JP2000118511A - Printing sheet binder - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To directly couple and integrate a carry-in part, a collection part and a binding part with one another by providing, as the carry-in part for acquiring printing sheets, a partitioning portion for making a space in a flow of the printing sheets as needed and a partition eliminating portion for eliminating unnecessary spaces in the flow. SOLUTION: The binder 1 for collecting and binding printing sheets W fed out from a rotary press or the like while arranging the sheets W comprises a carry-in part 2, a collection part 3, a bind preparing part 4 and a binding part 5. The carry-in part 2 includes a centering conveyer 8 located at its inlet end, a partitioning portion 9 for making a space between the printing sheets at required positions in a flow of the printing sheets which are continuously placed flatly with a part overlapped, a defective sheet discharging portion 11, and a partition eliminating portion 12 for eliminating the space at an unnecessary portion which occurs when some of the printing sheets W are discharged out of a path as defective sheets or when the printing sheets W are manually extracted as a sample.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a printing book binding apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Some apparatuses for collecting and binding printing books sent out from a rotary press or the like while aligning them in a columnar form include:
There is a so-called vertical stub, in which print books are stacked by being vertically aligned while being arranged vertically on a horizontal alignment table (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-27).
No. 79, JP-A-8-113410, JP-A-7-110
No. 33309). In this case, the "vertical direction" used as a reference in "aligning vertically" refers to the horizontal direction in which the stacked forms extend when the printed books in the upright position are arranged in an overlapping manner. . And, below,
In this specification, a direction orthogonal to this direction in a horizontal plane as well as this vertical direction is referred to as a “lateral direction”.

In this type of binding apparatus (hereinafter, referred to as a "vertical stub" in the related art), the printing books are aligned from above an alignment table (provided at the same level as the binding work position). The mainstream is to adopt a method of lowering and supplying a print book already in an upright position. In this method, it becomes a bottleneck because a transport path for temporarily raising the print book to a predetermined level becomes a bottleneck, and it becomes difficult to effectively use the floor area in the factory. It is common to set such a considerably high level and use the lower part as another working space, passage or the like. However, for this reason, the line length of the entire vertical stanvan was long and widened.

Further, in the case of the vertical stub, it is needless to say that not only the stacking section having the above-mentioned alignment table as a core but also the paper feeding device and the binding machine need to be connected to the stacking section. It is necessary to attach various devices such as a settling device, a pressurized deaerator, a defective product discharging device, and the like upstream of the collecting section. The slicing device creates a space between the necessary printing sheets in a continuous printing book flow while partially overlapping, and this space generates one unit of the number of copies. (To separate).

The pressurized deaerator is for bleeding air from a mountain-folded portion of a printing book to clarify the fold (to make a slash). The defective product discharging device is for discharging a defective product called a scrap from a printing book flow, in which printing errors, dirt, wrinkles, tears and the like have occurred. Therefore, the necessity of securing an installation space for such various devices has also been one of the causes of increasing the line length.

[0006]

In the conventional vertical stub, the line length becomes long as described above, and as a result, it has to be constructed on a factory scale. In addition, there were the following: In other words, when a defective product is discharged by the defective product discharge device, or when a sample is manually extracted from the flow of a printed book, the number of printed sheets arranged in the stacking unit is less than the prescribed number, This needs to be fixed, as it is inconvenient.

However, in order to correct this, it has been extremely difficult to incorporate a mechanism that can automatically correct the problem, due to the long line length as described above. For this reason, it is difficult to directly connect the upstream side including the defective product discharging device (such as a spinning device or a pressurized deaerator) and the downstream side (such as a stacking unit or a bundling device). Therefore, integration as a single device was impossible (that is, the scale of a factory).

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is intended to enable the integration (miniaturization) as an apparatus to drastically reduce the line length.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a binding device for booklets, which can save space in the entire factory and increase the degree of freedom of device arrangement.

[0009]

According to the present invention, the following technical measures have been taken in order to achieve the above object. That is, the bookbinding apparatus according to the present invention has a configuration in which the booklets are arranged in a vertically long state while being arranged side by side, and then are bound. And a cut-off section for eliminating unnecessary space generated in the printing book flow. For this reason, after taking in the print book at a level lower than the binding work position, the carry-in section for raising the print book to a level higher than the binding work position, and supplying the lifted print book to the same level as the binding work position in a descending manner. The stacking unit that vertically aligns in a vertical state and the binding unit that binds the aligned booklet stack are directly connected and integrated with each other,
That is, it can be integrated as one device.

In terms of the structure, the cut-off elimination section need only be provided with a step-down section directed downstream on the printing-sheet transport surface. That is, when it is necessary to eliminate unnecessary space that is not a legitimate break, the transport surface downstream from the stepped portion is temporarily stopped, and only the upstream transport surface is driven. By doing so, it is possible to reduce the space generated in the book flow. Thus, the structure can be simplified and the space can be reliably eliminated. If a centering conveyor is provided with the secondary end as a fulcrum and the primary end can be swung in the left and right direction with respect to the entrance end of the carry-in part, the rotary press or rotary press and There is an advantage that the alignment with the conveyor connecting the binding device can be facilitated.

The carry-in section can be provided with a pressurized and deaerated section for the book, but the pressurized and deaerated section is configured to be capable of adjusting the pressing force so that the thickness and the waist of the book can be adjusted. The strength of
It becomes possible to cope with a difference in the number of layers. If the carry-in section is provided with a non-defective product discharge section in addition to the defective product discharge section that discharges defective products, troubles will occur somewhere in this device,
When the operation is stopped, the non-defective product can be temporarily taken out of the route, so that it is possible to prevent the adverse effect from being exerted on the operation of the rotary press or the like.

In this case, if a defective product discharging section is positioned at the beginning of the path and a non-defective product removing section is positioned in the middle of the path by using a path for lifting the print book from the carry-in level to a predetermined level, This makes it possible to effectively utilize space, which is convenient for making the apparatus compact. The stacking unit may be provided with vertical compression means for applying a counter pressure between both ends of the booklet stack to make the binding state dense. This vertical compression means is a pressure regulator using a powder clutch in order to deal with differences in the thickness and the number of overlaps of the print book and to prevent scratches and wrinkles on the print book, It is preferable that the pressure is adjusted.

[0013] Between the stacking unit and the binding unit, there may be provided a paper supply unit for supplying the paper to both ends of the booklet stack aligned in the stacking unit. In this case, it is preferable that the paper supply unit be capable of supplying the paper or the plate as needed to the booklet stack.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. [1]. Overall Configuration FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a bundling apparatus 1 of book blocks according to the present invention. This binding device 1 is a printing book W
When roughly classified according to the flow of, the configuration includes a carry-in section 2, an accumulation section 3, a binding preparation section 4, and a binding section 5. The control unit 7 includes a touch screen 7a and the like.

The carry-in section 2 takes in the printing book W sent from a rotary press (not shown) at a lower level than the binding operation position X, and then raises it to a level higher than the binding operation position X. . In the present embodiment, the printing book W is placed in a continuous flat state while overlapping a part of the mountain-folded side, and is conveyed in such a manner that the mountain-folded side precedes. I do. In addition, the accumulation unit 3
This is to arrange the book W pulled up by the carry-in section 2 upside down at the same level as the bundling work position X while turning the transport direction upside down, and then vertically align the book at this level. .

The binding preparation unit 4 supplies the paper Y to both ends in the longitudinal direction of the book stack S aligned by the stacking unit 3 or compresses and binds the book stack S in the longitudinal direction. Or the print book assembly S is moved to a predetermined binding work position X.
Or move it to And the binding unit 5
Is a place where a string is hung on the book stack S prepared in a predetermined state by the binding preparing unit 4 and bound. In the control unit 7, the paper quality, thickness (grams per unit area), presence / absence of folding, number of overlaps,
By inputting the number of stacking (binding) copies and the like in advance through the touch screen 7a and the like, the program is programmed so that detailed position setting and the like in each section is automatically performed. Therefore, it is possible to very easily and quickly respond to a lot change or the like. [2]. Starting from the centering conveyor 8 positioned at the entrance end, the carry-in part carry-in part 2 is thereafter replaced with a cut-off part 9, a pressurized degassing part 10, a defective product discharge part 11, a cut-off elimination part 12, and a non-defective product take-out part. 13 are provided in this order. [2-]. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the centering conveyor 8 is a conveyor having a short conveying distance provided on a base frame 16 via a horizontal moving table 17 and a vertical swing table 18. The transport surface 8a may be a belt conveyor as shown, or may be a rope conveyor, a roller roller conveyor, or the like.

The horizontal moving table 17 is held by a rolling support 19 on a base frame 16, and its secondary end is connected to an apparatus body frame 21 via a swivel joint 20. Further, on the primary end side, a left / right position adjusting unit 22 using a feed screw mechanism is provided. Therefore, by operating the left / right position adjustment unit 22, the primary end of the transport surface 8a can be swung right and left around the swivel joint 20 as a fulcrum. The vertical swing table 18 has a secondary end connected to the horizontal moving table 17 through a hinge 23, and an adjust mechanism 26 between the upper and lower brackets 24 and 25 at the primary end. ing. Therefore, by operating the adjustment mechanism 26, the height of the primary end side of the transport surface 8a can be adjusted vertically using the hinge portion 23 as a fulcrum.

By providing such a centering conveyor 8, when the binding device 1 is installed, positioning with a rotary press (not shown), an upstream conveyor 28 (see FIG. 1), and the like can be easily performed. It has become something. The centering conveyor 8 may be provided outside the machine as the binding device 1 (an appropriate position on the upstream side). [2-]. The cutting section 9 has substantially the same operation principle as that described in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 8-5179, and FIG.
As shown in the figure, a base conveyor 30, a lift 31 provided at a lower portion thereof for a predetermined distance of the transfer surface 30 a of the base conveyor 30, and a base conveyor 30 above the secondary end side of the lift 31 The main stopper 32 is provided so as to be opposed to the main stopper 32 via the transfer surface 30a, and the main stopper 32 is provided so as to be able to swing up and down with a swing shaft 33 disposed on the primary side as a fulcrum as the main stopper 32 moves up and down. And a slide stopper 34.

As the base conveyor 30, a plurality of narrow belts 35 are installed in parallel as shown in FIG. On the other hand, the elevating table 31 is provided with each of these narrow belts 3.
5, the plate upper surface 31a is moved up and down. The slide stopper 34 moves along the base conveyor 30 while moving the respective plate upper surfaces 31 a of the lift table 31.
Has a pressing roller 36 that is provided so as to be able to roll in correspondence with. The elevating table 31 is raised and lowered by a lifting driver 37, and the main stopper 32 and the slide stopper 34 are raised and lowered by a lifting driver 38. A fluid pressure cylinder or the like is used for each of the elevation driving tools 37 and 38. In the slide stopper 34, the movement of the pressing roller 36 along the base conveyor 30 is performed by a linear driving tool 39 such as a rodless cylinder.

In view of the above, the cut-off section 9 holds the printing paper W conveyed on the base conveyor 30 between the upper and lower portions by the raising and lowering of the elevating table 31 and the lowering of the main stopper 32. The flow is stopped, and a space (separation) for separation can be formed here. Further, at this time, the pressing roller 36 is moved backward from the secondary side to the primary side by the slide stopper 34 so that the book W does not turn over and the congestion is not complicated after the above space. So that it can be leveled. [2-]. The pressure deaeration unit 10 is configured by providing a pair of upper and lower press rollers 44 and 45 near the secondary side end of the base conveyor 30 with the transport surface 30a interposed therebetween. .

In the pressurized deaeration unit 10, a bearing 46 for rotatably holding the upper press roller 44 is provided on the swing shaft 4.
7 and is supported so as to be swingable up and down, and is hung by a suspension shaft 48 provided between the press roller 44 and the swing shaft 47. As shown in FIG. 6, the suspension shaft 48 penetrates a bracket 50 provided on the device frame 21 and projects upward. The bracket 50 is provided with a sleeve 51 for externally fitting the suspension shaft 48 and guiding its vertical movement.
A bevel gear 52 is externally fitted around the sleeve 51, so that the sleeve 51 also functions as a bush for rotatably holding the bevel gear 52.

A hollow bolt 53 inserted through the suspension shaft 48 is fixed to the bevel gear 52.
A lifting nut 54 is screwed into 3. Although not shown, the lifting nut 54 is rotatable relative to the hollow bolt 53 (screwable rotation) but is not rotatable with respect to the suspension shaft 48, and only vertical movement thereof is permitted. It has such a guide means. At the upper end of the suspension shaft 48, a spring stopper 56 for fixing a resilient material 55 such as a coil spring between the lifting shaft 54 and the lifting nut 54 is fixed.

Needless to say, the bevel gear 52 and the hollow bolt 53 are held so as not to move up and down. An input bevel gear 58 provided on the operation handle 57 is meshed with the bevel gear 52. Such a structure with respect to the suspension shaft 48 is provided not only at one end but also at both ends of the press roller 44. Therefore, operation handles 57 are also provided separately for the left and right sides (see FIG. 5). For this reason, in the pressurized deaeration unit 10, the print book W is crushed between the press rollers 44 and 45, and air is released from the mountain-folded portion and between the overlaps of the print book W, and The folds are clarified by extending the wrinkles of the printed paper W, and the printed book W is made into a shampoo.

If the left and right operation handles 57 are operated as required, the hollow bolt 53 rotates through the bevel gears 58 and 52, and the lifting nut 54 moves up and down. Since the amount of compression changes, as a result, the amount of vertical movement of the press roller 44, that is, the pressing force (total amount and left / right balance) of the pressurizing and deaerator 10 can be adjusted. [2-]. As shown in FIG. 7, a defective product discharging unit 11 includes a flap conveyor 60 provided subsequent to the base conveyor 30 described above.
And a discharge conveyor 61 provided below the flap conveyor 60.

The defective product discharging section 11 is positioned just at the start end of the path for lifting the book W from the carry-in level as the carry-in section 2. In this position, when the lower drum 62 for winding up the path is arranged, an empty space tends to be generated in the front and rear portions, the lower portion, and the like of the lower drum 62. It can be said that the space is effectively used. The flap conveyor 60 has a swing shaft 63 on the secondary end side, and the primary end side can be flush with the base conveyor 30 or can be flipped upward. The swing driving of the flap conveyor 60 is performed by pushing and pulling a lever 64 protruding radially outward around a swing shaft 63 by a driving tool 65 such as a fluid pressure cylinder.

From the above, the defective product discharging unit 1
In 1, the flap conveyor 60 stands by with its primary end side flush with the base conveyor 30 and stands by, and a defective product called a crawl caused by printing mistakes, dirt, wrinkles, tears, etc. from a rotary press (not shown). , A defective product detection signal is generated from a defective product sensor (not shown) provided at an appropriate position in the transport path, or an artificial operation signal is transmitted. Then, the flap conveyor 60 jumps up its primary end.

Accordingly, this allows the base conveyor 30
The defective product of the book W conveyed by the discharge conveyor 6
Flowed out to 1. The flap conveyor 60 returns to the original standby state when the various operation signals expire (count up) or are canceled. [2-]. The cut- off removing unit 12 has a downstream position between the transfer surface 60a on the secondary end side of the flap conveyor 60 of the defective product discharge unit 11 and the transfer surface 68a that follows it. This is configured by forming a step drop portion 69.

That is, in the flow of the printing book W, an unnecessary space may be generated in addition to the space intentionally formed by the cut-off portion 9 described above. The space needs to be eliminated before reaching the accumulation unit 3. This unnecessary space may be, for example, when the defective product discharge unit 11 discharges some of the defective prints W out of the path or when the prints W are sampled manually. Occurs sometimes. Therefore, when this unnecessary space reaches the flap conveyor 60, the transport surface 68a downstream of the step-down portion 69 is temporarily stopped, and the flap conveyor 60 and the base conveyor 30 further upstream thereof are temporarily stopped. Then, drive is continued. In this way, unnecessary space generated in the flow of the book W can be reduced.

By the way, the space generated in the flow of the book W can be automatically detected relatively easily by using an appropriate sensor. ) Or unnecessary space: 1. Whether or not the cutoff section 9 has been activated a predetermined time before the detection of the space. 2. Whether or not the defective product discharge unit 11 has been activated immediately before the detection of the space. 3. Whether an unneeded space detection signal is output from a space detection sensor or a rotary press provided on the upstream side of the cutoff section 9.

4. Whether an artificial unnecessary space discovery signal has been issued. A judgment circuit for judging various conditions may be provided in the control unit 7 or the like. [2-]. The non-defective product extraction unit 13 is configured by providing a split conveyor 73 and a split guide 74 to the hoisting conveyor 72 configured around the lower drum 62 described above.

That is, the hoisting conveyor 72 has the inner endless belt 7 around which the lower drum 62 is wound.
5 and an outer endless band 76 circumscribed from the lower side of the lower drum 62 so as to be circumscribed.
The print book W is nipped and conveyed by the area where the inner and outer endless belts 75 and 76 overlap around the circumference 2. Then, with respect to the hoisting conveyor 72, on the exit side of the above-mentioned overlapping region, the outer endless belt 76 is kept lower than the rising height of the inner endless belt 75. An upwardly extending portion is to be created, and this portion is supplemented by the diversion conveyor 73.

The non-defective product take-out section 13 thus installed
Corresponds to the middle of the path for lifting the print book W from the carry-in level as the carry-in section 2, and this position faces the outer side surface of the binding apparatus 1, and thus is regarded as a non-defective product. Not only is it easy to take out the printed book W, but also the stock of the taken out good product can be used without interfering with other device parts and the like, resulting in effective use of space. The shunt conveyor 73 is configured such that the primary end side (lower end side) is a swing shaft 77, and the secondary end side thereof can be along the inner endless belt 75, or can be turned sideways in the separating direction. The swing driving of the split flow conveyor 73 is performed by a driving tool 78 such as a fluid pressure cylinder.

The split flow guide 74 is swung about a swing shaft 77 so as to pass through the inner endless band 75 while not interfering with the inner endless band 75 of the hoisting conveyor 72. Book W being conveyed in the ascending direction
It is now possible to abut. This diversion guide 74
When the shunt conveyor 73 turns sideways, it swings in a follow-up manner at the same timing. The swing drive of the flow dividing guide 74 is performed by moving a lever 79 projecting radially outward around a swing shaft 77 to a driving tool 8 such as a fluid pressure cylinder.
The structure is performed by pushing and pulling with 0.
The split conveyor 73 is on standby with its secondary end side along the inner endless belt 75 of the hoisting conveyor 72.

From the above, the non-defective product extraction unit 13
Then, when a trouble or the like occurs somewhere in the binding device 1 and the operation is stopped, or when an artificial operation signal is sent, the shunt conveyor 73 and the shunt cover 74 are swung in the sideways direction. It has become. Therefore, thereafter, the printing book W conveyed upward by the hoisting conveyor 72 will be described.
Is discharged to the extra conveyor 82 (see FIG. 1). Thus, the operation of the rotary press (not shown) or the like can always be continued.

The diversion conveyor 73 returns to the original standby state when a trouble is solved. [3]. In FIG. 1, the stacking unit 3 includes an alignment table 85 provided at the same level as the binding work position X,
5 has a descending supply unit 86 provided above the primary end side and a vertical feeding means 87 provided along the alignment table 85. [3-]. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the alignment table 85 is formed as an upper surface on the upper side of a flat feed conveyor 91 formed by laying a plurality of narrow belts 90 in parallel. . This flat feed conveyor 91
The upper tension side (that is, the portion forming the alignment table 85) can be driven so as to face the binding preparation unit 4 (the drive structure is not shown).

Needless to say, the alignment table 85
Is to act as a bearing surface when arranging the print books W in a line. [3-]. As shown in FIG. 10, the descending supply unit 86
The outlet side is directed to the alignment table 85 by an upside-down reversing conveyor 96 (see FIG. 1). The descending supply unit 86 includes a height direction size changing mechanism 97 and a warp adjusting mechanism 98.
And are attached.

That is, the upside down conveyor 96 has an inner endless belt 100 wound around the upper drum 94 inside, and an outer endless belt 101 provided circumscribing the upper drum 94 from above. Further, the print book W is nipped and conveyed by an area where the inner and outer endless bands 100 and 101 overlap around the upper drum 94. Then, on the outlet side of the above-mentioned overlapping region, the outer endless belt 101 is kept lower than the drooping height of the inner endless belt 100 with respect to the upside-down conveyor 96, so that the inner endless belt 100 is independently lowered downward. , And the print books W are ejected and arranged vertically at this portion.

It should be noted that the upside-down reversing conveyor 96 is designed so that maintenance can be easily performed in the case where a non-defective product is taken out by the above-described non-defective product extraction section 13 (shunt conveyor 73) or a subsequent recovery operation fails. For this purpose, a rear butterfly portion 102 is additionally provided. [3-a]. As shown in FIG. 11, the size changing mechanism 97 moves the elevating frame 104 held up and down along the guide rail 103 in the erecting direction to the number of the outer endless belts 101 used in the upside down conveyor 96. A plurality of vertical brackets 105 according to
5, a pair of wheels 106 and 107 for bridging the outer endless belt 101 is provided.

The lifting frame 104 has a structure in which the vertical position can be manually adjusted via a feed screw mechanism 108 or the like. Therefore, in the size changing mechanism 97, the height of the lower wheel 107 with respect to the alignment table 85, that is, the printing book, is adjusted by adjusting the vertical position of the lifting frame 104 via the feed screw mechanism 108 and the like. The discharge height can be adjusted according to the size of W. [3-b]. The warp adjustment mechanism 98 is, as shown in FIGS.
The vertical bracket 105 is held by the pivot frame 110 so as to be swingable by the pivot frame 110, and the nut member 111 provided on the vertical bracket 105 is controlled by the access control provided on the vertical frame 104 side. This is a structure in which the bolt 112 is screwed.

Therefore, by adjusting the degree of screwing of the in / out adjusting bolt 112, the inclination of the vertically long bracket 105 around the pivot 110 can be changed, whereby the degree of ingress / exit of the lower wheel 107 can be made different. It has become. Further, as shown in FIG. 10, a back-up body 113 is provided at a back position between the inner endless belt 100 of the vertically inverted conveyor 96 so as to correspond to the wheel 107 on the lower side of the vertically long bracket 105. Although not shown, the backup body 113 also has a structure (back-end wheel 114) that enables backup so as to synchronize with the ingress and egress of the wheel 107.
Can be adjusted individually or backed up by a flexible or elastic plate-shaped material).

For this reason, the warp adjusting mechanism 9
In FIG. 8, it is possible to set the printed books W to be arranged in an upright state as shown in FIG. 13, or to set the printed books W to an outward warp state as shown in FIG. The waist strength (that is, the certainty of the standing posture due to the degree of warpage of the printing book W) can be adjusted. [3-]. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the vertical feeding means 86 is, as already shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a side closer to the descending supply unit 86 with respect to the flat feeding conveyor 91 forming the alignment table 85 (right side in FIG. 8). To the first, second, and third moving bodies 120, 121, and 122, respectively.
Is provided. Also,
Among them, the vertical compression means 123 is configured between the second moving body 121 and the third moving body 122.

First, second and third moving bodies 120 and 12
The reference numerals 1 and 122 are movably held along a common guide rail 125. The first, second, and third moving bodies 120, 121, and 122 can be independently driven to move by separate winding driving means 126, 127, and 128, respectively. Among them, the winding driving means 12 for driving at least the third moving body 122
8 is provided with a pressure regulator 130 in the transmission path from the drive wheel 129. The pressure regulator 130 uses a powder clutch whose set value can be controlled by remote control.

The first moving body 120 includes a lifting drive 132
A main fork 133 that moves up and down is provided. The second moving body 121 is provided with a holder 135 that moves up and down by a raising and lowering driving tool 134.
The front holder 13 which is raised and lowered by the lifting drive
7 are provided. Each lifting drive 132, 134, 1
For each of the 36, a fluid pressure cylinder or the like is used. Also, a plurality of main forks 133, rear holders 135, and front holders 137 are arranged side by side (all in the illustrated example) so as to be able to protrude upward through the installation of each narrow belt 90 in the flat feed conveyor 91. Three)
Having a protruding shape.

The main fork 133, the rear holder 135, and the front holder 137 are connected to each of the elevation driving tools 132,
When it is raised by 134 and 136, the height of the book W on the alignment table 85 is substantially equal to the height of the printed book W, and when it is lowered, it is lower than the alignment table 85. , The ascending / descending range is set. The main fork 133 mainly interrupts a space (separation) formed in the flow of the book W in the separation part 9 (see FIGS. 1 and 5) of the carry-in part 2 and separates the number of stacks. Used for The main fork 133 is connected to the first, second, and third moving bodies 1.
The side surface is formed in an L-shape so that when the members 20, 121 and 122 are brought closer to each other, they can pass through the rear holder 135 and line up with the front holder 137.

The rear holder 135 and the front holder 137
Is mainly used to hold the vertical position of each of the prints W in the process of arranging the prints W, and to maintain the standing posture of each of the prints W, or the state of stacking after stacking, that is, the print stack It is used to vertically feed S toward the binding preparation unit 4. The front holder 137 is held via a bracket 140 whose side surface is crank-cracked in order to ensure the horizontal alignment with the main fork 133 as described above.

The main fork 133 and the rear holder 1
35, the front holder 137 is a lifting drive 132, 134, 1
36, the details of the movement of the first to third moving bodies 120 to 122, and the vertical compression means 123.
Will be described later. [4]. As shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the binding preparation unit 4 is located at the end position when the print stack S is longitudinally fed by the vertical feeding means 86 (the flat feeding conveyor 91 or the like) of the stacking unit 3. Is a working position Z, and around this working position Z,
The paper supply unit 145, the press unit 146, and the horizontal feed unit 147 are provided. [4-]. The paper supply unit 145 includes a paper stocker 150 that stores the paper Y in a stacked state, a takeout unit 151 that takes out the uppermost paper Y one by one from the paper stocker 150, and a takeout unit 151 that takes out the paper Y. And a delivery unit 152 for sorting and delivering the paper Y taken out by the unit 151 to the front and rear sides of the work position Z.

The paper stocker 150 has a structure in which the support table 154 on which the paper Y is placed is moved up and down by, for example, a feed screw mechanism (not shown) provided in a vertical direction. It is preferable that a guide (not shown) for stabilizing the mounting state of the paper Y is provided on the support base 154. In particular, the guide is designed to be compatible with a plurality of types of paper sizes. ,
It is preferred that the position can be adjusted in a plane.
Also, the target paper Y in the target paper stocker 150 includes paper having the same thickness as the book W, including cardboard, corrugated cardboard, and the like, and further includes a target plate formed of veneer plywood or the like. There are things.

The take-out section 151 is made up of a lifting table 156 and a horizontal moving table 157, and
8, the descending / upward movement on the paper stocker 150,
It is configured to make a forward movement toward the delivery section 152, a descending / upward movement on the delivery section 152 side, and a backward movement toward the paper stocker. The vertical movement of the elevating table 156 and the vertical movement of the horizontal moving table 157 are both performed using driving tools 160 and 161 such as fluid pressure cylinders. Of course, the suction cup 158 is air-pipe to a suction device (not shown) or the like.

The delivery section 152 has a front delivery section 164 and a rear delivery section 165. The front delivery section 164 includes a front swing-down conveyor 168 having one end nearer to the paper stocker 150 as a swing shaft 167 and the other end swingable between a horizontal position and a position directly below the same. The chute conveyor 169 receives the sheet Y when the down swing conveyor 168 is turned downward and sends it downward, and waits at the upper surface level of the work position Z (the flat feed conveyor 91) to send the sheet Y from the chute conveyor 169. And a front clamper 170 for holding the receiver in an upright state.

The front swing-down conveyor 168 has a transporting distance capable of completely supporting even the largest sheet of the target paper Y. When the paper Y is in a horizontal state, it is unloaded. The paper support surface 168a for receiving the paper Y from the portion 151 is formed, and also serves as a bridge to the post-delivery portion 165. The vertical swinging of the front swing-down conveyor 168 is performed by a driving tool (not shown) such as a fluid pressure cylinder. Further, as shown in FIG. 17, the front clamper 170 includes a back plate 171 for leaning the paper Y.
However, a small clamp device 172 is additionally provided.

The front clamper 170 is provided with a lateral groove 173 which is provided at a position near the lower side and which extends toward the binding portion 5. The lateral groove 173 is provided in a lateral feed portion 1 described later.
47. On the other hand, the post-delivery unit 1
65 is a front swing down conveyor 168 of the front delivery section 164.
Is in a horizontal state, the transfer conveyor 175 provided to follow the transfer conveyor 175, and the transfer conveyor 17
5 is a swing shaft 176, the other end of which is swingable between a horizontal position and a position directly below the rear swing-back conveyor 177, and when the rear swing-down conveyor 177 is turned downward, And a rear clamper 178 for directly receiving Y and holding it in an upright state.

[0052] For the rear down swing conveyor 177,
Like the front down swing conveyor 168, the transport distance is such that the largest one of the target papers Y can be completely supported. The vertical swing is performed by a driving tool (not shown) such as a fluid pressure cylinder. The rear clamper 178 is moved from the lower end position when the rear swing down conveyor 177 is turned downward.
It can be moved up and down to the upper surface level of the work position Z (flat feed conveyor 91). The lifting and lowering is performed by a driving tool (not shown) such as a fluid pressure cylinder.

As shown in FIG. 18, the rear clamper 178 has a back plate 18 on which the paper Y leans.
0 is provided with a small clamp device 181. Note that the rear clamper 178 is also provided with a lateral groove 183 that is drawn out toward the binding portion 5 at a position near the lower side. This lateral groove 183 is also used in a lateral feed portion 147 described later. Therefore, the paper supply unit 145 controls the paper stocker 15
0, one sheet Y is taken out by the take-out section 151 and transferred to the sheet support surface 168a of the delivery section 152. First, in the front delivery section 164, the front swing-down conveyor 168 is pressed. Take paper Y into a fully supported state,
After that, it swings downward.

Then, the front down swing conveyor 168
From the front clamper 17 via the chute conveyor 169
This paper Y is supplied to 0, and the paper Y is held upright by the front clamper 170. Further, one sheet of the sheet Y is taken out again by the next operation of the sheet stocker 150 and the take-out section 151, and this is sent to the delivery section 1.
When the paper Y is transferred onto the paper bearing surface 168a of the paper 52, the paper Y is sent to the transfer conveyor 75 of the post-delivery unit 165, while the front swing-down conveyor 168 is kept horizontal. Then, after the rear swing down conveyor 177 takes in the paper Y in a completely supported state, it swings downward.

At this time, the rear clamper 178 is waiting at the raised position, receives the supply of the paper Y from the rear swing down conveyor 177, and stands up and holds the paper Y at this time. Thereafter, the rear clamper 178 is lowered to the upper surface level of the work position Z (the flat feed conveyor 91). As described above, the fact that the front down swinging conveyor 168 and the rear down swinging conveyor 177 have a transport distance capable of taking the paper Y in a completely supported state means that the paper Y is a paper (ie, Measures that do not bend). [4-]. The press section 146 presses the front clamper 170 and the rear clamper 178 of the paper supply section 145 with press bodies 146a and 146b extending toward the binding section 5, respectively.
And the clampers 1 before and after these
70, 178 (press bodies 146a, 146b) can be moved relatively close to each other, and can be given a predetermined pressure or more against this moving force.

That is, as shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the front clamper 170 is movably held along a guide rail 185 provided toward the rear clamper 178, and has a predetermined diameter. Pushing moving table 1 driven by a pressure extruding tool 186 such as a fluid pressure cylinder
87 is a structure that is driven to move via a bracket 188. In contrast, the rear clamper 178
No operation other than vertical movement is performed. Further, the rear clamper 178, particularly the press body 14 attached thereto, is provided.
6b is a structure that can sufficiently withstand the approaching movement pressure of the front clamper 170 (press body 146a).

Because of this, the press section 146
In the state where the print book stack S is carried into the work position Z, and the rear clamper 178 is lowered at the rear side of the print book stack S, the front clamper 170 is moved relative to the rear clamper 178. You will be moved closer. Therefore, both before and after the operation of the later-described lateral feeder 147, the clampers 170 and 178 (press body 1)
46a and 146b), a vertical compressive force can be applied to the print book stack S. As a result, the print book assembly S is evacuated from excess air and the wrinkles are extended, so that it is easy to bind. [4-]. The lateral feed portion 147 is provided between the lateral groove 173 (see FIG. 17) provided on the front clamper 170 and the lateral groove 183 (see FIG. 18) provided on the rear clamper 178 as described above. The sweep arm 190 is horizontally held by a linear guide 191 and driven by a lateral feed mechanism 192.

The lateral feed mechanism 191 used a belt driving means. Further, the sweeping arm 190 is configured to wait on the front side of the work position Z. For this reason, in the lateral feed unit 147, the sweep arm 190 is moved toward the binding unit 5 by driving the lateral feed mechanism 192, so that the front clamper 170 and the rear clamper 178 are moved.
Are swept out from the work position Z and transferred to the binding unit 5. Further, since the sweeping arm 190 traverses the lateral groove 173 of the front clamper 170 and traverses the lateral groove 183 of the rear clamper 178, the swept arm 190 is held by the front clamper 170 and the rear clamper 178 with the above movement. The paper Y is also swept out from each of the clampers 170 and 178, and the paper Y is transferred to the binding unit 5 while being accompanied by the booklet stack S. [5]. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the binding unit 5 guides the string wound from the band reel 194 with the band guide 195, and the binding unit 5 transfers the string to the binding operation position X. It is wound around the longitudinal direction, bound and cut, and is a conventionally known configuration. [6]. Operation The operation state of the binding device 1 having such a configuration will be described.

As shown in FIG. 19A, a book W is taken into the carry-in section 2 from a rotary press (not shown) or the like, and a space (se-kiri )
P is formed. In the stacking unit 3, the front holder 137 is raised in the third moving body 122, and this is used as a leading role.
The books W are arranged vertically on the arrangement table 85.
At this time, the moving speed of the third moving body 122 and the driving speed of the flat feed conveyor 91 forming the alignment table 85 are automatically adjusted in accordance with the moving speed of the stacking of the booklets W. This state is continued until the space P reaches the accumulation unit 3.

At this time, the rear holder 135 of the second moving body 121 and the main fork 133 of the first moving body 120
Is still on standby. As shown in FIG. 19 (B), when the space P in the printing book flow reaches the stacking unit 3,
The main fork 133 of the first moving body 120 rises so as to break into the space P. As a result, between the front holder 137 and the main fork 133, the print book stack S reaching the specified number of copies is defined and formed. In this state, as shown in FIG.
Starts moving in synchronization with the traveling speed of the third moving body 122. And in this situation, the main fork 133
With the leading role, the book W is arranged on the alignment table 85 on the rear side.

The movement of the third moving body 122 and the first moving body 120 is continued, and the main fork 133 is moved to the rear holder 13.
5 and reaches the position where it overtakes it, at this moment the rear holder 135 of the second moving body 121 is raised. In the process so far, the unity preparation unit 4
Preparation has been performed to the point where the paper Y is supplied to the front clamper 170 and the rear clamper 178. And
As shown in FIG. 20 (A), the booklet stack S is sandwiched between the front holder 137 and the rear holder 135 this time.
The third mobile unit 122 and the second mobile unit 121 continue to move toward the binding preparation unit 4 as they are.

At this time, the movement of the third moving body 122 is controlled by the pressure regulator 130 composed of a powder clutch (see FIG. 8).
As a result, the second moving body 121 is controlled to be slightly slower than the second moving body 121, whereby a moderate vertical compressing action to the extent that the alignment state is not disturbed is applied to the booklet stack S. As shown in FIG. 20B, the third moving body 122 and the second moving body 121 stop when the print stack S reaches the work position Z of the binding preparation section 4, and the binding preparation section 4 lowers the rear clamper 178.

As shown in FIG. 20C, the third moving body 122 holds the front holder 137 and the second moving body 121
Lowers the rear holders 135 at the same time,
As an operation of the press unit 148, the unity preparing unit 4 moves and presses the front clamper 170 toward the rear clamper 178 with a relatively light force to temporarily compress the longitudinal direction. Next, in the binding preparation unit 4, the lateral feed unit 147 starts operating. In other words, the sweeping arm 190 sweeps the paper Y held by the front clamper 170 and the rear clamper 178 to the binding unit 5 together with the print book stack S.

At this time, the press section 148 is operated again, and the front clamper 170 is moved and pressed in full toward the rear clamper 178, and the vertical compression is performed to such an extent that the printed book assembly S is easily bound. I do. The press section 14
The operation of 8 may be performed only before or after the operation of the lateral feed unit 147. Next, FIG.
As shown in (A) and (B), the booklet stack S is bound together with the sheets Y on both sides in the binding unit 5, and then taken out of the apparatus.

During this time, the main fork 1
The book W is continuously arranged in a row, with 33 as a leading role. Then, the third mobile unit 122 and the second mobile unit 121 return to the collecting unit 3, and in this process, the third mobile unit 12
Reference numeral 2 raises the front holder 137 so that the front holder 137 is brought into contact with the book W in the middle of the vertical arrangement. Then, after the front holder 137 contacts the book W in this manner, the first moving body 120
Moves slightly in a direction away from the stacking unit 3 (to the left in the figure) at a speed slightly exceeding the vertical arrangement speed of the printing books W,
As a result, the first moving body 120 lowers the main fork 133 at the moment when the main fork 133 is separated from the book W.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG.
The mobile unit 120 and the second mobile unit 121 return to their standby positions, thereby completing one cycle operation. Incidentally, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, as the various driving tools, the use of a fluid pressure cylinder has been mainly described, but depending on the application location, a motor drives a gear mechanism, a wrapping transmission mechanism, a feed screw mechanism, or the like, or a driving mechanism using a solenoid. It is also possible to substitute.

In addition, the arrangement of each part, the members used, the detailed structure, and the like can be appropriately changed. FIG. 22 to FIG. 26 show another embodiment of the paper supply unit 145 of the binding preparation unit 4. That is, in the present paper supply unit 145 (see FIGS. 15 to 18) of the above-described embodiment, one of the front delivery units 164 constituting the discharge unit 152 is provided with a front clamper 170 and the other is provided with a rear clamper 170. Although the delivery section 165 is provided with the rear clamper 178, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 22 to 26, the front clamper 170 is replaced with the front cassette 200, and the rear clamper 178 is replaced with the rear cassette 201. are doing.

As shown in FIGS. 24 and 26, the front cassette 200 has a pair of standing plates 203 and 204 erected at a predetermined distance from each other, and connects the standing plates 203 and 204 to each other on the front side (bundling). (A side opposite to the part 5) and a bottom plate part 206 connecting the standing plates 203 and 204 on the bottom side. Therefore, the front cassette 200 has an insertion port 208 for the paper Y in the upper surface.
Is provided, and a delivery port 209 for the paper Y is provided on a side surface portion facing the binding portion 5 so as to have a flat U-shape.
Due to the presence of the bottom plate portion 206, a pocket shape is provided.

The front cassette 200 is provided with a horizontal groove 210 which is long in the horizontal direction and penetrates to the outlet 209 while penetrating the standing plates 203 and 204 at a position slightly above the bottom plate portion 206. Have been. The front cassette 200 is moved to the working position Z (the flat feed conveyor 91).
Is fixed at the upper surface level of the front clamper 170 and receives the paper Y sent from the chute conveyor 169 and holds the paper Y in the upright position. Is the same as

On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 25 and 26, the rear cassette 201 has a pair of uprights 213 and 214 erected at a predetermined distance from each other, and these uprights 213 and 2
14 has a bottom plate portion 215 that connects the front plates 14 on the front side (the side opposite to the binding portion 5) and a bottom plate portion 216 that connects the standing plates 213 and 214 on the bottom surface side. Therefore, the rear cassette 201 is provided with an insertion port 218 for the paper Y on the upper surface, and a delivery port 219 for the paper Y on the side surface facing the binding unit 5 to form a flat U-shape. It has a pocket shape due to the presence of the bottom plate portion 216.

Further, the rear cassette 201 is provided at a position slightly above the bottom plate portion 216 with at least the upright plate 213 closer to the front cassette 200 (in the illustrated example, both upright plates 213).
13, 214) is provided in the horizontal direction, and is provided with a lateral groove 220 which extends through the outlet 219. The rear cassette 201 is waiting at a predetermined height above the working position Z (the flat feed conveyor 91), and receives the paper Y sent via the transfer conveyor 175 and the rear swing down conveyor 177. The embodiment shown in FIGS. 15 to 18 is provided with a point that the sheet Y is lowered to the upper surface level of the work position Z (flat feed conveyor 91) and the sheet Y is held upright in the cassette in this state. This is the same as in the case of the rear clamper 178.

As is apparent from the above, the provision of the bottom plate portion 216 in the rear cassette 201 means that the rear cassette 201 is not moved until the rear cassette 201 descends from the upper standby position to the upper surface level of the work position Z. This structure is indispensable for preventing the paper Y from falling off. FIG. 1 shows that the front cassette 200 and the rear cassette 201 also serve as operating bodies (press bodies 146a and 146b) that move relatively close to each other in the press section 146.
5 to 18 include the rear clamper 178.
Is the same as

It is needless to say that the horizontal feed portion 147 has the horizontal groove 210 of the front cassette 200 and the rear cassette 2
Thus, the sweeping arm 190 is inserted between the horizontal groove 220 and the sweeping arm 190 so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the horizontal grooves 210 and 220. Therefore, when the sweeping arm 190 is moved so as to cross the both lateral grooves 210 and 220, the paper Y supplied into the front cassette 200 and the rear cassette 201 is also moved to each cassette. Swept out of 200, 201,
It is transferred to the binding unit 5 while accommodating the book stack S that has been stacked between the front cassette 200 and the rear cassette 201.

At the time of sweeping the sheet Y from the front cassette 200 and the sheet Y from the rear cassette 201, as shown in FIG.
In this embodiment, when each cassette 2 is discharged,
Since the bottom plates 206 and 216 are provided at 00 and 201, respectively, there is an advantage that the bottom plate portions 206 and 216 serve as guide surfaces to make the sweeping of the paper Y extremely smooth. In particular, in the case of the rear cassette 201, the working position Z is formed as an extended upper surface of the flat feed conveyor 91, so that the narrow belt 90 (see FIG.
(See Reference)), the sheet Y can be sent out without any adverse effect (without any adverse effect) even if the sheet Y has irregularities (presence or absence of a support surface) due to the installation gap of the sheet Y. This leads to the advantage of no.

In this embodiment, the front cassette 2
The fact that the paper Y and the rear cassette 201 are in the form of a pocket means that even when the paper Y is weak paper, it can be stably held without being affected by disturbance such as warpage of the paper quality itself or wind. , Has become useful.

[0076]

As is apparent from the above description, the binding apparatus for a printing book according to the present invention can be integrated (miniaturized) as a device, and as a result, the line length can be significantly reduced. As a result, it is possible to save space in the entire factory and increase the degree of freedom in arranging devices.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing an embodiment of a binding device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view corresponding to FIG.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a centering conveyor.

FIG. 4 is a front view corresponding to FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a front view showing a cut-off section and a pressure deaeration section.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a front view showing a defective product discharge unit, a settling elimination unit, and a good product removal unit.

FIG. 8 is a front view showing a vertical feeding unit and a vertical compression unit in an accumulation unit.

9 is an enlarged view taken on line BB of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a front view showing an upside-down inverting conveyor / falling supply unit in the stacking unit.

FIG. 11 is an enlarged perspective view showing a part (downward supply part) of FIG. 10 in a partially crushed state.

FIG. 12 is a front view showing a vertically long bracket used for a descending supply unit of an accumulation unit.

FIG. 13 is a plan view showing a state in which a printed book is in an inwardly warped state by a warp adjusting mechanism provided in a descending supply unit of the stacking unit.

FIG. 14 is a plan view showing a state in which a printed book is set in a warped state by a warp adjusting mechanism provided in a descending supply unit of the stacking unit.

FIG. 15 is a front view showing a binding preparation unit.

FIG. 16 is an enlarged view taken on line CC of FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing a front clamper of the paper supply unit of the binding preparation unit, which is partially broken.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing a rear clamper of the paper supply unit of the binding preparation unit, which is partially broken.

FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an operation state of the binding device according to the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an operation state following FIG. 19;

FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an operation state following FIG. 20;

FIG. 22 is a front view showing another embodiment of the binding preparation unit.

FIG. 23 is an enlarged view taken on line DD of FIG. 22;

24 is a perspective view showing the front cassette of the paper supply unit of the binding preparation unit shown in FIG. 22 in a partially crushed state.

25 is a perspective view showing a rear cassette of the paper supply unit of the binding preparation unit shown in FIG. 22 which is partially broken.

26 is a front cross-sectional view showing a state in which the paper is being swept out in the paper supply unit of the binding preparation unit shown in FIG. 22;

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 bundling device 2 carry-in unit 3 stacking unit 4 bundling preparation unit 5 bundling unit 8 centering conveyor 9 cut-off unit 10 pressurized deaeration unit 11 defective product discharge unit 12 cut-off elimination unit 13 good product take-out unit 20 secondary end in centering conveyor Fulcrum 60a conveying surface upstream from the step-down portion 68a conveying surface downstream from the step-down portion 69 step-down portion 123 vertical compression means 130 pressure regulator 145 this paper supply portion W printing book X binding work position S printing book Aggregate Y This paper

Claims (9)

[Claims] An apparatus for bundling and arranging prints (W) in a vertically long state while arranging the prints (W) vertically. A cut-off portion (9) for creating a space between the required prints (W) in the placed book flow, and a space for an unnecessary portion occurring in the print flow is reduced. By providing a cut-off unit (12), the stacking unit (3) and the binding unit (5) including the carry-in unit (2) can be integrally connected. Binding unit. 2. An apparatus for binding a book (W) in a vertically long state while arranging the book (W) vertically, and then taking the book (W) at a lower level than the binding work position (X). (X) The loading section (2) for raising to a higher level, and the lifted printing book (W) are supplied in a descending manner to the same level as the binding work position (X) and vertically aligned in a vertical state. A book binding device, wherein a stacking unit (3) and a binding unit (5) for binding the aligned book stacks (S) are integrated. 3. The loading section (2) is a separator for forming a space between required printing sheets (W) in a continuous printing book flow while partially overlapping. 3. A binding apparatus for a book according to claim 2, further comprising a section (9) and a cut-off section (12) for reducing a space of an unnecessary portion generated in the book flow. . 4. The step-off section (12) is provided with a step-down section (69) directed to the downstream side on the transport surface (60a) of the printing book (W), and the step-down section (69) when necessary.
Unnecessary space generated in the printing book flow is reduced by enabling only the upstream transport surface (60a) to be driven while the downstream transport surface (68a) is temporarily stopped. 4. The binding apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: 5. A centering conveyor (8) is provided at the entrance end of the carry-in section (2), the centering conveyor (8) having the secondary end side as a fulcrum (20) and allowing the primary end side to swing right and left. The printing book binding apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: 6. A pressurizing / degassing unit (10) for the printing book (W) is provided in the carry-in unit (2), and the pressurizing / degassing unit (10) can adjust a pressing force. The bookbinding device according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein: 7. The carrying-in section (2) uses a path for raising a printing book (W) from a carry-in level to a predetermined level,
The defective product discharge part (11) is provided at the start end of the path, and the non-defective product take-out part (13) is provided at a middle part of the path. Printing book binding device. 8. A vertically compressing means (12) for applying opposing pressing force between both ends of the booklet stack (S) in the stacking section (3).
The vertical compression means (123) is provided with a pressure regulator (130) using a powder clutch, and the pressure can be adjusted by the pressure regulator (130).
A binding device for a printed book according to claim 7. 9. A sheet (Y) is supplied between the stacking section (3) and the binding section (5) to both ends of the booklet stack (S) aligned in the stacking section (3). This paper supply unit (1
45), and the corresponding paper supply unit (145)
9. The binding apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the handling of the paper and the plate can be appropriately selected.