JP2000058033A5 - - Google Patents

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JP2000058033A5
JP2000058033A5 JP1998224313A JP22431398A JP2000058033A5 JP 2000058033 A5 JP2000058033 A5 JP 2000058033A5 JP 1998224313 A JP1998224313 A JP 1998224313A JP 22431398 A JP22431398 A JP 22431398A JP 2000058033 A5 JP2000058033 A5 JP 2000058033A5
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metal
electrode terminal
negative electrode
brazing
aqueous electrolyte
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JP1998224313A
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JP2000058033A (en
JP4975202B2 (en
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Priority to JP22431398A priority Critical patent/JP4975202B2/en
Priority claimed from JP22431398A external-priority patent/JP4975202B2/en
Priority to EP99115588A priority patent/EP0978888B1/en
Priority to US09/369,461 priority patent/US6335117B1/en
Priority to DE69907586T priority patent/DE69907586T2/en
Publication of JP2000058033A publication Critical patent/JP2000058033A/en
Publication of JP2000058033A5 publication Critical patent/JP2000058033A5/ja
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Description

【書類名】 明細書
【発明の名称】 非水電解質電池
【特許請求の範囲】
【請求項1】 負極端子に絶縁性のセラミック材を外嵌し、このセラミック材を金属外装部材の開口孔に挿入して封止固定した非水電解質電池において、
セラミック材と負極端子との間が銅を主成分とする金属ロウによってロウ付けされ封止固定されたことを特徴とする非水電解質電池。
【請求項2】 前記銅を主成分とする金属ロウの銅成分が50%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非水電解質電池。
【発明の詳細な説明】
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、非水電解質電池において、電池ケースの一部を構成する金属外装部材の開口孔にセラミック材を介して負極端子を絶縁封止固定した気密端子に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
電池は、電池ケース内部に密閉した発電要素の正負極を外部回路と接続するために気密端子が設けられる。このような電池としては、図3に示すように、正極端子1と負極端子2をそれぞれセラミック材3を介して電池ケースに絶縁固定したものがある。これらの正極端子1と負極端子2は、それぞれリング状のセラミック材3を外嵌して外環金属部材5の開口孔に挿入され、これら正負極端子1,2とセラミック材3との間、及び、セラミック材3と外環金属部材5の開口孔との間を金属ロウ4,4でロウ付け固定される。そして、外環金属部材5,5は、金属蓋部6の2箇所の開口孔に挿入して溶接により封止固定され、この金属蓋部6は、発電要素7を収納した金属容器部8の上端開口部に嵌め込み溶接により封止固定される。また、正極端子1と負極端子2は、下端部がそれぞれ発電要素7の正負極に接続される。従って、これらの正負極端子1,2は、金属容器部8と金属蓋部6と外環金属部材5とからなる密閉された電池ケース内の発電要素7の正負極をセラミック材3によって絶縁されて外部に引き出すことができる。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、Ni−Cd電池やNi−MH電池の場合には、上記セラミック材3をロウ付けするための金属ロウ4として銀ロウや銀−銅ロウ(銅成分が15〜40%)が用いられていた。しかしながら、非水電解質電池でこのような銀ロウや銀−銅ロウを用いると、負極端子2とセラミック材3との間をロウ付けする金属ロウ4が非水電解液と接触することによりリチウム等のアルカリ金属との合金化反応の溶解反応によって腐食が生じ、気密漏れを起こしてサイクル寿命及びカレンダ−寿命が短くなるという問題があった。
【0004】
本発明は、かかる事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、負極端子に接する金属ロウに銅を主成分とするロウ材を用いることにより、この金属ロウの腐食を防止することができる非水電解質電池を提供することを目的としている。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1の発明は、負極端子に絶縁性のセラミック材を外嵌し、このセラミック材を金属外装部材の開口孔に挿入して封止固定した非水電解質電池において、セラミック材と負極端子との間が銅を主成分とする金属ロウによってロウ付けされ封止固定されたことを特徴とする。
【0006】
請求項1の発明によれば、負極端子と接する金属ロウが銅を主成分とするロウ材であるあるため、この金属ロウがリチウム等と合金化反応を起こしにくく腐食を生じにくくなる。
【0007】
なお、金属外装部材とは、非水電解質電池の電池ケースの一部を構成する部材であり、金属容器部や金属蓋部、又は、これらの開口孔に嵌め込み固定する外環金属部材等を意味する。
【0008】
請求項2の発明は、前記銅を主成分とする金属ロウの銅成分が50%以上であることを特徴とする。
【0009】
請求項2の発明によれば、銅の含有率が高い金属ロウを用いるので、リチウム等との合金化反応に起因する気密漏れを防止することができるようになる。
【0010】
本発明においては、負極端子が銅又は銅合金から成ることが好ましい。
【0011】
本発明においては、負極端子がニッケル又はニッケル合金から成ることが好ましい。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明が好適に用いられるアルカリ金属を内部に有する非水電解液電池についての実施形態について図面を参照して説明する。尚、本発明は特にアルカリ金属を活物質とする非水電解質二次電池、特にはリチウム非水電解質二次電池に適したものであるが、非水電解質電池に広く適用することができるものである。
【0013】
図1〜図2は本発明の一実施形態を示すものであって、図1は非水電解質二次電池の負極端子部分の一部拡大縦断面図、図2は非水電解質二次電池の分解斜視図である。なお、図3に示した従来例と同様の機能を有する構成部材には同じ番号を付記する。
【0014】
本実施形態は、図3に示した従来例と同様に、電池ケースの金属蓋部6の開口孔に挿入固定した外環金属部材5,5にそれぞれセラミック材3,3を介して正極端子1と負極端子2を絶縁封止固定した非水電解質二次電池について説明する。
【0015】
負極端子2は、銅又は銅合金のピンである。また、セラミック材3は、アルミナやこのアルミナを主成分とするものを用いる。この負極端子2は、図1に示すように、リング状のセラミック材3を外嵌して外環金属部材5の開口孔に挿入される。そして、この負極端子2とセラミック材3との間、及び、このセラミック材3と開口孔との間をそれぞれ金属ロウ4,4でロウ付けすることにより絶縁封止固定する。この際、少なくとも負極端子2とセラミック材3との間の金属ロウ4は、銅を主成分とするロウ材を用いる。銅を主成分とするロウ材としては、銅成分が50%以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは60%以上、さらに好ましくは85%以上であることが望まれる。また、銅以外の第2成分としては、金、銀又は亜鉛が好ましく、特に銅の含有量を減らすことができるという意味では亜鉛が好ましい。セラミック材3と外環金属部材5の開口孔との間は、他の金属のロウ材を用いてもよく、本実施形態のように多環金属部材5をアルミニウム、或いはアルミニウム合金とする場合には、アルミロウを用いるのが好ましい。
【0016】
正極端子1は、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金のピンである。この正極端子1も、正極端子1と同様に、リング状のセラミック材3を外嵌して外環金属部材5の開口孔に挿入される。そして、この正極端子1とセラミック材3との間、及び、このセラミック材3と開口孔との間をそれぞれ金属ロウ4,4でロウ付けすることにより絶縁封止固定する。ここでの金属ロウ4のロウ材は特に限定しないが、アルミニウム合金ロウを用いるのが好ましい。
【0017】
本実施形態の非水電解質二次電池は、図3に示したように、発電要素7を金属容器部8内に収納し、この金属容器部8の上端開口部に金属蓋部6を嵌め込んで溶接により封止固定する。そして、図2に示すように、上記正極端子1と負極端子2を絶縁封止固定した外環金属部材5,5をこの金属蓋部6の2箇所の開口孔にそれぞれ挿入して溶接により封止固定する。この際、これら正極端子1と負極端子2は、下端部をそれぞれ発電要素7の正負極に接続する。また、金属容器部8内には、非水電解液を注入する。これら金属蓋部6と金属容器部8は、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金を用いることにより軽量化を図ることができる。また、外環金属部材5も、ここではアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金等を用いる。
【0018】
上記構成の非水電解質二次電池によれば、負極端子2と接する金属ロウ4が銅を主成分とするロウ材であるため、非水電解液と接触した際に、リチウムと合金化反応を起こしにくくなり、致命的な気密漏れを生じるような金属からの腐食を防止することができる。
【0019】
ここで、ロウ材として、JIS規格のBCu−1(ほぼ純銅ロウ)とBAu−1(銅成分が約63%の金ロウ)とBAg−8(銅成分が約28%の銀−銅ロウ)とBAu−4(銅成分が約18%の金ロウ)について、サイクリックボルタンメトリーによって、リチウム電位における腐食電流の有無を測定した。この結果、BCu−1では、腐食電流が認められなかったが、他のロウ材では腐食電流が認められた。そして、この腐食電流は、BAu−1<BAg−8<BAu−4の関係で大きくなるので、銅の含有量が大きくなるほど腐食電流が小さくなることが分かった。また、これらのロウ材の棒状体をリチウムと短絡させて60°Cの温度環境で一週間保持した後に、棒状体の表面を観察したところ、銅の含有量の少ないBAg−8とBAu−4では、腐食や亀裂の発生が激しく実使用に耐えないと判断されたが、ほぼ純銅のBCu−1では腐食は見られず、銅の含有量の大きいBAu−1でもわずかな腐食は見られたものの亀裂の発生はなく、これらは実使用可能であると判断できた。そこで、これら実使用が可能と判断されたBCu−1とBAu−1を金属ロウ4のロウ材として用いてセラミック材3をロウ付けした非水電解質二次電池を作製し、充放電を繰り返したところ、いずれも実用上問題が生じるような腐食は発生しなかった。尚、サイクリックボルタンメトリ−は、EC:DMC:DEC=2:2:1の混合溶媒に、Lipf6 を1モル濃度溶解させたもので行った。また、電池等上記においてはすべて同じ電解液を用いた。更に、電池の正極活物質はLiCo2 、負極活物質は黒鉛で、その構造は図1〜図3に示す長円筒型のうず巻き型の非水電解液リチウム二次電池である。
【0020】
なお、上記実施形態では、負極端子2をセラミック材3を介して外環金属部材5に絶縁封止固定する場合について説明したが、電池ケースを構成する金属外装部材であれば、いずれの部材に絶縁封止固定してもよい。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明の非水電解質電池によれば、負極端子と接する金属ロウに銅を主成分とするロウ材を用いるので、リチウム等のアルカリ金属との合金化反応によって腐食を生じるようなことがなくなり、気密漏れによるサイクル寿命及びカレンダ−寿命の短縮を防止することができるようになる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】
本発明の一実施形態を示すものであって、非水電解質二次電池の負極端子部分の一部拡大縦断面図である。
【図2】
本発明の一実施形態を示すものであって、非水電解質二次電池の分解斜視図である。
【図3】
従来例を示すものであって、非水電解質電池の構造を示す縦断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 正極端子
2 負極端子
3 セラミック材
4 金属ロウ
5 外環金属部材
[Document name] Specification [Title of invention] Non-aqueous electrolyte battery [Claims]
1. In a non-aqueous electrolyte battery in which an insulating ceramic material is externally fitted to a negative electrode terminal, and the ceramic material is inserted into an opening hole of a metal exterior member and sealed and fixed.
A non-aqueous electrolyte battery characterized in that the space between the ceramic material and the negative electrode terminal is brazed with a metal brazing containing copper as a main component and sealed and fixed.
2. The non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1, wherein the copper component of the metal wax containing copper as a main component is 50% or more.
Description: TECHNICAL FIELD [Detailed description of the invention]
[0001]
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention relates to an airtight terminal in a non-aqueous electrolyte battery in which a negative electrode terminal is insulated and fixed via a ceramic material in an opening hole of a metal exterior member forming a part of a battery case.
0002.
[Conventional technology]
The battery is provided with an airtight terminal for connecting the positive and negative electrodes of the power generation element sealed inside the battery case to an external circuit. As shown in FIG. 3, such a battery includes a battery in which a positive electrode terminal 1 and a negative electrode terminal 2 are insulated and fixed to a battery case via a ceramic material 3, respectively. The positive electrode terminal 1 and the negative electrode terminal 2 are respectively fitted with a ring-shaped ceramic material 3 and inserted into the opening hole of the outer ring metal member 5, and between the positive and negative electrode terminals 1 and 2 and the ceramic material 3. Then, the ceramic material 3 and the opening hole of the outer ring metal member 5 are brazed and fixed with metal waxes 4 and 4. Then, the outer ring metal members 5 and 5 are inserted into the two opening holes of the metal lid portion 6 and sealed and fixed by welding, and the metal lid portion 6 is the metal container portion 8 containing the power generation element 7. It is fitted into the upper end opening and sealed and fixed by welding. Further, the lower ends of the positive electrode terminal 1 and the negative electrode terminal 2 are connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the power generation element 7, respectively. Therefore, in these positive and negative electrode terminals 1, the positive and negative electrodes of the power generation element 7 in the sealed battery case including the metal container portion 8, the metal lid portion 6, and the outer ring metal member 5 are insulated by the ceramic material 3. Can be pulled out.
0003
[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
By the way, in the case of a Ni-Cd battery or a Ni-MH battery, silver brazing or silver-copper brazing (copper component is 15 to 40%) is used as the metal brazing 4 for brazing the ceramic material 3. It was. However, when such silver brazing or silver-copper brazing is used in a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, the metal brazing 4 that brazes between the negative electrode terminal 2 and the ceramic material 3 comes into contact with the non-aqueous electrolyte solution to cause lithium or the like. Corrosion occurs due to the dissolution reaction of the alloying reaction with the alkali metal, causing airtight leakage, and there is a problem that the cycle life and the brazing life are shortened.
0004
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and a non-aqueous electrolyte battery capable of preventing corrosion of the metal wax by using a brazing material containing copper as a main component for the metal wax in contact with the negative electrode terminal. Is intended to provide.
0005
[Means for solving problems]
The invention of claim 1 is a non-aqueous electrolyte battery in which an insulating ceramic material is externally fitted to a negative electrode terminal, and the ceramic material is inserted into an opening hole of a metal exterior member to seal and fix the ceramic material and the negative electrode terminal. It is characterized in that the space is brazed with a metal brazing containing copper as a main component and sealed and fixed.
0006
According to the invention of claim 1, since the metal wax in contact with the negative electrode terminal is a brazing material containing copper as a main component, the metal wax is less likely to cause an alloying reaction with lithium or the like and is less likely to cause corrosion.
0007
The metal exterior member is a member that constitutes a part of a battery case of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, and means a metal container portion, a metal lid portion, an outer ring metal member that is fitted and fixed in these opening holes, and the like. To do.
0008
The invention of claim 2 is characterized in that the copper component of the metal wax containing copper as a main component is 50% or more.
0009
According to the invention of claim 2, since the metal wax having a high copper content is used, airtight leakage due to an alloying reaction with lithium or the like can be prevented.
0010
In the present invention, it is preferable that the negative electrode terminal is made of copper or a copper alloy.
0011
In the present invention, it is preferable that the negative electrode terminal is made of nickel or a nickel alloy.
0012
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery having an alkali metal inside, in which the present invention is preferably used, will be described with reference to the drawings. The present invention is particularly suitable for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using an alkali metal as an active material, particularly a lithium non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, but can be widely applied to a non-aqueous electrolyte battery. is there.
0013
1 and 2 show an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a partially enlarged vertical sectional view of a negative electrode terminal portion of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and FIG. 2 is a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. It is an exploded perspective view. The same numbers are added to the constituent members having the same functions as those of the conventional example shown in FIG.
0014.
In this embodiment, as in the conventional example shown in FIG. 3, the positive electrode terminals 1 are inserted and fixed in the opening holes of the metal lid 6 of the battery case via the ceramic materials 3 and 3, respectively. A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which the negative electrode terminal 2 is insulated and fixed will be described.
0015.
The negative electrode terminal 2 is a pin made of copper or a copper alloy. Further, as the ceramic material 3, alumina or a material containing this alumina as a main component is used. As shown in FIG. 1, the negative electrode terminal 2 is inserted into the opening hole of the outer ring metal member 5 by externally fitting the ring-shaped ceramic material 3. Then, the negative electrode terminal 2 and the ceramic material 3 and the ceramic material 3 and the opening hole are brazed with metal brazes 4 and 4, respectively, to seal and fix the insulation. At this time, at least the metal wax 4 between the negative electrode terminal 2 and the ceramic material 3 uses a brazing material containing copper as a main component. The brazing material containing copper as a main component preferably has a copper component of 50% or more, more preferably 60% or more, and further preferably 85% or more. Further, as the second component other than copper, gold, silver or zinc is preferable, and zinc is particularly preferable in the sense that the content of copper can be reduced. A brazing material of another metal may be used between the ceramic material 3 and the opening hole of the outer ring metal member 5, and when the polycyclic metal member 5 is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy as in the present embodiment. It is preferable to use aluminum wax.
0016.
The positive electrode terminal 1 is an aluminum or aluminum alloy pin. Similar to the positive electrode terminal 1, the positive electrode terminal 1 is also inserted into the opening hole of the outer ring metal member 5 by externally fitting the ring-shaped ceramic material 3. Then, the positive electrode terminal 1 and the ceramic material 3 and the ceramic material 3 and the opening hole are brazed with metal braces 4 and 4, respectively, to seal and fix the insulation. The brazing material of the metal wax 4 here is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use an aluminum alloy brazing material.
[0017]
In the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the power generation element 7 is housed in the metal container portion 8, and the metal lid portion 6 is fitted into the upper end opening of the metal container portion 8. It is sealed and fixed by welding. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the outer ring metal members 5 and 5 in which the positive electrode terminal 1 and the negative electrode terminal 2 are insulated and fixed are inserted into the two opening holes of the metal lid portion 6 and sealed by welding. Stop and fix. At this time, the lower ends of the positive electrode terminal 1 and the negative electrode terminal 2 are connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the power generation element 7, respectively. Further, a non-aqueous electrolytic solution is injected into the metal container portion 8. The weight of the metal lid portion 6 and the metal container portion 8 can be reduced by using aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Further, as the outer ring metal member 5, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or the like is used here.
0018
According to the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having the above configuration, since the metal brazing metal 4 in contact with the negative electrode terminal 2 is a brazing material containing copper as a main component, when it comes into contact with the non-aqueous electrolyte solution, it undergoes an alloying reaction with lithium. Corrosion from metal that is less likely to occur and causes fatal airtight leakage can be prevented.
0019
Here, as the brazing material, JIS standard BCu-1 (almost pure copper brazing), BAu-1 (gold brazing having a copper component of about 63%) and BAg-8 (silver-copper brazing having a copper component of about 28%). And BAu-4 (gold wax having a copper component of about 18%) were measured for the presence or absence of corrosion current at the lithium potential by cyclic voltammetry. As a result, no corrosion current was observed in BCu-1, but a corrosion current was observed in other brazing materials. Then, since this corrosion current increases due to the relationship of BAu-1 <BAg-8 <BAu-4, it was found that the corrosion current decreases as the copper content increases. Further, after short-circuiting the rod-shaped bodies of these brazing materials with lithium and holding them in a temperature environment of 60 ° C. for one week, when the surface of the rod-shaped bodies was observed, BAg-8 and BAu-4 having a low copper content were observed. However, it was judged that corrosion and cracks were severe and could not withstand actual use, but corrosion was not observed with BCu-1, which is almost pure copper, and slight corrosion was observed even with BAu-1, which has a high copper content. However, there were no cracks, and it was judged that these were actually usable. Therefore, a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which the ceramic material 3 was brazed was produced by using BCu-1 and BAu-1, which were judged to be usable in practice, as the brazing material of the metal brazing 4, and charging and discharging were repeated. However, no corrosion that caused a problem in practical use occurred in any of them. The cyclic voltammetry was carried out by dissolving Lipf 6 at a concentration of 1 mol in a mixed solvent of EC: DMC: DEC = 2: 2: 1. In addition, the same electrolyte was used in all of the above, such as batteries. Further, the positive electrode active material of the battery is LiCo 2 , the negative electrode active material is graphite, and the structure thereof is a long-cylindrical spiral-wound non-aqueous electrolyte lithium secondary battery shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
0020
In the above embodiment, the case where the negative electrode terminal 2 is insulated and fixed to the outer ring metal member 5 via the ceramic material 3 has been described, but any member can be used as long as it is a metal exterior member constituting the battery case. It may be insulated and fixed.
0021.
【Effect of the invention】
As is clear from the above description, according to the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention, since a brazing material containing copper as a main component is used for the metal brazing in contact with the negative electrode terminal, it is subjected to an alloying reaction with an alkali metal such as lithium. Corrosion will not occur, and shortening of cycle life and calendar life due to airtight leakage can be prevented.
[Simple explanation of drawings]
FIG. 1
It shows one embodiment of the present invention, and is a partially enlarged vertical sectional view of a negative electrode terminal portion of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
FIG. 2
It shows one Embodiment of this invention and is an exploded perspective view of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
FIG. 3
It is a vertical sectional view which shows the structure of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery which shows the conventional example.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Positive electrode terminal 2 Negative electrode terminal 3 Ceramic material 4 Metal wax 5 Outer ring metal member

JP22431398A 1998-08-07 1998-08-07 Non-aqueous electrolyte battery Expired - Fee Related JP4975202B2 (en)

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JP22431398A JP4975202B2 (en) 1998-08-07 1998-08-07 Non-aqueous electrolyte battery
EP99115588A EP0978888B1 (en) 1998-08-07 1999-08-06 Nonaqueous electrolyte battery
US09/369,461 US6335117B1 (en) 1998-08-07 1999-08-06 Nonaqueous electrolyte battery having hermetically sealed terminals
DE69907586T DE69907586T2 (en) 1998-08-07 1999-08-06 Battery with non-aqueous electrolyte

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US7166388B2 (en) 2000-02-02 2007-01-23 Quallion Llc Brazed ceramic seal for batteries
US6605382B2 (en) 2000-04-26 2003-08-12 Quallion Llc Lithium ion battery suitable for hybrid electric vehicles
US6607843B2 (en) 2000-02-02 2003-08-19 Quallion Llc Brazed ceramic seal for batteries with titanium-titanium-6A1-4V cases
US7041413B2 (en) 2000-02-02 2006-05-09 Quallion Llc Bipolar electronics package
JP6380893B2 (en) * 2014-06-19 2018-08-29 パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 Contact device and electromagnetic relay using the same
CN106463309B (en) 2014-06-19 2018-10-30 松下知识产权经营株式会社 The electromagnetic relay of contact making device and the use contact making device and the manufacturing method of contact making device
CN111224022A (en) * 2018-11-23 2020-06-02 常州微宙电子科技有限公司 Lithium ion battery and double-sided insulating metal cover plate thereof

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