JP2003335594A - Composting facility - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently perform turning over of organic wastes inside fermentation tanks and biofermentation through air intake and supply, even in a composting facility divided into small blocks. <P>SOLUTION: The facility has multiple rectangular-shaped fermentation tanks 3 whose upper parts can be opened, a crane-type unit 24 for turning over the compost which is formed from a long rail 19 positioned above the multiple fermentation tanks 3, a traveling trolley 20 established in a manner enabling its horizontal traveling along the long rail 19, a vertically extendable arm 21 established on the traveling trolley 20, a hoist 22 for extending and contracting the arm 21 and a gripping part 23 attached to the lower end of the arm, and a mobile closed tent 32 equipped with a long rail 25, a traveling trolley 26 established in a manner enabling its horizontal traveling along the long rail 25, a closed tent 28 which is established on the traveling trolley 26 and covers the upper parts of the fermentation tanks 3, a folding sheet part 29 which forms the lateral surfaces of the closed tent 28, a mooring winch 30 for winding up and unwinding the sheet part 29 and an air-intake duct 31 for treating a fermentation gas inside the closed tent. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to fermentation and decomposition of organic waste such as manure discharged from livestock, garbage discharged from households, and sewage sludge. Composting facilities. [0002] Conventionally, in a composting treatment facility for fermenting and decomposing organic wastes such as manure discharged from livestock, garbage discharged from households and sewage sludge, aerobic fermentation is performed. An operation called "turning back" is added for the purpose of taking in air into the deposited composting material and accelerating the material to promote it. In this “turning back” operation, materials are generally transshipped using a bucket loader or the like, so that air is taken into the inside of the sediment and the material is made uniform. On the other hand, there is also known an automatic switching device such as a rotary type or a scoop type for self-propelling in a fermenter and stirring the composting material as the vehicle travels. The Japanese Journal of Agricultural Machinery, Vol. 60, No. 1 (199)
8) On pages 185 to 186, a ceiling having an overhead traveling crane, an elevation device attached to the traveling section of the overhead traveling crane so as to be able to move up and down, and a grip portion (grab) attached to a tip of the elevation device. A crane-type compost turning device is disclosed. This crane-type compost turning device can be moved to any position without having to move frequently for the same material by repeating the operation of grabbing and moving composting material and releasing the material. Is,
There is an advantage that the stirring action of the material can be suppressed as much as possible. [0004] However, in the composting facility described in the above-mentioned academic journal, organic waste accumulated in an open fermenter is removed.
This is a repetition of the switching work of grabbing and moving and releasing the material, and since the fermenter is exposed to the outside, the odor generated at the time of fermentation can be released to the outside and the environmental degradation may be caused. is there. [0005] On the other hand, there is also known a composting facility in which an upper open portion of a fermenter is covered with a sealing sheet, and air is sucked and supplied from below the sedimentary layer to allow the sedimentary layer itself to perform biological fermentation to perform biological deodorization. However, such a tent-type composting facility has a problem that the whole facility is large and the efficiency of biological fermentation by inhalation and air supply is low in a composting facility that is divided into small sections. there were. [0006] In view of the above problems, the present invention efficiently converts organic waste in a fermentation tank and biological fermentation by suction and air supply even in a composting facility of a type divided into small sections. It is an object of the present invention to provide a composting treatment facility capable of activating the activity of microorganisms in organic waste and promoting fermentation and decomposition of organic waste. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a plurality of ferrite tanks each having a rectangular parallelepiped shape that can be opened at the top, and a long fermenter disposed above the plurality of fermenters. A long rail, a movable carriage provided to be movable in the horizontal direction along the long rail, an arm provided on the movable carriage and capable of vertically extending and retracting, a hoist for extending and retracting the arm, and a lower end of the arm And a crane-type compost-turning device formed from a gripping part attached to the crane-type compost-turning device. A movable trolley provided movably in the horizontal direction along the shape rail, a closed tent provided on the movable trolley and covering an upper part of the fermenter, a foldable sheet portion forming a side portion of the closed tent,
A winch for winding the seat portion up and down and an intake or exhaust duct connected to the closed tent were provided.
A technical measure was taken to provide a mobile closed tent. Accordingly, even in a composting facility of a type divided into small sections such as a primary fermentation tank, a secondary fermentation tank, and a post-ripening tank, for example, the organic waste can be separated for each tank by a crane-type compost turning device. Loading, unloading, mixing, loading,
In addition, by covering each layer with a movable closed tent, biofermentation can be performed efficiently by inhalation and air supply, and microbial deodorization can be performed in a post-ripening tank. Thus, the fermentation and decomposition of organic waste can be efficiently promoted. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a composting treatment facility of the present invention. The composting facility 1 shown in FIG.
The fermenter 3 divided into small sections on the lower floor
Are provided in parallel. The fermenter 3 is openable at the top, for example, having a height H of 4 to 5 m, a width W of 2 to 3 m,
The depth L is a cubic shape with a length of 3 to 4 m, and the fermenters are formed in a plurality of rows in the vertical direction and two rows in the horizontal direction. FIG. 1 shows a pretreatment step, a first aerobic fermentation step, and a second step.
A tank provided with functions such as an aerobic fermentation step, a microbial deodorization step, and an unloading step is provided. In the pre-treatment step, a livestock dropping tank 5 for opening the dumping port 4 and loading the excrement discharged from livestock is introduced.
And a rice husk storage tank 6 for storing rice hulls as a water adjusting material, a rice bran storage tank 7 for storing rice bran as a water adjusting material, and infiltration mixing for appropriately mixing manure and a water adjusting material A tank 8 is provided. The primary fermentation tank 9 in which the first aerobic fermentation step is performed is provided behind the infiltration and mixing tank 8, for example, primary fermentation tanks 9A, 9B and 9C divided into three small compartments.
In the primary fermentation tanks 9A, 9B, 9C, air supply pipes 10A, 10B, 10C extending in the lateral direction of the tank are embedded at the bottom, and the air supply pipes having a plurality of air supply holes are installed so as not to protrude from the bottom surface. (Not shown). The secondary fermentation tank 11 in which the second aerobic fermentation step is performed is provided behind the primary fermentation tank 9C, for example, the secondary fermentation tanks 11A, 11B, 11C divided into three small compartments.
Is provided. In the secondary fermentation tanks 11A, 11B, and 11C, air supply pipes 12A, 12B, and 12C that extend in the lateral direction of the tanks are embedded at the bottom like the primary fermentation tanks. It is installed so as not to protrude from the bottom surface (not shown). Further, after the microorganisms are deodorized, the maturing tank 13 is removed.
Are provided in the lateral direction of the tanks 5 to 8 in the pretreatment step, for example, after being divided into three small compartments, the maturing tanks 13A, 13B,
13C is provided. The post-ripening tanks 13A, 13B, 13C
As in the primary fermentation tank and the secondary fermentation tank, air supply pipes 14A, 14B, and 14C extending in the lateral direction of the tank are embedded at the bottom, so that the air supply pipe having a plurality of air supply holes does not protrude from the bottom surface. (Not shown). The number of the air supply pipes 10, 12, 14 in each of the tanks 9, 11, 13 may be set according to the size of each tank. Behind the post-ripening tank 13, product tanks 15, 16 are provided.
Is provided in the product tanks 15 and 16,
Wait until the ripe product is shipped as compost. Behind the product tank 16 is provided a product carrying tank 18 having a carry-out port 17 for shipping compost with the product. On the other hand, above the fermenter 3, there are provided elongated rails 19, 19 disposed near the middle layer of the building 2, and movably provided in the longitudinal direction along the elongated rails 19, 19. Of the movable trolley 20, an arm 21 provided on the movable trolley 20 and capable of vertically extending and contracting, and a hoist 22 and an arm 21 provided to extend and contract the arm 21 and to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the movable trolley 20. A crane-type compost turning device 24 formed by a grip portion 23 attached to the lower end is provided. The gripping portion 23 of the crane type compost turning device 24 is configured to be horizontally held by a pantograph-type arm 21. The gripping portion has a fork shape, and the pitch of each claw is attached at an interval of about 10 cm. Moisture is 60-8
If the organic waste material is about 0% wb, the material can be gripped without spilling from the gap between the claws. The crane type compost turning device 24 can carry in, carry out, mix, load, turn back, etc. the organic waste material to each tank. Further, above the crane type compost turning device 24, there are elongated rails 25, 25 arranged near the upper layer of the building 2, and they move in the longitudinal direction along the elongated rails 25, 25. A first movable truck 26 provided to be capable of being provided, a second movable truck 27 provided to the first movable truck 26 and provided to be movable in a longitudinal direction thereof, provided to the second movable truck 27,
A closed tent 28 covering the upper part of the fermenter 3, a foldable sheet portion 29 forming a side portion of the closed tent 28, a winch 30 for rolling up and down the sheet portion 29, and the inside of the closed tent 28. A movable closed tent 32 is provided with intake ducts 31A, 31B, 31C for processing the fermentation gas of the present invention. The closed tent 28 of the movable closed tent 32
Are provided with exhaust ports 33A, 33B, 33C,
Each of them is connected to the intake ducts 31A, 31B, 31C and from the intake ducts 31A, 31B, 31C is assembled by a communication pipe 34 and connected to the inlet side of the intake unit 35. The connecting pipe 34 is preferably formed in a flexible long connecting pipe so that air can be taken in the movable range of the movable closed tent 32, and may be configured to be movable with the movable closed tent 32. Further, a fresh air intake pipe 36 for taking in fresh air from the outside air is connected to the inlet side of the intake unit 35 via a flow rate adjusting valve 37. The outlet side of the suction unit 35 is connected to the suction port of a suction blower 39 through a pipe 38. The outlet of the air blower 39 is connected to the air feed headers 41A, 41B via the air feed pipe 40, and the flow control valves 42A, 42B,
42C, 43A, 43B, 43C.
A, 10B, 10C, 12A, 12B, 12C. Further, from the other air supply header 41B, each air supply pipe 14A, 1A is connected via a flow control valve 44A, 44B, 44C.
4B, 14C. The above flow control valves 37, 4
2, 43, 44 and the suction / air blower 39 constitute a suction / air supply facility. FIG. 2 shows such a composting treatment facility.
The operation will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the operation of the pretreatment step of the composting treatment facility. First, a receiving vehicle 45 such as a dump truck approaches the livestock dropping tank 5,
Unloading of organic waste such as livestock dung from the dump inlet 4 is performed. When the unloading is completed, the arm 21 of the crane type compost turning device 24 is extended, the organic waste is scooped by the grip portion 23, and further, the crane type compost turning device 2
4 is moved to the infiltration / mixing tank 8, and the organic waste is transferred to the infiltration / mixing tank 8. Rice hulls and rice bran as moisture adjusting materials are similarly transferred from the rice hull storage tank 6 and the rice bran storage tank 7 to the infiltration mixing tank 8 by the crane type compost turning device 24. At this time, the mixing ratio of the organic waste and the water conditioning material is such that if the water content of the organic waste is about 80% wb, the volume of the water conditioning material is four times larger than that of the organic waste. The water content can be adjusted to 20% wb. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing the functions of the primary fermentation tank 9, the secondary fermentation tank 11 and the post-ripening tank 13 in which the microorganisms are deodorized, which are the aerobic fermentation steps of the composting treatment facility. The organic waste mixed with the moisture adjusting material in the infiltration / mixing tank 8 is allowed to stand by in the infiltration / mixing tank 8 for about one day to adjust the moisture, and thereafter, the primary fermentation tank 9A, Transfer to 9B and 9C. When the organic waste is deposited in the primary fermenters 9A, 9B, and 9C, the movable closed tent 32 is then moved to the primary fermenter 9.
A, 9B, and 9C are moved upward, and the sheet portion 29 on the side surface portion is moved.
Down to the side wall of the primary fermenter 9 and the primary fermenters 9A, 9
Cover the upper space of B, 9C. Thereby, the high-temperature fermentation gas generated by fermenting the organic waste accumulated in the primary fermenters 9A, 9B, 9C is supplied to the closed tent 3.
2 will rise. At this time, at the time when the transfer of the organic waste to the primary fermenters 9A, 9B, and 9C is completed, the movable closed tent 32 and the crane-type compost turning device 24 do not interfere with each other. The crane-type compost turning device 24 may be controlled to be stopped. By operating the air blower 39, the fermentation gas in the primary fermenters 9A, 9B, 9C does not leak to the outside, and the exhaust ports 33A, 33B, It is sucked out from 33C. At this time, the inside of the closed tent 28 is slightly in a negative pressure state. The fermentation gas sucked out from the outlets 33A, 33B, 33C is supplied to the intake unit 35 by the connecting pipe 34.
In the suction unit 35, the fresh air is mixed with fresh fresh air introduced from the fresh air intake pipe 36 via the flow rate control valve 37, becomes a mixed fermentation gas, and is sucked into the suction air blower 39 via the pipe 38. . Then, the mixed fermentation gas discharged from the intake air blower 39 is supplied to the air supply pipe 40.
Through the air supply headers 41A, 41B, and flow control valves 42A, 42B, 42C, 43A, 43B, 43
C, 44A, 44B, and 44C, each air pipe 10A,
10B, 10C, 12A, 12B, 12C, 14A, 1
4B, 14C, and each tank 9A, 9B, 9C,
It is supplied into 11A, 11B, 11C, 13A, 13B, 13C and used for aerobic fermentation and deodorization of microorganisms. When the primary fermentation is completed, the closed tent 28
The side sheet 29 is raised by the winch 30 to open the space above the primary fermenters 9A, 9B, 9C. Then, the crane-type compost turning device 24 is operated to take out the primary fermentation products from the primary fermenters 9A, 9B, 9C, load them into the secondary fermenters 11A, 11B, 11C and turn them back. When the primary fermentation products are deposited in the secondary fermenters 11A, 11B and 11C, the movable closed tent 32 is similarly moved to the secondary fermenters 11A and 11C.
B, 11C is moved upward, and the sheet portion 29 on the side portion is lowered to the side wall of the secondary fermentation tank 11, and the secondary fermentation tank 11A,
The space above 11B and 11C is covered. Then, by feeding the mixed fermentation gas from below the secondary fermentation tank 11, the primary fermentation product is fermented again and made uniform. When the secondary fermentation is completed, the closed tent 28
The side sheet 29 is raised by the winch 30 to open the upper space of the secondary fermenters 11A, 11B, 11C. Then, the crane type compost turning device 24 is operated, and the secondary fermentation products are supplied to the secondary fermenters 11A, 11B,
Take out from 11C, post-ripening tanks 13A, 13B, 13C
And then switch back. When the secondary fermentation product is deposited in the post-ripening tanks 13A, 13B, and 13C, the movable closed tent 32 is similarly moved to the post-ripening tanks 13A, 13B, and 1C.
3C, move the sheet 29 on the side to the post-ripening tank 1
3 to the side walls of the post-ripening tanks 13A, 13B, 13C.
To cover the space above. Then, the mixed fermentation gas is fed from below the post-ripening tank 13 to ripen the product and perform microbial deodorization to obtain a product. After that, in the maturing tank 13,
Microorganism deodorization can be performed in an open state without covering the upper space with the movable closed tent 32. The product fully ripened in the post-ripening tank 13 waits in the product tanks 15 and 16 until it is shipped as compost. When the compost is shipped as a product, it is shipped from the outlet 17 of the product discharge tank 18. As shown in FIG. 4, the fermentation temperature of the organic waste accumulated in the primary fermentation tank 9 reaches a peak on the first day after the start of fermentation, and the fermentation decomposition action becomes active. The concentration of generated carbon dioxide gas is high up to half a day. Therefore, 2
By setting the air intake volume up to the second day to twice the air volume after the second day, it is possible to reduce the leakage of the fermentation gas out of the primary fermenter 9 and to reduce the air volume except during the active fermentation period. Prevent temperature decrease of compost and maintain fermentation for a long time (3
Until the day, keep the fermentation temperature of the compost above 65 ° C. ) Can produce a uniform and ripe compost. As described above, a plurality of cubic fermenters having an open upper part, a long rail disposed above the plurality of fermenters, and the long rail A movable trolley provided to be movable in the horizontal direction along the trolley, an arm provided on the movable trolley and capable of vertically extending and retracting operation, a hoist for extending and retracting the arm, and a gripper attached to the lower end of the arm And a crane-type compost-turning device to be provided, and a long rail above the crane-type compost-turning device.
A movable trolley provided to be movable in the horizontal direction along the long rail, a closed tent provided on the movable trolley and covering an upper part of the fermenter, and a collapsible tent forming a side portion of the closed tent. It is provided with a movable closed hermetic tent having a sheet portion, a winch for winding the sheet portion up and down, and an intake duct for processing fermentation gas in the hermetic type tent. Even in composting facilities of the type divided into small compartments such as fermentation tanks and post-ripening tanks, the loading, unloading, mixing, loading, switching back and forth of organic waste materials for each tank by a crane type compost switching device
Etc., and by covering the movable closed tent for each layer, the biological fermentation by suction and air supply is performed independently, and furthermore, the microorganisms are deodorized in the post-ripening tank, The fermentation and decomposition of organic waste can be efficiently promoted.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a composting treatment facility of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an operation of a pretreatment step in a composting treatment facility. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the operation of a primary fermenter, which serves as an aerobic fermentation step in a composting treatment facility, and a post-ripening tank in which secondary fermentation and microbial deodorization are performed. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for controlling the amount of air to be blown and inhaled by the fermentation temperature and carbon dioxide concentration of organic waste generated in the course of fermentation in a fermenter. [Description of Signs] 1 Composting treatment facility 2 Building 3 Fermenter 4 Dump input port 5 Livestock drop-in tank 6 Rice husk storage tank 7 Rice bran storage tank 8 Infiltration mixing tank 9 Primary fermentation tank 10 Air supply pipe 11 Secondary fermentation tank 12 Transmission Trachea 13 Post-ripening tank 14 Air supply pipe 15 Product tank 16 Product tank 17 Unloading port 18 Product unloading tank 19 Elongated rail 20 Moving trolley 21 Arm 22 Hoist 23 Gripping part 24 Crane type compost turning device 25 Elongated rail 26 First Moving cart 27 Second moving cart 28 Hermetic tent 29 Seat 30 Winch 31 Intake duct 32 Movable hermetic tent 33 Exhaust port 34 Communication pipe 35 Intake unit 36 Fresh air intake pipe 37 Flow control valve 38 Piping 39 Intake air blower 40 Air supply pipe 41 Air supply header 42 Flow control valve 43 Flow control valve 44 Flow control valve 45 Receiving vehicle

   ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page    F term (reference) 4D004 AA02 AA03 AC04 BA04 CA19                       CA48 CB03 CB04 CB21 CC02                       CC08                 4D059 AA01 AA05 AA07 AA08 BA03                       BA42 BA44 BA48 BA51 CC01                       DB33                 4H061 AA03 CC36 CC51 CC55 GG01                       GG02 GG12 GG41 GG48 GG67                       GG70

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. A plurality of cubic fermenters having an openable upper portion, a long rail disposed above the plurality of fermenters, and along the long rail. And a movable trolley provided to be movable in the horizontal direction, an arm provided on the movable trolley and capable of vertically expanding and contracting, a hoist for expanding and contracting the arm, and a gripper attached to the lower end of the arm. A crane-type compost-turning device, comprising a crane-type compost-turning device, further above the crane-type compost-turning device, a long rail, capable of moving horizontally along the long rail. A movable trolley provided, a closed tent provided on the movable trolley and covering the upper part of the fermenter, a foldable sheet portion forming a side portion of the closed tent, a winch for rolling up and down the sheet portion and a front winch; With an intake duct for processing fermentation gas in the sealed tent, composting treatment facility, characterized in that a mobile sealed tent.