JP2000119083A - Composting of both garbage and organic matter residue - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently perform composting of both garbage and organic residue by associating garbage composting with organic residue one. SOLUTION: The method comprises (1) moisture-adjusting treatment and primary fermentation by stirring garbage G with a screw feeder while collecting garbage G into fermenting treatment chamber 6c of a collecting vehicle 1 exclusively for garbage; (2) continuing the primary fermentation in the chamber 6c by stirring garbage G with a screw feeder still after finishing the recovery operation with the vehicle 1 and returning to a base X; (3) transferring ca. 1/10-ca. 1/2 fermented garbage G from the chamber 6c into a fermenting rotary drum 61 in the base X next morning and leaving the rest of fermented garbage G in the chamber 6c for the preparation for collecting operation in this morning and for the purpose of its utilization as a bed material 41 for collecting operation in this morning; and (4) kneading organic residue Y along with the primarily fermented garbage G in the drum 61 to efficiently perform fermentation and composting.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for composting garbage and organic residue, and more particularly to a method for effectively composting a small amount of garbage and organic residue produced in a low-density area such as a mountain village. Related.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, a large amount of garbage is produced in a high-density area such as a large city. Therefore, garbage collected by a garbage collection vehicle at a plurality of collection points is collected by the garbage collection vehicle. The compost will be made at the terminal that returns after completion. Specifically, when the garbage collection vehicle that has collected the garbage finishes the collection work and returns to the base, unnecessary water in the garbage is dehydrated by a dehydrator,
Next, the dewatered garbage is put into a fermentation drum together with a water conditioner and an aerobic fermentation bacterium, and the garbage is agitated in the fermentation drum to activate the aerobic fermentation bacterium and to produce primary garbage. Perform fermentation treatment. Thereafter, the garbage subjected to the primary fermentation treatment is transferred from the fermentation drum to the aging tank, and the aging garbage is subjected to the aging fermentation treatment while activating the aerobic fermenting bacteria in the aging tank. Thereafter, the fermented garbage is transferred from the maturation tank to the ripening treatment plant, and a compost is obtained by performing a ripening fermentation process for ripening the garbage in the ripening treatment plant.

However, such a method for composting garbage requires large-scale facilities such as a dehydration treatment machine, a fermentation drum, and a maturation tank at a base, and therefore, a region with a high population density producing a large amount of garbage. However, in low-density areas such as mountain villages and rural areas where only a small amount of garbage is produced, if dewatering equipment, fermentation drums, and maturation tanks are installed at the base, the production of garbage can be reduced. There is a disadvantage that the base-side equipment becomes very large in comparison with the amount, and the running cost of the base-side equipment is high.

As another method of composting garbage, for example, as disclosed in JP-A-5-294770 and JP-A-4-225885, a fermentation drum is mounted on a garbage collection vehicle. The garbage collected at multiple collection points is subjected to a moisture adjustment process and a primary fermentation process during the collection operation, thereby leaving some of the large-scale facilities described above to a garbage collection vehicle and simplifying the facilities. In some cases, the fermentation process can be performed smoothly by effectively utilizing the collection work time for collecting garbage while reducing the amount of garbage.

On the other hand, in mountain villages and rural areas, organic residues such as manure generated in dairy farming, wood chips generated in forestry, and rice husks and vegetable chips generated in agriculture are generated. At present, these organic residues are collected separately from garbage and are reduced by incineration or fermentation.

[0006]

In the above-mentioned garbage collection vehicle, the initial fermentation (primary fermentation treatment) of garbage is performed during the garbage collection operation by a fermentation treatment device such as a fermentation drum. If the collection time is short,
The fermentation time is naturally shortened, and the primary garbage cannot be sufficiently fermented. In this way, if the garbage was insufficiently subjected to the primary fermentation treatment, the garbage collection vehicle was left at the base after returning to the base and until the garbage was sufficiently primary fermented. You will be stranded in the state. Therefore, after the next day, the work of collecting garbage must be entrusted to another garbage collection vehicle, and many garbage collection vehicles are required. Moreover, in order to compost the garbage, it is necessary to perform the ripe fermentation treatment over a number of days after the completion of the primary fermentation treatment, and during that time, if the garbage collection vehicle is stopped at the base, very inefficient equipment Becomes

[0007] In this case, if a fermentation drum is also provided on the base side, after the return to the base, the garbage of which fermentation processing is insufficient is transferred from the fermentation processing apparatus of the garbage collection vehicle to continue the primary fermentation processing. Although possible, it would conflict with the simplification of base-side equipment in low-density areas such as mountain villages that produce only small amounts of garbage.

On the other hand, when incinerating an organic residue collected in a mountain village or the like, it causes the generation of dioxin. In addition, when the organic residue is subjected to fermentation treatment, it is necessary to perform primary fermentation treatment sufficiently using a fermentation treatment device such as a fermentation drum or the like, and then perform secondary aging treatment by stacking or using an aging box or the like. As described above, the same situation as in the case of processing garbage also occurs in the case of processing an organic residue.

The present invention has been made in view of the foregoing, and an object of the present invention is to efficiently combine both composting of garbage and composting of organic residue by efficiently composting both.

[0010]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above object, a solution taken by the invention according to the first aspect of the present invention is a method of collecting garbage collected at a plurality of collection points by a garbage collection vehicle equipped with a fermentation treatment device. As a method of composting garbage and organic residue collected separately from this garbage, the garbage and organic residue are first collected at the above-mentioned collection points in the fermentation treatment device of the garbage-only collection vehicle. A moisture adjustment process and a primary fermentation process are performed on the collected garbage during the collection operation. Next, after the garbage collection vehicle has finished the collection operation and returned to the base, the primary fermentation processing of the garbage during the primary fermentation is continuously performed in the fermentation treatment apparatus. Thereafter, a part of the garbage subjected to the primary fermentation treatment is transferred from the fermentation treatment device into the fermentation rotating drum of the base,
The remaining garbage that has been subjected to the primary fermentation treatment is unloaded in the fermentation treatment apparatus and used as a moisture adjusting material for the next collection operation in preparation for the next collection operation. Thereafter, the organic waste collected separately from the garbage after the primary fermentation process transferred into the fermentation rotary drum is mixed with the garbage, and the fermentation process of the organic residue is performed in the fermentation rotary drum. This is performed together with the fermentation treatment of the garbage after the primary fermentation treatment, so that the garbage and the organic residue are matured and composted.

In the case of the first aspect, the garbage is subjected to the primary fermentation during the recovery operation and the primary fermentation after the return to the base, so that the fermentation proceeds in the fermentation apparatus. For this reason, the garbage collection vehicle is only stopped at the base until the primary fermentation process that has been continued after the return to the base is completed, and the garbage collection vehicle is normally stopped in the garage. Since this is applied to the non-use period of the garbage collection vehicle, the primary fermentation treatment is effectively performed, and the garbage collection vehicle is not stopped at the base until the ripe fermentation treatment is completed. Therefore, the period of use of the garbage collection vehicle for the newly collected garbage collection work is not destroyed, and there is no need to prepare a new garbage collection vehicle. Only a small number of collection vehicles are needed to go to the collection operation, and a single garbage collection vehicle is effectively used.

In addition, since the primary fermentation treatment is sufficiently performed continuously by using the fermentation treatment device of the garbage collection vehicle after returning to the base, it is not necessary to provide facilities such as a fermentation drum on the base side and a small amount of garbage can be obtained. Base-side facilities in low-density areas such as mountain villages that produce only
It is operated at low cost while keeping the running costs of the base-side equipment low.

Furthermore, of the garbage after the completion of the primary fermentation treatment, the remaining garbage left unloaded in the fermentation treatment device is used as a water conditioning material for the next recovery operation, and there is no need to load the moisture conditioning material. The running cost required for the moisture conditioner is reduced.

On the other hand, the garbage after the primary fermentation treatment transferred from the fermentation treatment apparatus into the fermentation rotary drum has already been adjusted in water content, becomes a floor material for water adjustment for the organic residue, and fermentative bacteria grow. Therefore, organic matter residues such as manure, wood chips, rice hulls, and vegetable chips mixed with these are efficiently fermented and sufficiently matured. Thereby, it is not necessary to transfer the organic residue to an aging box or the like and further perform a second aging treatment, and equipment such as an aging box is not required on the base side, and the installation space for the equipment on the base side is sufficiently reduced, The equipment cost of the base-side equipment will also be sufficiently reduced. In addition, the dioxin problem caused by incineration of organic residue can be smoothly solved.

Moreover, since the organic waste such as manure, wood dust, rice husk, and vegetable waste is mixed (blended) with the garbage after the primary fermentation treatment as described above, the fertilizer is effective as a fertilizer. And high quality compost will be produced. And by using such compost, it can contribute to promotion of organic agriculture.

Furthermore, since the secondary aging treatment using an aging box or the like is not required, the period required for the secondary fermentation treatment is shortened, and compost can be obtained in a short period of time.

In addition, only the garbage is collected by the garbage collection vehicle, and only the organic residue is collected by a separate collection vehicle, so that the individual who is discarding the garbage and the organic residue has a sense of separation. Will be enhanced.

[0018]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

First, before describing the method of the present invention, the configuration of a garbage-only recovery vehicle among the recovery vehicles used in the method of the present invention will be described.

FIGS. 2 to 4 show a garbage collection vehicle. The garbage collection vehicle 1 is used in a low population density area such as a mountain village where only a small amount of garbage G is produced, as shown in FIG. Garbage G is sequentially collected at a plurality of collection points P1 to P3 (only three are shown in the figure).

Referring to FIG. 2, a garbage collection vehicle 1 has a sub-chassis 3 provided at a rear portion of a body frame 2 thereof.
A fermentation treatment device 4 is mounted on the sub-chassis 3. In FIG. 3, the fermentation treatment device 4 is housed in a box 5 surrounded by front and rear and left and right walls 5a to 5d and upper and lower walls 5e and 5f (shown in FIG. 4).
As shown in FIG. 2, the front and rear partition walls 5g and 5h partition the front and rear chambers 6a and 6b and the central fermentation processing chamber 6c. A pair of left and right shaft portions 7 extending in the front-rear direction of the vehicle body in the fermentation treatment chamber 6c are rotatably supported by the front and rear partition walls 5g and 5h.

On the rear side of the rear wall 5b of the box 5, a bucket lifting / reversing device 10 is provided. The bucket lifting / reversing device 10 includes a slider 11a for moving the bucket B up and down along the rear wall 5b of the box body 5. The slider 11a is composed of a pair of left and right guide rails 11b extending vertically along the rear wall 5b. It is supported so that it can move up and down. The bucket elevating and reversing device 10 includes a lowering position (a position indicated by a solid line in FIG. 2) at which the garbage G can be loaded into the bucket B, and
The bucket B is configured to be moved up and down with respect to an ascending position (a position indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 2) to be inverted toward (described later). A guide plate Ba (shown in FIG. 2) is provided on the front side of the bucket B so that the garbage G in the bucket B projects from the immersion state when the bucket B is inverted toward the slot 13. Are smoothly guided to the inlet 13. A pair of left and right rails 12, 12 (shown in FIG. 3) are laid on the upper wall 5e of the box 5. And the upper wall 5e of the box 5
In the rear part, the input port 13 corresponding to the upper part of the fermentation processing chamber 6c is provided.
The opening 13 is opened and closed by a lid 15 which is guided by the rail 12 and opens and closes along with the expansion and contraction operation of an expansion and contraction cylinder 14 extending between the rails 12 in the vehicle longitudinal direction. At approximately the center of the left and right side walls 5c and 5d of the box 5, rectangular outlets 16 corresponding to the left and right sides of the fermentation treatment chamber 6c are provided. The upper edge 16 is closed by a discharge gate 18 supported by a pair of left and right hinges 17 so as to be able to open downward.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, screw feeders 21 are respectively provided on the left and right shaft portions 7, and these screw feeders 21 are attached to the front chamber 6 of the box 5.
The motor 22 is rotated relative to each other (in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 4) via a chain 23. Above the lower wall 5f of the box body 5, a corrugated plate 20 formed in a corrugated shape in accordance with the outer peripheral surface of each screw feeder 21 is provided. The wavy plate 20 removes the garbage G stirred by the screw feeders 21 while avoiding interference with each screw feeder 21.
0 to the corrugated plate 20 side (lower wall 5f)
Side) to the outside (left and right side walls 5c, 5d side).

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the right side of the front end of the sub-chassis 3 (the front side of the box 5) is driven independently of the engine (not shown) in the engine room E. An independent engine 24 is mounted, and a generator 25 operated by the independent engine 24 is mounted on the front left side of the sub-chassis 3. Each of the motors 22 is driven by the generator 25. As shown in FIG. 1, a ground power supply outlet 26 is provided at the lower front end of the left side wall 5c and the right side wall 5d corresponding to the left and right sides of the front chamber 6a of the box body 5. Outlet 26
Is configured to supply power to each of the motors 22 by power supply from a ground power supply 27 described later. Each of the motors 22 can be operated by the ground power supply 27 by inserting a coupler 29 at the end of a power cord 28 derived from the ground power supply 27 at the base X into the ground power supply outlet 26.

As shown in FIG. 2, a warm air supply device 31 is provided in the front chamber 6a of the box 5. The hot air supply device 31 includes a heater 32 heated by the generator 25 and an air suction pump 33. The heater 32 and the air suction pump 33 are connected in the middle of an air supply pipe 34 whose upstream end is open to the engine room E. The downstream end of the air supply pipe 34 penetrates through the front wall 5a and the front partition wall 5g of the box body 5 and opens into the fermentation treatment chamber 6c, and is introduced into the air supply pipe 34 by the air suction pump 33. The heated air is heated by the heater 32 and supplied to the fermentation treatment chamber 6c. Then, the box 5, the bucket lifting / reversing device 10,
Input port 13, telescopic cylinder 14, lid 15, discharge port 16,
Discharge gate 18, screw feeder 21, motor 2
2, the independent engine 24, the generator 25 and the hot air supply device 31 constitute the fermentation treatment device 4, and the fermentation treatment device 4, especially the bucket lifting / reversing device 10, the telescopic cylinder 1
4. The motor 22 and the hot air supply device 31 are operated by the generator 25.

Next, of the method of the present invention, the composting process of garbage G using the garbage collection vehicle 1 in an area having a low population density, such as a mountain village, will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, although the processing of the garbage G is associated with the method of composting organic residues, for convenience, only the processing of the garbage G will be described first, and the relation with the method of composting organic residues will be described later. To

As a premise, it is assumed that a floor material 41 in which aerobic fermentative bacteria are propagated in a moisture adjusting material is previously loaded in the fermentation treatment chamber 6c of the garbage collection vehicle 1.
The generator 25 is operated by the independent engine 24. Further, the bucket B is positioned at a storage position slightly above the lowered position.

First, the garbage collection vehicle 1 is dispatched from the base X, moved to the first collection point P1, and the garbage collection work is performed at the first collection point P1.

Specifically, the bucket B is moved to the lowered position (the position indicated by the solid line in FIG. 2) by operating the bucket elevating and reversing device 10, and the garbage is put into the bucket B by the operator or the garbage dumper himself. Load G. At this time, with the operation of the bucket elevating and reversing device 10, the telescopic cylinder 14
Is contracted to open the lid 15 so that the input port 13 is opened.
Leave open. When the loading of the garbage G into the bucket B is completed, the bucket B is raised and the bucket B is lifted.
At the point where the garbage reaches the ascending position (the position indicated by the two-dot chain line shown in FIG. 2),
From the inlet 13 into the fermentation chamber 6c. When the garbage G in the bucket B has been thrown, the bucket B is returned from the inverted posture to the elevating posture and lowered to the lowered position,
Similarly, the above operation of loading the next garbage G into the bucket B and charging the garbage G through the charging port 13 is referred to as a first collection point P1.
Repeat until no garbage G is left. And the first
When all the garbage G at the collection point P1 is thrown into the fermentation processing chamber 6c, the bucket B is positioned at the storage position, the telescopic cylinder 14 is extended, and the lid 15 is closed so that the inlet 13 is closed. By rotating the respective motors 22 to rotate the screw feeders 21, the garbage G put into the fermentation chamber 6 c is stirred with the floor material 41, and the aerobic fermentation bacteria in the floor material 41 are activated. To start the primary fermentation process.

Next, the garbage collection vehicle 1 is operated to the second collection point P2. In the operation process (the operation process from the first collection point P1 to the second collection point P2), the air supply pipe 3 is moved by the air suction pump 33.
By heating the air introduced into the chamber 4 by the heater 32 and supplying the air into the fermentation chamber 6c, the temperature in the fermentation chamber 6c is maintained at 50 ° C. to 60 ° C. The first fermentation treatment is performed efficiently by activating the aerobic fermentation bacteria of the above.

Then, the subsequent collection points (P2,
Every time the garbage collection vehicle 1 arrives at P3), the garbage G is collected in the same manner as the garbage collection at the first collection point P1 described above. In this case, the agitation of the garbage G by each screw feeder 21 is stopped only while the garbage G is being fed into the fermentation processing chamber 6c by the bucket lifting / reversing device 10, and between the collection points adjacent to each other. Operation process, for example, the first collection point P1 and the second
In the operation process between the collection points P2 of the fermentation
The primary fermentation treatment of the garbage G is smoothly performed.

Thereafter, when the garbage collection vehicle 1 that has spent 5 to 6 hours and completed the collection of the garbage G at the collection points P1 to P3 returns to the base X, the independent engine 24
Is stopped, and the coupler 29 at the end of the power cord 28 derived from the ground power supply 27 of the base X is plugged into one of the left and right ground power supply outlets 26 to operate the motors 22 with the ground power supply 27 of the base X. . Thereby, each motor 22 is operated also on the base X side, and the garbage G can be continuously stirred by the screw feeder 21, and after returning to the base X, the garbage collection vehicle 1 can be used for garbage collection work in the morning. The primary fermentation treatment of the garbage G by the fermentation treatment device 4 can be continuously performed sufficiently throughout the day and night, that is, for about ten hours or more, until it is allowed to go.

As the next step, there are a method of composting the garbage G in the maturation treatment plant Xa in the base X and composting it, and a method of composting the organic waste residue which is a feature of the present invention.
First, the former method will be described individually. The procedure is as follows. On the next morning, the coupler 29 at the end of the power cord 28 derived from the ground power supply 27 of the base X is pulled out from the ground power supply outlet 26, and the independent engine 24 of the garbage collection vehicle 1 is driven to drive the generator 25. After the operation, the garbage collection vehicle 1 is moved to the scale 44 of the ripe processing plant Xa in the base X
And open each discharge gate 18 to open the discharge port 16
Are opened, and the motors 22 are relatively rotated to rotate the screw feeder 21 to rotate the garbage G having completed the primary fermentation processing in the fermentation processing chamber 6c.
At the center of 0, it is distributed to the left and right and discharged from the left and right discharge ports 16. At this time, about one-tenth to about one-half of the garbage in the fermentation processing chamber 6c is reduced based on the scale 44.
By transferring to step a, the compost is matured for a predetermined period of time, for example, several days, in this fully matured processing plant Xa to become fully matured compost.
On the other hand, the remaining garbage G remaining after the completion of the primary fermentation treatment left in the fermentation treatment room 6c is used as the floor material 41 for the garbage collection work this morning.
(Moisture adjusting material).

Thus, the garbage G is collected in the fermentation treatment apparatus 4 by the primary fermentation treatment in the operation process between the collection points and the continuous primary fermentation treatment by the screw feeder 21 from the return to the base X until the next morning. (Fermentation processing room 6c
The fermentation treatment in (in) proceeds quickly. In addition, the garbage that has completed the primary fermentation treatment in the fermentation treatment device 4 is transferred to the base X
Is transferred to the ripe processing plant Xa,
In a, the fertilizer is matured for a predetermined period to be a fully-composted compost. Therefore, the garbage collection vehicle 1 is stopped at the base X only after returning to the base X and before going to the garbage collection work in the morning to complete the primary fermentation process. Since the suspension period of the dedicated collection vehicle 1 is applied to the non-use period of the garbage collection vehicle 1 normally stored in the garage, the primary fermentation process is effectively performed and the fermentation process is completed until the mature fermentation process is completed. The garbage collection vehicle 1 is not stopped at the base X, the use period of the garbage collection vehicle 1 for collecting newly produced garbage is not destroyed, and the garbage collection only. There is no need to prepare a new car 1, and only a small number of garbage-only collection vehicles 1 are required for going to the collection operation.
Can be effectively utilized.

In addition, since the fermentation treatment (continuous primary fermentation treatment) is continuously performed using the fermentation treatment device 4 of the garbage collection vehicle 1 after returning to the base X, facilities such as fermentation drums are provided on the base X side. The base X-side equipment in a low-density area, such as a mountain village that produces only a small amount of garbage and is not required, can be simplified sufficiently, and the running cost of the base X-side equipment can be reduced and the equipment can be operated at low cost.

Further, among the garbage G after the completion of the primary fermentation treatment, the garbage G remaining in the fermentation treatment chamber 6c after transferring about one-tenth to about one-half to the ripe treatment plant Xa is Is used in the fermentation treatment room 6c (the fermentation treatment device 4) as a floor material 41 for the collection work of the waste, so that the floor material 41 is newly placed in the fermentation treatment room 6c every time the garbage G is collected. The running cost required for the floor material 41 can be reduced.

In the above-mentioned method for composting garbage G,
After the primary fermentation continued by the fermentation treatment device 4 in the base X, there is a process related to the organic matter residue by the latter as a method other than the above-mentioned ripeness treatment. Hereinafter, a composting method by this process will be described with reference to FIGS. It will be described based on.

At the base X, a small amount of garbage G collected in a mountain village or the like, and animal manure collected separately therefrom,
A fermentation rotary drum 61 for composting organic residues Y such as wood chips, rice husks and vegetable chips is provided. In addition, other configurations except the fermentation rotary drum 61 are the same as those described in the method of composting the garbage G, and the same portions are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.

That is, as shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of collection points P in an area with a low population density, such as a mountain village that produces only a small amount of garbage G, by the garbage collection vehicle 1.
At 1 (only one location is shown in the figure), garbage G is sequentially collected.

As shown in FIG. 5, organic residues Y such as cattle and cattle bred in mountain villages, wood chips, rice husks and vegetable chips are stored in a container 51 placed at a collection point Q1. The container 51 is mounted on the undercarriage 52a of the container handling vehicle 52 that is regularly operated almost every morning by the cargo handling device 53, collected and transported to the base X by the container handling vehicle 52.

As shown in FIG.
1 is a drum 64 rotatably supported by a plurality of rollers 62, 62 about a substantially horizontal rotation axis 63;
A cylindrical first end cover 65 that covers one end (right end in FIG. 6) of the drum 64 in the direction of the rotating shaft 63, and a cylinder that covers the other end (left end in FIG. 6) of the drum 64. And a second end cover 66 in a shape of a circle. The both end covers 65 and 66 are fixed to the base 60 in a non-rotating state by a frame 67 in a state of being externally attached to both ends of the drum 64 in the direction of the rotating shaft 63, respectively. Drum 6 above
4 has a spiral blade 64a provided therein. The contents (organic residue Y and garbage G) are accommodated in the fermentation rotary drum 61 with an approximately half space Z (also shown in FIG. 7) on the upper side thereof. Then, as shown in FIG.
When the drum 64 (shown in FIG. 6) is driven to rotate in the direction indicated by the solid arrow by a motor (not shown), the drum 64 is driven to rotate around the rotation shaft 63 in the direction indicated by the solid arrow, whereby the contents (organic matter) in the drum 64 are rotated. The residue Y and the garbage G) are fed to the other end of the rotating shaft 63 (the second end cover 66 side). On the other hand, each of the rollers 62 is
7, the drum 64 is driven to rotate about the rotation shaft 63 in the direction indicated by the solid line arrow in FIG. (The cover 65 side).

As shown in FIG. 6, a discharge pipe 68 for discharging steam and the like generated in the drum 64 is connected to an upper portion of the first end cover 65, and a supply port 69 is provided. Has been established. The supply port 69 is provided with an opening / closing lid 70 for opening and closing the supply port 69. Further, an outlet 71 is provided at a lower portion of the end surface of the first end cover 65, and an opening / closing lid 72 for opening and closing the outlet 71 is provided in the outlet 71.

On the other hand, on the upper part of the second end cover 66, an installation base 66a for installing the combustion burner 73 is provided. An opening 74 into which the combustion cylinder 73a of the combustion burner 73 is inserted is provided at the upper end of the second end cover 66. In this case, the drum 64
The organic matter residue Y and the garbage G charged into the inside are rolled and kneaded in accordance with the drum 64 rotating in the direction of the solid arrow shown in FIG. 7, and the surface movement of the kneaded material K (mixture) is inclined with respect to the horizontal plane. (The state shown in FIG. 7), the opening 74 is positioned at a position substantially passing through the rotating shaft 63 and orthogonal to the surface of the kneaded material K.

The fermentation rotary drum 61 thus configured
In the base X provided with the garbage, the garbage G and the organic residue Y are composted as follows by the method characterized by the present invention.

In this case, the step of performing primary fermentation processing of the garbage G by the fermentation processing device 4 of the garbage collection vehicle 1 is as described above. It is assumed that the agitation of the garbage G by the feeder 21 is continuously performed during the day and night (for ten and several hours) from the return of the base X to the morning of the morning, and the primary fermentation treatment of the garbage G is sufficiently performed.

Then, the next day after the primary fermentation treatment of the garbage G was continued for 24 hours, the independent engine 24 of the garbage collection vehicle 1 was driven to operate the generator 25, and then the garbage collection vehicle 1 Is operated to a scale (not shown) at the installation location of the fermentation rotary drum 61 in the base X, and each discharge gate 18 is opened downward to open the outlet 16, and then the primary fermentation processing is performed in the fermentation processing chamber 6c. Is discharged from the left and right discharge ports 16 by approximately half on the basis of the scale. At this time, the container 51 storing the organic residue Y such as animal excrement, wood waste, rice husk, and vegetable waste is mounted on the undercarriage 52a of the container handling vehicle 52, transported to the installation location of the fermentation rotary drum 61 at the base X, and waits. are doing.

On the other hand, the garbage G left after the completion of the primary fermentation in the fermentation processing chamber 6c is used as the floor material 41 (moisture adjusting material) for the garbage collection work this morning.

Next, the garbage G discharged from the installation place of the fermentation rotary drum 61 after the completion of the primary fermentation treatment is fed from a supply port 69 of the fermentation rotary drum 61 by a belt conveyor or the like (not shown), and the organic matter in the container 51 is removed. The residue Y is sucked and transported by a vacuum type pumping device (not shown) or the like, and is charged from the supply port 69 of the fermentation rotary drum 61. At this time, if the amount of moisture in the organic residue Y is large, the moisture adjusting material S such as sawdust may be used if necessary.
Is supplied from the supply port 69 of the fermentation rotary drum 61.

Thereafter, the rollers 62, 62 are driven by a motor.
Is rotated in the direction of the solid arrow shown in FIG.
Is rotated in the direction of the solid line arrow shown in FIG. 7 around the rotating shaft 63 to knead the organic residue Y in the drum 64 together with the garbage G after the completion of the primary fermentation treatment. Next, a mixed gas of fuel and air such as heavy oil supplied from a fuel gas supply pipe (not shown) is supplied to the combustion cylinder 7 by the combustion burner 73.
3a, and the burning flame F is burned in a combustion cylinder 73a.
Into the drum 64 from the first end cover 65 in the direction of the rotating shaft 63.
By blowing toward the side, the space Z in the drum 64 is heated to 70 ° C to 75 ° C. Then, while the inside of the drum 64 is heated, kneading of the organic residue Y and the garbage G after the completion of the primary fermentation is continuously performed for about 3 hours. Thereby, the organic matter residue Y and the garbage G after the completion of the primary fermentation treatment, that is, the germs in the kneaded material K can be killed, and the aerobic fermentative bacteria can be grown at a high speed.

Thereafter, the outlet 7 of the first end cover 65 is
1 is released, the rollers 62, 62 are driven to rotate in the direction of the dashed arrow shown in FIG. 7, and the drum 64 is driven to rotate about the rotating shaft 63 in the direction of the dashed arrow shown in FIG. The object K is fed to one end side (the first end cover 65 side) in the direction of the rotating shaft 53 and discharged from the outlet 71.

Then, the drum 64 (the fermentation rotary drum 6)
1) The kneaded material K discharged from the inside is transferred to the ripe treatment plant Xa. At this time, the kneaded material K transferred to the ripe processing plant Xa
The organic residue Y in the state becomes almost free of odor by sufficient primary fermentation treatment in the fermentation rotating drum 61.

The kneaded material K is turned upside down about once every two weeks in the above-mentioned fully-ripened treatment plant Xa, so that the ripening proceeds evenly, and if necessary, water is injected. It becomes a fully-composted compost after the ripening period.

In this case, the garbage G after the completion of the primary fermentation treatment
Among them, approximately half of the garbage G is the floor material 41 of the next collection work.
It is used as (moisture adjusting material) left unloaded in the fermentation treatment chamber 6c, so that there is no need to load the moisture adjusting material and the purchase cost of the moisture adjusting material is similarly reduced.

On the other hand, the garbage G discharged from the fermentation treatment chamber 6c after the primary fermentation treatment has already been adjusted in water content, becomes a floor material for water adjustment for the organic residue Y, and has fermentative bacteria growing thereon. The organic matter residue Y such as animal waste, wood waste, rice husk, and vegetable waste that is kneaded with water is efficiently fermented and sufficiently matured. Accordingly, there is no need to transfer the organic residue Y to an aging box or the like and further perform a secondary aging treatment, so that equipment such as an aging box is not required on the base X side, and the installation space for the equipment on the base X side is sufficiently reduced. In addition to this, the facility cost of the facility on the base X side can be sufficiently reduced. In addition, the dioxin problem generated by burning the organic residue Y can be smoothly solved.

Moreover, since the organic wastes Y such as animal manure, wood chips, rice husks and vegetable chips are mixed (blended) with the garbage G after the primary fermentation as described above, the fertilizer As a result, high-quality compost is produced with high fertilizer efficiency. And by using such compost, it can contribute to promotion of organic agriculture.

Furthermore, since the secondary aging treatment using an aging box or the like is not required, the period required for the secondary fermentation treatment is shortened, and compost can be obtained in a short period of time.

The garbage G is collected by the garbage collection vehicle 1.
Only, and a separate container handling vehicle 52
As a result, only the organic residue Y is collected together with the container 51, so that the individual who discards the garbage G and the organic residue Y can be more aware of separation.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but includes various other examples. For example, in the above embodiment, the hot air supply device 31 is
The air heated by the heater 32 is supplied to the air suction pump 33.
Is configured to be supplied into the fermentation processing chamber 6c by
The hot air supply device is composed of a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust pipe and the air taken in from the engine room via the air supply pipe. The primary fermentation treatment may be efficiently and smoothly performed by supplying the fermentation treatment chamber via a tube. In addition, an exhaust pipe is arranged between the corrugated plate and the lower wall so that the garbage can be heated from the corrugated plate side, which is combined with the supply of heated air from the heater into the fermentation chamber by the hot air supply device. Then, the garbage in the fermentation treatment chamber may be efficiently heated.

In the above-described embodiment, approximately one-tenth to approximately one-half of the garbage G subjected to the primary fermentation treatment is supplied to the fully-ripened treatment plant Xa.
However, all the garbage after the completion of the primary fermentation treatment in the fermentation treatment room may be transferred to the ripe treatment plant.

Further, in the above embodiment, the motor 22 is operated by using the power supply on the base X side when returning to the base. However, when the fuel such as gasoline is abundant, the independent engine is operated. Of course, the generator may be driven and the motor may be operated accordingly.

Further, in the above embodiment, the screw feeder 2 is used only in the operation process between the collection points adjacent to each other.
1 was operated, but on the way to the garbage collection work, from the time when the independent engine was driven to operate the generator, or from the time when the garbage was thrown into the bucket at the first collection point until it returned to the base. The screw feeder may be operated continuously over the interval.

[0062]

As described above, according to the method for composting garbage and organic matter residues according to the first aspect of the present invention, garbage can be quickly collected in the fermentation treatment apparatus by the primary fermentation treatment during the collection operation and after returning to the base. Since the fermentation process is performed, the non-use period from returning to the base to the next garbage collection work is effectively used to stop the garbage collection truck at the base and go to the next garbage collection work In this case, it is not necessary to prepare a new garbage collection vehicle, and a single garbage collection vehicle can be effectively used. Furthermore, facilities such as fermentation drums on the base side are not required to continue the fermentation treatment of garbage after returning to the base, and the base-side facilities are sufficiently simplified, and the running cost of the base-side facilities is suppressed and the operation is inexpensive. be able to. Furthermore, the remaining primary garbage that has been partially transferred to the fermentation rotating drum at the base and that has been subjected to the primary fermentation treatment is left behind in the fermentation treatment apparatus as a moisture adjustment material for the next recovery operation, and is used as a moisture adjustment material. Running costs can be reduced. In addition, organic matter residues can be kneaded together with garbage after the primary fermentation treatment in a fermentation rotating drum and fermentation can be performed efficiently. It is possible to obtain compost between them, and it is possible to sufficiently reduce the installation space and equipment cost of the base-side equipment, and also to smoothly solve the problem of dioxin generation due to incineration. In addition, since it is a fermented product obtained by mixing organic residues with garbage after the primary fermentation process, it is possible to produce high-quality, high-quality compost as a fertilizer. It can contribute to the promotion of agriculture. In addition, compost can be obtained in a short period of time without the need for secondary aging treatment using an aging box, etc. In addition, special garbage trucks can collect garbage and organic matter residues and raise the awareness of individual residents for separation. .

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic process diagram showing a composting process of garbage.

FIG. 2 is a side view of a garbage collection vehicle.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a garbage collection vehicle.

FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional front view of the fermentation treatment chamber.

FIG. 5 is an overall schematic process diagram showing a composting process of garbage and organic residue according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a partially cutaway sectional view of a fermentation rotating drum.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 1 Garbage collection vehicle 4 Fermentation treatment device 41 Floor material (moisture adjusting material) 61 Fermentation rotating drum G Garbage P1 to P3 Collection point X Base Y Organic residue

Claims (1)

[Claims] Claims 1. A garbage and an organic residue obtained by composting garbage collected at a plurality of collection points by a garbage collection vehicle equipped with a fermentation treatment device and an organic residue collected separately from the garbage. A composting method, wherein a moisture adjustment process and a primary fermentation process are performed on the garbage collected in the fermentation treatment device of the garbage collection vehicle at each of the collection points during the collection operation, After the dedicated collection vehicle finishes the collection operation and returns to the base, the primary fermentation processing of the garbage during the primary fermentation is continuously performed in the fermentation processing apparatus. A part of the fermentation processing apparatus is transferred to the fermentation rotating drum of the base, while the remaining garbage that has been subjected to the primary fermentation processing is left behind in the fermentation processing apparatus in preparation for the next recovery operation, and the moisture control material for the next recovery operation is used. When Then, after that, to the garbage after the primary fermentation treatment transferred to the fermentation rotating drum, the organic residue collected separately from this garbage is mixed, and the fermentation treatment of the organic residue is performed as described above. A method of composting garbage and organic matter residues, wherein the method is performed together with fermentation treatment of garbage after the primary fermentation treatment in a fermentation rotating drum, and the garbage and organic matter residues are matured and composted.