JP2000117932A - Screen printing plate, method for releasing plate, printer and printed matter - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enhance printability and to form a bump or the like of a VLSI by providing a gap between a rear surface of a screen printing plate and a matter to be printed, waving a squeegee sliding on the printing plate on a surface to be printed, printing together with advancing of the squeegee, and snapping off the plate. SOLUTION: The screen printing plate 1 pushes a printing material 7 to print by a squeegee 8 at the time of passing a post 9' in advancing and printing direction 18 of the squeegee 8. In the case of printing, the printing plate of a zone is pressed down, printed on a printing surface 6. When the squeegee 8 is advanced, the squeegee 8 is reset to a broken line at an amount corresponding to the gap of the height of the post at the time of passing a post 9", the plate 1 is slid up between the plate and a printed matter, and snapped off. The printed matter 3 and the plate 1 are entanged by the posts 9, 9', 9" or the like, and the gap is formed by its height, i.e., post height 5. Thus, a high density, precise and highly integrated snap-off can be conducted.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for screen printing. Before printing electronic components on printed circuit boards and wafers, print materials and pastes are placed at predetermined positions. The present invention relates to the industrial field of densely packed electronic components, surface mounting of printed circuit boards, formation of conductive terminals such as wafers, and processing by thick film coating.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the prior art, in the case of gap printing, a screen plate is supported by a printing apparatus and a printing surface is supported by a printing base portion. And set the distance between the lower surface of the screen plate and the upper surface of the printing material, and the distance and height gap between the plate and the printing material. It is performed at the gap fulcrum due to the passage of printing and squeegee and at the printing plate support part of the screen plate (usually the inner part of the plate frame). At the start of printing, the angle is large, at the end it is low, and both the plate and the object The distance between the plate and the gap is very small and the gap formation at each printing is not uniform.In addition, a uniform mechanism requires a fine drive structure, which is also a problem in terms of cost. Indicates uneven plate separation speed and progression site Out of slow current, plate separating one printing, are printed difficult to view in the fine print in an unstable and non-uniform. In addition, there is a situation in which it is difficult to separate the plate in contact printing and contact printing.

[0003] The reason that printing was difficult or impossible was that the print pattern itself was, for example, 0.1 m in 0.25 pt.
The printing surface of m diameter is gathered at several hundreds to several thousand equal intervals per unit or in a fixed arrangement, and by such a collection of units, from 300,000 bumps to 70 on one printing surface / screen surface.
In this case, the printed material adheres to the printing material of hundreds of thousands of bump terminals when printed, so that the printed material and the screen plate are united and bonded with the printing material. When the plate is separated, it is difficult for the plate to separate from each other, and the plate undergoes large deflection / amplitude / vibration due to the tension of the screen plate at the time of the separation and the force at the time of peeling, and the side wall of the plate because the plate opening is narrow. The printing material adheres to the printing plate, does not adhere to the printing material, separates from the printing plate, and does not fall out of the screen plate. Stable printing cannot be achieved due to material loss or shortage.

In pad printing, since one printing pattern is very narrow and requires a certain height, it is necessary to leave a trace of the opening diameter of the plate on the surface to be printed from the screen plate for each bump. In addition, it is necessary to form bump printing to the extent that there is substantially no printing residue around the actual plate opening diameter.

[0005]

The problem of such printing is as follows.
Regarding printing, the screen plate openings are closely adjacent to each other, and the height of the plate is required because the pad height is required, and the height ratio of the plate to the plate opening surface when the printing plate separates greatly exceeds the height ratio that the plate comes off. It is necessary to secure the pad height by widening the rear opening of the plate from the point where the height is required, which also hinders the accumulation of the pads. , Height, etc. It is intended to solve the problem of plate separation in screen printing and achieve good printing.

Therefore, the essential point is that the opening, the plate thickness, the side wall surface of the opening, the printing material to be pressed and the contact surface portion (the relation between the plate opening side wall surface / plate opening diameter and the plate thickness and the plate thickness of the printing material and the plate thickness) are required. (Adhesion to the printing surface), and the solution is devised as a printing problem.

The print pattern itself is, for example, 0.25
Printed surfaces having a diameter of 0.1 mm between pts are gathered at equal intervals of several hundred to several thousand per unit or in a fixed array.
Since printing is performed from 10,000 bumps to 700,000 bumps, the printed material is actually adhered to the printing material of hundreds of thousands of pads and terminals on the screen plate when printing. It is as if both were adhered.
Therefore, (1) how the shape marks can be accurately left from the screen plate as well as the plate opening diameter for each bump, (2) pads are formed so that there is almost no printing residue around the actual plate opening diameter, and ， Adhesion of printing material by securing the printing surface by bonding the printing material between the plate side surface and the printing surface when separating the printing plate, and printing material / pad configuration by bonding the printing plate portion when separating the printing plate from the pad portion In other words, the part is separated so as not to adhere to the side wall of the plate. The printing material adhered to the plate side wall after detachment of the plate makes it impossible to perform the next printing in the printing shape defect and narrow opening pattern printing (fine / high density printing). Therefore, the printing plate, the printing material, and the screen plate are used to accurately and smoothly separate the indented printing material from the printing plate, form the printing shape, and realize the printing stability.

[0008] Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to improve the printability by solving the difficulty of printing leads to the expansion of the printing area. It is intended to provide a printing method and apparatus capable of forming bumps and the like of an VLSI by solving problems, as well as a general printing property, and a printing method for forming a bump of a VLSI and the like.

[0009]

In the screen printing according to the present invention, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, first, a gap is provided between the back surface of the screen plate and the printing material, and a squeegee sliding on the screen plate to be printed is provided. Waving on the printing surface, printing with the progress of the squeegee, separating the plate,
The squeegee moves horizontally on the printing material as the squeegee moves horizontally on the printing material, and printing is performed on the lower surface and separation is performed on the upper surface to perform printing. Avoiding the printing opening of the screen plate and providing a gap support column or a separating member that separates between the printing plate and the back surface of the printing plate that comes into contact with the printing material at the time of printing, or a separating material, and provides a gap between both the separation gaps. Printing is performed by printing on a screen plate and separation of the plate (hereinafter referred to as support plate separation). The printing plane at the time of squeegee progression on the screen plate is divided by the struts, and the printing plate is sequentially and intermittently separated and printed as the squeegee advances between the divided struts and the struts. Further, for the support of the printing surface, a separation means such as a support, a sheet, or the like is provided on the outer periphery of the printing surface of the screen plate on the non-printed surface of the printed matter and on the four sides of the back surface of the screen plate in the area, or on any of the four sides. A gap is provided on a non-printing surface of a printing area by a plurality of columns, sheets, or the like at the time of one printing, and the printing plate is separated from the printing plate as printing progresses (hereinafter, printing separation without interruption is referred to as printing plate separation). After the separation, the printing device performs the separation of the remaining portion (hereinafter, the separation performed after a lapse of a predetermined time after printing is referred to as the separation of the plate) and prints. The non-printing area of the back surface of the screen plate and the contact surface / adhesion portion at the time of printing of the printing material (hereinafter, each surface contacting the back surface of the screen plate and the printing surface of the printing material at the time of printing is referred to as a contact surface portion or a printing surface). The diverging means provided in a range where the support and printing are not obstructed are appropriately provided with a length, a width, and a narrow height (supports, separated objects, etc.) in consideration of printability. The support of the printing separation means is provided in parallel or parallel to the longitudinal direction of the squeegee blade on the printing surface due to the nature of the printing plate separation.
In consideration of the solidification state of the printing material and the separation of the printing plate, a plurality of supports for the separation means are used.
In parallel, the screen plate is waved as the squeegee progresses, the printing plate is separated, and one print is formed and printed. A large number of columns are freely provided by the diverging means, and printing is performed by separating the printing plates by the number of columns between the columns and printing plates between a plurality of columns in one printing. The column height is freely set in consideration of printability, but is generally set to 100 μm to several μm.

In intermittent / complementary / overlapping printing, in which a plurality of screen plates are used for the same printing as a general one-time printing, the printing plates are separated from each other by a support, and each printing plate is taken into consideration in consideration of printability of a plurality of printing plates. The printing is performed by providing a column having the same height or varying the height for each plate as a means for separating the height. The structure of the strut may be integrally formed with each contact surface part as a part thereof, or separately provided and attached.

An air layer is formed on the contact surface when printing in the gap between the support and the contact surface during printing, in the space between the screen plate and the surface to be printed, as an air evasion part for the opening portion at the time of printing. Print.

The printing is performed by separating the printing plate by the squeegee advancing by the support during printing and by separating the printing plate by the mechanism of the printing apparatus. After the printing of the printing plate separation by the support as the separation means of the contact surface portion is completed (hereinafter, referred to as primary plate separation),
The separation of the printing plate by the printing apparatus is constituted by several orders, and the separation of the plate by the gap between the columns (hereinafter, referred to as a plane separation) and the separation of the mechanism of the printing apparatus (hereinafter, the second separation or the next separation). Alternatively, printing is performed after printing. If the separation of the printing plate by the squeegee progression by the column is sufficient for separating the printing plate, the separation is not necessary, and the separation of the printing plate mechanism is omitted.

[0013]

The function of separating the screen plate constituted and provided as described above is as follows: (1) The effect that the fluidity of the printing material enables the separation of the plate almost to the start of solidification due to the stoppage of printing (thixotropic property). Solidification due to flow stoppage). 2,
The function that the plate can be separated from the plate side wall surface in a uniform state by setting multiple columns between the columns. 3. Since the separation of the printing plate is performed without waiting for one printing, the solidification of the printing material is reduced (from the end point), and the solidification is prevented from gradually increasing (from the starting point).
4. The function of dividing one print and printing evenly since one print is frequently separated by a plurality of columns. 5.Pat (pattern) diameter, plate thickness, plate opening diameter, pat / pattern pitch, etc. are related to screen separation of the screen plate, plate thickness and opening diameter are related to plate separation, If the wall is wide (the plate thickness is high), the phenomenon that the plate will not come off may occur. The action of shortening and the separation of the primary plate facilitates the separation of the secondary plate because the remaining plate is already slid between the prints in contact with the side wall of the plate portion of the secondary separation. 6. The print area can be divided by the pitch of the opening and the unprinted portion freely between the pitches, thereby reducing the printing range. 7,
Almost at the same time as printing, the plate is separated from the printing surface at the start of solidification of the printing material on the side wall of the printing plate. (Function of separating the plate as the printing progresses.) 6, Function of sliding the plate thick side wall surface during printing and separation of the plate without impairing the function of maintaining the shape of the printing material.
7. The function of quantitatively enabling the slight plate separation speed because the height of the support is constant. 8. The function of stabilizing the function of maintaining the formation in the printing of the shape of the opening diameter and the width because the separation speed of the plate can be almost constant and constant. 9. Shortening of the pad diameter and the pattern pitch ・ Because of the dense structure of about 100 μm to 40 μm and about 100 μm to 50 μm, it is possible to release the plate in consideration of the thixotropic property (the distance between the columns and the height of the columns). Possible). 10. An operation that enables stable fine printing by the above operation in intermittent / complementary / overprinting. 11. Elimination of the adverse effect that the screen plate and the printing material have a state of being closely adhered and adhered when the plate is separated. 12. At the time of one printing, one part, and the passage of the column protruding portion causes the plate to be separated, so that the plate is separated in a substantially minute range, and the printing range of the separated plate is reduced.
13. A space is formed between the printed matter, the printing plate, the support and the projection, and the air layer is formed together with the passage of the squeegee during printing to prevent and release the adhesion of the printing plate as a unitary plate, and the air portion of the pad opening. Printing stabilization effect by avoidance (effect of preventing printing material from being pushed into the pad portion of air). 14. The back side of the plate rises to the height of the support / spacer (by passing through the squeegee), and the plate is separated from the printing surface with the thickness of the spacer. Action that can be quantitatively managed. 15. The function of subdividing one printing surface in cell units to facilitate the freedom and control of separation control. 16. It was necessary to consider plate separation for a whole printed surface and a wide range of patterns. However, by considering the conditions of plate release of a small cell, such as thixotropy, height, and density, Function that enables setting of a wide range of printable situations. 17. The effect of avoiding the flapping phenomenon of the screen plate at the time of separation of the plate (arising from the integration of the plate and the printed material due to the dense presence of the printed materials on the printing plate). It acts as an air evasion part at the time of printing at the narrow opening of the screen plate, facilitating press-in of the printing material, and avoiding quantitative variations in printing. 18. The column plays the role of a beam on the back side of the screen plate (avoidance of damage due to wafer printing), and the plate is prevented from bending when the plate is separated (because the plate is very thin).

[0019]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The gist of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings based on a screen plate embodiment. FIG.
Represents a cross-sectional view of the screen plate of the present invention. Opening 4 of screen plate 1 (screen plate and print substrate are aligned by device alignment mechanism) mounted on plate support 21 of the printing apparatus (including openings of chip / pad integration / single pattern). ), The print pattern 6 (including the chip / pad integrated pattern / single pattern) 6 of the printing substrate 3 is partially printed area (hereinafter, referred to as a cell). The printing material 7 is pushed in by the squeegee 8 (including a printing squeegee and a single blade) 20 (not shown in the drawing) as the printing material 7 is passed in the printing direction 18 with the passage of the support '9. Printed on the printing surface 6 with the squeegee progression and returned to the dashed line 1 by the passage of "9" by the passage of "9" as the squeegee progressed. Occur. The printing material 3 and the printing plate 1 are separated from each other by the columns 9 to 9 'to 9 ", and a gap is formed by the height 5 of the plate 1. The screen plate contact surface 1
0, printing is performed between the printing material and the screen plate by providing gaps and gaps between the printing material contact surface portions 11 by 9.9 ', 9 "etc. columns, and the screen is pressed by the squeegee at the contact surface portions by passing the squeegee between the columns. Press the plate (solid line 15)
After printing, the plate is separated by returning the press-contact of the plate equivalent to the height of the posts 9, 9 ', 9 "when passing through the squeegee. When passing between the posts and cells from the printing start point to the end point of the printing squeegee, cell 1 (9-9 '), each print is performed in cell 2 (9'-9 "), and printing is performed by causing plate separation by passing through a squeegee.
This is an example in which printing and separation are performed individually by each cell, intermittently between the cells, and by continuously moving the plate up and down and wavy in each cell (primary plate separation). 1) of FIG. 1 shows a bump opening diagram of the chip 4, and 32 indicates one bump opening diameter. FIG.
FIG. 2 is a main part perspective view of the upper surface of the screen plate 1 of FIG. 1. 1
Reference numeral 2 denotes a chip (collection of bumps) printing opening. FIG.
Is an example in which a plurality of chip package patterns are provided in one cell. FIG. 4 is a main part perspective view of the upper surface of FIG. FIG. 5 shows a print substrate 3 of a set of assembled fine high-density patterns 6, where 6 is a print surface of a chip set (for example, □ 6 is 6 mm square, pitch interval 250 μm, pad diameter 100
(Indicates a plurality of bumps with a height of about 60 μm.)
And the corresponding portions of the corresponding posts 9, 9 ′ 9 ″ during printing of the non-printing area. FIG.
5, 15 ', 15 "(9, 9', 9").
The above configuration is also selectively performed. ). FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the screen plate of FIG. 6 at the time of printing. FIG. 8 is an intermittent print of the chip shown in FIG. 5, in which any one of 13 and 14 is printed first (referred to as intermittent printing), and an unprinted portion is printed afterwards. FIG. 9 is a diagram in which an unprinted portion such as the chip in FIG. 8 is printed (referred to as complementary printing). FIGS. 10 and 11 also show the primary-page separation printing of the intermittent / complementary printing on the printing surface of the package printing. 12 and 13 show an example in which a support 19 or a sheet-like spacer is provided between the non-printing surface of the screen plate 1 and the back surface of the non-printing surface of the screen plate 1 on the outer peripheral portion 22 of the printing surface, and is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the squeegee. It is provided in parallel, or is provided in a square around the outer periphery (hereinafter, referred to as enclosing plate separation; not shown), and FIG. The squeegee is advanced horizontally or in a wavy manner to separate the plate and print.
Fine separation of the screen plate can be quantitatively and stably achieved by a separating member that separates the contact surface between the printing material and the screen plate around or around the outer periphery of the printing area, and therefore, it is stable even as normal gap printing Can be separated. Fine adjustment of the gap separation requires high-precision adjustment, which can be avoided. Based on the printing by the separation of the primary plate, the printing is terminated, or the printing device is separated from the plate again (secondary plate separation, not shown) and printing is performed. This embodiment is not limited and can be freely modified according to the gist of the invention.

As will be easily understood from the above description, the present invention has the following effects in printing.

The printing using the screen plate configured as described above enables the separation of the plate, which has been conventionally difficult at high density, precision and high integration. 2. Elimination of printing variations caused by separation of the printing surface. 3. The plate separation is uniform in cell units, and the plate separation can be performed uniformly. 4. The diameter, width, and height of the printing opening can be increased by the height of the column. 4. It is possible to eliminate fluttering of the plate when the plate is separated. 4. Enables stable high-definition and high-density printing. 5. Stabilize conventional printing. 6. It is possible to quantitatively manage the detachment of the printing plate, so that the relationship between the printability and the detachment of the printing plate can be counted. 7. Therefore, fine control of separation of the plate becomes possible, and stable high-definition and high-density printing is enabled.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a main configuration diagram showing an embodiment of printing on a screen plate.

FIG. 2 is a main part configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the back surface of the screen plate of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a main part configuration diagram showing an embodiment of printing on a screen plate.

FIG. 4 is a main part configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the back surface of the screen plate of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a set of chips on a printing surface (multiple patterns).
Of main parts showing an embodiment of a printing plate using a screen plate of FIG.

FIG. 6 shows a group of chips on a printing surface (multiple patterns).
Of main parts showing an embodiment of a printing plate using a screen plate of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a main part configuration diagram showing an embodiment of printing by the screen plate of FIG. 6;

8 is a main part configuration diagram showing an embodiment of printing using an intermittent screen plate such as that shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram of a main part showing an embodiment of printing using the complementary screen version of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a print pattern of package shape printing and intermittent printing.

11 is a main part configuration diagram showing an embodiment of printing by the complementary printing screen plate of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is an essential part cross-sectional view showing an example of printing on the outer peripheral portion of the printing surface using a separation screen plate.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a main part showing an example of printing on the outer peripheral portion of the printing surface using the separated screen plate.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Screen plate 1 'Screen plate back surface 2 Printed material front surface 2' Screen plate back surface / printed object contact surface part, wave back surface 3 Printed material / printing object 4, Screen plate opening / pad / chip assembly part / pattern part 5,15 , 15 ', 15 "post / obstacle gap thickness / height 6 Printing part (pad, chip, pattern, etc.) 7 Printing material 8 Squeegee (container type squeegee in this example) 9, 9', 9", '9, "9 Supports / obstacles / separation components 10 Screen plate back / contact surface of printing surface 11 Surface / contact surface of printing material 13 Complementary printing unit 14 Intermittent printing unit 16 Section / unit / cell screen plate 17 Bump pad opening 18 Printing direction 19 Non-printing surface separation object / sheet / post 20 Screen printing press unit 21 Screen printing plate support unit 32 Chip printing opening / screen plate opening

Claims (13)

[Claims] The present invention relates to a printing method and apparatus for printing using a screen plate, wherein a gap is provided between both the back surface of the screen plate and the printing medium, and the squeegee slides on the screen plate as the squeegee slides on the screen plate. A screen characterized by squeegee wave / horizontal movement which oscillates between the top and bottom of the gap and horizontally moves the upper part to separate the printing plate to perform printing plate separation (hereinafter referred to as printing plate separation). Plate, printing method, printing device and printed matter. 2. The printing plate separation according to claim 1, wherein a support post or a separation member that avoids a printing opening of the screen plate and separates the printing plate from the back surface of the screen plate that comes into contact with the printing material during printing. A screen plate, a printing method, a printing apparatus, and a printed matter, provided on one or both sides, and provided with a cap between the two to perform printing plate separation. 3. The printing plate separation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the printing plane is divided by a support when the squeegee on the screen plate advances, and the separation of the printing plate between the divided support and the support is sequentially and intermittently performed. A screen plate, a printing method, a printing apparatus, and a printed material, wherein the screen plate is provided with a screen plate which is separated from the squeegee during the progress of the squeegee. 4. The printing plate separation according to claim 1, wherein the non-printed surface of the printed matter and the surrounding area of the back surface of the screen plate in the area are provided on the outer peripheral portion of the printing surface of the screen plate. Separating means is provided by using a support, a sheet, or the like on the opposite side, or separation is performed, or separation means, such as a plurality of supports, sheets, or the like, is provided on a non-printing surface of the printing area during one printing operation. Separation is referred to as printing plate separation) together with the printing progress, or after the plate separation, separation of the remaining portion by the printing apparatus (hereinafter, plate separation performed after a lapse of a predetermined time after printing is referred to as plate separation). And a printing method, a printing apparatus, and a printed matter, characterized in that printing is performed by providing the printing plate. 5. The printing plate detachment according to claim 1, wherein the back surface of the screen plate and the contact surface / contact portion at the time of printing of the printing material (hereinafter, printing of the back surface of the screen plate and the printing surface of the printing material). Each surface that is sometimes in contact is called a contact surface portion or a printing surface.)
A screen characterized in that the non-printing area is provided with separating means (supports, separated objects, etc.) in the contact surface portion within a range that does not interfere with printing of any length, width and narrow height in the non-printing area, and performs printing. Plate, printing method, printing device and printed matter. 6. A screen according to claim 1, wherein said squeegee blades are provided with supporting columns parallel and parallel to each other in a longitudinal direction of said squeegee blade, and printing is performed by a screen plate provided with said supporting columns. Plate, printing method, printing device and printed matter. 7. A printing plate separation method according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of printing squeegees are provided in parallel or in parallel with each other in the longitudinal direction of the printing squeegee at the time of printing, and the squeegee advances in a wavy manner to separate the printing plate. A screen plate, a printing method, a printing apparatus, and a printed material, wherein one screen is formed and printed as the printing proceeds. 8. The printing plate separation according to claim 1 to claim 7, wherein the separation means is provided with a large number of struts freely, and the separation of the printing plates by the number of the struts at the time of one printing (hereinafter referred to as the wave-like plate separation). And a printing method, a printing apparatus, and a printed material, characterized in that the printing is performed by using a printing method. 9. The printing plate separation according to claim 1 to 8, in consideration of printing precision, density, printing material, printing plate separation, and intermittent / complementary / overprinting printability.・
A screen plate, a printing method, a printing apparatus, and a printed material, wherein a height of an obstacle of the screen plate is set to 100 μm to several μm, and printing is performed by providing a support by means of deviation of the height. 10. The printing plate separation according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of screen plates are used for the same printing.
In complementation / overprinting, the height of each printing plate is the same or variable in consideration of the printability of the plurality of printing plates, and printing is provided with a support by means of a deviation of the height. Screen plate, printing method, printing apparatus and printed matter. 11. The printing plate separation according to claim 1, wherein the separation of the printing plate is constituted integrally with the structure of the contact surface portion as a part thereof,
Alternatively, a screen plate, a printing method, a printing apparatus, and a printed material, characterized in that the printing is performed by using a column attached and attached separately. 12. The printing plate separation according to claim 1, wherein a space is formed between the screen plate and the printing surface by a gap at the time of printing between the support and the contact surface portion, and an air layer is formed on the contact surface portion. A screen plate, a printing method, a printing apparatus, and a printed material, which are provided and printed. 13. With regard to the separation of the printing plate according to any one of claims 1 to 12, the printing is completed (hereinafter, referred to as primary plate separation).
Thereafter, separation of the printing plate by the printing apparatus is constituted by several orders, separation of the plate by the gap between the columns (hereinafter, referred to as flat plate separation) and separation of the mechanism of the printing device (hereinafter, secondary plate separation or several orders). A screen printing plate, a printing method, a printing apparatus, and a printed material, characterized in that the screen printing plate or the vertical printing plate is separated.