監視電池決定手段51は、多段接
続二次電池2の全体電圧Voを測定し、その全体電圧V
oが単位電池の放電規制電圧値Vdに段数nを掛けて得
た電圧(Vd×n)以下のときに(図5のS205;N
O)、その最低電圧を示した電池を監視電池2iと決定
する(図5のS206)。The monitoring battery determination means 51 measures the total voltage Vo of the multi-stage connected secondary battery 2 and calculates the total voltage V
When o is equal to or less than the voltage (Vd × n) obtained by multiplying the discharge regulation voltage value Vd of the unit battery by the number of stages n (S205 in FIG. 5; N
O), the battery showing the lowest voltage is determined as the monitoring battery 2i (S206 in FIG. 5).
【0050】また、既にステップ204において最低電
圧を示す電池が分かっているので、監視電池決定手段5
1は、電圧以外の要因で放電が終了したことを検出した
ときに(図5のS207;NO)、最低電圧を示す電池
を監視電池2iと決定する(図5のS206)。Since the battery having the lowest voltage is already known in step 204, the monitoring battery determination means 5
When it is detected that the discharge has ended due to a factor other than the voltage (S207 in FIG. 5; NO), 1 determines the battery having the lowest voltage as the monitoring battery 2i (S206 in FIG. 5).
【0051】このようにして監視電池2iを決定した後
には(S203、S206)、既に説明したように、放
電の監視(図5のS208)、充電監視(図5のS20
9)を処理することになる。実際には、放電の監視(図
5のS208)、充電監視(図5のS209)を繰り返
して行うことになる。After the monitoring battery 2i is determined in this manner (S203, S206), as described above, monitoring of discharge (S208 of FIG. 5) and monitoring of charging (S20 of FIG. 5).
9) will be processed. In practice, monitoring of discharging (S208 in FIG. 5) and monitoring of charging (S209 in FIG. 5) are repeatedly performed.
【0052】このように本実施の形態では、放電時に最
も早く放電電圧Vdに至った電池2iが最も放電容量が
少ないので、この電池2iの電圧変化に従って、多段接
続二次電池(組電池)2の充電を行うものである。この
ように電池を特定ことにより、電池の温度補正も可能に
なり、劣化電池を的確に抑制することができる。そし
て、電池の充電放電電気容量を十分に確保しながら、不
要な過充電をせずに高い効率で、長いサイクル寿命まで
の充電放電運転制御が可能となる。As described above, in the present embodiment, the battery 2i that has reached the discharge voltage Vd earliest at the time of discharging has the smallest discharge capacity, and therefore, according to the voltage change of the battery 2i, the multi-stage connected secondary battery (assembled battery) 2 Is to be charged. By specifying the battery in this way, the temperature of the battery can be corrected, and the deteriorated battery can be accurately suppressed. Then, it is possible to control the charge and discharge operation up to a long cycle life with high efficiency without sufficiently overcharging while sufficiently securing the charge and discharge electric capacity of the battery.
【0053】図6に、ニッケル水素電池で構成した多段
接続二次電池の充放電の電圧特性を示し、横軸に時間
〔時〕を、縦軸に多段接続二次電池の電圧〔V〕をとっ
たものである。多段接続二次電池(組電池)2の内の劣
化電池の電圧値は、図6の実線で示すように、充電時に
電圧が上昇し、充電規制電圧Vcを越えて過充電に至
り、放電時には過放電に至る。FIG. 6 shows the charging / discharging voltage characteristics of a multi-tiered secondary battery composed of a nickel-metal hydride battery. The horizontal axis represents time [hours], and the vertical axis represents the voltage [V] of the multi-tiered secondary battery. It was taken. As shown by the solid line in FIG. 6, the voltage value of the deteriorated battery in the multi-stage connected secondary battery (assembled battery) 2 rises during charging, exceeds the charging regulation voltage Vc, leads to overcharging, and during discharging, It leads to overdischarge.
【0054】そこで、本実施の形態では、監視電池2i
の電圧曲線を図6の一点鎖線で示し、この監視電池2i
の電圧曲線を監視制御装置5で監視することによって充
電・放電の運転を行うようにしている。この監視電池2
iは、図6に示すように、過放電・過充電を繰り返して
いるが、放電規制電圧Vd、充電規制電圧Vcの間で充
電/放電を行うことにより、電池劣化も生じず、サイク
ル寿命も延ばすことができる。Therefore, in the present embodiment, the monitoring battery 2i
6 is indicated by a dashed line in FIG.
The charging / discharging operation is performed by monitoring the voltage curve in the monitoring control device 5. This monitoring battery 2
As shown in FIG. 6, i repeatedly repeats overdischarge and overcharge, but by performing charging / discharging between the discharge regulation voltage Vd and the charge regulation voltage Vc, the battery does not deteriorate and the cycle life is improved. Can be extended.
【0055】なお、本実施の形態では、規制電庄まで定
電流で充電したり、その後に、定電圧充電したりする充
電方式を適用することが望ましい。In the present embodiment, it is desirable to apply a charging method in which charging is performed with a constant current up to the regulation voltage, and thereafter, charging is performed with a constant voltage.
【0056】上記実施の形態では、電圧測定回路3は、
マルチプレクサ31と、一つのアナログデジタル変換手
段32とで構成したが、これに代えて、多段接続二次電
池の個々の電圧及び全体電圧をそれぞれデジタルデータ
にするアナログデジタル変換手段と、これらアナログデ
ジタル変換手段からのデジタルデータを所定の数のデー
タとして出力できるデジタルマルチプレクサとから構成
してもよい。In the above embodiment, the voltage measuring circuit 3
Instead of the multiplexer 31 and one analog-to-digital conversion means 32, the analog-to-digital conversion means for converting the individual voltages and the entire voltage of the multi-stage connected secondary battery into digital data, respectively, and the analog-to-digital conversion means And a digital multiplexer capable of outputting the digital data from the means as a predetermined number of data.
【0057】さらに、上記実施の形態では、多段接続二
次電池2の二次電池セル21,22,23,…,2n−
3,2n−2 ,2n−1,2nの各電圧を電圧測定回路
3のマルチプレクサ31を介して監視制御装置5に取り
込めるようにしたが、これに代えて、各二次電池セル2
1,22,23,…,2n−3,2n−2 ,2n−1,
2nの各電圧を電圧計等で定期的に測定し、これら測定
した測定値をその都度キーボードから監視制御装置5に
与えて監視電池を決定するようにしてもよい。このよう
にした場合、監視電池2iが決定したところで、当該監
視電池2iの電圧及び多段接続二次電池2の全体電圧を
アナログデジタル変換手段を介して監視制御装置5に入
力できるような電気的構成とし、以後、その監視電池2
i等を監視しながら監視制御装置5で充電装置4を制御
するようにしてもよい。Further, in the above embodiment, the secondary battery cells 21, 22, 23,.
Although the respective voltages of 3, 2n-2, 2n-1, and 2n can be taken into the monitoring and control device 5 through the multiplexer 31 of the voltage measuring circuit 3, instead of this, each of the secondary battery cells 2
1, 22, 23, ..., 2n-3, 2n-2, 2n-1,
Each voltage of 2n may be periodically measured with a voltmeter or the like, and the measured values may be provided to the monitoring control device 5 from the keyboard each time to determine the monitoring battery. In this case, when the monitoring battery 2i is determined, an electrical configuration in which the voltage of the monitoring battery 2i and the entire voltage of the multi-stage rechargeable battery 2 can be input to the monitoring control device 5 through the analog-to-digital conversion means. After that, the monitoring battery 2
The monitoring control device 5 may control the charging device 4 while monitoring i and the like.
【0058】[0058]
【実施例】次に、本発明の実施例を説明する。この実施
例は、負荷平準化、夜間電力の有効利用を目的とした、
一般家庭に設置する小型電力貯蔵装置のロードコンディ
ンョナーに本発明の多段接続2次電池の充放電制御装置
を適用したものである。このロードコンディショナー
は、多く接続した二次電池を電力貯蔵に利用している。
その用途から電力出力3〜5〔kW〕、電気容量約30
〔kW〕で、100〜200〔V〕の高い電圧を必要と
している。高い電圧を得るためには、数十個以上の電池
を直列に接続して多段接続二次電池(組電池)2を構成
するものとする。このとき、この多段接続二次電池(組
電池)2を構成する各電池セルの電気容量は均一ではな
く、ばらつきを生じているので、上述した実施の形態に
おける多段接続2次電池の充放電制御装置を適用するこ
とで、電池の劣化促進を防ぎ高い充電放電効率で、長い
寿命での運転が可能となる。Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described. This embodiment aims at load leveling and effective use of nighttime power.
The charge / discharge control device for a multi-stage connected secondary battery according to the present invention is applied to a load conditioner of a small power storage device installed in a general home. This load conditioner uses many connected secondary batteries for power storage.
The power output is 3-5 [kW] and the electric capacity is about 30
At [kW], a high voltage of 100 to 200 [V] is required. In order to obtain a high voltage, dozens or more batteries are connected in series to form a multi-stage connected secondary battery (assembled battery) 2. At this time, since the electric capacity of each battery cell constituting the multi-stage connected secondary battery (assembled battery) 2 is not uniform and varies, the charge / discharge control of the multi-stage connected secondary battery in the above-described embodiment is performed. By applying the device, it is possible to prevent the deterioration of the battery from being promoted, and to operate the battery with high charge / discharge efficiency and long life.
【0059】[0059]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように本発明に係る多段接
続2次電池の充放電制御方法によれば、電池の劣化促進
を防ぎ高い充電放電効率で長い寿命での運転が可能とな
る。As described above, according to the charge / discharge control method for a multi-stage connected secondary battery according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent the deterioration of the battery from being promoted and to operate the battery with high charge / discharge efficiency and long life.
【0060】また、本発明に係る多段接続2次電池の充
放電制御装置によれば、電池の劣化促進を防ぎ高い充電
放電効率で長い寿命での運転が可能となる装置を得るこ
とができる。Further, according to the charge / discharge control device for a multi-stage connected secondary battery according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a device which can prevent the deterioration of the battery from being accelerated and can operate with high charge / discharge efficiency and long life.
【図1】本発明に係る多段接続2次電池の充放電制御装
置の実施の形態を示すブロック図である。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a charge / discharge control device for a multi-stage connected secondary battery according to the present invention.
【図2】同電圧測定回路の構成例を示すブロック図であ
る。FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the voltage measurement circuit.
【図3】同監視制御装置の構成例を示すブロック図であ
る。FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the monitoring control device.
【図4】同実施の形態の全体動作を説明するために示す
フローチャートである。FIG. 4 is a flowchart shown to explain the overall operation of the embodiment.
【図5】同監視電池を決定する動作の詳細を説明するた
めに示すフローチャートである。FIG. 5 is a flowchart shown to explain details of an operation of determining the monitoring battery.
【図6】同ニッケル水素電池で構成した多段接続二次電
池の充放電の電圧特性を示す特性図である。FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing voltage characteristics of charging and discharging of a multi-stage connected secondary battery constituted by the nickel-metal hydride battery.
1 多段接続二次電池の充放電制御装置 2 多段接続二次電池(組電池) 3 電圧測定回路(電圧測定手段) 4 充電装置(充電手段) 5 監視制御装置(監視制御手段) 31 マルチプレクサ 32 アナログデジタル変換手段 51 監視電池決定手段 52 充電監視制御手段 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 Charge / discharge control device for multi-stage connected secondary battery 2 Multi-stage connected secondary battery (assembled battery) 3 Voltage measurement circuit (voltage measurement unit) 4 Charging device (charging unit) 5 Monitoring control device (monitoring control unit) 31 Multiplexer 32 Analog Digital conversion means 51 Monitoring battery determination means 52 Charge monitoring control means
Claims (11)
ルからなるモジュールあるいは当該モジュールを複数に
て構成した群電池を含む二次電池が多段に直列接続され
てなる多段接続二次電池を充放電制御する方法におい
て、多段接続二次電池の内で放電時に放電終止電圧に達
した電池を監視電池と決定する第1の工程と、前記第1
の工程にて一旦監視電池が決定された後には、当該監視
電池の電圧値または多段接続二次電池の全体電圧が充電
制御電圧以下に達したときに充電制御するとともに、当
該監視電池の電圧値が充電規制電圧以上に達したときに
充電制御を停止する第2の工程とを備えたことを特徴と
する多段接続二次電池の充放電制御方法。1. A multistage connection secondary battery in which a secondary battery cell or a module including a plurality of secondary battery cells or a secondary battery including a group battery including a plurality of the modules is connected in multiple stages in series. In the method of controlling discharge, a first step of deciding a battery that has reached a discharge end voltage at the time of discharging among the multi-stage connected secondary batteries as a monitor battery,
After the monitoring battery is once determined in the step, the charging control is performed when the voltage value of the monitoring battery or the total voltage of the multi-stage connected secondary battery has reached the charging control voltage or less, and the voltage value of the monitoring battery has been determined. And a second step of stopping the charge control when the voltage of the battery reaches the charge regulation voltage or higher.
池の各々の電圧値を測定し、当該測定した個々の電圧値
が単位電池の放電規制電圧以下のときに当該電圧値を示
した電池を監視電池と決定することを特徴とする請求項
1記載の多段接続二次電池の充放電制御方法。2. The first step measures a voltage value of each of the secondary batteries connected in multiple stages, and indicates the voltage value when the measured individual voltage value is equal to or less than the discharge regulation voltage of the unit battery. The charge / discharge control method for a multi-stage connected secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the battery that has been used is determined as a monitoring battery.
池の各々の電圧値を測定して各測定電圧で最低電圧を示
す電池を決定しておき、かつ多段接続二次電池の全体電
圧を測定し、その全体電圧が単位電池の放電規制電圧値
に段数を掛けて得た電圧以下のときに、前記最低電圧を
示した電池を監視電池と決定することを特徴とする請求
項1記載の多段接続二次電池の充放電制御方法。3. The first step is to measure the voltage value of each of the multi-stage connected secondary batteries to determine a battery exhibiting the lowest voltage at each measured voltage, and 2. A battery which measures the voltage and determines the battery showing the lowest voltage as a monitor battery when the total voltage is equal to or less than a voltage obtained by multiplying the discharge regulation voltage value of the unit battery by the number of stages. The charge / discharge control method of the multistage connection secondary battery as described in the above.
池の各々の電圧値を測定して各測定電圧で最低電圧を示
す電池を決定しておき、かつ電圧以外の要因で放電が終
了したことを検出したときに、最低電圧を示す電池を監
視電池と決定することを特徴とする請求項1記載の多段
接続二次電池の充放電制御方法。4. The first step is to measure a voltage value of each of the multi-stage connected secondary batteries, determine a battery showing the lowest voltage at each measured voltage, and discharge the battery due to factors other than the voltage. 2. The charge / discharge control method for a multi-stage connected secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a battery showing the lowest voltage is determined as a monitor battery when the end of the battery is detected.
ルからなるモジュールあるいは当該モジュールを複数に
て構成した群電池を含む二次電池が多段に直列接続され
てなる多段接続二次電池を充放電制御する装置におい
て、前記多段接続二次電池の個々の電圧を測定するとと
もに全体電圧を測定できる電圧測定手段と、前記多段接
続二次電池を充電する充電手段と、前記電圧測定手段か
ら得た電圧を取り込み、多段接続二次電池の内で放電時
に放電終止電圧に達した電池を監視電池と決定するとと
もに、一旦監視電池が決定された後には、当該監視電池
の電圧値または多段接続二次電池の全体電圧を取り込み
当該電圧値が充電制御電圧以下に達したときに前記充電
手段を充電動作させるとともに、当該監視電池の電圧値
が充電規制電圧以上に達したときに前記充電手段に対し
て充電制御を停止させる監視制御手段とを備えたことを
特徴とする多段接続二次電池の充放電制御装置。5. A multi-stage connected secondary battery in which a secondary battery cell, a module including a plurality of secondary battery cells, or a secondary battery including a group battery including a plurality of such modules is connected in multiple stages in series. In the device for controlling discharge, voltage measurement means capable of measuring the individual voltage of the multi-stage connected secondary battery and measuring the overall voltage, charging means for charging the multi-stage connected secondary battery, and the voltage measurement means The voltage is fetched, and among the multi-stage connected secondary batteries, the battery that has reached the discharge end voltage at the time of discharging is determined as the monitor battery, and once the monitor battery is determined, the voltage value of the monitor battery or the multi-stage secondary battery is determined. When the entire voltage of the battery is taken and the voltage value reaches the charge control voltage or less, the charging means is charged, and the voltage value of the monitoring battery becomes equal to or more than the charge regulation voltage. A charge / discharge control device for a multi-stage connected secondary battery, comprising: a monitoring control means for stopping charging control of the charging means when the charging time is reached.
電池の個々の電圧及び全体電圧を取り込み、これらの内
から少なくとも一つを出力できるマルチプレクサと、前
記マルチプレクサから出力された電圧値をデジタルデー
タにするアナログデジタル変換手段とからなることを特
徴とする請求項5記載の多段接続二次電池の充放電制御
装置。6. The voltage measuring means fetches an individual voltage and an entire voltage of the multi-stage rechargeable battery and outputs at least one of the multiplexed voltage and a digital value of the voltage value output from the multiplexor. 6. The charge / discharge control device for a multi-stage connected secondary battery according to claim 5, comprising an analog-to-digital converter for converting data.
電池の個々の電圧及び全体電圧をそれぞれデジタルデー
タにするアナログデジタル変換手段と、これらアナログ
デジタル変換手段からのデジタルデータを所定の数のデ
ータとして出力できるデジタルマルチプレクサとからな
ることを特徴とする請求項5記載の多段接続二次電池の
充放電制御装置。7. The voltage measuring means includes an analog-to-digital conversion means for converting each voltage and the entire voltage of the multi-stage connected secondary battery into digital data, and a digital data from the analog-to-digital conversion means for a predetermined number of times. 6. The charge / discharge control device for a multi-stage connected secondary battery according to claim 5, comprising a digital multiplexer capable of outputting data.
の内で放電時に放電終止電圧に達した電池を監視電池と
決定する監視電池決定手段と、前記監視電池決定手段に
て一旦監視電池が決定された後には、当該監視電池の電
圧値または多段接続二次電池の全体電圧が充電制御電圧
以下に達したときに充電制御するとともに、当該監視電
池の電圧値が充電規制電圧以上に達したときに充電制御
を停止する充電監視制御手段とを備えたことを特徴とす
る請求項5記載の多段接続二次電池の充放電制御装置。8. A monitoring battery determining means for determining, as a monitoring battery, a battery which has reached a discharge end voltage at the time of discharging among the multi-stage connected secondary batteries, and a monitoring battery once determined by the monitoring battery determining means. Is determined, the charge control is performed when the voltage value of the monitoring battery or the total voltage of the multi-stage connected secondary battery has reached the charging control voltage or less, and the voltage value of the monitoring battery has reached the charging regulation voltage or more. 6. The charge / discharge control device for a multi-stage connected secondary battery according to claim 5, further comprising: charge monitoring control means for stopping the charge control when the charging is performed.
二次電池の各々の電圧値を測定し、当該測定した個々の
電圧値が単位電池の放電規制電圧以下のときに当該電圧
値を示した電池を監視電池と決定する処理手段からなる
ことを特徴とする請求項8記載の多段接続二次電池の充
放電制御装置。9. The monitoring battery determination means measures the voltage value of each of the multi-stage connected secondary batteries, and indicates the voltage value when the measured individual voltage value is equal to or less than the discharge regulation voltage of the unit battery. 9. The charge / discharge control device for a multi-stage connected secondary battery according to claim 8, further comprising processing means for determining the battery that has been used as a monitor battery.
た二次電池の各々の電圧値を測定して各測定電圧で最低
電圧を示す電池を決定する最低電圧電池決定処理手段
と、多段接続二次電池の全体電圧を測定し、その全体電
圧が単位電池の放電規制電圧値に段数を掛けて得た電圧
以下のときに、前記最低電圧を示した電池を監視電池と
決定する比較決定手段とからなることを特徴とする請求
項8記載の多段接続二次電池の充放電制御装置。10. The minimum battery cell determination processing means for measuring the voltage value of each of the secondary batteries connected in multiple stages and determining the battery showing the lowest voltage at each measured voltage, A comparison determining means for measuring the overall voltage of the secondary battery, and when the overall voltage is equal to or less than the voltage obtained by multiplying the discharge regulation voltage value of the unit battery by the number of stages, and determining the battery having the lowest voltage as the monitoring battery. 9. The charge / discharge control device for a multi-stage connected secondary battery according to claim 8, comprising:
た二次電池の各々の電圧値を測定して各測定電圧で最低
電圧を示す電池を決定する最低電圧電池決定処理手段
と、電圧以外の要因で放電が終了したことを検出したと
きに、最低電圧を示す電池を監視電池と決定する判断手
段とからなることを特徴とする請求項8記載の多段接続
二次電池の充放電制御装置。11. The minimum battery determination processing means for measuring a voltage value of each of the multi-stage connected secondary batteries to determine a battery having the lowest voltage at each measured voltage, 9. The charge / discharge control device for a multi-stage connected secondary battery according to claim 8, further comprising: a judging means for determining a battery having the lowest voltage as a monitor battery when detecting that the discharge has ended due to a factor.
Priority Applications (1)
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---|---|---|---|
JP31953298A JP3583303B2 (en) | 1998-11-10 | 1998-11-10 | Charge / discharge control method and device for multi-stage connected secondary battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP31953298A JP3583303B2 (en) | 1998-11-10 | 1998-11-10 | Charge / discharge control method and device for multi-stage connected secondary battery |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2000152515A true JP2000152515A (en) | 2000-05-30 |
JP3583303B2 JP3583303B2 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
Family
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JP31953298A Expired - Fee Related JP3583303B2 (en) | 1998-11-10 | 1998-11-10 | Charge / discharge control method and device for multi-stage connected secondary battery |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002075387A (en) * | 2000-08-29 | 2002-03-15 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Battery check device |
JP2007026686A (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2007-02-01 | Toyota Motor Corp | Battery pack and charge control method for it |
US8183838B2 (en) | 2007-12-25 | 2012-05-22 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Charging method and system utilizing the same |
WO2012147263A1 (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | 日本電気株式会社 | Uninterruptible power supply apparatus and control method therefor |
JP2017173012A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2017-09-28 | 日置電機株式会社 | Method and device for measuring electrical storage device |
-
1998
- 1998-11-10 JP JP31953298A patent/JP3583303B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002075387A (en) * | 2000-08-29 | 2002-03-15 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Battery check device |
JP2007026686A (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2007-02-01 | Toyota Motor Corp | Battery pack and charge control method for it |
JP4618025B2 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2011-01-26 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Battery pack and charge control method thereof |
US8183838B2 (en) | 2007-12-25 | 2012-05-22 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Charging method and system utilizing the same |
WO2012147263A1 (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | 日本電気株式会社 | Uninterruptible power supply apparatus and control method therefor |
US9343902B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2016-05-17 | Nec Corporation | Uninterruptible power supply apparatus and control method |
JP2017173012A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2017-09-28 | 日置電機株式会社 | Method and device for measuring electrical storage device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP3583303B2 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
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