JP2000062906A - Waste disposal system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce production of a hazardous substance such as dioxin or the like by macroscopically grasping quality of waste and classifying waste thereby to set a type, an amount, and a charging interval of waste to be charged into an incinerator such that the incinerator can operate under the most favorable conditions. SOLUTION: A collecting region is determined from data of an identifying number or the like of a sanitation truck 1. According quality of waste for the collecting region which is recorded in a waste database by region, the quality of waste accommodated in the sanitation truck 1 is classified far each sanitation truck 1 to direct a charging gate 6 thereto for charging waste from the charging gate 6 classified by the quality of waste. An automatic crane 4 loads the charged waste again to prepare multiple kinds of waste with different calorific value. A type, an amount, and an charging interval of waste to be charged into an incinerator 14 is set to operate under the most favorable conditions, and accordingly a feeder 18 of a dropping hopper 15 of the automatic crane 4 and the incinerator 14 is operated.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste treatment system, and more particularly to a waste treatment system for suppressing the production of harmful substances such as dioxins.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a refuse incinerator that incinerates refuse, the garbage collected by a garbage truck is thrown into the pit from the loading gate as it is and temporarily stored in the pit using a crane. The incineration ash and the exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator through the input hopper and feeder are processed by the incinerator ash processing device and the exhaust gas processing device. In the conventional refuse incineration plant, when incinerating waste, if the dust accumulation level in the input hopper of the incinerator becomes low, a request for throwing dust is issued to the crane and random waste is thrown in. . By the way, when incinerating waste, in order to suppress the production of harmful substances such as dioxin, the quality of the waste to be put into the incinerator should be stabilized, and the appropriate type and type of waste should be input according to the operating conditions of the incinerator. It is said that it is effective to operate the incinerator as long as possible while taking into consideration the amount of waste stored in the pit by selecting the amount etc. to reduce temperature fluctuations in the incinerator. There is.

However, since the garbage collected by the garbage truck and carried into the refuse disposal site has a large variation in the quality and quantity of the garbage depending on the garbage collection area, the day of the week, etc., the above-mentioned harmful substances such as dioxins. However, there is a problem in that it is impossible to uniformly adopt a method that is considered effective for suppressing the generation of In order to cope with this problem, at present, in order to suppress the production of harmful substances such as dioxin, the following methods (1) to (5) are appropriately combined and carried out. Feeder control from the input hopper to incinerator Feeder control Oxygen supply Fuel control such as heavy oil for incineration promotion Exhaust gas treatment equipment such as bag filters are installed to suppress dust collection of scattered substances and generation of harmful substances

[0004]

The above-mentioned methods (1) to (3) are
Although it has a tentative effect to suppress the production of harmful substances such as dioxins, it is not possible to quickly and accurately deal with the fluctuation of the waste quality depending on the method of ~, and therefore the temperature fluctuation in the incinerator is not possible. The incinerator cannot be operated continuously for as long as possible when the temperature cannot be reduced and temperature fluctuations occur, and also considering the amount of waste stored in the pit, and the incinerator starts operating. In addition, there is a problem that harmful substances such as dioxins are generated when stopping. Further, the method (1) has a problem that the cost for incineration of waste is high, and the method (2) has a problem that the equipment cost increases as the amount of toxic substances such as dioxins produced increases.

In view of the problems of the above-mentioned conventional waste treatment methods in the waste treatment plant, the present invention grasps the quality of the waste macroscopically to classify the waste, and the type and amount of the waste to be put into the incinerator. Another object of the present invention is to provide a waste treatment system capable of suppressing the production of harmful substances such as dioxins by setting the charging time intervals so that the incinerator can be operated in an optimum state.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the waste disposal system of the present invention determines a collection area from data such as an identification number of a garbage collection vehicle and records it in a waste database for each area. According to the garbage quality record of the collection area, the garbage quality of the garbage stored in the garbage truck is classified according to the garbage truck, and the garbage collection vehicle is instructed to the loading gate, and the garbage is sorted according to the garbage quality. The waste is loaded from the gate, and the waste loaded by the automatic crane is reloaded to prepare multiple types of waste with different calorific values, and the type of waste to be loaded into the incinerator, the loading amount, and the loading time interval. Is set so that the incinerator can be operated in an optimal state, and the automatic crane and the feeder of the input hopper of the incinerator are operated accordingly.

According to this waste treatment system, comprehensive management from waste collection to incineration is possible, the quality of the waste to be put into the incinerator is stabilized, and an appropriate type of waste is selected according to the operating conditions of the incinerator. By selecting the input amount and the input time interval, it is possible to reduce the temperature fluctuation in the incinerator and reliably suppress the production of harmful substances such as dioxins.

In this case, the garbage thrown in from the throwing gate is grabbed by the automatic crane, the specific gravity of the thrown garbage is measured from the bucket capacity and lifting weight of the automatic crane, and the measured specific gravity of the refuse and the area It is possible to compare the specific gravity of the waste in the collection area recorded in the waste database and, if the two do not match, correct the waste quality record recorded in the waste database by district.

[0009] As a result, the record of the quality of waste recorded in the waste database for each district can be corrected according to the quality of the waste actually discharged from the collection area, which varies depending on the living environment and the like. Can be managed more accurately.

Further, the type, amount and time interval of the refuse to be put into the incinerator can be set so that the incinerator can be operated continuously for as long as possible.

As a result, it is possible to reduce the number of times of starting and stopping the operation of the incinerator where toxic substances such as dioxins are easily generated, and to further suppress the production of harmful substances such as dioxin.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of a waste treatment system of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

The waste treatment system of the present invention comprises a collected waste identification system A, a district-specific waste database B, a pit input gate designation system C, an automatic crane system D, a waste transfer system E and a waste input system F. .

The garbage collection system A is a magnetic card or IC that is held by the driver of the garbage truck 1 whose identification number and collection area are registered in advance, or is attached to the vehicle body.
By reading the card or the like when entering the garbage disposal site, the identification number of the garbage truck 1 is recognized and the collection area is specified from the database. At this time, the data of incoming waste such as the weight of waste is also recognized. As a result, it is possible to classify the waste quality that greatly varies depending on the city composition and lifestyle, etc., by the collection area and the time factor of collection.

[0015] The waste database B for each area is a collection area corresponding to the identification number of the waste collection vehicle 1 in charge of the waste collection vehicle 1 and the waste quality corresponding to the season, the day of the week and the collection time, and the average specific gravity and unit weight. Enter the heat value of. In this case, as the lifestyle gradually changes and the quality of the generated waste also changes, it is necessary to correct the data sequentially. Therefore, in the waste database B for each district, the waste quality such as specific gravity and calorific value is input for each district in consideration of the peculiarity of the lifestyle of the district in advance. This data is the waste transshipment system E described later. The automatic crane 4 handles automatically and corrects it based on the specific gravity of the waste, or incorporates software that can be manually corrected.

The pit entry gate designation system C classifies similar waste materials into each entry gate, and determines the order so that the amount of entered dust is averaged for each entry gate. Instruct the loading gate. Considering only the order of arrival of the garbage truck 1 and the efficiency of the automatic crane 4, the waste input gate becomes non-uniform in waste quality, and a large amount of waste mixing work is required later. If the pit input gate designation system C is used, it is possible to perform the transshipment and mixing at the same time if the waste is input according to the type of waste, and the mixing time can be greatly reduced, and at the same time the reliability of waste quality management is greatly improved. Therefore, in the pit entry gate designation system C, the above-mentioned garbage truck 1 is used by the data of the garbage collection system A and the garbage database B for each area.
Judgment area and waste quality are determined, and based on the amount of waste accumulated in the pit, the waste collection vehicle 1 that collects the same kind of waste does not concentrate at the nearby loading slot Try to give instructions from the gate.

The automatic crane system D is equipped with a load meter, equipped with a function for detecting the weight of the gripped dust, an ultrasonic meter, a dust level measuring device such as a bucket landing detector, and a position sensor. The operation order and the operation route of the automatic crane 4 are instructed to the automatic crane 4 while interlocking with the input gate, the input hopper and the like. This automatic crane system D provides the information on the crane side necessary for other systems, determines the operation priority based on the command, and has the necessary interlock and movement route control functions, and at the same time it is on the crane. Have the necessary sensors. The automatic crane 4, which has a level sensor, measures the level of dust at the passing addresses during operation and reports the status to the host computer. If it does not have a dust level sensor, it will use the landing detection sensor when gripping the dust. Report the garbage level at the address to the higher level computer.

The garbage transshipment system E divides the pit,
Addresses are determined, the quality of waste to be stored is determined for each address, and instructions are given to the automatic crane to reload the waste that has been thrown in.
Compare the report of the gripping weight from the crane with the waste database B for each district. If the actual specific gravity is not significantly different from the database, give a transfer instruction to a designated address, if it is significantly different, issue a transfer instruction to another address, and Separately, data of the storage and classification results will be filed. If the waste is thrown in, it will be piled up high in the input port, so it is necessary to transship it. The waste transshipment system E issues an instruction to transship the waste near the loading slot to another address in the pit. When the garbage truck 1 is throwing garbage into the pit, the crane cannot go to the same place to grab the garbage, so the loading gate and the crane are interlocked via the loading door so that they do not interfere with each other. , Instruct the crane to operate. The crane that received the transshipment instruction grabs the trash at the loading port and reports the weight. The waste transshipment system E determines whether the waste was on schedule from the waste data received from the pit entry gate designating system C. If the value exceeds the allowable range, it is recorded that there is a change in the waste database B for each district, and if this tendency continues, the data in the waste database B for each district is corrected. The waste transshipment system E secures a certain amount of high-calorie waste, and the rest is divided into average calorific waste, slightly high calorific waste, and slightly low calorific waste. Since the waste quality of the input waste is known in advance, specify the destination address so that the waste will be mixed evenly and a uniform waste will be prepared. In order to equalize the quality of this waste, the waste input results should be aggregated, and the average should be the target, and the specific gravity should be equal. If there is an address with the same conditions, select an address with a relatively low waste level relative to the target waste level set in consideration of later transshipment. Generally, garbage is thrown in during the daytime, and transshipment is required, so the crane has a high operating rate, but at night, the garbage is homogenized and the bag is broken (including special equipment) for mixing and dehydration, and mixing. You can add work.

When the combustion condition is bad, such as when the incinerator is started and stopped, the waste throwing system F contains a large amount of paper and the like, generates a large amount of heat, and supplies a waste material having a short burning time. When incineration is started up and completed in a short time, on the other hand, in the case of stable incineration, the incinerator (when there are multiple furnaces, all incinerators) In order to maximize the combustion time and to incinerate the waste in the pit smoothly, determine the type of waste, the input amount and the input time interval, issue an operation command to the feeder of the crane and input hopper, and at the same time When the operating condition is judged from the data such as combustion temperature and carbon monoxide amount, and when the actual incineration data begins to dissociate from the scheduled incineration data, the crane and the input hopper are considered in consideration of the time constant from the input to the combustion of the input hopper. In the feeder Put out a broadcast. The waste in the pits sorted and homogenized in the pit is instructed by the waste injecting system F to the crane depending on the condition of the injecting hopper of the incinerator. At the start of incineration, the place where the dust is grabbed is the place where a large amount of heat is generated, and the startup is done in a short time. At the end of incineration, select an address for garbage that has a large amount of heat generation and a short burning time, as described above. In the case of continuous incineration, select waste with an average calorific value. Minimum input amount to keep the production of harmful substances such as dioxins within the specified value, pit storage capacity, dust accumulation amount, daily waste input amount, maximum combustion capacity of incinerator,
The maximum loading interval is calculated from the gripping capacity of the crane, and operation commands are given to the feeders of the automatic crane and the waste loading hopper. If there are multiple gripping position candidates for the same waste quality, consider a later transshipment and select an address with a relatively high waste level. When the furnace temperature drops or the amount of carbon monoxide increases during continuous incineration, dust with a slightly higher calorific value is added, while the furnace temperature rises or the amount of carbon monoxide decreases. The waste with a slightly lower calorific value is thrown in. In each case, consider the time constant from the input to the input hopper of the incinerator to the incineration, and return to the input of waste of average calorific value at an early stage. The input is controlled so that the production of harmful substances such as dioxins is suppressed, but if continuous measurement is difficult, the relative relationship such as the temperature of the incinerator and the amount of carbon monoxide is known. It is used for control by continuously measuring the amount that is easy to measure. The operation command method for the automatic crane is indicated by the address of the grip point and the address of the loading position, and the feeder is instructed by the loading volume per unit time.

Next, the operation of the refuse processing system of the present invention will be described. Garbage truck 1 is at the entrance gate 2 of the treatment plant
Before entering, the card reader 3 recognizes the identification number of the collection vehicle 1 by the card reader 3, collates it with the collection vehicle table 4, and specifies the collection area. At this time, the weight of the garbage truck 1 is measured by the weighing device 5, and the weight of the garbage is calculated from the difference between the weight of the garbage truck 1 and the own weight registered in the truck table 4. This is performed by the collected waste identification system A.

Next, by the pit entry gate designation system C, the quality of the waste is determined from the waste database B for each area, using the collection area determined by the waste identification system A as a key, and is allocated from the expected amount of waste to be collected for each type of waste. One of the selected input gates 6 is selected. If there are multiple candidate input gates 6, determine the order so that the amount of pit accumulation near the input port is even smaller and that the garbage truck 1 that collects the same type of waste does not concentrate on the nearby input port. The destination entry gate 6 is determined for the garbage truck 1. The result is displayed on the destination signboard 7, and the entrance gate 2 is opened. The gate number 8 is displayed on the loading gate 6, and the garbage truck 1 arrives at the designated loading gate. The garbage transfer system E interlocks with the automatic crane 4 at the loading gate 6, and the indicator light 9 indicates whether or not garbage can be loaded. Therefore, the driver operates the gate opening / closing operation panel 10 in accordance with the display. .

In this way, it is confirmed that the waste has been thrown in and the loading gate 6 has been closed, and an address is specified for the automatic crane 4 to instruct a gripping operation. The garbage truck 1 and the crane go to the same place at the same time, and the loading gate 6 and the indicator lamp 9 are controlled so as not to interfere with each other. The automatic crane 4 grabs the trash at an address near the designated input port and reports it to the trash transfer system E.

The waste transshipment system E compares the waste data received from the pit entry gate designating system C and determines whether the waste was on schedule. If the value exceeds the allowable range, it is recorded that there is a change in the waste database B for each district, and if this tendency continues, recent data is displayed on the control computer 11 and the administrator needs to correct it. If sex is accepted, the data in the waste database B for each district is modified. The garbage transshipment system E has a large amount of paper, low specific gravity, and after securing a certain amount of high-calorie waste, the average amount of heat generated from the past results, the amount of heat generated is slightly high, and the amount of heat generated is slightly low. Specify the address of the destination by classifying the waste into homogeneous waste and judging whether or not it is homogeneous. Concretely, for example, the actual amount of waste input in the past one week is totaled, and the average is set as a target to make the specific gravity even. In order to make the waste quality even, calculate the specific gravity cumulatively up to the number of times after the address and select the address that is closest to the average value. If the conditions are the same, select an address with a relatively low waste level with respect to the target waste level determined in consideration of later transshipment.
If there is enough space in the crane and there is no transshipment or loading, add bag breaking work and mixing work to make the waste quality more uniform.

The waste 13 sorted by the waste transshipment system E into the pits 12 puts in the hopper 15 of the incinerator 14.
With reference to the data of the level sensor 16 attached to the automatic crane 4, the automatic crane 4 is given a loading instruction at the following intervals. The start of incineration is discriminated from the signal from the furnace, and the automatic crane 4 is instructed to grab the waste having a large amount of heat generation and the waste at the address of the waste having a large amount of heat generation and a short burning time at the end of the incineration. At the start of incineration, from the data of the temperature sensor 17 of the furnace, from the time when the temperature rises, the charging is switched to waste of an average calorific value in consideration of the time constant of the furnace. At the end of incineration, supply a fixed amount of waste with a large amount of heat and a short burning time, and then stop the supply. For continuous operation, select an average amount of heat generation waste. The supply amount to the input hopper 15 is the minimum supply amount to the incinerator for suppressing harmful substances such as dioxins within the specified value, the amount of dust accumulated in the pit, the storable capacity of the pit,
Input amount into the input hopper calculated from the input amount of waste from the collection vehicle within a certain period in the future Determine the input amount into the input hopper from the maximum combustion capacity of the incinerator, and input from the gripping capacity of the bucket 20 of the crane 4 The loading interval to the hopper 15 is determined, a loading interval is given to the crane 4 at a necessary interval, and the garbage is supplied to the incinerator 14 by the feeder 18 converted from the loading amount to the loading hopper 15. Give operating speed command.

Since harmful substances are easily generated at the time of starting and ending the incinerator, the feeding interval is set as long as possible so as to extend the continuous operation time as much as possible.

When the same dust quality is present at a plurality of positions when the grip position is determined, in order to facilitate the subsequent transshipment, the pit 12 is higher than a certain length in both sides in the longitudinal direction,
Moreover, an address having a certain inclination or more on the pit entry gate 6 side with respect to the perpendicular direction, that is, an address having a relatively high dust level in a desired dust accumulation state is selected.

When the data of the temperature sensor 17 of the furnace is lowered, or when the carbon monoxide detector 19 detects that the carbon monoxide concentration is increased, the input amount is increased or dust having a slightly high heating value is generated. Inversely, when the temperature of the furnace rises or the carbon monoxide concentration decreases, dust with a slightly lower calorific value is charged, both taking into consideration the time constant of the incinerator,
Return to throwing in waste with an average calorific value early.

The operation instruction to the automatic crane 4 is given by the automatic crane system D. Normally, the input to the input hopper 15 is given the highest priority, and then the operation order is determined in the order of transshipment and mixing, and the address of the gripping point and the input are input. Indicate the address of the location and the route to go through. The automatic crane 4 not only weighs the waste at the gripping point but also provides the level of dust accumulation from the landing level of the bucket 20 to the host computer. Further, it is equipped with a pit dust level measuring device using an ultrasonic sensor, and it is possible to measure the dust level at a passing address during operation and more accurately report the dust accumulation state to a higher-level computer.

[0029]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the waste treatment system of the present invention, comprehensive management from waste collection to incineration is possible, the quality of waste to be put into the incinerator is stabilized, and the operation condition of the incinerator is changed. It is possible to reduce the temperature fluctuations in the incinerator by selecting an appropriate type of waste, input amount and input time interval, and to generate toxic substances such as dioxins without increasing the incineration treatment cost and facility cost of the waste. Can be reliably suppressed.

In addition, the dust thrown from the throwing gate is
Grasp it with an automatic crane, measure the specific gravity of the dumped garbage from the bucket capacity and lifting weight of the automatic crane, and measure the specific gravity of the garbage and the specific gravity of the garbage in the collection area recorded in the garbage database by district. If the two do not match, the record of the quality of waste recorded in the waste database by district is changed by modifying the record of the waste quality recorded in the waste database by district, depending on the living environment, etc. The waste quality can be corrected according to the waste quality actually discharged from the collection area, and the waste quality can be managed more accurately.

Further, by setting the type of waste to be put into the incinerator, the input amount and the input time interval so that the incinerator can be operated continuously as long as possible, incineration in which harmful substances such as dioxins are easily generated. The number of times of starting and stopping the operation of the furnace can be reduced, and the production of harmful substances such as dioxin can be further suppressed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of a refuse processing system of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

A garbage collection system Garbage database according to B district C pit entry gate designation system D Automatic crane system E garbage transshipment system F garbage throwing system 1 garbage truck 2 entrance gates 3 card reader 4 Automatic crane 5 Weighing machine 6 input gate 7 Destination display board 8 gate numbers 9 indicator light 10 Gate opening / closing operation panel 11 Control computer 12 pits 13 garbage 14 incinerator 15 Input hopper 16 level sensor 17 Temperature sensor 18 feeder 19 Carbon monoxide detector 20 buckets

Front page continuation (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) F23K 1/00 B09B 5/00 L

Claims (3)

[Claims] [Claim 1] The collection area is determined from the data such as the identification number of the garbage collection vehicle, and the garbage collected in the garbage collection vehicle according to the record of the quality of the collection area recorded in the garbage database by area is collected. The quality is classified by garbage truck,
Instruct the garbage collection vehicle to put in the garbage, and put the garbage into the garbage collection gate classified according to the quality of the garbage.
Prepare different types of waste with different calorific values by reloading the waste that is input using an automatic crane, and enter the type of waste, the input amount and the input time interval into the incinerator.
A waste treatment system characterized by setting the incinerator so that it can be operated in an optimal state and operating the automatic crane and the feeder of the input hopper of the incinerator accordingly. 2. The garbage thrown in from the throwing gate is grabbed by an automatic crane, the specific gravity of the thrown garbage is measured from the bucket capacity and hoisting weight of the automatic crane, and the measured specific gravity of the garbage and the garbage database by area The specific gravity of the waste in the collection area recorded in (1) is compared, and when the two do not match, the waste quality record recorded in the waste database by area is corrected. Garbage disposal system. 3. The refuse according to claim 1, wherein the type, the amount and the time interval of the waste to be put into the incinerator are set so that the incinerator can be operated continuously for as long as possible. Processing system.