JP2000038746A - Horizontality detector for construction equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a horizontality detector used for a construction equipment having good visualization. SOLUTION: A horizontality detector 20 is provided with a level 7A extending to the right and left of the construction equipment for detecting the horizontality and a stable 10 retaining the level 7A slantly to the rear of the operator's cabin 4. As a result, a view port 7A provided on the upper surface of the level 7A becomes to face diagonally to the upper rear part of the operator's cabin, thus improves the visuality of the level 7A.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a level detector used for construction machines such as hydraulic excavators.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a construction machine, for example, a hydraulic shovel, an upper revolving structure is rotatably provided on a lower traveling structure, and a driver's cab is provided on the upper revolving structure. The operator operates the operation lever and the like in the cab to drive, turn,
Excavation work and the like are performed by controlling the operation and the like of the front device.

[0003] If the work surface of the work site has irregularities or the work surface is inclined, the hydraulic excavator itself is inclined in the front, rear, left and right directions, and the work is performed in such an inclined posture. However, from the viewpoint of work safety and work efficiency,
It is preferable to perform the work while keeping the posture of the excavator horizontal by leveling the work site or the like. Note that the left-right direction and the front-back direction are directions viewed from the operator sitting on the driver's seat, and the same applies to the following description. Therefore,
In a conventional hydraulic excavator (Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 7-23056), a level for checking horizontal level and a level in the front-rear direction are provided at a front end side of an instrument panel provided in a cab of the hydraulic excavator. Levels for confirmation are provided so as to be orthogonal to each other on the same plane, and the levelness of the revolving superstructure (that is, the excavator itself) in the front-rear and left-right directions is confirmed by using these levels.

[0004]

However, since each level described above is disposed in front of the operator sitting in the driver's seat, the operator observes each level from obliquely above. As a result, there is a drawback that it is difficult to read the index (bubbles) of the level which detects the horizontal level in the horizontal direction.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a level detector with good visibility in a level of a construction machine.

[0006]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 3, 7 and 11. (1) To be described with reference to FIGS.
The invention is applied to a horizontality detector 20 which is provided in the cab 4 of the construction machine and detects at least the horizontality of the construction machine in the left-right direction. The level 7A for detecting the level, and the level 7A is tilted and held to the rear of the cab 4 so that the leveling index observation window 74 provided on the upper surface of the level 7A faces obliquely rearward and upward. The above object is achieved by providing the member 10. Note that the horizontality index corresponds to the bubble 70 shown in FIG. (2) When described in association with FIG. 7, the invention according to claim 2 is the variable mechanism 4 in which the inclination angle of the holding member 43 in the rearward direction is variable in the flatness detector 40 according to claim 1.
2, 45, 8a were provided. (3) When described in association with FIGS. 3 and 11, the invention according to claim 3 extends horizontally in the left-right direction of the construction machine in the cab 4 of the construction machine, and is placed horizontally in the left-right direction of the construction machine. Applied to a horizontality detector for detecting horizontality, a horizontality detector 7
The case 73 of the flatness detector 7F is set so that the index 70 of the F is more visible from the rear side of the cab than the flatness detector 7F.
The above-mentioned object is achieved by forming the horizontality index observation window 74 provided at the top from the top of the case 73 to the rear of the cab.

[0007] In the section of the means for solving the above-mentioned problems, which explains the configuration of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention are used to make the present invention easy to understand. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. -1st Embodiment-FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a hydraulic shovel, where 1 is a lower traveling body,
Reference numeral 3 denotes a revolving frame provided on the lower traveling body 1 so as to be revolvable. Reference numeral 4 denotes a driver's cab provided on the turning frame 3, and an operator performs a driving operation while sitting on a driver's seat (not shown) provided in the driver's cab 4. FIG. 3 is a rear perspective view of the cab 4, and a guard 6 for protecting the side window 5 is provided on the side window 5 of the cab 4. In the present embodiment, the guard 6 is provided with a levelness detector having a level.

FIG. 1 is a view showing a horizontality detector 20 provided on a guard 6 of a side window 5, (a) is a side view,
(B) is a plan view of the horizontality detector 20 as viewed from above,
(C) is the front view seen from the driver's cab front. As shown in FIG. 1, the guard 6 is composed of four rods 6A to 6D, and both ends of these four rods 6A to 6D are held by a cab body structure (not shown). The level detector 20 is attached to the rods 6A and 6B of the guard 6. The horizontality detector 20 includes a mounting plate 8 mounted on the rods 6A and 6B, a mounting table 10 mounted on the mounting plate 8 with bolts 11A and 11B, a level 7A for detecting horizontality in the left-right direction, and a front-rear direction. And a level 7B for detecting the level of the horizontal direction.

As shown in FIG. 1B, the mounting table 10 has two surfaces, a horizontal plane 10A and a slope 10B forming an angle θ with respect to the horizontal plane 10A. The level 7B is arranged along the axis,
0A is provided along the Y axis. The levels 7A and 7B are fixed to the mounting table 10 by screws 12A and 12B and screws 13A and 13B, respectively. The two-dot chain line 9 indicates an operator sitting on the driver's seat (not shown), and the upper surface of the level 7A faces the operator 9, that is, the upper surface of the level 7A is The angle θ of the inclined surface 10B is set so as to be substantially orthogonal to 91.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing details of the level 7A shown in FIG. 1, wherein FIG. 4A is a longitudinal sectional view of the level 7A, FIG. 4B is a plan view of FIG. c) is B- of (a).
B ′ sectional views, and (d) and (e) are plan views when the level 7A is inclined in the left-right direction. The level 7A has a bubble tube 72 in which a liquid 71 is sealed while leaving a slight gas (bubble) 70 in a case 73. A viewing window (opening) 74 is formed in the case 73, and the level of the bubble 70 in the bubble tube 72 is visually recognized from the viewing window 74, so that the level of the level in the horizontal direction, that is, the horizontal direction of the hydraulic shovel, Can be detected. The level 7B for detecting the level in the front-back direction is a level 7 shown in FIG.
Since the structure is the same as A, the description is omitted.

The level 7A shown in FIG. 4 detects whether or not the level 7A is tilted according to the position of the bubble 70 in the left-right direction. When the level 7A is in a substantially horizontal state, the level shown in FIG. The bubble 70 is located between the lines 76a and 76b provided in the bubble tube 2 as shown in FIG. Also, when the level 7A is tilted to the lower right, the bubble 70 moves to the left as shown in FIG. 4D, and conversely, when the level 7A is tilted to the lower left, FIG. Bubbles 7 as in e)
0 moves to the right.

As described above, conventionally, the level in the left-right direction and the level in the front-rear direction are arranged to be orthogonal on the same plane (Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 7-23056). For example, a guard 6 for protecting the side window 5 as in the present embodiment.
In the case where a pair of orthogonal spirit levels are provided in FIG.
As shown in the figure, a pair of spirit levels 7A,
7B is provided.

FIG. 6 is a view for explaining how the operator 9 observes the level 7A when the level 7A is provided as shown in FIG. 6A is a sectional view showing the relationship between the line of sight 91 and the level 7A, and FIG. 6B shows the level 7A observed by the operator 9. As shown in FIG.
When the line of sight 91 is oblique to the upper surface of A, FIG.
As shown in (b), the bubbles 70 and the lines 76a and 76b become difficult to see. For this reason, the operator 9 must change his or her posture so that the air bubbles 70 can be easily seen, which causes a decrease in work efficiency and an increase in the degree of fatigue of the operator 9.

On the other hand, when the line of sight 91 is substantially perpendicular to the upper surface of the level 7A as in the present embodiment (see FIG. 1), the level 7A is the one shown in FIG. And observed almost the same. Therefore, the operator 9 can easily observe the bubble 70 of the level 7A without changing the driving posture, and the visibility of the level 7A is improved.

-Second Embodiment- Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the levelness detector according to the present invention, wherein (a) is a side view of the levelness detector 40,
(B) is a plan view of the horizontality detector 40 as viewed from above. In the horizontality detector 40, the fixing base 41 is
A, 11B fixed to the mounting plate 8,
The screws 11A and 11B also have a function of fixing the mounting plate 8 to the rod 6B. A movable table 43 is attached to the fixed table 41 via a shaft 42.
Can be rotated in the direction of the arrow 44 with the center as the center. A level 7B for detecting horizontality in the front-rear direction is fixed to the fixed base 41, and a level 7A for detecting horizontality in the left-right direction is fixed to the movable base 43. A movable table 4 is provided on the lower surface of the movable table 43.
A positioning device 45 for positioning and fixing the position 3 is provided.

FIG. 7C is a view showing the positioning device 45 in detail. The positioning device 45 includes a case 45a provided on the lower surface of the movable base 43, a positioning pin 45b housed therein, and a pin 45b. And a spring 45c, which is a biasing member for biasing the mounting plate 8 in the direction of the mounting plate 8. Movable table 43
Is rotated by a predetermined angle from the horizontal position, the pin 45c engages with the concave portion 8a formed in the mounting plate 8, and the movable table 43 is fixed at that position. A plurality of recesses 8a are formed on the mounting plate 8 on the same arc centered on the shaft 42. By engaging the pin 45c with any of the plurality of recesses 8a,
The angle of the movable base 43 can be changed to various angles.
The angle change of the movable base 43 is manually performed by the operator.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the movable table 4
By changing the angle of 3, the tilt angle of the level 7A can be adjusted to an angle that is most easily seen by the operator,
The visibility of the level 7A is improved. Furthermore, since the movable base 43 can be changed to various angles, the angle of the level 7A can be adjusted for each operator having a different physique. In the example shown in FIG. 7, the movable table 43 can be set at three types of angles, but the set angle is not limited to three and may be four or more.

Third Embodiment Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams showing a third embodiment of the levelness detector according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 8A is a side view of a levelness detector 50 provided on the guard 6, and FIG. (C) is a front view as viewed from the front of the driver's cab in (a),
(D) is a detailed view of (a). As shown in FIG. 8, an L-shaped horizontality detector 50 is attached to the notch 6 c of the rod 6 A of the guard 6 by screws 23 and 24.
The level 7D for detecting the level in the front-rear direction provided with the level detector 50 is embedded in the rod 6A as shown in FIGS. 8 (c) and 8 (d). On the other hand, the level 7C that detects the horizontal level in the left-right direction is configured to be rotatable about the shaft 55.

FIGS. 9A and 9B are views for explaining the rotating mechanism of the level 7C. FIG. 9A is an exploded perspective view, and FIG. 9B is a cutaway view of the rotating mechanism. A cylindrical projection 51 is provided at a portion of the horizontality detector 50 to which the level 7C is coupled.
An annular projection 52 is formed on the side surface of the projection 51. On the other hand, a hole 53 into which the projection 51 is inserted is formed in the level 7C, and a V-groove 54 is formed on the side surface of the hole 53 so as to fit the projection 52 of the inserted projection 51. . By fitting the protrusion 51 into the hole 53 of the level 7C, the level 7C and the level 7D are integrated. Further, the level 7C thus coupled can be rotated at an arbitrary angle about the central axis 55 of the projection 51 at the coupling portion. As a result, the operator 9 sets the level 7C.
Can be adjusted so that the viewing window 74 of the level 7C is easy to see. Further, similarly to the above-described second embodiment, the angle of the level 7C can be freely changed according to the physique or the like of the operator 9. After the angle of the level 7C is set, it is fixed to that angle with a set screw or the like (not shown).

Fourth Embodiment Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIGS. 10A and 10B are views showing a fourth embodiment of a horizontality detector according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 10A is a side view of a horizontality detector 60 provided on the guard 6, and FIG. (C) and (d) are front views as viewed from the front of the operator's cab in (a). As shown in FIG. 10, a horizontality detector 60 including a level 7E is rotatably attached to a notch 6c formed in the rod 6A of the guard 6 by a pin 25. The level 7E is supported by a pin 25 so as to be rotatable in the horizontal direction.

The level 7E shown in FIG.
By rotating to the position (d) (the position shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 10 (b)), the horizontality in the left-right direction is detected, and by rotating to the position shown in FIG. 10 (c), Detects horizontality in the front-back direction. The level 7E has the same rotation mechanism as the level 7C of the third embodiment described above, and the level 7E can rotate around the shaft 55. As a result, the same effect as in the third embodiment can be obtained, and the horizontal level in the left-right direction and the front-back direction can be detected with one level. further,
After confirming the horizontal state of the construction machine, the level detector 7E may be hindered by driving the level 7E into the notch 6c of the rod 6A as shown by the solid line in FIG. 10B. Absent.

Fifth Embodiment Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
In the above-described first to fourth embodiments, the visibility is improved by changing the angle of the level for detecting the horizontal level in the horizontal direction. However, in the present embodiment, the shape of the viewing window of the level is changed. By devising it, the visibility was improved. 11A and 11B are diagrams showing a level 7F for detecting horizontality in the left-right direction, where FIG. 11A is a plan view, FIG. 11B is a diagram viewed from the rear of the cab in FIG. GG ′ sectional view of FIG. In the present embodiment, the viewing window 74 of the level 7F is moved from the upper surface of the level 7F to a surface 731 on the rear side of the cab as shown in FIG.
To form an opening.

In the case of the level 7A shown in FIG. 5, when it is disposed on the horizontal mounting table 30 and viewed obliquely from above, FIG.
As described above, some of the air bubbles 70 and the lines 76a and 76b are blocked by the side surface of the case 73 (the surface on the rear side of the operator's cab), making it difficult to see. On the other hand, in the level 7F of the present embodiment, the viewing window 74 is used.
Is greatly open to the rear side of the cab, so that FIG.
The bubble 70 and the lines 76a and 76b can be clearly seen even when the level 7F is viewed obliquely from above as indicated by the line of sight 91 of
The position of the bubble 70 can be easily confirmed, and the visibility is improved as compared with the related art.

In the above-described embodiment, the level detector is provided on the guard 6 of the cab 4, but the invention is not limited to this.
For example, it may be provided on the instrument panel in front of the driver's seat. Also,
This embodiment can also be applied to a horizontality detector of a rolling shovel as shown in FIG. FIG. 12 is a front view of the rolling shovel (a front device is omitted). The revolving unit 102 is installed on the traveling unit 101 by a revolving drive mechanism (not shown) so as to be revolvable.
The rolling mechanism 103 is provided so as to be tiltable in the left-right direction in FIG. In the rolling mechanism 103 of FIG. 12, the track frame 101a of the traveling body 101 is connected to the lower frame 102a of the upper swing body 102 via the center pin 101b, and hydraulic cylinders 103A and 103B are provided on the left and right of the center pin 101b. The bottom side of the hydraulic cylinders 103A and 103B is
1, the tip of the piston rod is connected to the upper revolving unit 102, and when there is an inclination or unevenness in the work site as shown in FIG. 12, the operator detects the levelness with a levelness detector provided in the cab 104. While checking the hydraulic cylinder 103A,
The horizontal state of the upper swing body 102 is maintained by expanding and contracting 103B.

In the correspondence between the above-described embodiment and the elements of the claims, the viewing window 74 is a leveling index observation window, the mounting margin 10 and the movable base 43 are holding members, and the shaft 42 in FIG. The positioning device 45, the recess 8a, and the projection 51, the projection 52, the hole 53, and the V-groove 54 of FIG. 9 constitute a variable mechanism, respectively, and the level 7F constitutes a flatness detector according to claim 3. .

[0027]

As described above, claims 1 and 2
According to the invention, since the level for detecting the horizontal level in the left-right direction is held by the holding member while being inclined rearward of the cab, the level provided on the upper surface of the level for an operator who sits behind the level. The window for observing the degree index is easier to see,
The visibility of the level is improved. In particular, according to the second aspect of the present invention, since the inclination of the holding member is made variable by providing a variable mechanism, there is an advantage that the inclination angle of the holding member can be adjusted according to the operator. According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the leveling index observation window is formed from the top of the case of the leveling detector to the rear of the driver's cab, the leveling index observation window is provided for an operator sitting behind the level. Is easy to see, and the visibility of the level is improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

1A and 1B are diagrams showing a horizontality detector 20, wherein FIG. 1A is a side view, FIG. 1B is a plan view, and FIG.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a hydraulic shovel.

FIG. 3 is a rear perspective view of the cab 4;

FIG. 4 is a detailed view of a level 7A, in which (a) is a sectional view,
(B) is a plan view, (c) is a BB ′ cross-sectional view, (d),
(E) is a plan view when the level 7A is inclined in the left-right direction.

FIG. 5 is a diagram when a level 7A is installed horizontally.

6A and 6B are diagrams illustrating a state of the level 7A shown in FIG. 5 observed, wherein FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a line of sight 91 and the level 7A, and FIG. 6B is a level observed by an operator. The figure which shows container 7A.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams showing a second embodiment of the horizontality detector according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 7A is a side view, FIG.
(C) is a detailed view of the positioning device 45.

8A and 8B are diagrams showing a third embodiment of the horizontality detector according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 8A is a side view, FIG.
(C) is a front view, and (d) is a detailed view of (a).

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a rotation mechanism of a level 7C;
(A) is an exploded perspective view, (b) is a broken sectional view of a rotation mechanism part.

FIGS. 10A and 10B are views showing a fourth embodiment of a horizontality detector according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 10A is a side view, FIG.
(C) and (d) are front views.

11A and 11B are diagrams showing a fifth embodiment of a flatness detector according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 11A is a plan view, FIG. 11B is a view as seen from the rear of the cab, and FIG. 'Cross section.

FIG. 12 is a front view of a rolling shovel.

[Explanation of symbols]

 4,104 Operator's cab 5 Side window 6 Guard 7A to 7F Level 8 Mounting plate 8a Concave 9 Operator 10,30 Mounting table 20,40,50,60 Level detector 43 Movable table 45 Positioning device 51 Projection 52 Projection 52 53 hole 54 V-groove 74 sight glass 91 gaze

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A horizontality detector provided in a cab of a construction machine for detecting at least the horizontality of the construction machine in the left-right direction. A level to be detected, and a holding member for holding the level by tilting the level to the rear of the cab so that the leveling index observation window provided on the upper surface of the level faces obliquely rearward and upward. A flatness detector characterized by the above-mentioned. 2. The flatness detector according to claim 1, further comprising a variable mechanism that changes a backward tilt angle of the holding member. 3. A level detector which extends horizontally in the left-right direction of the construction machine and is placed horizontally in a cab of the construction machine, and detects horizontality of the construction machine in the left-right direction. In order for the index to be more easily visible from the rear of the driver's cab than the horizontality detector, a horizontality index observation window provided in the case of the horizontality detector is formed from the top of the case to the rear of the driver's cab. Characteristic levelness detector.