JP2000015260A - Water treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water treatment apparatus provided with electrodes for supplying a current to water to be treated, capable of performing continuous treatment in such a state that the flow-down speed of a treated soln. is relatively high and easy to more enhance treatment efficiency such as sterilization or the like. SOLUTION: A water passing means 111 having a water inlet 116 and a water outlet 117 and a pair of electrodes 113a, b are arranged and, further, a current supply means 112 supplying DC power wherein a voltage/current waveform is a square wave or an impulse wave, DC power of a full wave or half wave obtained by rectifying a sine wave AC, DC power of a solar ray electromotive wave or pure DC power to water to be treated housed in the water passing means 111 through the electrodes 113a, b is provided.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to a water treatment apparatus.

[0002]

Conventionally, as a water treatment apparatus, there is provided a means for thermally treating water in a container, thereby killing microorganisms in the water to be treated.
Various devices already exist, such as devices provided with a means for chemically treating with a drug or the like. However, a device using thermal treatment has a drawback that, when treating a large amount of water quickly and surely, the device must be increased in size, and requires a large amount of energy for heating, resulting in low economic efficiency. Further, in an apparatus using a treatment with a chemical, there is a concern that the chemical to be used may affect the human body, livestock, and the natural environment.

[0003] It is an object of the present invention to provide a widely defined treatment for relatively large amounts of water, including not only killing of microorganisms but also adjustment of eluted ions, economically and rapidly. It is an object of the present invention to provide a water treatment apparatus that can be performed reliably and reliably without affecting the human body, livestock, and the natural environment.

[0004]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a water treatment apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the voltage / current waveform is a square wave or an impulse wave DC power through the electrode. Or, a means is provided for energizing the water to be treated with full-wave or half-wave DC power obtained by rectifying a sine-wave AC, or DC power of a solar electromotive wave, or pure DC power. It has a characteristic configuration.

[0005] In order to have such a characteristic configuration, in the water treatment apparatus according to claim 1 of the present invention, the voltage / current waveform is obtained by rectifying a DC power of a square wave or an impulse wave or a sine wave AC. When the full-wave or half-wave DC power is supplied to the water to be treated, the microorganisms in the water to be treated are more effectively or more economically affected, and the effect on the human body, livestock, and the natural environment is widespread. A device configuration that can be killed is realized by a method with less concern for the generation of water, and when DC power of solar photovoltaic wave or pure DC power is supplied to the water to be treated, it is formed on the electrode surface according to the power supply. Through the action of peeling off the film to be formed from the electrode, a device configuration for maintaining the microorganism killing function of the device is realized.

The apparatus for killing microorganisms in the water to be treated according to the present invention is characterized in that the current supply means has a frequency of 50.
Killing microorganisms in the water to be treated with square wave power exceeding 300 Hz and 300 kHz or impulse wave power having a frequency exceeding 50 Hz and 100 kHz or sine wave AC rectifying wave power having a frequency between 50 Hz and 300 kHz. What is necessary is just to provide the mechanism which performs.

As a result, when the frequency exceeds 50 Hz,
Square wave power of 00KHz or less or frequency 50H
Electromagnetic cavitation (disturbance) of impulse wave power exceeding z and not more than 100 KHz or sine wave alternating current having a frequency of not less than 50 Hz and not more than 300 KHz has a fatal effect on microorganisms and microorganisms. By providing a mechanism for killing microorganisms in the water to be treated, the power of these electromagnetic waveforms can be discharged to the outside from the water outlet while energizing the power, thereby increasing the efficiency of the sterilization treatment. The effect of being easy is obtained. Specific mechanisms of the effects of these electromagnetic waves on microorganisms and microbial cells include the electrochemical change phenomena of oxidizing and reducing actions occurring on the electrode surface, and the physical mechanism of the generation and elimination of bubbles caused by electrolysis of water. Cavitation phenomena can be used.In addition, based on the ionization of water caused by the induction of electricity and electromagnetic cavitation, the dissolving power of water, the penetration power, and the improvement of surface activity such as detergency, Phenomena such as reduction of oxidation-reduction potential, surface tension and viscosity, and change in physicochemical properties such as slight alkalinization of pH can also be used. In addition, the influence of heat shock proteins formed on the cells by the energizing action itself and the influence of the dielectric phenomenon itself on the cells can also be used. further,
By providing an auxiliary electrode material made of a soluble metal (silver, copper, aluminum, magnesium, iron, or the like) described later, ions (eg, silver ion [Ag +] or monovalent copper ion [Cu +]) eluted in water. The sterilization and preservative effects of (1) can also be used.

[0008] Among the above square wave power, impulse wave power, and rectified wave power, square wave power has an advantage that a power supply device can be provided at a lower cost than impulse wave power. Rectified wave power using general commercial power having an electric field strength of 115 V / cm or less is much more inexpensive than square wave power. The device has the advantages provided. Here, when square wave power or rectified wave power is used as the applied voltage, 1 to 115 is applied between the electrodes.
V power may be applied, and when an impulse wave is used, power having an electric field strength of about 10 KV / cm or less may be applied. The rectified wave may be a half-wave rectified wave obtained by removing the lower side of the sine wave AC waveform, or may be a full-wave rectified wave having a waveform obtained by folding the lower waveform upward. By the way, when energizing the above square wave power or rectified wave power, if the frequency is less than 50 Hz, if the amount of current is small, sufficient sterilization effect is not obtained, the object of the present invention is not achieved, When the frequency exceeds 300 KHz, simple usage is not performed because the device belongs to a region where the use is restricted by the Radio Law. On the other hand, when the impulse wave power is applied, if the frequency is less than 50 Hz, the required energization processing time becomes longer, and the sterilization effect in a state with sufficient economic efficiency cannot be obtained. A device that cannot be achieved and that can generate impulse wave power having a frequency exceeding 100 KHz is difficult to manufacture within an economical range, and the original object of the present invention is not achieved. In addition to the above-mentioned power, other available power sources include solar electromotive force and pure DC power, but the sterilizing power is weak and the calculation cost is high. However, although solar photovoltaic wave power has a higher surface cost than commercial power, it is provided as a power source in an area (place) where supply of commercial power is difficult or as a power source for power saving. It is a particularly useful power source for preserving the global environment. In this power mode, the power generation panel receives the irradiation amount of sunlight that changes every moment, and the generated electromotive force may be applied in the form of a voltage and current waveform at a power of 1 Wh or more per liter of treated water. In the present specification, these solar electromotive force and pure DC power are effectively used as operating power for peeling off a film formed on the surface of an electrode in particular when electricity is supplied. In addition, it can be used for sterilization and anticorrosion.

[0009] It should be noted that brewing liquid, milk, fruit juice, water-soluble cutting lubricating oil, or water-containing fuel oil used in the production of sake, beer, soy sauce and the like also has conductivity, and therefore, it is difficult to use such liquid. , It is possible to cause an ionization effect in the molecules of the contained water. Therefore, the term "water to be treated" as used herein includes these hydrated liquids, and therefore, the killing of microorganisms present in these hydrated liquids is also included in the present invention. Needless to say,
That is, the bactericidal effects achieved by the water treatment apparatus of the present invention include sterilization of milk, fermentation, sterilization of brewed liquids (beer, sake, wine, soy sauce, etc.), and sterilization of yeast, preparation water for papermaking, food / Sterilization of washing water and white water of agricultural products / precision parts, sterilization of sewage treatment water and middle water, sterilization of ready-mixed concrete mixing water, sterilization of drinking water, sterilization of cooling water for various equipment and scenic water, pool water, fire prevention It can be applied to sterilization of water storage tanks, hot spring water and bath water, sterilization of water at the source of water, killing of plankton and the like in seawater and lake water, sterilization of water-soluble cutting oil, sterilization of medical instrument cleaning water, and the like. Other effects include reduction of water supply power due to surface active effect, improvement of immersion of cutting oil on metal surface, prevention of scale adhesion on heat transfer surface provided in heat storage water tank, reduction of oxidation potential, Sterilization, corrosion prevention of metal wetted surface by slightly alkalizing various types of water,
Can be applied to rust prevention.

If the pair of electrodes is made of an electrode material obtained by plating a conductive base with a metal element of the platinum group, the elements constituting the electrodes are ionized by energization to be processed. The rate of elution into water is greatly suppressed as compared with an electrode having a configuration in which the base material is exposed, and the electrode can be prolonged in life.

[0011] In the plated portion of the platinum group metal element, the VI
If the configuration is provided with a partially modified portion made of an oxide of a Group II metal element, the electrode surface more easily adsorbs H + ions and OH- ions, and the electrode reaction is improved as compared with a single platinum plating. .

Further, if the foreign matter capturing means for separating and capturing foreign matter contained in the water to be treated is provided in the water passing means, for example, when the foreign matter capturing means is arranged on the upstream side of the electrode, However, it is possible to prevent foreign matter from adhering to the electrode surface in the water passage means, and on the other hand, when the foreign matter capturing means is disposed downstream of the electrode, the dead bacteria of bacteria that have been sterilized by the electrode and generated are eliminated. It can be captured and prevented from moving further downstream of the water treatment device.

[0013] If the foreign matter capturing means is provided with a filter layer for capturing the foreign matter and an ejector for sucking the water to be treated through the filter layer, the foreign matter is captured by the throttle effect based on the suction force of the ejector. Is deposited on the filter layer at a high density, the foreign matter is reduced in volume and becomes compact, and as a result, the frequency of operation for removing the foreign matter accumulated in the filter layer is reduced, and the treatment after the removal is easy. And the like. Further, depending on the properties of the foreign matter, the foreign matter forms a lump with shape retention due to the squeezing effect of the ejector, so that the operation of removing the foreign matter from the water passage means becomes easy.

Alternatively, if the water passage means is a filter having a filter medium disposed between a pair of electrodes, the filter can be used while energizing by the electrodes.
As a result, bacteria and the like are hardly generated in the filter medium, and as a result, a filter in which durability and filtration performance are maintained for a long period of time is obtained.

The water passage means has a gas-liquid contact portion for forcibly bringing the water to be treated therein into contact with a gas.
The electrode can be configured to be able to conduct electricity to the water to be treated, which is accompanied by a gas by the gas-liquid contact portion.
With such a configuration, the water to be treated is, for example,
Since it is not necessary to pass through a porous electrode having small pores and high passage resistance as described in -55178, it is relatively easy to set a high passage speed of the water to be treated in the apparatus, and The water to be treated is forcibly brought into contact with the gas by the gas-liquid contact part and contains bubbles inside, or is divided into small parts by the gas phase, and is subjected to an energizing action. Compared to the configuration that attempts to apply an electric current to the treated water mass, it is possible to efficiently supply energy to microorganisms in the treated water, and it is not necessary to pass the treated water through a porous electrode with small pores. Therefore, even when the water to be treated contains inclusions such as mineral particles and animal and phytoplankton, the water treatment efficiency is not affected, and as a result, the effect that the water treatment efficiency is easily increased is obtained. can get. Here, the porous electrode described in JP-A-6-55178 is called a fixed type three-dimensional electrode electrolytic cell. For example, a three-dimensional electrode formed by forming a carbonaceous material or the like into a felt shape or a sponge shape is used. A process is performed by using a porous material having a shape as an electrode, and simultaneously passing current through the electrode while allowing the water to be treated to pass through the inside of the porous electrode. That is, the microorganisms contained in the water to be treated receive a high-potential energy supply from the electrode, cause a strong oxidation-reduction reaction in the cells, and obtain a sterilizing action. The configuration of a three-dimensional electrode made of a porous material used here increases the contact area between the water to be treated and the electrode, and efficiently supplies energy to microorganisms, thereby increasing the efficiency of water treatment. Has contributed to that. However, in this conventional configuration, if there is a gap through which the water to be treated can flow without contacting the electrode, the microorganism is not killed without receiving the energy supply from the electrode, and is discharged as it is, thereby reducing the effect of the treatment. Therefore, in order to prevent such voids from being formed as much as possible, the periphery of the three-dimensional electrode is securely sealed, and the average pore diameter of the porous material constituting the three-dimensional electrode is sufficiently small (for example, 125 microns or less). ), The smaller the average pore diameter of the three-dimensional electrode, the higher the resistance to the water to be treated passing through the same electrode, and the lower the speed at which the treated water flows down the three-dimensional electrode. As a result, there is a disadvantage that it is difficult to improve the processing efficiency represented by sterilization or the like as desired. Furthermore, as the average pore diameter of the three-dimensional electrode becomes smaller,
If the treated water contains mineral particles or animal and plant plankton, these inclusions block the water passage in the three-dimensional electrode and reduce the flow rate of the treated water. Could be significantly reduced. That is, the water passage means of the present invention has a gas-liquid contact portion for forcibly bringing the water to be treated therein into contact with the gas, and the electrode is provided with the gas to be treated which is accompanied by the gas by the gas-liquid contact portion. However, the configuration in which the power supply process can be performed eliminates these drawbacks.

Alternatively, the gas-liquid contact portion includes a water spray mechanism for spraying the water to be treated, and a water spray panel having a large number of water receiving members capable of receiving the water to be treated falling from the water spray mechanism and increasing the surface area thereof. , And the electrodes may be provided on both sides of the watering panel. By implementing with such a configuration, it is relatively easy to set a high passage speed of the water to be treated in the apparatus under the same circumstances as the above-described configuration,
Moreover, since the water to be treated is forcibly brought into contact with the gas by the gas-liquid contact portion and contains bubbles inside or is divided into small parts by the gas phase, it receives an energizing action,
Compared to a configuration in which an energizing action is applied to the mass of the water to be treated having a large unit volume, energy can be efficiently supplied to the microorganisms in the treated water, and the water to be treated is made of a porous electrode having small pores. Since it is unnecessary to pass through the treated water, even if the treated water contains inclusions such as mineral particles and plant and animal plankton, it is not affected by the efficiency of the water treatment,
As a result, an effect is obtained that the efficiency of water treatment is easily increased.

Further, if the structure is such that the heat exchanger is interposed in the water spray panel, the heat transfer operation is facilitated and the heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger, that is, the heat radiation that is always wet by the water spray. Slime or the like based on bacteria is less likely to occur on the fins or heat absorbing fins.

Alternatively, the gas-liquid contact portion is provided with a gas introduction pipe for blowing gas into the water passage means, and is further provided on a cone portion facing the gas introduction tube and on the downstream side of the cone portion. If a configuration is provided in which an electrode is arranged downstream of the vane mixing section, the gas blown from the gas introduction pipe first collides with the cone section. Here, fine particles are generated in the water to be treated because they are radially dispersed. As a result, it is possible to efficiently supply energy to the microorganisms in the treated water, as compared with a configuration in which an energizing effect is applied to the mass of the treated water having a large unit volume.

Further, a means for supplying ice nucleus gas into the water to be treated which has been subjected to the energization treatment, and the water to be treated containing the ice nucleus gas is once supercooled, and then the supercooled state is released, whereby the ice slurry water is removed. With a configuration provided with a mechanism for forming, since the water to be treated subjected to the energization treatment has a high surface activity effect, an aqueous solution containing particularly fine ice nucleus gas can be obtained. Therefore, if this aqueous solution is once supercooled and then decooled, finer ice can be formed than that used in the conventional ice heat storage system, and as a result, more efficient ice heat storage A system is provided.

On the other hand, the water passage means is made of a plain woven cloth of synthetic fiber or a porous synthetic resin membrane having a diameter of 0.5 to 10 mm.
A plurality of spaces separated by a hydrophilic diaphragm having a water-permeable hole of 0 micron (μm) at an opening ratio of 60% to 95% and an electric resistivity of 0.1 to 20.0 ohm (Ω) · cm. , And each of the electrodes can be provided in these different spaces. According to this structure, the water chamber for performing the electrolyzed water treatment of the water is partitioned by a diaphragm (electrodialysis diaphragm), and the oxidation treatment and the reduction treatment are performed in separate chambers. Can be adjusted to a desired water quality by determining the mixing ratio with the other treated water, which is convenient. The type of electrode is
The shape is not limited to a net shape, and any shape can be adopted as long as the flow of the treated water does not extremely stop at the electrode pair. In addition, since the dissolved components in water concentrated in the cooling tower or the boiler can can be excluded from the circulating water by the electrodialysis membrane, the circulating water can be reused to a higher concentration. Therefore, the amount of forced drainage can be reduced.
Further, an operation of removing the ion component dissolved in water out of the system becomes possible.

Alternatively, one of the pair of electrodes is an optical semiconductor electrode arranged to receive light, and the other of the pair of electrodes is
Square wave power, impulse wave power, rectified wave power, or
A configuration may be employed in which a substance attached to the optical semiconductor electrode functions as an electrode that can be peeled off from the optical semiconductor electrode by solar photovoltaic waves or pure DC power. If implemented in such a configuration, by irradiating the optical semiconductor electrode with light, it is possible to perform the oxidizing water treatment and the reduction water treatment of the water to be treated, and it is also possible to remove a substance adhering particularly to the cathode side of the optical semiconductor electrode. , Square wave power, impulse wave power, rectified wave power, or solar photovoltaic wave or pure DC power can be efficiently separated, so that the original function of the optical semiconductor electrode can be maintained.

The photo-semiconductor electrode is made of a conductive substrate (such as titanium metal), and at least 5 wt.
%, And the other surface is plated with a metal element of the platinum group, whereby the optical semiconductor electrode is provided with an oxidation electrode surface and a reduction electrode surface in parallel. In this case, by performing a different type of reaction treatment for each of a plurality of water treatment water chambers partitioned by an electrode material such as a flat plate, a reduction treatment is continuously performed on the water to be treated after the oxidation treatment. A variety of series of reaction operations can be performed on the water to be treated, for example, or by performing a reverse reaction operation.

Further, if the optical semiconductor electrode plated with a platinum group metal element is provided with a partially modified portion made of an oxide of a group VIII metal element on the other surface. This is advantageous because the effect of improving the oxidation reaction rate can be obtained. In addition, an effect can be expected in an operation of removing an organic synthetic compound called an environmental hormone substance contained in a small amount in the water to be treated by oxidative decomposition.

If the titania layer of the optical semiconductor electrode is provided with an electrode surface containing metal ions of a metal selected from Group V and / or Group VI metals, the photoelectric effect of the optical semiconductor electrode is further enhanced. This is convenient because the electrode reaction efficiency is improved. In addition, the “electrode surface containing a metal ion of a metal selected from Group V and / or Group VI metal” is, in other words, “an electrode surface including a metal ion selected from one of Group V and Group VI. An electrode surface including metal ions or both metal ions of a metal selected from Group V and metal ions of a metal selected from Group VI.

Alternatively, the water passage means comprises a container capable of storing the water to be treated, the container having a photoreceptor having an outer surface capable of receiving light and an inner surface capable of exchanging heat with the water to be treated in the container. If the structure including the element is used, the slimming phenomenon of water and the container (this phenomenon is commonly seen in a conventional solar heat conversion device that attempts to utilize the radiant energy of sunlight by absorbing the water in the container). Is presumed to be an action caused by microorganisms generated at sites where water tends to stagnate, such as near the surface of members in the container including the inner surface of the container, and this phenomenon may adversely affect the heat exchange efficiency of the conversion device)) In addition, it can be suppressed or prevented by the sterilization effect obtained by applying a current to the electrode immersed in the water to be treated in the container, which is convenient. At this time, if the inner surface of the photovoltaic power generation element is used as one of the electrodes, "slimming" occurring on the inner side of the photovoltaic power generation element, which has a large effect on the power generation efficiency, can be advantageously prevented. In addition to this, the heat of the photovoltaic element that tends to increase in temperature due to light reception (although the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic element tends to decrease as its temperature rises) is also affected by the heat passing through the inside of the container. By causing the water to be deprived by the heat exchange effect generated between the treated water and the photovoltaic element, the temperature of the photovoltaic element can be kept below a certain temperature, and as a result, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic element Can be easily maintained at a certain level or more.

Further, if the apparatus is immersed in the water to be treated in the water passage means and is provided with a far-infrared radiating material so as to be able to receive the light, the light such as sunlight or lamp light is received. 2.5 to 12n depending on the far infrared radiator material
By radiating an electromagnetic wave having a radiation wavelength such as m to the water to be treated in the water means, a higher sterilizing effect can be exerted on microorganisms in the water to be treated. Further, even if the radiation ability of the far-infrared radiator material is attenuated, it can be activated again by irradiation with sunlight, lamp light, or the like. .

Alternatively, a configuration may be employed in which an auxiliary electrode formed of a soluble metal is provided. With such a configuration, for example, antibacterial ions such as silver ions (Ag +) and monovalent copper ions (Cu +) are eluted into water from the auxiliary electrode material to kill harmful microorganisms. By carrying out, an effect of imparting a preservative effect to water can be obtained. Also, Al (3+), Fe (3+), Mg
By dissolving ions such as (2+) in water, it is possible to have an action of coagulating sedimentation or floating of organic substances and various ions contained in the water to be treated.

Also, the water passage means has a conductive inner surface,
If the container is configured to store the water to be treated and the conductive inner surface forms one of a pair of electrodes, the space in the container where the water to be treated can be located is between the pair of electrodes. Because it becomes a configuration located in, in addition to being capable of effective water treatment, not only the inner surface but also the outer wall member itself of the water passage means is formed of a conductive material, and if the inner surface is one of the electrodes, The effect that the number of parts is reduced as compared with the case where an electrode separate from the outer wall member is provided, and the case where a mechanism for peeling off the deposit on the electrode surface is separately provided, this is the effect of depositing on the inner surface of the container. , Which is also convenient.

Furthermore, if the water passage means is provided with a short-circuit restricting means for restricting the water to be treated from being discharged from the water outlet without being subjected to the energizing treatment by the electric electrode, the result is that Electrolysis efficiency is enhanced by the electrode pair, which is convenient. That is, the main reactions used in the water treatment apparatus of the present invention such as the electrolytic water treatment or the light water treatment are all electrochemical reactions due to the transfer of electrons at the interface between the electrode surface and the water surrounding the electrode surface. Generally, the higher the characteristic gradient such as the concentration gradient, the potential gradient, and the temperature gradient between the pre-treatment water and the treated water, the better. Therefore, if the short-circuit restricting means is provided as described above, it is possible to prevent the pre-treatment water from being inadvertently mixed with the treated water before causing a reaction with the electrode, thereby reducing various characteristic gradients. As a result, the reaction rate increases. In addition, if the short-circuit restricting means is provided, the unprocessed substance is positively conveyed to the vicinity of the electrode surface, and the material previously located near the electrode surface is quickly moved to another place, so that the untreated substance is The effect of promoting the substitution with is produced, so that the reaction efficiency is increased,
As a result, economy is improved. Furthermore, even if the capacity of the container is large, the short-circuit restricting means restricts the untreated water from short-circuiting and discharging from the water outlet as water, and as a result, has the effect of making the concentration of discharged water more constant. Also demonstrate.

In addition, a configuration may be adopted in which a means for adding a conductivity modifier capable of increasing the conductivity of the water to be treated to the water to be treated is provided. With such a configuration, even if the conductivity of the water to be treated is lower than a certain standard, the conductivity of the water to be treated is increased by adding a conductivity modifier in accordance with the initial conductivity of the water to be treated. The current value (for example, 3 A) required for the energizing action to be performed on the battery can be secured at a relatively low voltage such as 100 V or less. As a result, the power supply device can be made relatively easy to handle, and the power consumption can be reduced. Further, the conductivity modifier can be added manually, but if a means for adding is provided as described in the claims, an amount corresponding to the conductivity of the water to be treated is provided. A structure in which the conductivity modifier is automatically added as necessary can be easily realized. Representative examples of the additive capable of increasing the conductivity of the water to be treated include salts, and among the salts,
It is preferable that the material has little effect on water quality such as pH and does not easily promote metal corrosion. Salts meeting such conditions include sodium bicarbonate (sodium bicarbonate = NaHCO3) and neutral sodium sulfate (neutral sodium sulfate = Na2SO4).

Further, in the energizing operation performed on the water to be treated through a pair of electrodes, the type of applied power, the duration of energization, the polarity inversion interval between the electrodes, the height of the voltage, or the amount of current, A control device that can be changed in accordance with a predetermined program set in advance can conveniently select and use a more efficient or economical energizing operation according to the properties of the water to be treated. For example, when the voltage condition is fixed, generally, the current value that can flow in the treated water tends to fluctuate depending on the concentration of the microorganism in the treated water. If the treated water contains a relatively high concentration of microorganisms, a sufficient energized state can be obtained under low voltage conditions,
Despite the efficient sterilization action being obtained, if the microbial concentration in the water to be treated decreases as the sterilization operation process approaches the end stage, it is necessary to increase the voltage conditions in order to obtain a sufficient energized state. The phenomenon is seen. However, based on the present invention, for example, the optimal voltage condition that changes momentarily as described above is programmed in advance based on the sampling of the raw water to be treated and the expected progress of the sterilization operation. A more efficient sterilization operation can be performed by controlling and performing the voltage operation and the current operation along the computer. In addition, the temporal change is not limited to the water to be treated, and as the sterilization operation progresses, the product of the electrode reaction gradually deposits on the electrode surface and begins to be interrupted. Microorganism colonies are formed in the vicinity, and the device may change over time, for example, the start-up of the energization operation may be reduced. On the other hand, according to the present invention, for example, a program for inverting the electrode potential at predetermined time intervals to peel off the adhered matter, or a length of the standing time and a rising period depending on the energized state. By providing a dedicated power operation program, more efficient sterilization operation can be performed. In addition, when electrodialysis separation of components dissolved in water is required, less electricity is required than the amount of electricity required for sterilization treatment. Processing operations can be performed.

Further, if a water treatment system provided with a communication system for transferring information including the operation status of the water treatment apparatus to an external computer is provided, the state of the water to be treated and the surface condition of the electrodes can be changed. As the real-time information, the state of conduction between the electrodes provided with (for example, the current value under a predetermined voltage) and the output result of an automatic sample inspection device provided along with the water treatment device, The information is transmitted to an external computer, and based on the real-time information, the optimal energizing conditions, the optimal energizing operation program among a plurality of prepared, and the optimal timing of the potential reversal are determined in the external computer. It can be operated with feedback to the water treatment equipment. At this time, the external computer may be provided close enough to be directly connected to the controller of the water treatment apparatus by an interface such as RS-232C, but it is necessary to perform transmission and reception by a telephone line or wireless communication. If provided in a remote place far from the treatment apparatus, a plurality of water treatment apparatuses in different areas can be centrally managed by a single computer, thereby enabling efficient water treatment. Further, in this case, information obtained from each of the water treatment apparatuses can be used for setting operating conditions of another water treatment apparatus, which is convenient.

Other features and advantages according to the present invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments with reference to the drawings.

[0034]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. (First Embodiment) FIG. 1 schematically shows a cylindrical water treatment apparatus as one embodiment of the water treatment apparatus according to the present invention. The cylindrical water treatment apparatus 110 includes a container part 111 (an example of a water passage means) which is generally cylindrical and extends in the vertical direction. At the lower end of the container 111, a supply port 116 is provided as an inlet for raw water to be treated.
The upper end of 11 is closed by a water stop board 126.
A water outlet 117 of the water to be treated extends horizontally from a position below the water stop board 126 on the vertical side wall of the container 111. The electrode 113 provided in the container part 111 is a cylindrical electrode 113a housed substantially along the inner wall of the container part 111.
(Example of a hollow electrode) and a rod-shaped electrode 113b obtained by applying platinum plating to a metal titanium base material concentrically penetrating inside the cylindrical electrode 113a. Cylindrical electrode 113a
Is made by applying platinum plating to a mesh-like base material of titanium metal to make it insoluble. Since this is a mesh-like shape, treated water can freely penetrate and cross the mesh-like base material. The cylindrical electrode 113a and the rod-shaped electrode 113b are supported by the water stop board 126 in a state where they are electrically insulated so as not to contact the inner wall of the container 111, and are further attached to the outer wall of the container 111. Connected to the applied power supply device 112. The treated raw water in the passage 118 is supplied into the cylindrical container portion 111 by the pump 115, passes through the space between the cylindrical electrode 113a and the rod-shaped electrode 113b, and penetrates and crosses the cylindrical electrode 113a. The water is discharged from the water outlet 117 to the outside of the container 111 as the treated electrolytically treated water 119. In addition, a valve for air release is provided in a part of the water stop board 126.

The applied power supply unit 112 includes a control unit that can program an energization operation schedule including a combination of various energization states.
DC power of less than V / cm, modulated wave power, square wave square power, applied electric field strength of more than 10 KV / cm and frequency of 10
Positive impulse wave power of 0 KHz or less, full-wave rectified wave power with an electric field intensity of 1 to 115 V / cm, treated water volume 1
Any single power of the solar electromotive force of 1 W or more per liter or a plurality of powers can be applied to the water to be treated by stacking a plurality of powers, and each electrode 113a, 113b,
In particular, in order to separate substances (including reaction products of the electrode reaction) adhered or deposited on the surface of the cathode 113a or the gap of the mesh structure from the electrode, the polarity is reversed at a desired time interval. ing. The time interval for inverting the polarity may be changed depending on the degree of contamination of the treated water, but is preferably 15 minutes to 60 minutes in order to reduce overvoltage. Note that the volume of the container 111 in the present embodiment is:
The range of 0.1 to 1,000 liters is preferable, and the flow rate of water in the cylindrical water treatment device 110 is 0.1 to 0.2 m.
(Meter) / second as standard. The installation target of the present apparatus can be selected from various options, such as in the middle of various water pipes, a water intake in a tank (underwater type), and the like. The main material to be applied is stainless steel (SUS316
L), a pipe material of a vinyl chloride material, a lining material of a steel tube, and the like can be used. Applied power supply device 11
2, a power converter, an operation control device, a photovoltaic power generation panel, a storage battery, and the like can be adopted. As a power source of the applied power supply device 112, in addition to commercial and private power, Power available.

As a plating material for making the electrodes insoluble, platinum (Pt) and ruthenium (R), a platinum group metal, are used.
u), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir) and the like can be used. The frequency of the rectified wave, the modulated wave, and the square wave can be used in a frequency band where the high frequency power from 50 Hz low frequency power to about 300 KHz does not violate the Radio Law if the current density is 0.01 A / cm2 or more. But generally at a square wave power of 100 Hz to 60 KHz, or
A full-wave rectified wave power of a 50 Hz or 60 Hz sinusoidal current appears to have a sufficient bactericidal effect. On the other hand, the voltage of the impulse wave power varies depending on the conductivity of the raw water for treatment.
A frequency of 0 KHz or less is desirable. In addition, the bactericidal effect of bacteria, yeast, or virus in the treatment water by the application of electric power is empirically, square wave, impulse wave, and general commercial AC power rather than pure DC power, when the amount of transmitted power is the same. The full-wave rectified wave and the solar electromotive wave are larger.
In each case, the larger the current, the greater the effect. In the case of a square wave or an impulse wave, the higher the frequency, the greater the effect. Further, in order to enhance the sterilization and water quality modification effects, it is also possible to add the effects of ultrasonic waves, magnetism by magnets, electromagnetic waves (light) from a far-infrared radiator, etc., to the above-mentioned energization treatment in a multi-layered manner.

(Experimental Example of Sterilizing Operation) An experimental example of a sterilizing operation of water to be treated actually performed using a modified example of the cylindrical water treatment apparatus according to the first embodiment will be described. (Structure of Apparatus for Experiment) As shown in FIG. 2A, a cylindrical water treatment apparatus based on the above-described modified example has a closed electrolytic treatment container as a water passage means and a container for storing water to be treated. The storage container and the water to be treated poured into the storage container are sent to the lower part of the closed container, and then taken out again from the upper part of the closed electrolytic treatment container and recovered in the storage container. And a pump (150 W / 100 V). The closed electrolytic treatment container is an upper cylinder with an upper end closed, a central cylinder with upper and lower ends open, and
It consists of a lower cylinder with a closed lower end. The three cylinders have a common inner diameter of 50 mmφ. These three cylinders are connected to each other by bolts via flanges formed at the respective open ends so that the insides of the three cylinders communicate with each other, and constitute a vertically elongated sealed cylinder as a whole. The central cylinder is made of transparent acrylic, on which a pair of electrodes are arranged. As shown in FIG. 2B, each of the pair of electrodes has a platinum film having a thickness of 1 to 1.5 microns (μm) on both sides of a metal titanium plate having a length of about 250 mm and a thickness of 1 mm. It is applied by electroplating or the like. As shown in the figure, platinum metal plating is performed after bending about 3 to 5 mm wide portions on both sides of the metal titanium plate for the purpose of reinforcement. The central flat portion excluding the bent portions on both sides was an effective surface having a width of about 34 mm.

These electrode pairs extend upward from the boundary between the upper cylinder and the central cylinder so that the effective surfaces thereof are maintained parallel to each other at a constant interval of 30 mm over the entire length. More specifically, the electrode pair is
It is fixed to a pair of plate-like supports also extending from a vinyl chloride disk sandwiched between the upper cylinder and the central cylinder. As shown in FIG. 2C, in the center of the vinyl chloride disk, three through-holes are formed on the left and right in a plan view. The lower ends of the plate-like supports are heat-sealed to the individual bridges. The electrode pair and the plate-shaped support may be fixed with screws or the like as shown in the figure. The upper cylinder and the lower cylinder do not need to be transparent, and one end of a vinyl chloride pipe for water supply or the like may be sealed, and the other end may be provided with a flange for connection to the central cylinder. A first branch pipe as a water inlet extends from a side surface of the lower cylinder, and a second branch pipe as a water outlet extends from a side surface of the upper cylinder. The drain port of the submersible pump immersed in the water to be treated in the storage container and the first branch pipe are connected by a blade hose having an inner diameter of 20 mm. The first of the lower cylinder
A pair of input terminals for supplying electricity to the electrode pair protrude from a portion facing the branch pipe, and these are connected to respective terminals of a power generation device provided outside the closed electrolytic treatment container. As a conductive wire for connecting the electrode pair and the pair of input terminals, a titanium metal wire having a diameter of 2 mm with a platinum plated surface is used to suppress elution by electrolysis. The water to be treated in the storage vessel enters the closed electrolytic treatment vessel from the first branch pipe by the submersible pump, undergoes electrolytic treatment by the electrode in the central cylinder, and then is connected to the second branch pipe. A circulating water passage is formed that passes through the three blade hoses and returns into the storage container.

(First sterilization test) Table 1 shows the experimental conditions of the first sterilization test (continuous processing time: 90 min) performed using the cylindrical water treatment apparatus of FIG. 2, and the obtained numerical data are shown in FIG. 3 is shown.

Table 1: Experimental conditions for sterilization of water to be treated according to the present invention Test date: March 22, 1998, 8:30 AM-1
7:35 pm Sample: General household sewage (200 liters of bath water after each use, 30 liters of cat sand washing water with salt added, and 30 liters of soil washing water mixed with about 0.4% salt
Addition, the conductivity is higher than 300 of raw water, 4,10
Medium: Standard agar medium (Nissui, granules) Culture temperature: 37 ° C Total water volume in the experimental apparatus: 25 to 26 liters Circulating flow rate: 100 liters / min Internal dimensions of the electrode part container: 50 mmφ × 250 mmH Electrode applied voltage: 4.2V to 19.7V (conductivity 4,10
0 μs / cm) Effective area of each electrode: 85 cm 2 (= 34 mmW × 250)
mmH) Spacing between electrodes: 30 mm (parallel arrangement) * The above-mentioned conditions, current measured values, water temperatures, and water treatment devices used in the experiments during energizing operations performed by changing the frequency and waveform conditions variously. The structure is shown in FIG.

(Experimental Results) The vertical axis in FIG. 3 indicates the number of viable cells, the horizontal axis indicates the elapse of the circulating treatment time, and the culture time attached to the horizontal axis indicates the number of viable bacteria after treatment by colonization. (The result of this experiment revealed that a culture time of 24 hours was sufficient). II, III, and V
All show remarkable germicidal performance, and finally (in the case of continuing for 90 minutes) in the first 30 minutes from the start of energization treatment
It is shown that about 99.7% or more of the bactericidal effect is achieved, and thereafter, the bactericidal efficiency gradually decreases. II, I
It is understood that the treatments of II and V are common in that the current density is 0.018 A / cm2 from the average current value indicated by the meter reading, and the sterilization effect is that the waveform of the applied voltage is a square wave. Or a full-wave rectified wave, and whether the frequency is 1 KHz or 100 KHz does not depend much (however, strictly speaking, a 60-Hz sine-wave AC full-wave rectified wave, a 100-KHz Square wave and 1K
Hz showed higher sterilization performance in the order of square wave). In the treatment IV having a low current density (0.0018 A / cm2), no bactericidal action was observed, as in the treatment I (blank test) in which no current was applied. From the above results, I
The treatment of I, III, and V was carried out with a viable cell count of 10 6 C
A very high level of sample exceeding FU / milliliter showed the above-mentioned remarkable bactericidal effect. In general, the germs undergo generational changes about every 2 hours, and the neonatal bacteria thus generated are compared with the parent bacterium. Taking into account the general fact that sterilization is easy, a current density of 0.0018 A / cm2 or more is secured as in the treatments II, III, and V. There is a suggestion that extending the experiment beyond 90 min would allow for a sufficiently practical sterilization operation.

(Second Sterilization Test) Based on the suggestion obtained from FIG. 3 regarding the sterilization performance, the difference in the sterilization performance between the full-wave rectified wave power obtained from an alternating current having a frequency of 60 Hz and the pure DC power was determined. A sterilization test was performed for comparison. In the second sterilization test, the energization density was increased to about 0.035 A / cm2, which was about twice that of the first sterilization test, and the energization continuous processing time was continued up to 180 minutes. Table 2 shows the experimental conditions, and FIG. 4 shows the obtained numerical data.

Table 2: Experimental conditions for sterilization of water to be treated according to the present invention Test date: May 5, 1998, 8:45 AM to 19:
15PM sample: general household sewage (bath water 30 liters, cat sand washing water 5 liters, sewage pit water 5 liters after each use,
And 0.6 to 0.8% of salt is added to a total of 35 liters of water obtained by mixing 5 liters of soil wash water,
Conductivity higher than 300 of raw water, 6,000-8.0
Medium: Standard agar medium (Nissui, granules) Culture temperature: 37.0 ° C. × 24 hours Total water volume in the experimental apparatus: 35 liters Circulating flow rate: 100 liters / min Electrode container Inner dimensions: 50 mmφ × 250 mmH Electrode applied voltage: about 13 V (in the case of pure DC) or about 20 V (in the case of rectified waves) Effective area of each electrode: 85 cm 2 (= 34 mmW × 250)
mmH) Interval between electrodes: 30 mm (parallel arrangement) Current carrying value: 3.0 A (average value) pH: 7.1 to 7.3

(Experimental Results) The vertical axis of FIG.
The horizontal axis indicates the elapse of the circulation processing time. In addition, since it is technically difficult to completely equalize the number of viable bacteria immediately before the start of the test among the materials, it is possible to evaluate the sterilization performance by grasping the rate of decrease in the number of viable bacteria due to the energization treatment. In the case of the rectified wave energization treatment, the number of viable bacteria is 1 /
67, and the number of viable cells after 2 hours is 1 /
Although it has decreased to 5500 (7.4 × 10 5 powers → 1.1 × 10 4 powers → 2.0 × 1), in the case of pure DC energization processing, the first Viable count is 1/3 in 1 hour
4 and the number of viable cells after 2 hours is 1/1 of the starting number
It has only decreased to 650 (1.9 × 10 6 to 5.6 × 10 4 to 3.4 × 10). Rectified wave energization treatment is more effective than pure DC energization treatment in a shorter period of time, although it was virtually zero in both treatments. Was done. When viewed as a change in the difference in the number of viable bacteria between different energization treatments, the initial number of viable bacteria in the sample used in the pure DC energization treatment is only 2.6 times that in the rectified wave energization treatment. However, the difference increased by 5 times after 1 hour, and increased by 17 times after 2 hours.
Again, the superiority of the rectified wave energizing process to the pure DC energizing process is shown. From the two sterilization tests described above, using the apparatus of the present invention and maintaining the power supply at about 0.025 A / cm2 or more, rectified power of 50 Hz or 60 Hz AC power, pure DC power, or 50 Hz It was found that complete sterilization was possible within 3 hours irrespective of the type of bacteria by applying a pulse wave power exceeding the limit.

(Second Embodiment) A thickener-type electrolyzed water treatment apparatus 130 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 includes a thickener container section 131 (an example of water passage means), a baffle plate 132, a central cylindrical pipe 133, a circulating water branch. It has a pipe 134, a submersible pump 135, a clarified water take-out pipe 136, and a clarified water tank 137. The thickener container portion 131 is provided with the vertically extending cylindrical member 12.
1a and a settling ramp 12 having a generally inverted conical member 121b extending downward from the lower end of the cylindrical member 121a.
One. A supply port 116 for introducing the raw water 118 is provided on the side wall of the thickener container section 131. The lower end of the inverted conical member 121b is formed from the raw water and introduced into the settling slope 121 at the lower end of the inverted conical member 121b. A sludge outlet 123 is provided for extracting the sediment from below. The sludge 125 generated from the treated raw water during the electrolytic treatment performed through the contact with the electrode 113 is discharged to the outside by appropriately opening the sludge discharge valve 124.
A certain amount or less is stored in the thickener container 131. A pair of electrodes 113 similar to those of the first embodiment are inserted into the central cylindrical tube 133. The electrode 113 includes a cylindrical electrode 113a (an example of a hollow electrode) housed substantially along the inner wall of the central cylindrical tube 133, and a cylindrical electrode 113a.
It is composed of a rod-shaped electrode 113b obtained by applying a platinum plating to a base material made of metal titanium penetrating concentrically inside. The cylindrical electrode 113a is made by plating a mesh-shaped base material of titanium metal with platinum to make it insoluble. Since this is a mesh-like shape, treated water can freely penetrate and cross the mesh-shaped base material. The cylindrical electrode 113a and the rod-shaped electrode 113b are connected to the water shut
, And further connected to an applied power supply device (not shown). In addition, a valve for air release is provided in a part of the water stop board 126.

While the supplied raw water 118 is circulated in the water tank by the submersible pump 135 and treated with the electrolytic water by the electrode pair 113, usually two or four structures (2 in FIG. 6) are used.
The circulating pump 135 and the double tubular baffle plate 13 are discharged to the outer peripheral portion in the thickener 131 so as to generate a swirling flow in plan view in the circulating water branch pipe 134 composed of
The solids and liquids are settled and separated in the thickener 131 in combination with the swirling action (in the side view) formed by the liquid crystal 2 (in the side view). And settled at the bottom of the center of the thickener 131) to clarify the treated water. The clarified water is drained to the clarified water tank 137 by the clarified water extraction pipe 136,
Take it out from the treated water drain 117 and remove it from the thickener container 1
The sludge 125 separated and deposited at the lower part of the base 31 opens the sludge discharge valve 124 and is discharged to the outside of a suitable place. The discharge of the sludge 125 can be performed while the processing is continued, or can be performed after the processing is temporarily stopped. This thickener-type electrolyzed water treatment apparatus is used for purification of water and wastewater treatment.

(Third Embodiment) A scum flotation tank shown in FIG. 7 is provided with a supply port 116 for receiving scum-containing wastewater discharged from an organic waste treatment facility such as, for example, the oil and fats industry and the food industry. It has a flotation tank main body 150 (one example of water passing means) (here, scum refers to sludge in which oils, proteins, etc. adhere to foam). The level of the received scum-containing wastewater is adjusted to be always below the supply port 116 by a ball-tap type liquid level adjusting mechanism using a float or the like.
An air distribution plate 156 having a large number of through holes is provided below the scum floating separation tank main body 150, and separates the lower part of the internal space into upper and lower parts. An air inlet 120 is provided at the lowermost part of the scum floating separation tank main body 150, and compressed air 157 can be introduced into the lowermost drainage separated by the air distribution plate 156. The lowermost space separated by the air dispersion plate 156 is a gas-liquid contact portion for forcibly bringing the drainage in the scum flotation / separation tank main body 150 into contact with air from the air inlet 120 and bubbles from the surface of the electrode 113. Be central. The drainage in the upper internal space separated by the air distribution plate 156 contains electrodes 113, 113,. . Are provided in plural pairs, and the drainage contacting the air introduced from the air introduction port 120 can be subjected to the energization treatment. As a result, the scum component (mainly a suspended or dissolved substance of organic matter) is efficiently separated and floated from the waste water, and the water to be treated 1
18 can be killed more efficiently.

The clarified water obtained by being separated from the scum is provided immediately below the liquid level of the drainage water, recovered from the water outlet 122 protected from the scum by the baffle plate 121, and used as the electrolytically treated water 119. The energization of the water to be treated stored in the water passage means is performed by the electrodes 113 and 11.
3,. . A voltage of about 1 to 115 V is applied therebetween, and a square wave power or a full-wave rectified wave power having a frequency of 50 to 300 KHz is applied, or an electrolytic density of 0.1 to 10 KV / cm.
Multiplied by a voltage of about 50Hz to 100KHz
By applying the above impulse wave power. The discharged scum 159 floating on the liquid surface of the drainage is removed by the scum removing device. The scum removing device includes a scum collector 1 provided at an upper portion of the scum floatation / separation water tank main body 150 for sucking the discharged scum 159 by suction.
The discharged scum 159 including the sucked scum 159 is collected by the scum discharging pump 153 through the scum discharging pipe 152 into the scum storage tank 154. Furthermore, the scum storage tank 15
The water generated by being left in the water 4 is reflux water 1
As 58, it is collected in the scum floatation separation water tank body 150. A flow control valve 155 is provided between the scum collector 151 and the scum drainage pipe 152.

(Fourth Embodiment) The sprinkling panel type electrolyzed water treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 8 has a sprinkling water storage tank 1012 provided at the uppermost part and a sprinkling water receiving tank 1014 provided at the lowermost part. They cooperate to carry water.) From the sprinkling water storage tank 1012, a rectangular case member 1010 having a large number of through holes extends toward the sprinkling water receiving tank 1014. Inside a pair of upper and lower surfaces of the case member 1010 facing each other, a pair of electrode members 113 made of a lath material are provided.
113, and these electrode materials 113, 113
A sprinkling panel section 1020 is provided therebetween. The water sprinkling panel section 1020 is composed of a large number of perforated panels 1019 which are parallel to each other and extend in the vertical direction, and a large number of angled water sprinkling materials 1011 extending horizontally are arranged vertically on both surfaces of each of these perforated panels. Thus, these watering materials 1011 arranged vertically and horizontally as a whole form a watering surface. The sprinkling material 1011 is such that the corner portion bent at a right angle is directed upward, that is, the cross section forms a bilaterally symmetrical chevron, and the sprinkling material is alternately laterally protruded from a pair of adjacent perforated panels. Since the 1011s are attached so as to overlap each other in a plan view, the spray water 1013 that has dropped from the spray water storage tank 1012 to one sprinkling material 1011 licks the mountain-shaped ridgeline of the sprinkling material 1011. After flowing down, once it comes into contact with the air in the water spray panel unit 1020, it falls to the top of the next water spray material 1011 located one step below. Electrode material 113,
The position where the 113 is provided may be a pair of side surfaces of the case member 1010 facing each other.

The water to be treated 118 is first supplied to the sprinkling water receiving tank 10.
When supplied to the sprinkler tank 14, it is lifted to the sprinkler tank 1012 via a supply pipe provided at the bottom of the sprinkler tank 1014. Next, the water to be treated 118 is stored in the watering tank 10.
Spray water 101 from a number of water holes provided at the bottom of
As 3, it falls on the watering panel 1020 and the electrode 11
3, while flowing down the sprinkling panel 1020 relatively uniformly without drifting, and reaches the sprinkling water receiving tank 1014 as sprinkling electrolyzed water 1015, and a part of the water overflows from the sprinkling water receiving tank 1014 and electrolyzes. It is collected as the treated electrolyzed water 119, but the rest is pump 10
The water is reused as spray water 1013 by 18. On the other hand, supply air 1016 is blown to the left side of the drawing of the case member 1010 by a blowing mechanism (not shown).
After being forced into contact with the spray water 1013 in the water spray panel 1020 while relatively uniformly passing through the inside of the case member 1010 without drifting, the sprayed electrolyzed air 1
As 017, the case member 1010 is released into the atmosphere from the left side of the drawing, or is recovered and industrially reused. At this time, the sprinkling material 1011 receives the spraying water 1013 which falls by gravity from the top to the bottom in the middle according to the above-described principle, and flows down the surface having a large area of the sprinkling material 1011 at a low speed. Supply water 1013 to supply air 10
It plays the role of making the contact with the Efficient 16 efficiently. In other words, the watering material 1011 and the watering panel 1020 are
It can be said that it constitutes a short-circuit prevention means for restricting the water to be treated from going straight to the sprinkling water receiving tank 1014 without being efficiently subjected to the energization treatment by the electrodes.

The electrode members 113, 113 connected to the applied power supply unit 112 are supplied to the spray water 1013 containing a relatively large amount of air by the water spray panel 1020 serving as the gas-liquid contact part. By applying power, the effect of killing microorganisms in the water to be treated 118 more efficiently can be exerted.
Occurrence of slimming or the like of the constituent members such as 011 is prevented.
At the same time, when the supply air 1016 contains contaminants such as fine particles, the contaminants are also cleaned by performing substance exchange with the spray water 1013 in the water spray panel 1020. Electricity is applied to the water to be treated, which flows along the water sprinkling material 1011 and contains air, by applying a voltage of about 1 to 115 V between the electrode materials 113 and 113 at a frequency of 50 Hz.
Apply square wave power of ~ 300KHz or 0.1 ~
Apply a voltage of about 10 KV and apply a frequency of 0.1 Hz to 10
0 KHz impulse wave power or 100 Hz, 1
What is necessary is just to implement by applying full-wave rectification wave electric power, such as 20 Hz. Alternatively, a plurality of watering panels 1020 may be prepared in a block shape and arranged vertically one above the other, and a plurality of pairs of electrodes 113 may be arranged in a gap between the plurality of watering panels 1020 in a block shape.

(Fifth Embodiment) FIG. 9 shows an example of a watering panel with a heat exchanger in which the watering panel of the watering panel type electrolyzed water treatment apparatus described above is modified. Here, the water spray panel main body with heat exchanger 1020 includes a tubular heat exchanger 1021 and a pair of plate-like electrode members 113 installed above and below the heat exchanger 1021. The water spray panel main body 1020 with heat exchanger is configured such that the electrode material 113, the water spray material 1011 and the heat exchanger 1021 are laid on top of each other, so that ventilation and water drift are reduced. The sprinkling section 1013 is attached to the upper part of the sprinkling panel main body 1020 with the heat exchanger, and the sprinkling water receiving tank 1014 is attached to the lower part, whereby a sprinkling panel type electrolyzed water treatment apparatus with a heat exchanger is configured. Heat exchanger 1
A large number of fins functioning as heat radiation or heat absorption are attached in parallel on the outer periphery of 021, and these fins also serve as the water sprinkling material 1011. That is, the fin has a cone shape extending at an angle of about 30 ° from the radial direction of the heat exchanger 1021,
Sprinkling water 1013 that falls from 2 is received, the flow speed of the spraying water 1013 is reduced, and the chance that the supply air 1016 introduced from the lower part of the watering panel main body 1020 comes into contact with the spraying water 1013 is increased. In other words, the watering material 1011
It can be said that the above-mentioned fins constitute short-circuit preventing means for restricting the water to be treated from going straight to the sprinkling water receiving tank 1014 without being efficiently subjected to the energization treatment by the electrodes.

The spray water from the spray unit 1013 is supplied to the supply air 1 through the fin having a large surface area and the spray material 1011.
016 is absorbed in a large amount.
3, if the same energization as in the fourth embodiment is performed,
The germicidal effect of microorganisms and the like in the spray water 1013 is more efficiently obtained, and as a result, slimming of components such as the fins, that is, the sprinkling material 1011, generation of scale, corrosion, and the like are prevented, and at the same time, supply air is prevented. 1016 also spray water 1013
After being subjected to material exchange, the case member 1020 is released into the atmosphere as sprinkled electrolyzed air 1017 from the left side of the drawing of the case member 1020, or collected and reused industrially. The function as a heat exchanger of such a water spray panel type electrolyzed water treatment apparatus with a heat exchanger is as follows: radiation cooling and heating of a heat medium liquid such as circulating water in a heat transfer tube; and supply air (gas). 10) It can be used for cooling or heating of 1016, and the function as a water treatment device can be applied to a purification process of exhaust gas of a boiler or the like or exhaust of conditioned air.

(Sixth Embodiment) Electrolytic water treatment apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 10 and having a mixing section as a gas-liquid contact section
Reference numeral 200 denotes a cylindrical body 1201 and a cylindrical body 12
01 (as a mixing means having no driving unit) and electrode units 113a, 11 disposed downstream of the vane mixing unit 1202.
3b. The vane mixing section 1202 includes a generally cylindrical target member 1203 arranged so that the axis thereof coincides with the cylindrical body section 1201, and a plurality of sheets (here, 2. ), And both ends of the target member 1203 have a cone-shaped shape. One end of the cylindrical body portion 1201 has water 1 to be treated.
An inlet 210 is provided, and an inlet pipe 1205 for introducing a mixed gas (or mixture) from the outside is provided on the opposite side of the inlet with respect to the axis of the cylindrical body 1201. Have been. The tip of the introduction pipe 1205 is
It is bent at a right angle at the axis of cylindrical body 1201 so as to face the cone-shaped end of target member 1203.

Therefore, the mixed gas (or liquid mixture) introduced from the outside through the introduction pipe 1205 collides with the cone-shaped end of the target member 1203 and is forcibly dispersed radially outward. The water is efficiently diffused into the water to be treated 1210 supplied into the cylindrical body 1201 from the inlet by a pump (not shown). At this time, if the introduced gas is a mixed gas,
The fine bubbles of the mixed gas are dispersed in the water to be treated 1210. The mixture (gas-liquid or liquid-liquid) thus formed spreads in the radial direction while being mixed with the swirling flow by the action of the guide vane 1204, and moves to the vicinity of the electrode portions 113a and 113b. Incidentally, the mesh-shaped electrode portion 113a is a part of the water to be treated 12
10 has an effect of generating a Karman vortex (vortex due to a pressure difference generated between the pressurized part and the depressurized part),
For this purpose, finer mixing of gas and liquid (or liquid and liquid) is performed. The to-be-processed water 1210 that has moved to the vicinity of the electrode units 113a and 113b is subjected to energization processing here, and the treated water 1212 is discharged from the water outlet 117. This device has a particularly effective action and mixing effect when producing an emulsion that forms bubbles or liquid-liquid interfaces of 5 microns or less in the water to be treated. Adjustment of the particle diameter of the bubble or the liquid-liquid interface can be performed by suitably changing the flow velocity, centrifugal force, centripetal force, shape of obstacles, mesh diameter and shape of the electrode, etc. of the device body 1201. In the case of normal processing, the standard flow rate is about 0.01 to 0.5 m / sec. Applications of this device include mixing and absorbing carbon dioxide and oxygen gas in seawater and freshwater, emulsification by adding water and gas to fuel oil and fat, supply of oxygen to activated sludge water,
The range of application is wide and various, such as mixing gas into water.

(Seventh Embodiment) A water treatment vessel section 410 of a three-chamber electrodialysis membrane-separated electrolytic water treatment apparatus shown in FIG.
(An example of water passage means) is divided into three horizontally arranged water chambers 311, 312, 411 by two electrodialysis diaphragms 313, 313 arranged apart from each other.
In FIG. 11, the leftmost water chamber is an electrolytic oxidizing water treatment vessel 311, the rightmost water chamber is an electrolytic reduction water treatment vessel 312, and the central water chamber is an oxidizing / reducing water treatment vessel 4.
It is 11. The electrolytic oxidation / reduced water treatment container 411 includes:
A common (COM) electrode 115 provided with a large number of through holes is provided, and a plate-like or rod-like electrode 11 is provided in each of the electrolytic oxidized water treatment container portion 311 and the electrolytic reduced water treatment container portion 312.
3 is arranged in parallel to the water flow, is connected to the applied power supply unit 112 by wiring, receives power supply, and is supplied with water. Further, a mesh plate-shaped common electrode 115 functioning as a common electrode is provided near the center of the central portion of the electrolytic oxidation / reduced water treatment container section 411.

The electrolytic oxidizing water treatment vessel section 311
A specific potential difference is provided between three water chambers, ie, a reduced water treatment container 411 and an electrolytic reduced water treatment container 312. That is, taking into account the electrical resistance of the electrodialysis diaphragm 313 and the ion concentration gradient,
11 is set to have a higher potential than the electrolytic oxidation / reduction water treatment container 411, and the electrolytic oxidation / reduction water treatment container 411 is set to have a higher potential than the electrolytic reduction water treatment container 312, and a potential difference gradient is set. Then, power is applied. This application is performed by applying a voltage of about 1 to 115 V between the electrodes,
Square wave power with a frequency of 50 Hz to 300 KHz, full-wave rectified wave power of sine wave AC, or solar photovoltaic wave power, or impulse wave with a frequency of 50 Hz to 100 KHz by applying a voltage of about 0.1 to 10 KV Power may be applied. More specifically, the common (COM) electrode 115 is set to zero (0) potential, and
12 is a positive (+) potential electric power, electrolytic reduction water treatment unit 3
12, a power of a minus (−) potential of the inversion potential is applied. The common (COM) electrode has a (-) potential and the electrodes of the water chambers on both sides have a (+) potential. On the contrary, the common (COM) electrode has a (+) potential and the electrodes of both water chambers have the same potential. (-) Potential can be selected according to the purpose of water treatment. Or,
Instead of using the common (COM) electrode of the central water chamber, the electrodialysis treatment can also be performed by simply applying power of (+) potential and (-) potential to the electrodes of both water chambers. The same operation processing as described above can be performed in an odd-numbered water chamber such as a five-chamber configuration. It is also possible to perform an ion dialysis by applying a voltage using an insulated electrode material to generate an electric field between the electrodes. The desalinated water 412 obtained in the electrolytic oxidation / reduced water treatment container 411 of this apparatus is combined with cations in the treated raw water supplied by a pump (not shown) or a valve operation of a branch pipe connected to the main pipe. Since each anion passes through the electrodialysis diaphragm 313 and moves (dialyzes) to the electrolytic oxidized water treatment container 311 and the electrolytic reduced water treatment container 312, each ionic component is diluted. On the other hand, the electrolytic oxidized water treatment vessel 3
At 11, electrolytic oxidation treatment water 316 is obtained, and at the electrolytic reduction water treatment container section 312, electrolytic reduction treatment water 317 is obtained.
The effect of killing bacteria, yeast or virus is the same as in the third embodiment and the like. When the polarity of the electrode is reversed, a similar potential difference is generated with a reverse gradient, and as a result, the properties of the electrolytic solution in the electrolytic water treatment chamber are also reversed. Electrolytic oxidized water treatment container 311;
Discharge of the treated water into the electrolytic reduction water treatment container 312 may be constantly circulated by a separately provided circulation system, or may be intermittently drained.

Therefore, the present invention is suitable for use conditions of service water in which the concentration of dissolved ions is increased, such as cooling water circulating water. It is also suitable for detoxification treatment by deionization of drinking water containing harmful metal ions, and treatment for purifying contaminated soil in combination with photolysis. If it is necessary to remove unnecessary components from the water to a certain depth, the above-mentioned water treatment operation may be performed in several stages. In addition, by installing a heat exchanger and the electrodialysis device in the drainage system of canned water such as a once-through boiler, it becomes possible to collect waste heat, collect and reuse waste water, and contribute to energy saving and water saving. . In addition, when performing corrosion prevention on a water pipe or the like of a system that does not involve concentration of cold / hot water, hot water, hot water, drinking water, etc., the common (COM) electrode is set to a (-) potential, and the electrode potentials of the water chambers on both sides are set to (+). ) By setting the potential, the water chamber of the common (COM) electrode can be reformed into an alkaline water having a low oxidation-reduction potential. The type of the electrode 113 is not limited to the mesh-shaped electrode of this example, and any shape may be adopted as long as the flow of the treated water does not extremely stop at the electrode pair. The electrodialysis diaphragm 313 may be a woven fabric or an ion exchange membrane, but a porous synthetic resin hydrophilic membrane having a low electric resistance value, a porous ceramic plate, or the like can also be used. In this example, hydrophilic PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) has a pore diameter of 1 micron, a thickness of 120 microns, an electrical resistivity of 0.27 ohm cm, and a porosity of 80%.
Was used. As the material of the diaphragm, polyester, polyamide, polyvinylidene chloride, perfluoroethylene copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, polyether sulfone, or the like can be used. Here, the electrodialysis diaphragm 313 allows the water to be treated introduced through the water inlet 116 to flow through the water outlet 11 without being subjected to the electricity treatment by the electrode pair 113.
7 constitutes a short-circuit prevention means for restricting the short-circuit and discharge from the discharge passage 7.

(Eighth Embodiment) A water treatment part separation type photoelectrode water treatment apparatus 520 shown in FIG.
The photooxidized water treatment unit 515 is separated into a photooxidized water treatment unit 515 on the right and a photoreduced water treatment unit 516 on the left.
A water inlet 116 for water to be treated 118 is provided at a lower portion of each of the photoreduced water treatment section 15 and the photoreduced water treatment section 516, and a water outlet 117 is provided at an upper portion thereof. A lamp chamber containing a lamp 522 is disposed adjacent to the right side of the photo-oxidized water processing section 515. Are isolated by Further, a light-reflecting plate 513 is provided on the right side wall of the lamp chamber, and collects light from the lamp 522 to irradiate the photo-oxidized water processing unit 515.

The vicinity of the center of the water chamber partition plate 521 is constituted by an optical semiconductor electrode 512. The optical semiconductor electrode 512 is formed by individually and specially processing both surfaces of a plate-shaped base material made of a conductive material such as titanium metal. The right side surface of the optical semiconductor electrode material 512 facing the photooxidized water treatment section 515 of the optical semiconductor electrode 512 is a photosensitive electrode surface composed of a titanium oxide layer to be described later. Lamp ray 5 received from lamp 522
The electron is emitted by the action of 23, and by the emission of this electron,
Positive vacancies are formed on the photosensitive electrode surface. Therefore, the water to be treated 118 that has entered the photooxidized water treatment section 515 from the water inlet 116 is subjected to the oxidation treatment by coming into contact with the surface of the photosensitive electrode having the positively charged pores. The water 524 is discharged from the water outlet 117a. On the other hand,
The left side surface of the photosemiconductor electrode material 512 facing the photoreduced water treatment section 516 is a corrosion-resistant plating section plated with platinum or a platinum group metal such as palladium or rhodium. Reduced water treatment unit 516
The water to be treated 118 that has entered the reaction electrode is counteracted by the effect that the right side of the photoelectrode material 512 receives from the lamp beam 523 (that is, from the electrode surface of the titania layer containing titanium dioxide to the electron from the electrode surface of the reduction treatment via the conductive substrate). Is discharged), and is discharged from the water outlet 117b as photoreduced water 525.

Therefore, in this example, the photo-oxidized water 5
24 and the photoreduced water 525 are separated and can be taken out separately. Further, on the left side of the optical semiconductor electrode material 512, an optical semiconductor electrode reduction processing section electrode terminal 518 is provided, and a water processing section separated type photoelectrode water treatment apparatus main body 520 is provided.
The electrode material 113 is disposed so as to be connected to a power supply (not shown) provided outside the optical semiconductor electrode material 512 and to form an electrode pair with the left side surface of the optical semiconductor electrode material 512. The configuration is such that a reverse potential power of a positive potential can be intermittently applied to the surface from the outside for a predetermined period of time, whereby foreign substances adhered or generated on the electrode surface of the optical semiconductor electrode material 512 can be peeled off by energization. At this time, between the electrode material 113 and the optical semiconductor electrode material 512, 1 to
A voltage of about 115 V is applied and the frequency is 50 Hz to 30
Apply square wave power of 0 KHz or full-wave rectified wave power of sine wave AC or solar electromotive wave power, or 10
Apply a voltage of KV or less to change the frequency from 50Hz to 100K
It is sufficient to apply an impulse wave power of less than or equal to Hz. Alternatively, a high-voltage electric field may be applied using an insulating electrode.
Here, a high-pressure mercury xenon lamp is used as the lamp 522, but other than that, a xenon lamp, a mercury lamp,
Polarized lamps such as deuterium lamps, fluorescent lamps, black lights, and excimer lamps can also be employed. Note that the lamp 522 does not necessarily need to be isolated from the water to be treated 118 by the light transmitting material 511, and the light electrode material 512 may be irradiated while being immersed in the water to be treated 118. Further, a laser beam may be used as a light source.

Here, a method for forming the optical semiconductor electrode 512 will be described. FIG. 13 shows an optical semiconductor electrode 512.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view more specifically showing the structure of FIG. The optical semiconductor electrode 512 shown here is composed of a plate-like base material 561 made of a conductive material such as titanium metal, and the upper surface of the figure is plated with platinum or a platinum group metal such as palladium or rhodium. A corrosion-resistant plated portion 562 is formed, and an electrode terminal is attached thereto. On the other hand, the lower surface is made of 5 wt.
% Of photosensitive electrode surface composed of a titanium oxide layer containing at least
71. In the example of FIG. 13, the partially modified metal oxide base material 563 is further joined to the surface of the base material 561 to form an oxide surface of the base material to constitute a partially modified titania layer. As the partially modified metal oxide base material 563, a metal selected from the Group VIII metals of the periodic table, such as nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru), and palladium (Pd), is used. Partially modified by joining by thermal spraying or the like. The titania layer and the metal oxide of the partially modified portion cause the surface of the titanium metal or the partially modified portion base metal to be 500 to 800 degrees Celsius (preferably 65 to 800 degrees Celsius).
(Approximately 0 to 750 degrees) by oxidizing and firing with an oxidizing flame. As a result, as shown in FIG. 13, on the surface of the base material 561 on the side where the plating portion 562 is provided, a large number of partially modified portion metal oxide base materials 5 whose outer peripheral surfaces are all covered with the oxide film 564 are provided.
63 is formed integrally, and the remaining surface of the base material 561 is covered with a plating layer. A part of the oxide film 564 is exposed outside the plating layer. On the other hand, a large number of partially modified portion metal oxide base materials 563 project from the surface on the photosensitive electrode surface 571 side, and the remaining surface is covered with the plating layer. Further, the partially modified metal oxide base material 5
The tip of 63 extends further outward from the plating layer, and only the tip portion exposed from this plating layer is covered with an oxide film. The titania layer may have a configuration in which free electrons are present by injecting donor ions, and the surface may be partially modified with a platinum group metal oxide or rhenium (Re) oxide. Oxidation water treatment can also be promoted.

The donor ions are implanted into the titania layer by depositing metal ions (donor atoms) of a metal selected from Group V and / or VI metals of the periodic table with 50 to 1,000 pp.
It may be performed using an ion implantation apparatus so that the content of m is contained. Specifically, the ions of the above donor atoms (electron donors) are pentavalent + charged Nb (niobium), V (vanadium), Ta (thallium), and hexavalent + charged Cr.
(Chromium), Mo (molybdenum), W (tungsten)
Are suitable, and may be a single atom or a plurality of atoms. By injecting a small amount of these metal ions into titanium oxide as an n-type semiconductor, the photoelectric effect and the catalytic activity are enhanced, and even when irradiating low-level light energy of visible light that does not contain ultraviolet rays, it is easily free. Since electrons are generated, electric conduction is improved. Alternatively, ions may be implanted into the surface of the titanium metal base material in advance to form an ion-implanted layer, and the surface may be titaniad to form an electrode surface. The production of the photosensitive electrode surface of the optical semiconductor electrode material can take various forms without limitation, for example, a method of bonding an oxide film to form an oxide film.

FIG. 14 shows an example of the configuration of a partially modified current-carrying electrode material. As shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of FIG.
The current-carrying electrode material 560 partially modified with a metal oxide includes a base material 561, a partially modified metal oxide base material 563 joined to the surface of the base material 561 by electrolytic plating, thermal spraying, or the like, and a surface of the base material 561. Base material plated portion 56 applied to other areas
2 and a partially modified portion metal oxide 564 formed at the tip of the partially modified portion metal oxide base material 563.
As a result, the bottom surface of the partially modified portion metal oxide base material 563 is in contact with the base material 561, and the side surface is in contact with the base material plated portion 562, and only the apex exposed from the base material plated portion 562 is in the partially modified portion. It is in contact with surrounding gas or liquid through the metal oxide 564. As described above, the electrode material having the partially modified metal oxide 564 has an advantage that it easily adsorbs H + ions and OH− ions, and the electrode reaction is more improved than that of platinum plating alone.

As shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 14B, the energizing electrode material 565 having a partially modified portion of the catalyst metal is composed of a base material 561 and base material plated portions 562 provided on both surfaces of the base material 561. And a partially modified portion metal oxide base material 563 joined to the surface of the base material plating portion 562 by thermal spraying or the like. In this example, as a result, the bottom surface of the partially modified portion metal oxide base material 563 is in contact only with the base material plated portion 562, and the side surface and the apex of the partially modified portion metal oxide base material 563 are located near the periphery. In direct contact with gas or liquid. As described above, the electrode material in which the above-described catalyst metal is bonded to the surface of the base material plated portion 562 has improved electrode performance as compared with the simple material of the base material plated portion 562.

14A and 14B, titanium metal or another conductive material is used for the base material 561, and the shape of the base material 561 is a flat plate shown in FIG. Not limited to this, various shapes such as a rod shape, a tubular shape, a mesh flat plate, a corrugated plate, and a cylindrical shape can be adopted according to the purpose of water treatment and the shape of the device. In any case, for the base material plating portion 562, plating of platinum or a platinum group metal such as palladium or rhodium can be mainly used. Further, a metal having a catalytic function may be employed as the partially modified portion metal oxide base material 563, and the base material 561 or the base material plated portion 562 may be partially modified by thermal spraying or the like. As a specific catalyst metal, nickel (N) selected from Group 8 metals of the periodic table
Preferred are those having a function of adsorbing hydrogen ions, such as i), palladium (Pd), rhenium (Re), and tungsten (W). The partially modified metal oxide 564 used in the current-carrying electrode material 560 partially modified with the metal oxide in FIG.
3 can be obtained by oxidizing and firing with an oxidation flame of 500 to 800 degrees Celsius. However, this partially modified metal oxide 5
64 may be obtained by other methods.

<< Experimental Example of Effect of Optosemiconductor Electrode Material >> (Adjustment of Optosemiconductor Electrode Material) First, a titanium metal flat plate was degreased using a degreasing solvent (n-Hexan), washed with water, and then dried.
A clean titanium material is prepared by washing with a 0% aqueous ammonium fluoride solution, washing with water and drying. Next, after one surface of the cleaned titanium material is masked with an oil-based paint or the like, and the other surface is platinum-plated, the masking paint is peeled off with a thinner or the like, and further degreased with n-Hexan. I do. Thus, an electrode substrate having a clean titanium metal surface and a platinum-plated surface is obtained. In order to enhance the catalytic activity on the titanium metal surface of the electrode base material obtained in this way, projections of different metals are formed in spots (the tip of the projections is an oxide layer in a later step). Is formed). Specifically, a dissimilar metal (Ru or the like) to be deposited may be deposited (an example of thermal spraying) on the titanium metal surface using a sputtering apparatus. Further, a projection-like dissimilar metal catalyst is also attached to the platinum electrode surface (an oxide layer is formed at the tip of the projection in a later step). Again, using a sputtering device in the same way, it is sufficient to weld the dissimilar metal to be welded,
After this welding operation, the welded portion is masked with an oil-based paint or the like, the remaining surface is plated with platinum, and then the masked portion is peeled off and removed to obtain an electrode substrate.

Next, an electrode pair was formed by using the entire electrode substrate as an anode and a separately prepared insoluble platinum electrode material as a cathode, and immersed in a dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution having a conductivity of 3,000 μs / cm. After applying a current of 30 V, 2 to 0 A for about 2 minutes, take out, wash, and dry the titanium metal surface.
Baking is performed for 2 hours in an oxidizing flame of 00 to 800 degrees (preferably 650 to 750 degrees). Thus, a titanium oxide layer (titania layer) containing anatase type titanium dioxide (TiO 2) is obtained on the side of the electrode substrate on the titanium metal surface side. The tips of the projections of dissimilar metals formed in spots on the titanium metal surface side and the platinum electrode surface side are simultaneously oxidized during this firing step, whereby a heterogeneous metal oxide is obtained. Here, the generation ratio of anatase type titanium dioxide (TiO2) is deeply related to the firing temperature and time, and the firing temperature is 65 degrees Celsius.
If the temperature is lower than 0 degrees or higher than 750 degrees Celsius, or if the calcination time is significantly shorter than 2 hours, the amount of amorphous (amorphous) components increases, and as a result, the yield of anatase type titanium dioxide becomes insufficient, Not preferred. Also, 2
When the time is much longer than the time, the content of rutile-type titanium dioxide increases, and as a result, the yield of anatase-type titanium dioxide also decreases, which is also undesirable. The content of the anatase type titanium dioxide (TiO2) was measured by X
The line diffraction method was adopted. The purpose of the anodic electric current treatment is to form a thin gray-white titanium oxide film and a hydrate on the titanium metal surface, and therefore does not require a deep electrolytic treatment.
The area ratio of the spot-like projections is preferably 0.1 to 20%. If the area ratio falls below this range, the catalytic effect decreases, and if the area ratio exceeds the above range, the ratio of the titania component decreases, and the photolysis rate decreases, which is not preferable. As the titanium material, a titanium alloy metal material can be used in addition to the pure titanium metal material.

(Measurement of Oxidative Decomposition Performance of Titania Layer) The oxidative decomposition performance of the titania layer of the optical semiconductor electrode material adjusted as described above was measured. The measuring equipment mainly comprises a transparent glass tube capable of storing the above-mentioned optical semiconductor electrode material, and a lamp for irradiating the above-mentioned optical semiconductor electrode material. While irradiating the above-mentioned optical semiconductor electrode material with the lamp, an aqueous solution of a predetermined organic substance prepared in advance was passed through a transparent glass tube containing the optical semiconductor electrode material, and the presence rate of the organic substance was determined. Was measured to determine the oxidative decomposition performance. Here, a high-pressure mercury-xenon lamp is used as the lamp, and the illuminance on the electrode surface of the optical semiconductor electrode material is 5 mW / cm 2.
And 0.1% wt. Of formaldehyde (HCHO) as an aqueous solution of the organic substance. Using an aqueous solution, the solution was circulated through the transparent glass tube for 30 minutes, and the residual ratio of formaldehyde was measured. FIG.
Is a graph showing the relationship between the residual ratio of formaldehyde measured by the above method, the content of anatase-type titanium dioxide contained on the surface of the photosemiconductor electrode material, and the presence or absence of protrusions of different metals. From FIG. 15, it can be seen that when the titania layer of the optical semiconductor electrode material adjusted in the manner described above is irradiated with light, the titania layer exhibits oxidative decomposition performance.
It is understood that the decomposition effect is high, and that the photosemiconductor electrode material provided with 2% of a projection of a dissimilar metal having a catalytic action exhibits a higher decomposition effect as compared with the case where no projection is provided.

(Ninth Embodiment) The electrolytic water treatment apparatus 830 with a photovoltaic power generation panel shown in FIG. 16 has a structure in which a heat exchange panel section 833 is integrated on the lower surface of a photovoltaic power generation element panel 831. . A large number of photovoltaic power generation element materials 831a are attached to the photovoltaic power generation element panel 831 in an integrated panel shape, and the solar energy is converted into electric energy here. The power thus obtained is taken out from a power terminal 832 provided on the side of the photovoltaic element panel 831 and can be used for various purposes. On the other hand, the lower heat exchange panel section 833
Is a container that can be hermetically sealed by the photovoltaic element panel 831. Further, here, an inlet and an outlet for receiving the water to be treated are provided. The passing water to be treated can exchange heat with the photovoltaic element panel 831. Here, since the baffle plates protrude alternately from both side walls of the heat exchange panel portion 833, the water to be treated introduced from the introduction port is meandered to the left and right toward the discharge port, and the treated water 837 from the power generation panel As a result, effective heat exchange is performed. The baffle plate constitutes short-circuit restricting means for restricting the water to be treated from being discharged from the water outlet without being subjected to the energization treatment by the electric electrode. As a result, the photovoltaic element panel 831 is cooled from the lower surface side by the water to be treated passing through the heat exchange panel section 833, so that the power generation capacity is always kept high, and at the same time, the photovoltaic element panel 831 is maintained. A part of the heat energy received by the device can be taken out as hot water.

A pair of electrode members 113 are provided in the heat exchange panel section 833, and by using the photovoltaic element panel 831 or the heat exchange panel section 833 while energizing the electrodes 113, Heat exchange panel 83
3 is subjected to electrolyzed water treatment, and as a result, the lower surface of the photovoltaic element panel 831, the baffle plate,
In addition, the generation of bacteria in all corners of the container of the heat exchange panel portion 833 is prevented. Heat exchange panel section 833
The inner electrode material 113 is connected to the generated power input terminal 835 of the power storage and conversion device 834. Electricity storage
Since the conversion device section 834 is also provided with a power output terminal section 836, the power terminal section 8 of the photovoltaic panel 830 is provided.
32 is connected to the power output terminal portion 836, the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation panel 830 is stored in the power storage / conversion device portion 834, and after the voltage conversion, the power is supplied by the pair of electrode members 113. It can be used for treatment or converted to AC and used for driving a pump for passing the water to be treated into the vessel or for other power demands. As the photovoltaic power generation element material 831, any of silicon single crystal, polycrystal, and amorphous elements, and a composite power generation element obtained by compounding a plurality of types of elements selected from these can be used.

(Embodiment 10) The combined electromagnetic and electromagnetic wave water treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 17 is mainly used for housing a far-infrared radiator material and a current-carrying electrode material arranged to receive sunlight. Container part 721 and energized power supply container part 7
22. The storage container part 721 is provided with a water treatment unit base 723 having a water supply pipe part 724 and a treated water drain pipe part 725.
And a cylindrical glass tube 726 made of a translucent material placed on the water treatment unit base 723, and a power supply container base 728 for sealing the cylindrical glass tube 726 from above. The tightness inside the storage container part 721 is maintained by a tightening shaft 729 which presses and holds the water treatment device base plate 723 and the energized power supply container base plate 728 via the seal part 730 against the cylindrical glass tube 726. Also, by loosening the fastening shaft 729, the storage container portion 721 can be disassembled. In the storage container part 721, a drainage pipe 72 in the water treatment container communicating with the treated water drainage pipe part 725 is provided.
7 is detachably attached, and furthermore, a storage container portion 7
The inside of 21 is filled with a far infrared radiation material 712 in the form of pellets, granules or small spheres up to near the upper end of the drainage pipe 727 in the water treatment vessel. Then, a pair of current-carrying electrode members 113a, 113
13b extend downward so as to sandwich the drain pipe 727 in the water treatment container, and each end thereof has a far-infrared radiator 71
2 fully inserted.

Therefore, the water to be treated 118 introduced into the storage container portion 721 through the water supply pipe portion 724 is a layer of the far-infrared radiating material 712 annularly deposited around the drainage pipe 727 in the water treatment container. It gradually moves upward, reaches the space above the storage container part 721, and is thereafter taken out of the storage container part 721 via the drain pipe 727 in the water treatment container. A transformer 731 and a commercial power full-wave rectifier 732 are provided in the power supply container 722 provided on the power supply container base 728. A power supply operation box 733 is attached to the outer wall of the power supply container 722, and an external 100 volt AC power supply or the like can be taken in through a power supply cord 734 extending outward from the power supply operation box 733. I have. The electrode members 113a and 113b are connected to a rectifier 732 by a lead wire 735.
Accordingly, the water to be treated 118 introduced into the storage container portion 721 can be subjected to the energization treatment via the electrode materials 113a and 113b. And the storage container part 721
The far-infrared radiating material 712 filled in the
By generating the electromagnetic wave in response to 4, the effect of supplementing the energization process is provided. In addition, a light reflector 513 extending in the vertical direction is disposed adjacent to the storage container portion 721, and sunlight 514 applied to the light reflector 513 is also reflected here, thereby effectively using the far-infrared radiating material 712. Can be irradiated.

When the processing capacity of the water is large, when the metal material or the plastic material is used instead of the light transmitting material 726 of the cylindrical glass tube due to the strength, sunlight or lamp light is used. The light transmitting material 511 may be provided as a window so that the material can be irradiated to the far-infrared radiator material. The power supply operation box 733 incorporates a power switch and an electrode potential switch. Power supply is 1
1.5-16 V, 50 Hz, or 60 Hz using a 00 V single phase, 50 Hz, or 60 Hz sine wave alternating current
Output of the full-wave rectified wave.

(Eleventh Embodiment) A cylindrical filter having a filtration element between an electrode pair, as shown in FIG. 18A, is a cylindrical filter having a treated raw water supply port 116 and a treated water discharge port 117. The container unit 930 includes a filter member assembly that can be inserted into and removed from the container unit 930. The filter member assembly includes a cylindrical hollow filter member 933 arranged so that the axis thereof coincides with the container portion 930, and a pair of annular filter members contacting both end surfaces of the cylindrical hollow filter member 933 from the end surface side. It comprises a material holding member 934 and a pair of filter material mounting boards 932a and 932b which sandwich the cylindrical hollow filter material 933 with the filter material holding material 934 interposed therebetween. Filter material holding material 934
Serves also as a sealing material between the cylindrical hollow filter material 933 and the filter material holding material 934. Further, the pair of filter medium mounting boards 932 a and 932 b are pressed against the cylindrical hollow filter medium 933 by the filter medium tightening shaft 937 that passes through the tightening shaft hole 939.

As can be seen from FIG. 18B, which shows only the filter medium assembly, the upstream side of the filter medium mounting plate 932a, that is, the cylindrical hollow filter medium 933 and the container 930 are provided. Are formed only at positions corresponding to the space sandwiched between the filter media mounting holes 935a (four in this embodiment), while the filter material mounting plate 932b on the downstream side has a central portion, that is, a cylindrical shape. The water inlet 935b is provided only at a position corresponding to the central hollow portion of the hollow filter 933. Except for these water inlets, each filter material mounting board 932a, 932b
The container and the container 930 are sealed with a packing seal 936 or the like. Therefore, the water to be treated introduced into the container section 930 from the treated raw water supply port 116 is
As shown by the arrow shown in FIG. 27 (a), it passes through the water inlet 935a of the filter medium mounting board 932a on the upstream side, reaches the outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical hollow filter medium 933, and thereafter, the cylindrical hollow filter medium 933, through which the cylindrical hollow filter 93
3 from the central cavity of the filter medium mounting plate 932 on the downstream side
The filtered water 921 is discharged from the treated water drain port 117 through the water inlet port 935b.

On the other hand, the filter material assembly is provided with a pair of electrode materials. These electrode materials in the present embodiment include a cylindrical lath-shaped electrode material 113a disposed adjacently along the outer periphery of the cylindrical hollow filter material 933, and a central hollow portion of the cylindrical hollow filter material 933. Rod-shaped (or tubular) electrode material 113b. Each electrode material 11
3a and 113 are connected by a lead wire to a pair of electrode terminals 127 penetratingly installed through an insulator 128 to an electrode terminal board 126 also serving as a lid member on the downstream side of the container portion 930, and In this configuration, power can be supplied to the electrode pairs 113a and 113 via the electrode terminals 127. That is, by performing the filtering operation while applying the square wave power or the impulse power as described in the embodiment to the electrode pairs 113a and 113b, the cylindrical hollow filter material 93 is formed.
3 and other components of the filter medium assembly, and by preventing or suppressing the generation of microorganisms such as bacteria on the inner surface of the container portion 930, as a result, the cylindrical hollow filter medium Effects such as extending the replacement period of 933 and reducing the number of cleaning overhauls of the components of the filter medium assembly are obtained.

(Twelfth Embodiment) A container section 110 of a water treatment apparatus provided with a dissolvable metal electrode material shown in FIG. 19 is different from an ordinary (insoluble) electrode pair 113 made of platinum (Pt) or the like. In addition, a cylindrical mesh-shaped dissolvable metal electrode material 138 is provided, and is supplied from an applied power supply unit 112 through an electrode terminal 127 attached to an electrode terminal attachment water stop panel 126 and a transformer or a variable resistor 139. The three electrodes are configured to be energized. The voltages applied to the three electrodes can be individually adjusted by operating the variable resistors 139 connected to the respective electrode terminals 127 on the anode side. The shape of the dissolvable metal electrode material 138 is not limited to the above-described cylindrical shape, and a material obtained by processing a material for an electrode such as a flat plate or a rod into a cylindrical, square, or rod shape according to the shape of the device is attached. be able to. The soluble metal electrode material is silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al),
It is made of a material selected from a group of metals such as magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe), and when energized in parallel with the anode side of an insoluble metal electrode pair, the Ag of each metal electrode material is reduced. Metal ions having a sterilizing performance such as (+) and Cu (+) or metal ions having an aggregating action such as Al (3+) and Mg (2+) can be eluted into the treated water. Thereby, in the case where the eluted metal ion is a metal ion having the above-mentioned sterilization performance, by performing a treatment for killing harmful microorganisms, it is possible to impart a preservative effect to water, and on the other hand, to have the above-mentioned flocculating effect In the case of metal ions, impurities in the water to be treated, such as organic substances and various ions, can be precipitated to assist clarification. Further, for example, when iron ion Fe (2+) is eluted in water, the nutrients of microorganisms and plant and animal plankton can be precipitated and separated,
It becomes possible to elute the magnetic additive in the treated water.
The energization method may be common to the first embodiment and the like.

(Thirteenth Embodiment) A filter 960 having a water treatment container as one electrode material, as shown in FIG. 20, has a generally cylindrical container side wall 961 having a vertically extending axis.
And a plurality of cylindrical filter members 951 equally spaced and spaced along the inner peripheral surface of the container side wall portion 961, and disposed at the center of the container side wall portion 961 so as to be surrounded by the plurality of filter members 951. Rod-shaped electrode material 113. Filter material 9
Both 51 and the electrode material 113 are arranged so as to be parallel to the axis. The upper end of the container portion 961 is closed by an electrode terminal mounting plate 957, and both the container side wall portion 961 and the electrode terminal mounting plate 957 are formed of a conductor. The conductive state is maintained by bolts (conductive) for connecting the electrode terminal mounting board 957 to the container side wall 961. Further, the electrode material 113 protrudes upward from a through hole formed in the center of the electrode terminal mounting board 957 to form an electrode terminal here.
13 is supported by the through-hole of the electrode terminal mounting board 957 via a terminal plug 128 made of an insulator. On the other hand, on the inner surface near the bottom of the container side wall portion 961,
A horizontal disk-shaped partition tube plate 956 for vertically partitioning the internal space of the container side wall portion 961 is provided, and the plurality of filter materials 951 extend from the electrode terminal mounting plate 957 toward the partition tube plate 956. I have. In the center of the bottom of the container side wall 961, the electrode material 113 is placed on the insulator 95.
5 (having a cross shape or the like in a plan view so as not to impede the flow of water) and a short pipe 95 for holding the short pipe 95
4 is installed so as to penetrate the bottom surface of the container side wall portion 961 and the partition tube plate material 956.

The lower end of the short pipe 954 is an entrance for introducing the water to be treated into the container side wall 961, and the side surface of the lower space of the container 961 partitioned by the partition tube plate 956 is treated. An outlet for water to be treated is provided. Further, each filter medium 9
A through-hole corresponding to the inner peripheral surface on the lower end side of 51 is formed, and the upper and lower end surfaces of the plurality of filter media 951 are respectively formed by packing 936 on the lower surface of the electrode terminal mounting board 957 and the partition tube plate 956. Since the upper surface is sealed, the upper and lower spaces of the container portion 961 partitioned by the partition tube plate 956 are kept in communication only through the cylindrical inner surfaces of the plurality of filter materials 951. Therefore,
When the water to be treated is supplied into the filter 960 via the short pipe 954, the water to be treated is first placed in the center of the upper space of the container side wall 961 partitioned by the partition tube plate 956, that is, in the vicinity of the electrode material 113. Guided, and then passes through one of the wall surfaces of the cylindrical filter medium 951 from the outside to the inside (the filtering operation is performed at the time of the passage), and the cavity located at the center of the cylindrical filter medium 951 To the lower part of the container side wall 961 which is separated by the partition tube plate 956 beyond the partition tube plate 956, and is finally discharged as the filtered clarified water 921 from the outlet. . Here, the partition tube plate 956 restricts the water to be treated introduced from the short pipe 954 from being short-circuited and discharged from the lower space of the container side wall 961 without being subjected to the electricity treatment by the electrode pairs 113 and 961. This constitutes short-circuit prevention means.

In the filter 960, the electrode material 113 is provided as an anode, and the container side wall 961 and the electrode terminal mounting board 957 are provided as a cathode. Therefore, the electrode terminal 1 of the electrode terminal mounting board 957
27 and the terminal portion of the electrode material 113 are connected to an applied power supply unit (not shown), so that the water to be treated in the filter 960, particularly the vicinity of the plurality of
The water existing in the porous structure 51 can be subjected to an electric current treatment. By performing the filtration operation in this way while conducting the electric current (either constantly or intermittently), particularly, the water to be treated, which tends to stay in the porous tissue of the filter medium 951, may contain microorganisms such as harmful bacteria and mold. Can be prevented from occurring or the amount of occurrence can be suppressed. When an attachment is formed on the surface of each electrode pair, the attachment can be removed by reversing the applied potential. The material of the container portion 961 of the filter may be a metal or the like that can be energized, but is preferably a stainless material (for example, SUS316L) to prevent generation of rust.

(Fourteenth Embodiment) The electrolytic heat treatment type ice slurry heat storage system shown in FIG.
310 and a cyclone subcooling canceller 1330 disposed above the ice heat storage device 1310. The cyclone subcooling canceller unit 1330 is connected to the subcooler 1311, receives supercooled liquid (usually water) sent from the subcooler 1311, and performs supercooling cancellation to make ice. be able to. A part of the ice making slurry made by the cyclone subcooling canceller unit 1330 includes:
An ice slurry brine water circulation pump 1324 is supplied to an arbitrary load device 1323 through a central cylindrical tube 1331 provided in a cyclone subcooling canceller unit 1330, and the stored energy is transferred to the load device 1313.
23. On the other hand, the remaining part (excess ice slurry) of the ice making slurry produced by the cyclone subcooling canceller unit 1330 is
330 flows down from the funnel below, and the ice heat storage device 131
0 to the ice slurry in the aquarium. Load device 132
The ice slurry water left to cool at 3, heated and melted is supplied to a cyclone collector 1332 similar to the electrolytic water treatment cyclone device with a filter shown in FIG.
A part thereof is filtered by a cyclone filter unit 1333 to remove fine particles such as dust, and the obtained clarified filtrate is returned to the ice heat storage device main body 1310 and is again provided for ice making. The remaining portion, which contains a large amount, is discharged out of the system as cyclone collection sludge 1335.

When the ice slurry is insufficient only by the ice making by the cyclone subcooling canceller unit 1330, a part of the ice slurry stored in the water tank of the ice heat storage device unit 1310 is converted into the cyclone supercooling canceller central cylinder. Ice slurry brine water circulation pump 1
At 324, it is supplied to the load device 1324. Subcooler 13
The water supplied to 11 is a fine bubble generator section 1 having electrodes.
It is adjusted at 336. The fine bubble generator section 1336 is
It comprises a combination of the “electrolyzed water treatment apparatus 1200 having a mixing section as a gas-liquid contact section” described in the sixth embodiment and a source of ice nucleus gas. Fine bubble generator 13
36 mixes the ice nucleus gas and the aqueous solution,
An aqueous solution containing ice nucleus gas is generated and is
11 can be sent. Here, the fine bubble generator unit 1
The aqueous solution discharged from 336 not only has a higher ice-making efficiency than ordinary water simply because it contains ice nucleus gas, but also has a particularly fine diameter because it is based on water whose surface active effect has been enhanced by electrolytic treatment. Ice nucleus gas, resulting in the formation of finer ice. That is, the electrolytic water treatment apparatus 12 having a mixing section as a gas-liquid contact section.
00 is an aqueous solution press-fitted from the lower part of the water tank of the ice heat storage unit 1310 by the ice slurry pump 1317 and an ice nucleus gas (hydrogen (H
2), nitrogen (N2), methane (CH4), freon (R1
34a), a gaseous substance selected from carbon dioxide and air can be used) by first colliding with a target member 1203 in the form of a metal core, Swirl flow and water vortex (Karman vortex) created by mesh electrode material
By repeating the crossing (mixing) action with the above, an aqueous solution containing microbubbles of ice nucleus gas uniformly can be obtained.

Further, a branch pipe for connecting the compressed gas cylinder 1318 and the fine bubble generator section 1336 (1200) to the gas phase section in the ice heat storage device main body 1310 is provided in the gas transfer path. The branch pipe is provided with a compressor. Therefore, the ice heat storage unit 13
The fine gas bubble generator section 1336 is compressed by compressing the gas phase located above the brine water 1320 in the ten water tanks.
, The amount of gas to be supplied from the compressed gas cylinder 1318 can be suppressed. In this case, brine water 1320 in ice heat storage device main body 1310
Is sent to a microbubble generator 1336 having electrodes by a brine water supply pump 1317 for ice slurry, cooled by a supercooler 1311, and
At 330, a circulation cycle of ice making will be formed. The mixer 1334 is driven and operated as needed,
It is used for mixing the brine and ice in the water tank of the driving ice heat storage unit 1310 to some extent uniformly. The ice heat storage system used in the electrolytic treatment type ice slurry heat storage system of the present embodiment is configured such that the refrigerant is water, an ethylene glycol aqueous solution, or propylene glycol, or a chlorofluorocarbon aqueous solution, and the refrigerant is hydrogen ( H2),
In the case of performing nitrogen treatment, the common (COM) electrode water chamber has an alkaline, redox potential by setting the common (COM) electrode to a (-) potential and setting the electrode potentials of the water chambers on both sides to a (+) potential. It is also characterized in that it can be reformed to low water quality.
The type of the electrode 113 is not limited to the mesh-shaped one of the present example, and if the flow of the treated water does not extremely stop at the electrode pair,
Any shape can be adopted. Electrodialysis diaphragm 313
May be a woven fabric or an ion exchange membrane, but a porous synthetic resin hydrophilic membrane having a low electric resistance value, a porous ceramic plate, or the like can also be used. In this example, the pore diameter of hydrophilic PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) is 1
Micron, thickness 120 microns, electrical resistivity 0.27
Ohms cm and a porosity of 80% were used. As the material of the diaphragm, polyester, polyamide, polyvinylidene chloride, perfluoroethylene copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, polyether sulfone, or the like can be used. Here, the electrodialysis diaphragm 313 is connected to the water inlet 116.
A short-circuit preventing means for restricting the water to be treated introduced through the water outlet 117 from being short-circuited and discharged without being energized by the electrode pair 113.

(Eighth Embodiment) A water treatment part separation type photoelectrode water treatment apparatus 520 shown in FIG.
The photooxidized water treatment unit 515 is separated into a photooxidized water treatment unit 515 on the right and a photoreduced water treatment unit 516 on the left.
A water inlet 116 for water to be treated 118 is provided at a lower portion of each of the photoreduced water treatment section 15 and the photoreduced water treatment section 516, and a water outlet 117 is provided at an upper portion thereof. A lamp chamber containing a lamp 522 is disposed adjacent to the right side of the photo-oxidized water processing section 515. Are isolated by Further, a light-reflecting plate 513 is provided on the right side wall of the lamp chamber, and collects light from the lamp 522 to irradiate the photo-oxidized water processing unit 515.

The vicinity of the center of the water chamber partition plate 521 is constituted by an optical semiconductor electrode 512. The optical semiconductor electrode 512 is formed by individually and specially processing both surfaces of a plate-shaped base material made of a conductive material such as titanium metal. The right side surface of the optical semiconductor electrode material 512 facing the photooxidized water treatment section 515 of the optical semiconductor electrode 512 is a photosensitive electrode surface composed of a titanium oxide layer to be described later. Lamp ray 5 received from lamp 522
The electron is emitted by the action of 23, and by the emission of this electron,
Positive vacancies are formed on the photosensitive electrode surface. Therefore, the water to be treated 118 that has entered the photooxidized water treatment section 515 from the water inlet 116 is subjected to the oxidation treatment by coming into contact with the surface of the photosensitive electrode having the positively charged pores. The water 524 is discharged from the water outlet 117a. On the other hand,
The left side surface of the photosemiconductor electrode material 512 facing the photoreduced water treatment section 516 is a corrosion-resistant plating section plated with platinum or a platinum group metal such as palladium or rhodium. Reduced water treatment unit 516
The water to be treated 118 that has entered the reaction electrode is counteracted by the effect that the right side of the photoelectrode material 512 receives from the lamp beam 523 (that is, from the electrode surface of the titania layer containing titanium dioxide to the electron from the electrode surface of the reduction treatment via the conductive substrate). Is discharged), and is discharged from the water outlet 117b as photoreduced water 525.

Therefore, in this example, the photo-oxidized water 5
24 and the photoreduced water 525 are separated and can be taken out separately. Further, on the left side of the optical semiconductor electrode material 512, an optical semiconductor electrode reduction processing section electrode terminal 518 is provided, and a water processing section separated type photoelectrode water treatment apparatus main body 520 is provided.
The electrode material 113 is disposed so as to be connected to a power supply (not shown) provided outside the optical semiconductor electrode material 512 and to form an electrode pair with the left side surface of the optical semiconductor electrode material 512. The configuration is such that a reverse potential power of a positive potential can be intermittently applied to the surface from the outside for a predetermined period of time, whereby foreign substances adhered or generated on the electrode surface of the optical semiconductor electrode material 512 can be peeled off by energization. At this time, between the electrode material 113 and the optical semiconductor electrode material 512, 1 to
A voltage of about 115 V is applied and the frequency is 50 Hz to 30
Apply square wave power of 0 KHz or full-wave rectified wave power of sine wave AC or solar electromotive wave power, or 10
Apply a voltage of KV or less to change the frequency from 50Hz to 100K
It is sufficient to apply an impulse wave power of less than or equal to Hz. Alternatively, a high-voltage electric field may be applied using an insulating electrode.
Here, a high-pressure mercury xenon lamp is used as the lamp 522, but other than that, a xenon lamp, a mercury lamp,
Polarized lamps such as deuterium lamps, fluorescent lamps, black lights, and excimer lamps can also be employed. Note that the lamp 522 does not necessarily need to be isolated from the water to be treated 118 by the light transmitting material 511, and the light electrode material 512 may be irradiated while being immersed in the water to be treated 118. Further, a laser beam may be used as a light source.

Here, a method for forming the optical semiconductor electrode 512 will be described. FIG. 13 shows an optical semiconductor electrode 512.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view more specifically showing the structure of FIG. The optical semiconductor electrode 512 shown here is composed of a plate-like base material 561 made of a conductive material such as titanium metal, and the upper surface of the figure is plated with platinum or a platinum group metal such as palladium or rhodium. A corrosion-resistant plated portion 562 is formed, and an electrode terminal is attached thereto. On the other hand, the lower surface is made of 5 wt.
% Of photosensitive electrode surface composed of a titanium oxide layer containing at least
71. In the example of FIG. 13, the partially modified metal oxide base material 563 is further joined to the surface of the base material 561 to form an oxide surface of the base material to constitute a partially modified titania layer. As the metal oxide base material 563 of the partially modified portion, a metal selected from the group metals of the periodic table, such as nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru), and palladium (Pd), is employed. Partially modified by bonding. The titania layer and the metal oxide of the partially modified portion cause the surface of the titanium metal and the partially modified portion base metal to be 500 to 800 degrees Celsius (preferably 650 degrees Celsius).
(Approximately 750 degrees). As a result, as shown in FIG. 13, on the surface of the base material 561 on the side where the plated portion 562 is provided, a large number of partially modified portion metal oxide base materials 56 whose outer peripheral surfaces are all covered with the oxide film 564 are provided.
3 are integrally formed, and the remaining surface of the base material 561 is covered with a plating layer. A part of the oxide film 564 is exposed outside the plating layer. On the other hand, a large number of partially modified portion metal oxide base materials 563 project from the surface on the photosensitive electrode surface 571 side, and the remaining surface is covered with the plating layer. Furthermore, the partially modified metal oxide base material 56
The tip of 3 extends further outward from the plating layer, and only the tip portion exposed from this plating layer is covered with an oxide film. The titania layer may have a configuration in which free electrons are present by injecting donor ions, and the surface may be partially modified with a platinum group metal oxide or rhenium (Re) oxide. Oxidation water treatment can also be promoted.

The implantation of donor ions into the titania layer is performed by adding metal ions (donor atoms) of a metal selected from the periodic table and / or group metals to 50 to 1,000 pp.
It may be performed using an ion implantation apparatus so that the content of m is contained. Specifically, the ions of the above donor atoms (electron donors) are pentavalent + charged Nb (niobium), V (vanadium), Ta (thallium), and hexavalent + charged Cr.
(Chromium), Mo (molybdenum), W (tungsten)
Are suitable, and may be a single atom or a plurality of atoms. By injecting a small amount of these metal ions into titanium oxide as an n-type semiconductor, the photoelectric effect and the catalytic activity are enhanced, and even when irradiating low-level light energy of visible light that does not contain ultraviolet rays, it is easily free. Since electrons are generated, electric conduction is improved. Alternatively, ions may be implanted into the surface of the titanium metal base material in advance to form an ion-implanted layer, and the surface may be titaniad to form an electrode surface. The production of the photosensitive electrode surface of the optical semiconductor electrode material can take various forms without limitation, for example, a method of bonding an oxide film to form an oxide film.

FIG. 14 shows an example of the configuration of a partially modified current-carrying electrode material. As shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of FIG.
The current-carrying electrode material 560 partially modified with a metal oxide includes a base material 561, a partially modified metal oxide base material 563 joined to the surface of the base material 561 by electrolytic plating, thermal spraying, or the like, and a surface of the base material 561. Base material plated portion 56 applied to other areas
2 and a partially modified portion metal oxide 564 formed at the tip of the partially modified portion metal oxide base material 563.
As a result, the bottom surface of the partially modified portion metal oxide base material 563 is in contact with the base material 561, and the side surface is in contact with the base material plated portion 562, and only the apex exposed from the base material plated portion 562 is in the partially modified portion. It is in contact with surrounding gas or liquid through the metal oxide 564. As described above, the electrode material having the partially modified metal oxide 564 has an advantage that it easily adsorbs H + ions and OH− ions, and the electrode reaction is more improved than that of platinum plating alone.

The energizing electrode material 565 having a partially modified portion of the catalyst metal shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. And a partially modified portion metal oxide base material 563 joined to the surface of the base material plating portion 562 by thermal spraying or the like. In this example, as a result, the bottom surface of the partially modified portion metal oxide base material 563 is in contact only with the base material plated portion 562, and the side surface and the apex of the partially modified portion metal oxide base material 563 are located near the periphery. In direct contact with gas or liquid. As described above, the electrode material in which the above-described catalyst metal is bonded to the surface of the base material plated portion 562 has improved electrode performance as compared with the simple material of the base material plated portion 562.

14A and 14B, titanium metal or another conductive material is used for the base material 561, and the shape of the base material 561 is a flat plate shown in FIG. Not limited to this, various shapes such as a rod shape, a tubular shape, a mesh flat plate, a corrugated plate, and a cylindrical shape can be adopted according to the purpose of water treatment and the shape of the device. In any case, for the base material plating portion 562, plating of platinum or a platinum group metal such as palladium or rhodium can be mainly used. Further, a metal having a catalytic function may be employed as the partially modified portion metal oxide base material 563, and the base material 561 or the base material plated portion 562 may be partially modified by thermal spraying or the like. As a specific catalyst metal, nickel (N) selected from Group 8 metals of the periodic table
Preferred are those having a function of adsorbing hydrogen ions, such as i), palladium (Pd), rhenium (Re), and tungsten (W). The partially modified metal oxide 564 used in the current-carrying electrode material 560 partially modified with the metal oxide in FIG.
3 can be obtained by oxidizing and firing with an oxidation flame of 500 to 800 degrees Celsius. However, this partially modified metal oxide 5
64 may be obtained by other methods.

<< Experimental Example of Effect of Optical Semiconductor Electrode Material >> (Adjustment of Optical Semiconductor Electrode Material) First, a titanium metal flat plate was degreased using a degreasing solvent (n-Hexan), washed with water, and then washed.
A clean titanium material is prepared by washing with a 0% aqueous ammonium fluoride solution, washing with water and drying. Next, after one surface of the cleaned titanium material is masked with an oil-based paint or the like, and the other surface is platinum-plated, the masking paint is peeled off with a thinner or the like, and further degreased with n-Hexan. I do. Thus, an electrode substrate having a clean titanium metal surface and a platinum-plated surface is obtained. In order to enhance the catalytic activity on the titanium metal surface of the electrode base material obtained in this way, projections of different metals are formed in spots (the tip of the projections is an oxide layer in a later step). Is formed). Specifically, a dissimilar metal (Ru or the like) to be deposited may be deposited (an example of thermal spraying) on the titanium metal surface using a sputtering apparatus. Further, a projection-like dissimilar metal catalyst is also attached to the platinum electrode surface (an oxide layer is formed at the tip of the projection in a later step). Again, using a sputtering device in the same way, it is sufficient to weld the dissimilar metal to be welded,
After this welding operation, the welded portion is masked with an oil-based paint or the like, the remaining surface is plated with platinum, and then the masked portion is peeled off and removed to obtain an electrode substrate.

Next, an electrode pair was formed by using the whole of the electrode substrate as an anode and using a separately prepared insoluble platinum electrode material as a cathode, and dipped in a dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution having a conductivity of 3,000 μs / cm. After applying a current of 30 V, 2 to 0 A for about 2 minutes, take out, wash, and dry the titanium metal surface.
Baking is performed for 2 hours in an oxidizing flame of 00 to 800 degrees (preferably 650 to 750 degrees). Thus, a titanium oxide layer (titania layer) containing anatase type titanium dioxide (TiO 2) is obtained on the side of the electrode substrate on the titanium metal surface side. The tips of the projections of dissimilar metals formed in spots on the titanium metal surface side and the platinum electrode surface side are simultaneously oxidized during this firing step, whereby a heterogeneous metal oxide is obtained. Here, the generation ratio of anatase type titanium dioxide (TiO2) is deeply related to the firing temperature and time, and the firing temperature is 65 degrees Celsius.
If the temperature is lower than 0 degrees or higher than 750 degrees Celsius, or if the calcination time is significantly shorter than 2 hours, the amount of amorphous (amorphous) components increases, and as a result, the yield of anatase type titanium dioxide becomes insufficient, Not preferred. Also, 2
When the time is much longer than the time, the content of rutile-type titanium dioxide increases, and as a result, the yield of anatase-type titanium dioxide also decreases, which is also undesirable. The content of the anatase type titanium dioxide (TiO2) was measured by X
The line diffraction method was adopted. The purpose of the anodic electric current treatment is to form a thin gray-white titanium oxide film and a hydrate on the titanium metal surface, and therefore does not require a deep electrolytic treatment.
The area ratio of the spot-like projections is preferably 0.1 to 20%. If the area ratio falls below this range, the catalytic effect decreases, and if the area ratio exceeds the above range, the ratio of the titania component decreases, and the photolysis rate decreases, which is not preferable. As the titanium material, a titanium alloy metal material can be used in addition to the pure titanium metal material.

(Measurement of Oxidative Decomposition Performance of Titania Layer) The oxidative decomposition performance of the titania layer of the optical semiconductor electrode material adjusted as described above was measured. The measuring equipment mainly comprises a transparent glass tube capable of storing the above-mentioned optical semiconductor electrode material, and a lamp for irradiating the above-mentioned optical semiconductor electrode material. While irradiating the above-mentioned optical semiconductor electrode material with the lamp, an aqueous solution of a predetermined organic substance prepared in advance was passed through a transparent glass tube containing the optical semiconductor electrode material, and the presence rate of the organic substance was determined. Was measured to determine the oxidative decomposition performance. Here, a high-pressure mercury-xenon lamp is used as the lamp, and the illuminance on the electrode surface of the optical semiconductor electrode material is 5 mW / cm 2.
And 0.1% wt. Of formaldehyde (HCHO) as an aqueous solution of the organic substance. Using an aqueous solution, the solution was circulated through the transparent glass tube for 30 minutes, and the residual ratio of formaldehyde was measured. FIG.
Is a graph showing the relationship between the residual ratio of formaldehyde measured by the above method, the content of anatase-type titanium dioxide contained on the surface of the photosemiconductor electrode material, and the presence or absence of protrusions of different metals. From FIG. 15, it can be seen that when the titania layer of the optical semiconductor electrode material adjusted in the manner described above is irradiated with light, the titania layer exhibits oxidative decomposition performance.
It is understood that the decomposition effect is high, and that the photosemiconductor electrode material provided with 2% of a projection of a dissimilar metal having a catalytic action exhibits a higher decomposition effect as compared with the case where no projection is provided.

(Ninth Embodiment) The electrolytic water treatment apparatus 830 with a photovoltaic power generation panel shown in FIG. . A large number of photovoltaic power generation element materials 831a are attached to the photovoltaic power generation element panel 831 in an integrated panel shape, and the solar energy is converted into electric energy here. The power thus obtained is taken out from a power terminal 832 provided on the side of the photovoltaic element panel 831 and can be used for various purposes. On the other hand, the lower heat exchange panel section 833
Is a container that can be hermetically sealed by the photovoltaic element panel 831. Further, here, an inlet and an outlet for receiving the water to be treated are provided. The passing water to be treated can exchange heat with the photovoltaic element panel 831. Here, since the baffle plates protrude alternately from both side walls of the heat exchange panel portion 833, the water to be treated introduced from the introduction port is meandered to the left and right toward the discharge port, and the treated water 837 from the power generation panel As a result, effective heat exchange is performed. The baffle plate constitutes short-circuit restricting means for restricting the water to be treated from being discharged from the water outlet without being subjected to the energization treatment by the electric electrode. As a result, the photovoltaic element panel 831 is cooled from the lower surface side by the water to be treated passing through the heat exchange panel section 833, so that the power generation capacity is always kept high, and at the same time, the photovoltaic element panel 831 is maintained. A part of the heat energy received by the device can be taken out as hot water.

A pair of electrode members 113 is provided in the heat exchange panel section 833. By using the photovoltaic element panel 831 or the heat exchange panel section 833 while energizing the pair of electrode members 113, Heat exchange panel 83
3 is subjected to electrolyzed water treatment, and as a result, the lower surface of the photovoltaic element panel 831, the baffle plate,
In addition, the generation of bacteria in all corners of the container of the heat exchange panel portion 833 is prevented. Heat exchange panel section 833
The inner electrode material 113 is connected to the generated power input terminal 835 of the power storage and conversion device 834. Electricity storage
Since the conversion device section 834 is also provided with a power output terminal section 836, the power terminal section 8 of the photovoltaic panel 830 is provided.
32 is connected to the power output terminal portion 836, the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation panel 830 is stored in the power storage / conversion device portion 834, and after the voltage conversion, the power is supplied by the pair of electrode members 113. It can be used for treatment or converted to AC and used for driving a pump for passing the water to be treated into the vessel or for other power demands. As the photovoltaic power generation element material 831, any of silicon single crystal, polycrystal, and amorphous elements, and a composite power generation element obtained by compounding a plurality of types of elements selected from these can be used.

(Embodiment 10) The combined electromagnetic and electromagnetic wave water treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 17 is mainly used for storing a far-infrared radiating material arranged to receive sunlight and a current-carrying electrode material. Container part 721 and energized power supply container part 7
22. The storage container part 721 is provided with a water treatment unit base 723 having a water supply pipe part 724 and a treated water drain pipe part 725.
And a cylindrical glass tube 726 made of a translucent material placed on the water treatment unit base 723, and a power supply container base 728 for sealing the cylindrical glass tube 726 from above. The tightness inside the storage container part 721 is maintained by a tightening shaft 729 which presses and holds the water treatment device base plate 723 and the energized power supply container base plate 728 via the seal part 730 against the cylindrical glass tube 726. Also, by loosening the fastening shaft 729, the storage container portion 721 can be disassembled. In the storage container part 721, a drainage pipe 72 in the water treatment container communicating with the treated water drainage pipe part 725 is provided.
7 is detachably attached, and furthermore, a storage container portion 7
The inside of 21 is filled with a far infrared radiation material 712 in the form of pellets, granules or small spheres up to near the upper end of the drainage pipe 727 in the water treatment vessel. Then, a pair of current-carrying electrode members 113a, 113
13b extend downward so as to sandwich the drain pipe 727 in the water treatment container, and each end thereof has a far-infrared radiator 71
2 fully inserted.

Therefore, the water to be treated 118 introduced into the storage container portion 721 through the water supply pipe portion 724 is a layer of the far-infrared radiating material 712 annularly deposited around the drainage pipe 727 in the water treatment container. It gradually moves upward, reaches the space above the storage container part 721, and is thereafter taken out of the storage container part 721 via the drain pipe 727 in the water treatment container. A transformer 731 and a commercial power full-wave rectifier 732 are provided in the power supply container 722 provided on the power supply container base 728. A power supply operation box 733 is attached to the outer wall of the power supply container 722, and an external 100 volt AC power supply or the like can be taken in through a power supply cord 734 extending outward from the power supply operation box 733. I have. The electrode members 113a and 113b are connected to a rectifier 732 by a lead wire 735.
Accordingly, the water to be treated 118 introduced into the storage container portion 721 can be subjected to the energization treatment via the electrode materials 113a and 113b. And the storage container part 721
The far-infrared radiating material 712 filled in the
By generating the electromagnetic wave in response to 4, the effect of supplementing the energization process is provided. In addition, a light reflector 513 extending in the vertical direction is disposed adjacent to the storage container portion 721, and sunlight 514 applied to the light reflector 513 is also reflected here, thereby effectively using the far-infrared radiating material 712. Can be irradiated.

Further, when the treatment capacity of the water is large, when a metal material or a plastics material is used instead of the translucent material 726 of the cylindrical glass tube due to the strength, sunlight or lamp light is used. The light transmitting material 511 may be provided as a window so that the material can be irradiated to the far-infrared radiator material. The power supply operation box 733 incorporates a power switch and an electrode potential switch. Power supply is 1
1.5-16 V, 50 Hz, or 60 Hz using a 00 V single phase, 50 Hz, or 60 Hz sine wave alternating current
Output of the full-wave rectified wave.

(Eleventh Embodiment) A cylindrical filter having a filtration element between an electrode pair, as shown in FIG. The container unit 930 includes a filter member assembly that can be inserted into and removed from the container unit 930. The filter member assembly includes a cylindrical hollow filter member 933 arranged so that the axis thereof coincides with the container portion 930, and a pair of annular filter members contacting both end surfaces of the cylindrical hollow filter member 933 from the end surface side. It comprises a material holding member 934 and a pair of filter material mounting boards 932a and 932b which sandwich the cylindrical hollow filter material 933 with the filter material holding material 934 interposed therebetween. Filter material holding material 934
Serves also as a sealing material between the cylindrical hollow filter material 933 and the filter material holding material 934. Further, the pair of filter medium mounting boards 932 a and 932 b are pressed against the cylindrical hollow filter medium 933 by the filter medium tightening shaft 937 that passes through the tightening shaft hole 939.

As can be seen from FIG. 18B, which shows only the filter medium assembly, the filter medium mounting plate 932a on the upstream side has an outer peripheral side, that is, a cylindrical hollow filter medium 933 and a container section 930. Are formed only at positions corresponding to the space sandwiched between the filter material mounting holes 935a (four locations in this embodiment). On the other hand, the filter material mounting plate 932b on the downstream side has a central portion, that is, a cylindrical shape. The water inlet 935b is provided only at a position corresponding to the central hollow portion of the hollow filter 933. Except for these water inlets, each filter material mounting board 932a, 932b
The container and the container 930 are sealed with a packing seal 936 or the like. Therefore, the water to be treated introduced into the container section 930 from the treated raw water supply port 116 is
As shown by the arrow shown in FIG. 27 (a), it passes through the water inlet 935a of the filter medium mounting board 932a on the upstream side, reaches the outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical hollow filter medium 933, and thereafter, the cylindrical hollow filter medium 933, through which the cylindrical hollow filter 93
3 from the central cavity of the filter medium mounting plate 932 on the downstream side
The filtered water 921 is discharged from the treated water drain port 117 through the water inlet port 935b.

On the other hand, the filter member assembly is provided with a pair of electrode members. These electrode materials in the present embodiment include a cylindrical lath-shaped electrode material 113a disposed adjacently along the outer periphery of the cylindrical hollow filter material 933, and a central hollow portion of the cylindrical hollow filter material 933. Rod-shaped (or tubular) electrode material 113b. Each electrode material 11
3a and 113 are connected by a lead wire to a pair of electrode terminals 127 penetratingly installed through an insulator 128 to an electrode terminal board 126 also serving as a lid member on the downstream side of the container portion 930, and In this configuration, power can be supplied to the electrode pairs 113a and 113 via the electrode terminals 127. That is, by performing the filtering operation while applying the square wave power or the impulse power as described in the embodiment to the electrode pairs 113a and 113b, the cylindrical hollow filter material 93 is formed.
3 and other components of the filter medium assembly, and by preventing or suppressing the generation of microorganisms such as bacteria on the inner surface of the container portion 930, as a result, the cylindrical hollow filter medium Effects such as extending the replacement period of 933 and reducing the number of cleaning overhauls of the components of the filter medium assembly are obtained.

(Twelfth Embodiment) A container section 110 of a water treatment apparatus provided with a dissolvable metal electrode material shown in FIG. 19 is different from an ordinary (insoluble) electrode pair 113 made of platinum (Pt) or the like. In addition, a cylindrical mesh-shaped dissolvable metal electrode material 138 is provided, and is supplied from an applied power supply unit 112 through an electrode terminal 127 attached to an electrode terminal attachment water stop panel 126 and a transformer or a variable resistor 139. It is configured to be able to supply current to these three electrodes. The voltages applied to the three electrodes can be individually adjusted by operating the variable resistors 139 connected to the respective electrode terminals 127 on the anode side. The shape of the dissolvable metal electrode material 138 is not limited to the above-described cylindrical shape, and a material obtained by processing a material for an electrode such as a flat plate or a rod into a cylindrical, square, or rod shape according to the shape of the device is attached. be able to. The soluble metal electrode material is silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al),
It is made of a material selected from a group of metals such as magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe), and when energized in parallel with the anode side of an insoluble metal electrode pair, the Ag of each metal electrode material is reduced. Metal ions having a sterilizing performance such as (+) and Cu (+) or metal ions having an aggregating action such as Al (3+) and Mg (2+) can be eluted into the treated water. Thereby, in the case where the eluted metal ion is a metal ion having the above-mentioned sterilization performance, by performing a treatment for killing harmful microorganisms, it is possible to impart a preservative effect to water, and on the other hand, to have the above-mentioned flocculating effect In the case of metal ions, impurities in the water to be treated, such as organic substances and various ions, can be precipitated to assist clarification. Further, for example, when iron ion Fe (2+) is eluted in water, the nutrients of microorganisms and plant and animal plankton can be precipitated and separated,
It becomes possible to elute the magnetic additive in the treated water.
The energization method may be common to the first embodiment and the like.

(Thirteenth Embodiment) A filter 960 having a water treatment container as one electrode material, as shown in FIG. 20, is a generally cylindrical container side wall 961 having a vertically extending axis.
And a plurality of cylindrical filter members 951 equally spaced and spaced along the inner peripheral surface of the container side wall portion 961, and disposed at the center of the container side wall portion 961 so as to be surrounded by the plurality of filter members 951. Rod-shaped electrode material 113. Filter material 9
Both 51 and the electrode material 113 are arranged so as to be parallel to the axis. The upper end of the container portion 961 is closed by an electrode terminal mounting plate 957, and both the container side wall portion 961 and the electrode terminal mounting plate 957 are formed of a conductor. The conductive state is maintained by bolts (conductive) for connecting the electrode terminal mounting board 957 to the container side wall 961. Further, the electrode material 113 protrudes upward from a through hole formed in the center of the electrode terminal mounting board 957 to form an electrode terminal here.
13 is supported by the through-hole of the electrode terminal mounting board 957 via a terminal plug 128 made of an insulator. On the other hand, on the inner surface near the bottom of the container side wall portion 961,
A horizontal disk-shaped partition tube plate 956 for vertically partitioning the internal space of the container side wall portion 961 is provided, and the plurality of filter materials 951 extend from the electrode terminal mounting plate 957 toward the partition tube plate 956. I have. In the center of the bottom of the container side wall 961, the electrode material 113 is placed on the insulator 95.
5 (having a cross shape or the like in a plan view so as not to impede the flow of water) and a short pipe 95 for holding the short pipe 95
4 is installed so as to penetrate the bottom surface of the container side wall portion 961 and the partition tube plate material 956.

The lower end of the short pipe 954 serves as an inlet for introducing water to be treated into the container side wall 961, and the side of the lower space of the container 961 partitioned by the partition tube plate 956 has a treated side. An outlet for water to be treated is provided. Further, each filter medium 9
A through-hole corresponding to the inner peripheral surface on the lower end side of 51 is formed, and the upper and lower end surfaces of the plurality of filter media 951 are respectively formed by packing 936 on the lower surface of the electrode terminal mounting board 957 and the partition tube plate 956. Since the upper surface is sealed, the upper and lower spaces of the container portion 961 partitioned by the partition tube plate 956 are kept in communication only through the cylindrical inner surfaces of the plurality of filter materials 951. Therefore,
When the water to be treated is supplied into the filter 960 via the short pipe 954, the water to be treated is first placed in the center of the upper space of the container side wall 961 partitioned by the partition tube plate 956, that is, in the vicinity of the electrode material 113. Guided, and then passes through one of the wall surfaces of the cylindrical filter medium 951 from the outside to the inside (the filtering operation is performed at the time of the passage), and the cavity located at the center of the cylindrical filter medium 951 To the lower part of the container side wall 961 which is separated by the partition tube plate 956 beyond the partition tube plate 956, and is finally discharged as the filtered clarified water 921 from the outlet. . Here, the partition tube plate 956 restricts the water to be treated introduced from the short pipe 954 from being short-circuited and discharged from the lower space of the container side wall 961 without being subjected to the electricity treatment by the electrode pairs 113 and 961. This constitutes short-circuit prevention means.

In the filter 960, the electrode material 113 is provided as an anode, and the container side wall 961 and the electrode terminal mounting board 957 are provided as a cathode. Therefore, the electrode terminal 1 of the electrode terminal mounting board 957
27 and the terminal portion of the electrode material 113 are connected to an applied power supply unit (not shown), so that the water to be treated in the filter 960, particularly the vicinity of the plurality of
The water existing in the porous structure 51 can be subjected to an electric current treatment. By performing the filtration operation in this way while conducting the electric current (either constantly or intermittently), particularly, the water to be treated, which tends to stay in the porous tissue of the filter medium 951, may contain microorganisms such as harmful bacteria and mold. Can be prevented from occurring or the amount of occurrence can be suppressed. When an attachment is formed on the surface of each electrode pair, the attachment can be removed by reversing the applied potential. The material of the container portion 961 of the filter may be a metal or the like that can be energized, but is preferably a stainless material (for example, SUS316L) to prevent generation of rust.

(Fourteenth Embodiment) The electrolytic heat treatment ice slurry heat storage system shown in FIG.
310 and a cyclone subcooling canceller 1330 disposed above the ice heat storage device 1310. The cyclone subcooling canceller unit 1330 is connected to the subcooler 1311, receives supercooled liquid (usually water) sent from the subcooler 1311, and performs supercooling cancellation to make ice. be able to. A part of the ice making slurry made by the cyclone subcooling canceller unit 1330 includes:
An ice slurry brine water circulation pump 1324 is supplied to an arbitrary load device 1323 through a central cylindrical tube 1331 provided in a cyclone subcooling canceller unit 1330, and the stored energy is transferred to the load device 1313.
23. On the other hand, the remaining part (excess ice slurry) of the ice making slurry produced by the cyclone subcooling canceller unit 1330 is
330 flows down from the funnel below, and the ice heat storage device 131
0 to the ice slurry in the aquarium. Load device 132
The ice slurry water left to cool at 3, heated and melted is supplied to a cyclone collector 1332 similar to the electrolytic water treatment cyclone device with a filter shown in FIG.
A part thereof is filtered by a cyclone filter unit 1333 to remove fine particles such as dust, and the obtained clarified filtrate is returned to the ice heat storage device main body 1310 and is again provided for ice making. The remaining portion, which contains a large amount, is discharged out of the system as cyclone collection sludge 1335.

If the ice slurry is insufficient only by the ice making by the cyclone subcooling canceller unit 1330, a part of the ice slurry stored in the water tank of the ice heat storage unit 1310 is converted to the cyclone supercooling canceler central cylinder. Ice slurry brine water circulation pump 1
At 324, it is supplied to the load device 1324. Subcooler 13
The water supplied to 11 is a fine bubble generator section 1 having electrodes.
It is adjusted at 336. The fine bubble generator section 1336 is
It comprises a combination of the “electrolyzed water treatment apparatus 1200 having a mixing section as a gas-liquid contact section” described in the sixth embodiment and a source of ice nucleus gas. Fine bubble generator 13
36 mixes the ice nucleus gas and the aqueous solution,
An aqueous solution containing ice nucleus gas is generated and is
11 can be sent. Here, the fine bubble generator unit 1
The aqueous solution discharged from 336 not only has a higher ice-making efficiency than ordinary water simply because it contains ice nucleus gas, but also has a particularly fine diameter because it is based on water whose surface active effect has been enhanced by electrolytic treatment. Ice nucleus gas, resulting in the formation of finer ice. That is, the electrolytic water treatment apparatus 12 having a mixing section as a gas-liquid contact section.
00 is an aqueous solution press-fitted from the lower part of the water tank of the ice heat storage unit 1310 by the ice slurry pump 1317 and an ice nucleus gas (hydrogen (H
2), nitrogen (N2), methane (CH4), freon (R1
34a), a gaseous substance selected from carbon dioxide and air can be used) by first colliding with a target member 1203 in the form of a metal core, Swirl flow and water vortex (Karman vortex) created by mesh electrode material
By repeating the crossing (mixing) action with the above, an aqueous solution containing microbubbles of ice nucleus gas uniformly can be obtained.

Further, a branch pipe for connecting the compressed gas cylinder 1318 and the fine bubble generator section 1336 (1200) to the gas phase section in the ice heat storage device main body 1310 is provided in the gas transfer path. The branch pipe is provided with a compressor. Therefore, the ice heat storage unit 13
The fine gas bubble generator section 1336 is compressed by compressing the gas phase located above the brine water 1320 in the ten water tanks.
, The amount of gas to be supplied from the compressed gas cylinder 1318 can be suppressed. In this case, brine water 1320 in ice heat storage device main body 1310
Is sent to a microbubble generator 1336 having electrodes by a brine water supply pump 1317 for ice slurry, cooled by a supercooler 1311, and
At 330, a circulation cycle of ice making will be formed. The mixer 1334 is driven and operated as needed,
It is used for mixing the brine and ice in the water tank of the driving ice heat storage unit 1310 to some extent uniformly. The ice heat storage system used in the electrolytic treatment type ice slurry heat storage system of the present embodiment is configured such that the refrigerant is water, an ethylene glycol aqueous solution, or propylene glycol, or a chlorofluorocarbon aqueous solution, and the refrigerant is hydrogen ( H2),
Nitrogen (N2), methane (CH4), Freon (R134
a) stored in an ice-making water tank under pressure of a gas selected from carbon dioxide (CO2) and air; hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2), methane (CH4),
It is characterized in that a refrigerant selected from carbon dioxide (CO2) and chlorofluorocarbon (R134a) is used as an ice nucleus substance for forming a clathrate. This system can also be used for dissolving and storing carbon dioxide gas or methane gas in ocean water or fresh water.

(Fifteenth Embodiment) The information processing system based on the wireless information terminal and the public telephone line communication system shown schematically in FIG. It comprises a communication terminal master unit 1610 and a communication terminal slave unit (information terminal) 1611 which form a pair with a communication modem 1613 and an antenna 1612. Client computer 1
614 and the communication terminal base unit 1610 are each a telephone communication modem 1613 and a communication line 1615 (either public or private).
And are tied together. The communication terminal handset 1611 can be attached to the water treatment device or the auxiliary device according to the above-described various embodiments, and can transmit operation data and water quality data of these water treatment devices to radio waves (of course, communication by wire. Transported at 1616 and delivered to the client computer 1614 via the communication terminal master device 1610. The client computer 1614 determines a subsequent operation schedule of the water treatment device based on the received operation data and water quality data of the water treatment device, and transmits a device control signal based on the determination result to the communication terminal master device 1610. The information is transmitted to a communication terminal slave (information terminal) 1611 via a line 1615 to control the operation of the water treatment apparatus. Incidentally, the radio wave 1616 may be a specific low-power radio MCA radio communication system for data transmission in the 400 MHz band, a millimeter wave radio communication system in the 30 to 300 GHz band, or a submillimeter (infrared) communication system having a transmission capability of 10 to 100 GBit. It is better to select and adopt more. Using the connection of the communication line 1615, the communication terminal master device 1610 and the client computer 161 are connected.
4 or 4 can be freely connected to a LAN (limited area communication network). On the other hand, the communication terminal master unit 161
0 and the client computer 1614 may be connected by digital public communication such as PHS without using a telephone communication modem. The above communication line usage is merely an example, and the Internet communication system, intranet communication system, extranet communication system, integrated digital communication system, satellite digital communication system, and open computer network (OCN) are also adopted. it can.

Alternative Embodiment <1> The electrolytic water treatment cyclone device 910 with a filter shown in FIG.
And a filtration unit 911 arranged above the cyclone container 121 and a sludge filtration unit 915 arranged below the cyclone container 121. The cyclone container part 121 has a shape in which a funnel-shaped part that is opened upward and a cylindrical part that extends upward from the funnel-shaped part are combined. The water 116 to be treated is introduced into the cylindrical portion at a high flow rate, and the sludge filtered water 9 from the sludge filtering device 915 is introduced.
An ejector 161 for inhaling the inhaler 22 is connected, but as shown in FIG.
The discharge port 61 extends not along the axis of the cyclone container 121 but along the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion so that a swirling flow basically flowing in the horizontal direction is formed in the cyclone container 121. It is aimed at. The filtration device at the top of the cyclone has a container 911 having a cylindrical outer shape, and the inside of the container 911 is vertically divided by a filter medium support plate 912 having a passage for the filtrate.
A form in which a plurality of columnar filtering materials 914 are arranged along the inner periphery of the container portion 911 between an electrode terminal mounting plate 913 also serving as a detachable lid member of the container portion 911 and a filtering material support plate 912. Supported by. The space above the filter medium support plate 912 of the container 911 is kept in communication with the center of the cyclone container 121 by the cylindrical tube 122. Further, in the cylindrical tube 122, a pair of electrode members 113 including a mesh-shaped cylindrical cathode electrode 113a and a rod-shaped anode electrode 113b disposed at the center of the cathode electrode 113a are arranged. Lumber 113
By applying the same square wave power or impulse wave power as in the first embodiment, the sludge component can be separated from the water to be treated. Therefore, ejector 1
The water to be treated introduced into the cyclone container 121 by the guide 61 is guided to the upper space in the container 911 of the filter device through the cylindrical tube 122, and the electrode material 11
3, after the electrolytic treatment is performed,
Through the wall of (the filtration operation is performed at this time)
It escapes into the lower space in the container part 911 of the filtration device part, and is discharged from the water outlet 117 as electrolytically treated water 119 which has been subjected to filtration clarification and electrolytic treatment. On the other hand, this processing tube 1
The sludge generated from the treated raw water during the electrolytic treatment performed through the contact with the electrode 113 in 22 falls under water along the slope of the funnel-shaped portion of the cyclone container 121,
It precipitates in the funnel-shaped part of the cyclone container part 121. The amount of the sludge settled in the funnel-shaped part is always opened in the cyclone container part 121 by opening the discharge valve 124 appropriately or opening and closing at an appropriate time interval and dropping the sludge in the sludge filtration device part. Less than a certain amount can be stored. The treatment pipe 122 is provided to prevent short-circuiting of the water to be treated introduced from the water inlet 116 into the vicinity of the electrode pair 113 and the columnar filter 914 without being subjected to sludge separation in the cyclone container 121. Means.

The sludge filtration device is mainly provided with a container 915 which is connected to the lower end of the cyclone container 121 via a sludge discharge valve 124 whose opening can be adjusted, and is accommodated in the container 915. And a filter bag 916 made of cloth or the like. That is, the water to be treated containing the components such as the particles having a large specific gravity is filtered by the filtration bag 916 and discharged from the sludge filtered water outlet 918 provided at the center of the lower end of the container portion 915. The condensate is returned to the cyclone container 121 via the sludge filtrate control valve 919 a and the ejector 161, and the remaining part is taken out via the sludge filtrate control valve 919 and used as sludge filtrate 922. In order to ensure good drainage from the filtration bag 916 to the sludge filtered water outlet 918, the filter bag 916 is not placed directly on the bottom inner surface of the container 915, but upstream of the sludge filtered water outlet 918. Are supported on a filter bag supporting multi-hole plate 917 provided in the filter bag. The example of this alternative embodiment <1> is particularly suitable for a water treatment for disinfecting and clarifying bacteria, yeast, or virus in service water having a relatively large amount of iron rust and earth and sand. The configuration of the applied power supply device, the configuration of the plating material for making the electrodes insoluble, and the range and configuration of the frequency of the modulated wave or the square wave used may be the same as those in the first embodiment.

<2> FIG. 24 shows a water tank ejector as a modification of the embodiment of FIG. This water tank ejector is provided with a water supply pipe 161 for supplying treated raw water 116.
And an intermediate portion 16 connected to the downstream end of the water supply pipe 161.
2 and a tip portion 163 connected to the further downstream end portion of the intermediate portion 162. In the middle part 162, a water supply pipe 161 is provided.
The orifice (throttle section) 162a for increasing the flow rate of the treated raw water 116 fed through the through hole, and the water stored in the water storage tank 160 by the suction effect of the treated raw water 116 whose flow rate has been increased by the orifice 162a are stored in the intermediate section 162
A suction port 162b for drawing in is provided. The water storage tank 16 thus drawn into the intermediate portion 162
0 is mixed with the raw water 116 to be treated.
The nozzle 63 is discharged from a nozzle portion a formed at the downstream end. Therefore, in the water storage tank 160, a circulation flow path that is discharged from the nozzle portion a and then goes to the suction port 162b is formed. A portion of the tip portion 163 adjacent to the upstream side of the nozzle portion a is a submerged buried cylindrical electrolytic water treatment apparatus main body 11.
0, which includes an electrode pair 113 arranged to extend along the water stream. Therefore, the water supply pipe 16
The treated raw water 116 supplied through 2 is subjected to electrolytic water treatment in the cylindrical electrolytic water treatment device main body 110 while sucking water in the water storage tank from the suction port 162b. Electrode pair 113
Is applied with a voltage of about 1 to 115 V, and the frequency is 50
It is possible to apply square wave power of 300 Hz to 300 KHz, full-wave rectified wave power of sine wave alternating current, or solar electromotive wave power, thereby performing electrolysis treatment more effectively. This treated water flows in the water stream 1 along the circulation channel.
63 is formed to agitate the water stored in the water storage tank 160, so that the stored water is less likely to stagnate in the water storage tank 160, and has an effect of preventing the stored water from being decomposed.

<3> FIG. 25-a shows an example of the apparatus for treating an exhaust gas electrolyzed water. The inside of a main body 1110 of the exhaust gas electrolyzed water treatment apparatus generally in the form of a cylindrical container having a bottom is provided with an upper perforated plate shelf 111.
The first and lower electrolyzed water treatment shelves 1112 partition the upper space, the middle space, and the lower space arranged in the vertical direction into three spaces. An intake port 1120 for introducing a target gas to be treated, that is, exhaust gas 1120, is provided in the lower layer space.
The lower part is the exhaust gas electrolyzed water treatment device main body 111.
0, where a gas treated water receiving tank 1117 is provided. Further, the same electromagnetic and / or electromagnetic wave water treatment apparatus 900 as that according to the first or second embodiment described above is installed adjacent to the main body 1110.

The target gas to be treated, ie, exhaust gas 1122, is introduced into the lower space between the gas treated water receiving tank 1117 and the electrolyzed water treatment shelf 1112 through the intake port 1120, and then the main body 1110 is discharged. The passage that can pass through the electrolyzed water treatment shelf 1112 is a trumpet-shaped gas-liquid contact portion 11 provided on the electrolyzed water treatment shelf 1112.
It is limited to 14. The flared gas-liquid contact portion 1114 is
It comprises a trumpet-shaped canopy 1116 in which a perforated plate material such as a lath material is disposed so that gaseous substances can pass through, and a shower 1115a provided above the trumpet-shaped canopy 1116. The shower 1115a is a gas treatment water receiving tank 111.
The water for gas treatment in 7 is sprayed from above onto a trumpet-shaped canal 1116 by a pump 1118. In addition, a water layer having a predetermined thickness (5 to 10 cm) is always held around the trumpet-shaped neck portion 1116 of the electrolyzed water treatment shelf 1112, and the electrode pairs 113a and 113a are immersed in the water layer. Have been. A voltage of about 1 to 115 V is applied to these electrode pairs, and a square wave power having a frequency of about 50 Hz to 300 KHz is applied, and the same type of current as that shown in the first embodiment is constantly applied. . The thickness of the aqueous layer is
It is kept constant by a downcomer (when the flow tube) 1113 connects the lower part and the middle part. In addition, as a perforated plate material installed in the trumpet-shaped canal portion 1116, a lath material, a perforated plate, a wire mesh, or the like can be adopted.
This may be a single layer or multiple layers.

[0117] The exhaust gas 1120 is
When passing through the gas treatment water 116a, forced contact with the gas treatment water constantly circulated by the shower 1115a,
At this time, harmful compounds such as dioxin and other particulate impurities contained in the exhaust gas 1120 are transferred into the gas treatment water. The water layer is formed and maintained by gas-treated water falling from a perforated plate shelf 1111 disposed above the electrolytic water treatment shelf 1112. The exhaust gas 1120 after passing through the gas-liquid flow contact portion 1116a then comes into contact with the surface of the water layer stored in the electrolyzed water treatment shelf 1112 in the middle portion, where a part of the component is removed. It is dissolved in the water of the aqueous layer. At this time, this dissolving action is caused by an electrolytic phenomenon performed by a square wave power or the like which is energized by the electrode pairs 113a, 113a immersed in the aqueous layer, in other words, by ionization of the water. Promoted. Next, the exhaust gas 1120 is forced to pass through the perforated plate shelf 1111 from bottom to top. In the perforated plate shelf 1111,
A perforated plate 1111a as a shelf with good air permeability, and a pair of electrode pairs 113b provided above the perforated plate 1111a,
A second gas-liquid flow contact portion 1116b composed of a gas treatment water 113b and a shower 1115b for spraying gas treatment water in a gas treatment water receiving tank 1117 to the electrode pairs 113b and 113b from above by a pump 1118 is provided. The pair of electrode pairs 113b, 113b is in the form of a pair of perforated plates that are arranged facing each other from above and below with an interval of several centimeters, and a voltage of about 1 to 115 V is applied to these electrode pairs. Square-wave power having a frequency of 50 Hz to 300 KHz, sine-wave AC full-wave rectified wave power, pure DC power, and the like are applied according to the control program.

A perforated plate shelf 1111 and a pair of electrode pairs 113
b, 113b, and a pair of electrode pairs 113
In order to reduce pressure loss, an air bubble fluidized layer is formed in the space between the b and 113b. However, a far-infrared ray radiating material or the like may be placed for the purpose of promoting ionization of water. good. The exhaust gas 1120 is supplied to the gas-liquid flow contact portion 1116b.
When passing through, the shower 1115b is forced into contact with the clean gas treatment water constantly circulated by the shower 1115b, and at this time, the harmful compounds and particulates and other impurities contained in the exhaust gas 1120 are removed by the gas treatment water. This conversion is promoted by the electrolytic phenomenon performed by the square wave power supplied through the gas treatment water, and as a result, the efficient second-stage gas cleaning treatment is performed. Done. The exhaust gas 1120 that has undergone the first-stage and second-stage gas cleaning processes is discharged as a process clean gas 1121 from an exhaust tower 1121 provided at the top of the main body 1110. Further, mist-like water generated in the lower electrolyzed water treatment shelf 1112a and the upper electrolyzed water treatment shelf 1112b is discharged from the exhaust tower 112.
In order to prevent the exhaust gas from being discharged from the exhaust gas as much as possible and return the water to the exhaust gas electrolyzed water treatment system, the exhaust tower 11
Immediately before 21, a mist separator 1119 is provided.

The gas treatment liquid 1110 used for purifying the exhaust gas 1120 in the tower is supplied to the gas treatment water receiving tank 11.
17, the water is supplied to the same electromagnetic and / or electromagnetic wave water treatment apparatus 900 as in the first or second embodiment by a circulating water pump 1118, where the water is treated and purified. And the water supply nozzle 117, which is supplied to make up the shortage,
15a and 1115b show that the exhaust gas electrolyzed water treatment tower 11
It is configured to be circulated and supplied within the apparatus 10. The downcomer 1113 is provided to allow excess water to leak downward so that an excessive amount of water does not stay in the electrolyzed water treatment shelf 1112. As shown in FIG. 25-b,
The downcomer 1113 includes a vertically upward leak tube 1113a and a bubble cap 1113b fitted inside a through hole of the electrolyzed water treatment shelf 1112. Bubble cap 11
13b has a bowl-like shape in which the edge is zigzag cut over the entire circumference, and is arranged with a space above the leak cylinder 1113a in a prone state.

[0120] The bubble cap 1113b is fixed to the electrolyzed water treatment shelf 1112.
The distance between the leak cylinder 1113a and the electrolyzed water treatment shelf 1112 can be adjusted in the vertical direction, though the distance between the two is not adjustable. If the leak cylinder 1113a is moved up and down as needed, the immersion depth of the bubble cap 1113b changes, whereby the inner surface of the bubble cap 1113b is reached from below the electrolytic water treatment shelf 1112 via the leak cylinder 1113a. , From there bubble cap 11
The amount of air passing radially outward through the zig-zag edge of 13b and onto the water surface on the electrolyzed water treatment shelf 1112 can be adjusted, and consequently, sufficient It can be adjusted to form a fluidized bed of bubbles. Further, a heat exchanger may be interposed in the shelf in the tower to take into account heat treatment operations such as cooling and heating of the water to be treated at the time of gas-liquid contact. Further, the configuration of the shelf in the tower is not limited to the example of FIG. 25, and may be configured only with the perforated stage or only the trumpet-shaped shelf.

<4> FIG. 26 shows a lamp-light irradiation type photoelectrode water treatment device as a modification of the photoelectrode water treatment device of FIG. The lamp optical core irradiation type photoelectrode water treatment apparatus main body 530 includes a photo-oxidized water treatment unit 515 surrounding the lamp 522 in a circumferential shape, and a photo-reduced water treatment unit 516 further surrounding the photo-oxidized water treatment unit 515 in a circumferential shape. Have. Part of the partition wall 521 that separates the photo-oxidized water processing unit 515 and the photo-reduced water processing unit 516 is composed of a pair of optical semiconductor electrode materials 512 and 512 that are arranged to face each other. Partition wall 521
Constitute short-circuit prevention means having a function similar to that of the baffle plate of FIG. The surface of the photo-semiconductor electrode materials 512 and 512 facing the photoreduced water treatment section 516 side, in other words, the inner surface is formed of a light-sensitive electrode surface composed of a titanium oxide layer, and thus the lamp emitted from the lamp 522 is formed. By directly receiving the light beam 523 only through water (that is, without passing through a light-transmitting material or the like), the light beam 523 functions as an anode for taking away electrons from others, and the water for contact with the anode can be oxidized.
Therefore, the surfaces of the optical semiconductor electrode materials 512 and 512 facing the photooxidized water treatment unit 515 side, in other words, the outer surfaces,
By the action of electron transfer based on the photosensitive electrode surface described above,
In addition, it acts as a cathode that gives electrons and can reduce water used in contact with the cathode. The to-be-treated water 118 is first supplied from the water inlet 116 to the space between the optical semiconductor electrode materials 512 and 512 of the photo-oxidized water treatment unit 515, and the optical semiconductor electrode materials 512 and 512 being received in this space. 51
2 is oxidized by the oxidizing action of 2, and then enters the photoreduced water treatment unit 516, is subjected to a reduction treatment, and can be taken out as lamp photooxidized and reduced treated water 532.

The electrode material 113c and the electrode material 113c are located near the water inlet 116 of the photooxidized water treatment section 515 and the photoreduced water treatment section 516.
113c is disposed so as to form the electrode pair 531 of the electrolytic tatami mat processing electrode, and by conducting the same current as that described in the first embodiment, etc., the optical semiconductor electrode material In addition to the oxidation / reduction treatment by 512 and 512, it is possible to obtain the photo-electrolysis superimposed treatment water 532 which has been subjected to a further level of oxidation / reduction treatment. Further, an optical semiconductor electrode reduction processing electrode terminal 518 is provided on the outer surface of each optical semiconductor electrode material 512, and is connected to a power supply provided outside the main body 530 of the separated water electrode for water treatment unit. The electrode material 113b is arranged so as to form an electrode pair with the outer surface of the optical semiconductor electrode material 512, and the inverted potential power of the positive potential is provided on the reduction electrode surface of the optical semiconductor electrode material 512. Can be applied from the outside intermittently for a predetermined period of time, whereby foreign matter adhered or generated on the electrode surface of the optical semiconductor electrode material 512 can be peeled off by energization. Also in this embodiment, by changing the method of draining the treated water, the photooxidized water 524 and the photoreduced water 525 can be separated and taken out separately. Further, it is also possible to dispose a cylindrical light transmitting material 511 around the lamp 522 and irradiate the light from the lamp light beam 523 to the optical semiconductor electrode material via the light transmitting material. Further, as the lamp light, continuous irradiation light or discontinuous pulse irradiation light can be adopted.

<5> FIG. 27 shows a modified example of the lamp light core irradiation type photoelectrode water treatment device shown in FIG. In the embodiment of FIG. 26, while a pair of planar photoelectrode materials is provided,
In the embodiment of FIG. 27, the photoelectrode material includes a cylindrical portion 575a arranged so as to surround the light source lamp 522 from the entire periphery except for the water inlet and the water outlet in a plan view, and the upper and lower openings of the cylindrical portion. Upper and lower donut-shaped disc-shaped portions 575b, 5 connected to each other to close these openings.
The outer shape 75c is a drum-shaped three-dimensional integrated photoelectrode material 575. That is, the light source lamp 522
Almost all of the light beams irradiated in various directions from are surely received by the cylindrical portion and the upper and lower disc-shaped portions. The outer peripheries of the upper and lower disc-shaped portions 575b and 575c are air-tightly connected to the cylindrical portion 575a so that liquid does not leak, while the inner peripheries of the upper and lower disc-shaped portions are vertically moved from the light source lamp 522. A rubber sealing film 593 is provided for the extending cylindrical rod members 522a and 522b.
a, 593b are connected in an airtight manner. FIG.
-B, the rubber sealing films 593a, 593a
Each inner peripheral portion of 3b is externally fitted and fixed to the cylindrical rod members 522a and 522b of the light source lamp 522 by a band-shaped fastener so as not to cause liquid leakage, and each outer peripheral portion of the rubber seal films 593a and 593b is also fixed. In order not to cause liquid leakage, the upper and lower disc-shaped portions 575b and 575c are air-tightly connected to the outer periphery of the upper and lower disc-shaped portions 575b and 575c by a flange-shaped fixing tool and bolt means.

The whole of the drum-shaped photoelectrode material 575 is
The outer shape is also housed in a drum-shaped main body casing 583. The main body casing 583 also includes a cylindrical portion and a pair of disk-shaped portions connected to each other in the same manner as the drum-shaped photoelectrode material 575. Similarly, the disc-shaped portion and the cylindrical rod members 522a and 522b of the light source lamp 522 are connected via the rubber sealing films 594a and 594b using the same method as that of the drum-shaped photoelectrode material. ing. A short cylindrical support member extends downward from a lower disk-shaped portion 575c constituting the drum-shaped photoelectrode material 575, and the drum-shaped photoelectrode material 575 passes through the main body casing via the support member. 583. Upper rubber sealing films 593a, 594a
Is used, the diameter of which is sufficiently larger than that of the lower rubber seal films 593b and 594b. If these upper rubber seal films 593a and 594a are removed,
The light source lamp 522 can be moved in and out of the apparatus. Here, since the inner peripheral surface of the drum-shaped photoelectrode material 575 is made of a photosensitive electrode surface composed of a titanium oxide layer,
By receiving the light emitted from lamp 522,
The anode acts as an anode for taking away electrons from the others, and can oxidize water in contact with the anode.
On the other hand, the outer peripheral surface serves as a cathode for giving another electron by the action of the electron transfer based on the above-mentioned photosensitive electrode surface, and can reduce the water for contact with the cathode.

Then, as shown in FIG. 27-a, a conduit 577a for the photo-oxidized water is connected to the main body casing 583.
And a drum-shaped photoelectrode member 575 are provided so as to penetrate both cylindrical members, and a conduit 577b for water for photoreduction treatment is provided so as to penetrate only the cylindrical member of the main body casing 583. Have been. Therefore, the water to be treated introduced from the lower side of the paper surface contacts the inner peripheral surface of the drum-shaped photoelectrode material 575 serving as an anode, and
It flows well through the ring-shaped space sandwiched between the substrate 22 and the drum-shaped photoelectrode material 575, and is taken out from the upper end of the conduit 577a as photooxidized water 576. On the other hand, the water to be treated introduced from the right hand of the drawing sheet contacts the outer peripheral surface of the drum-shaped photoelectrode material 575 serving as a cathode, and
It flows through the ring-shaped space sandwiched between 83 and the drum-shaped photoelectrode material 575 to the left, and is taken out as the photoreduced water 532 from the left end of the conduit 577b. A part of the cylindrical portion 575a constituting the drum-shaped photoelectrode material 575 is replaced by an electrodialysis membrane 313. Here, a pair of small mesh-shaped electrode materials 113b and 113c and a mesh-shaped common electrode 113d are provided. Electrolytic tatami mat processing electrode pair 53
1, and by carrying out the same energization as described in the first embodiment, etc., in addition to the oxidation / reduction treatment by the optical semiconductor electrode material 575, if necessary. In addition, light / electrolysis superimposed treated water which has been subjected to a further level of oxidation / reduction treatment can be obtained. A mesh-shaped scale peeling cylindrical electrode 113a is provided along the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion of the main body casing 583, and the terminal 556 provided on the outer surface of the drum-shaped photoelectrode material 575 and the scale peeling electrode 575 are provided. Cylindrical electrode 113a
By applying a direct current during the period, the inverted potential power of the positive potential can be intermittently applied to the electrode surface of the optical semiconductor electrode material 512 from the outside for a predetermined period of time. Foreign matter adhered or generated on the electrode surface can be peeled off by energization. In the lamp light core irradiation type photoelectrode water treatment device shown in FIG. 27, the oxidation treatment water and the reduction treatment water can be individually taken out without being mixed.

<6> The double-sided light irradiation type water treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 28, which is divided into an optical semiconductor electrode material and an electrodialysis diaphragm material, is used in the water treatment part separation type light treatment apparatus shown in FIG. This can be said to be a modification of the electrode water treatment apparatus. The electromagnetic and electromagnetic wave water treatment device main body 550 of this water treatment device is separated from the photo-oxidized water treatment unit 515 by a water chamber partition plate 512.
It is partitioned into a photoreduced water treatment unit 516. A part of the water chamber partition plate 521 is composed of the optical semiconductor electrode material 512, and another part of the water chamber partition plate 521 is an electrodialysis diaphragm 313. The optical semiconductor electrode material 512 is
Photooxidized water treatment electrode surface 5 facing photooxidized water treatment unit 515 side
71, and a photoreduced water treatment electrode surface 555 facing the photoreduced water treatment unit 516 side. These two electrode surfaces are provided in the photooxidized water treatment unit 515 and the photoreduced water treatment unit 516, respectively. By receiving the lamp light beam 523 of the irradiation unit 541, water treatment by photo-oxidation treatment and water treatment by photo-reduction treatment can be separately performed. That is, as in the case of the water treatment unit-separated type photoelectrode water treatment device 520 described as the eighth embodiment, the photooxidized water treatment electrode surface 571 is a photosensitive electrode surface composed of a titanium oxide layer. The light emitted from the lamp 541 received from the lamp 522a through the light transmitting material 511a emits electrons, and the water 118 to be treated that has entered the photo-oxidized water processing unit 515 from the water inlet 116a is filled with the empty space formed by the emitted electrons. After being oxidized by the holes (positive charges), the water is discharged from the intermediate outlet 117a as photooxidized water 524, and enters the photoreduced water treatment unit 516 from the intermediate water inlet 116b through the water treatment water chamber communication pipe 576. . On the other hand, the photoreduced water treatment electrode surface 555 is a corrosion-resistant plating portion plated with platinum or a platinum group metal such as palladium or rhodium. The treated water 118 is subjected to a reduction treatment here by the reaction of the action of the photooxidized water treatment electrode surface 571 from the lamp beam source 522a, and finally, the light subjected to both the photo-oxidation treatment and the photo-reduction treatment. The water is discharged from the water outlet 117b as oxidized / reduced water 553.

In addition to the reduction mechanism by the reaction of the photooxidized water treatment electrode surface 571, the lamp 522b provided on the photoreduced water treatment section 516 also has its own photoreduced water treatment electrode surface 555 itself. Lamp beam 54 received from
By the action of 1, light energy is added to the water to be treated 118 by a special principle similar to the photosynthetic action (reaction) of a plant obtained by irradiating the water to be treated with different potentials with light in a continuous wavelength band, It realizes further bactericidal action and organic compound decomposing action. Further, the electromagnetic and electromagnetic wave water treatment device main body 55
0 is provided with a pair of electrode members 113. One of these electrode members 113 is disposed in the space within the photo-oxidized water treatment section 515, and the other is disposed in the space within the photo-reduced water treatment section 516 with the electrodialysis membrane member 313 interposed therebetween. Through these terminals 127, 127
It can be energized in between. By this energization, a photo-oxidized water treatment and a photo-reduction treatment by the photo-semiconductor electrode material 512 are applied, and a potential is applied to the photo-oxidized water treatment electrode surface 571 and the photo-reduced water treatment electrode surface 555 of the photo-semiconductor electrode material 512, and each electrode It plays a role in promoting reactions on the surface. The electrodialysis septum 313 is provided to allow the transfer of electrons and thereby add the potential. The energization process described above
In a normal case, electricity is supplied using the electrode on the side of the photo-oxidized water treatment section 515 as an anode and the electrode of the photo-reduced water treatment section 516 as a cathode.

Depending on the use of this device, the optical semiconductor electrode material 51
The operation of removing the dirt adhering to both surfaces of each of the two is performed by separately applying an inversion potential of the electrode potential during each water treatment at programmed time intervals. Among them, the photosensitive electrode surface 571
About the power supply unit (E1) for removing the adhered matter on the photosensitive electrode surface
The cathode portion of the photosensitive electrode 574 is connected to the photosensitive electrode terminal 572a, and the counter electrode 573 and the power supply portion (E
1) With the anode portion of 574 connected, a power switch (SW1) 575 for removing adhering matter from the surface of the photosensitive electrode is connected between the photosensitive electrode terminal 572a and the counter electrode 573 in reverse to the water treatment. The separation is caused by applying the applied potential. On the other hand, with respect to the photoreduction electrode surface 555, the counter electrode 579 and the power supply unit (E2) 57 for removing adhering matter from the photoreduction electrode surface are used.
8 is connected to the anode of the photoreduction electrode surface adhering substance removing power supply unit (E2) and the photosensitive electrode terminal 572b, and the power switch for removing the photosensitive electrode surface adhering matter is connected. (SW2) 578 via these photosensitive electrode terminals 5
Separation is caused by applying a potential opposite to that at the time of water treatment between 72b and the counter electrode 579. In this example, there is an advantage that electromagnetic wave light can be irradiated in the state of aqueous solutions having different oxidation-reduction potentials, and it can be used not only for water treatment but also for oxidation / reduction treatment of chemicals and chemical products. The present invention is also applicable to the production of hydrogen gas from an aqueous solution containing an organic substance. The lamp light can be replaced by sunlight. FIG. 28 shows an example in which the deposits on the optical semiconductor electrode surface are peeled off by applying an inversion potential of the electrode potential during the water treatment. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the forward potential in the case of (1) is superposed on the optical semiconductor electrode surface. Further, a far-infrared radiator material may be provided in the water chamber of the photo-oxidized water treatment section or the photo-reduced water treatment section to irradiate the water to be treated with far-infrared rays.

<7> The multiple light source irradiation type photoelectrode water treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 29 is regarded as a modified example in which a plurality of water treatment section separated type photoelectrode water treatment apparatuses shown in FIG. 12 are horizontally arranged. be able to. The space in the container portion 540 extending in the generally horizontal direction of the multiple light source irradiation type photoelectrode water treatment apparatus is formed by a water chamber partition plate 521 having a large area formed of the photo-semiconductor electrode material 512 by the photo-oxidized water. The treatment unit 515 and the photoreduced water treatment unit 516 are separated. A plurality of window-shaped light irradiators 541 made of a light transmitting material are arranged in parallel in the photooxidized water treatment unit water chamber 515.
One or both of the sunlight 514 and the lamp light incident on the inside of the container part 540 from No. 1 pass through the water to be treated in the photooxidized water treatment part water chamber 515, and
Irradiate 2. On the other hand, in the photoreduced water treatment section water chamber 516, an electrode material 113 is disposed so as to form an electrode pair with the optical semiconductor electrode 512, and the electrode pair is provided with an electrode terminal provided outside the container section 540. It is configured to be energized via the power supply 127. That is, by applying the current through the electrode terminal 127, the inverted potential power of the positive potential can be intermittently applied to the electrode surface of the optical semiconductor electrode material 512 from the outside for a predetermined period of time. The adhering foreign matter can be peeled off. A drain port 542 is provided below each of the photo-oxidized water treatment section 515 and the photo-reduced water treatment section 516 so that sludge and other deposits can be discharged to the outside of the system in a timely manner. In this embodiment, FIG.
28, the photo-oxidized water 524 and the photo-reduced water 525 can be separately taken out, as in the case of the water treatment unit-separated type photoelectrode water treatment apparatus of FIG. If water treatment with a larger treatment capacity is required,
Suitable when light water treatment with a large treatment depth is required.

<8> Electromagnetic and electromagnetic wave water treatment apparatuses separated by the optical semiconductor electrode material and the electrodialysis diaphragm material shown in FIG. 30 are also different from the water treatment unit separated type photoelectrode water treatment apparatus shown in FIG. Positioned as one. The container part 550 of the electromagnetic and electromagnetic wave water treatment device, which is divided by the optical semiconductor electrode material and the electrodialysis diaphragm material, is adjacent to the lower part of the photo-oxidizing water processing part water tank 551 and the photo-oxidizing water processing part water tank 551 opened to the atmosphere. It is separated into three vertically arranged spaces, a photoreduced water treatment container 516 and an electromagnetic oxidized water treatment unit 522 adjacent below the photoreduced water treatment container 516.
Photooxidized water treatment unit water tank 551 and photoreduced water treatment container unit 516
Is largely separated by a water chamber partition plate 521 composed of an optical semiconductor electrode material 512. The photoreduced water treatment container section 516 and the electromagnetic oxidized water treatment section 522 are
It is separated by a horizontally extending planar dialysis membrane material 313. The upper surface of the photo-semiconductor electrode material 512, that is, the surface facing the photo-oxidized water treatment unit water tank 551 side is a photosensitive electrode surface 512 composed of a titanium oxide layer, and the photo-oxidized water treatment unit water tank 551 is opened. It receives the solar ray 514 or the lamp ray entering from the upper surface and acts on it to emit electrons from the reduction electrode surface 555. The water to be treated 118 that has entered the photooxidized water treatment section 515 from the water inlet 116 is subjected to oxidation treatment by holes generated based on the emitted electrons, and is discharged from the water outlet 117a as photooxidized water 524. The photoreduced water processing unit 516 and the electromagnetic oxidized water processing unit 522 are supplied.

On the other hand, the lower surface of the photo-semiconductor electrode material 512 facing the photo-reduced water treatment section 516 is a reduction-treated electrode surface 555, which is provided with a corrosion-resistant plating section plated with platinum or a platinum group metal such as palladium or rhodium. Has become.
In the reduction electrode surface 555, the water to be treated 118 that has entered the photoreduction water treatment unit 516 from the water inlet 116b undergoes a reduction treatment due to the reaction of the upper surface of the photoelectrode material 512 received from sunlight or the like. Outlet 117b as photooxidized / reduced water 553 that has undergone both oxidation and reduction treatments
Is discharged from A photoreduction electrode terminal 556 is connected to the reduction electrode surface 555, and an electrode material 113 as a counter electrode of the reduction electrode surface 555 is provided in a space inside the electromagnetically oxidized water processing unit 522. ing. Therefore, by supplying electricity between the electrode terminals 128 and 127a provided outside the container 550, the photoreduced water treatment unit 5
The reduction treatment as a reaction of the action occurring on the upper surface of the photoelectrode material 512 in the photoelectrode material 512 can be assisted by an external power supply, and at the same time, the photooxidation water 524 sent to the space in the electromagnetic oxidation water treatment unit 522. Is again oxidized by an external power source, and is supplied to the outlet 117 as oxidized water 554.
c.

This embodiment is different from the embodiment shown in FIGS. 27 and 29 in that a photo-oxidation water treatment unit configured to open the upper surface of the supplied treated water to the atmosphere,
It is characterized in that the electrode oxidation treatment by applying electric power, the photoreduction treatment and the electrode reduction treatment by applying electric power can be performed separately. This embodiment has the advantages that the installation cost of the equipment is relatively small, the size can be easily increased by outdoor installation, and the light irradiation efficiency is good. However, a simple lid can be closed manually or automatically by a mechanical device so that foreign matter does not enter from the open part of the water treatment device during a time period during which nighttime sunlight irradiation is not possible. Further, via the electrode material 113 provided in the photoreduced water treatment container 516,
The configuration is such that a reversal potential power of a positive potential can be intermittently applied to the reduction processing electrode surface 555 of the optical semiconductor electrode material 512 for a predetermined period of time. It can be peeled off. As the power, the square wave power, the rectified wave power, or the solar electromotive wave power described in the first embodiment may be used. Also in this embodiment, it is possible to use lamp light irradiation instead of sunlight.

<9> The power generation and water reduction water treatment apparatus using the optical semiconductor electrode shown in FIG. 31 is also regarded as one of the modifications of the water treatment unit separated type photoelectrode water treatment apparatus shown in FIG. Can be. The apparatus for generating power and reducing water using the optical semiconductor electrode includes a container 590 having an inlet 116 and an outlet 117 of the water to be treated, and a large-area opening provided above the container 590. And a plate-shaped optical semiconductor electrode material 580 that seals the substrate. The optical semiconductor electrode material 580 is
Base material 56 made of titanium metal or other conductive material
1, the upper surface of the base material 561 is a photosensitive electrode surface 571 composed of a titania layer of titanium oxide, and the lower surface of the base material 561 is reduced water composed of a platinum base material plating portion 562. The processing electrode surface 555 is provided. The photosensitive electrode surface 571 is protected by a translucent material 511 for exterior use. On the other hand, the water to be treated passing through the photoreduced water treatment section 566 provided in the container section 590 can directly contact the reduced water treatment electrode surface 555. Further, the photosensitive electrode surface is provided with a storage battery 591 provided outside the container portion 590.
Of the storage battery 5 via a switch 592.
91 can be connected to the negative pole. Therefore, the photosensitive electrode surface of the optical semiconductor electrode material 580 is
The power generation energy generated based on the
0 can be stored in a storage battery 591 provided outside,
At the same time, the water to be treated supplied into the photoreduced water treatment section 566 from the inlet 116 is subjected to a reduction treatment by the reduction action generated on the reduced water treatment electrode surface 555, and is discharged from the outlet 117. When exfoliating scale or the like adhered to the reduced water treatment electrode surface 555, the changeover switch 592
The power of the power supply 112 provided outside the container 590 may be supplied to a circuit forming an electrode pair of the reduced water treatment electrode surface 555 and the electrode material 113 of the photoreduced water treatment unit 566. As this power, the square wave power or the solar electromotive wave power described in the first embodiment may be used.

<10> As shown in FIGS. 32 and 33,
An optical semiconductor water treatment apparatus having a channel for passing electrolyte solution is shown in FIG.
It is a modified example of the power generation and water reduction water treatment apparatus using one optical semiconductor electrode. The base portion 586 of the optical semiconductor electrode material 585 provided in the optical semiconductor water treatment apparatus having the water passage for the electrolyte solution is made of titanium metal or other conductive material by the same method as the optical semiconductor electrode material 570 described above. Electrode materials are made using conductive materials. The aforementioned optical semiconductor electrode material 580
As a feature not seen in the above, after the formation of a large number of water passage grooves 587 on the light receiving surface of the base material by cutting or etching (or it is possible to form a recess groove by building up by sputtering or the like), The titania layer is formed as the photosensitive electrode surface 571 continuously over both the uneven surfaces obtained by forming the water passage grooves 587. The base portion 586 has an inlet 589a communicating with the water groove 587.
And a water outlet 589b. A transparent conductive film material (sheet) 581 is disposed on the upper surface of the base portion 586 of the optical semiconductor electrode material in such a manner that the transparent conductive film material (sheet) 581 is sandwiched between the optical semiconductor electrode material 585 and a transparent material 511 such as a transparent glass sheet. As a result, the space formed by the water passage groove 587 is sealed by the transparent conductive film material 581, so that the electrolyte solution 588 and the like pass through the water passage groove 587 through the water inlet 589a and the water outlet 589b. ,
In addition, sealing can be realized. The potential of the pores generated by light irradiation on the light-sensitive electrode surface 571 made of the titania layer is transmitted to the electrolyte solution 588, further transmitted to the conductive film 581, and connected to a load (not shown) from the power generation terminal 582, and Is output as a power generation electromotive force. Transparent conductive film material (sheet) 58
A power generation terminal 582 extends from one location of the end surface of the first electrode 1, and a power generation terminal 556 extends from the center of the reduced water treatment electrode surface 555. The power generation electromotive force may be stored in the storage battery 591 via these terminals.

Note that, as the conductive film material 581, a transparent conductive glass sheet to which the power generation terminal 582 is connected can be used. In this case, the light transmitting material 511 is used.
Is no longer required. Further, the shape of the groove on the light receiving surface of the optical semiconductor electrode material 585 having the water passage for the electrolyte solution is desirably a zigzag meandering shape, a linear shape, and can be an L-shape. It can be applied to any shape such as a rectangle. Further, it is also possible to partially modify the electrode surface with a catalyst metal. The advantage of providing this groove is that since the surface area of the light receiving surface of the titania layer (photosensitive electrode layer) is larger than that of the flat surface, a large power generation efficiency can be obtained in a limited installation area or space. is there.
This transparent conductive film (sheet) is, for example, I
TO (Indium Tin Oxide) is dispersed and compounded in plastics material. Coloring and coating with dyes that promote absorption of sunlight and lamp light to optical semiconductor electrodes can be performed. is there. The above-described groove can be provided also on the light receiving surface of the optical semiconductor electrode 512. The most common use of the photosemiconductor water treatment apparatus having the water passage for the electrolyte solution is as follows. The water to be treated as the electrolyte solution is supplied to the water passage 587 covered by the photosensitive electrode surface 571. By supplying and draining water using the water supply port 589a and the water outlet 589b, the water to be treated is oxidized, and the power generation energy generated by the light-sensitive electrode surface of the optical semiconductor electrode material 580 based on the sunlight 514 is transferred to the outside of the container section 590. Can be stored in the storage battery 591 provided in the. However, when the electrolyte solution is held in the water groove 587 and there is no need for circulation with the outside, the water hole 589 is closed,
An electrolyte solution (or an organic solid electrolyte material) may be sealed and held. Alternatively, the entirety of the optical semiconductor water treatment apparatus having the water passage for the electrolyte solution may be replaced with the optical semiconductor electrode material 580 in the power generation and water reduction water treatment apparatus using the optical semiconductor electrode shown in FIG.
In the same manner as described above, a large-area opening of the container 590 (including the inlet 116 and the outlet 117 of the water to be treated) in FIG. 31 may be sealed. With such a configuration, the water to be treated passing through the container portion 590 is subjected to the reduction treatment by the reduced water treatment electrode surface 555, and at the same time, the water to be treated passing through the water passage groove 587 is reduced. May be oxidized.

<11> The combined solar water treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 34 has an inlet 116 and an outlet 11 for the water to be treated.
7 has a configuration in which a solar power generation panel 714 is combined with a container portion 710 provided with the same. The container part 710 is composed of a light-transmitting cylindrical partition wall 511, and a cylindrical photoelectrode material 512 is built therein so as to be immersed in the raw water 118. The sunlight 514 irradiating the container part 710 reaches the photoelectrode material 512 through the translucent cylindrical partition 511 and the water to be treated in the cylindrical partition 511. Photoelectrode material 5
The outer peripheral surface of 12 is a photosensitive electrode surface composed of a titanium oxide layer, similarly to the photoelectrode material of the eighth embodiment.
In order to effectively use the irradiation light, a light beam reflecting plate 513 is provided on the north side of the container 710 or the like. Sunlight 5
The photoelectrode material 512 irradiated with 14 emits electrons, and the to-be-processed water 118 that has entered through the water inlet 116 is subjected to oxidation treatment by pores generated based on the emitted electrons, and is sterilized. In the space between the cylindrical partition wall 511 and the cylindrical photoelectrode member 512 in the container part 710, the far-infrared radiator 712 and tourmaline (tourmaline) 713 are charged to a predetermined level. . The far-infrared radiating material 712 or tourmaline (tourmaline) 713 is irradiated with sunlight 514 to generate a weak electromagnetic wave having a radiation wavelength of 2.5 to 12 nm. And apply a far-infrared ray to the water to be treated.
2 Helps sterilization.

The electrode pair 113 is housed in the cylindrical photoelectrode material 512, and the electric power obtained from the separately provided solar power generation panel 714 is used for the above-described light irradiation processing and fold-over. And can be applied. A large number of photovoltaic element materials 715 are attached to the upper surface of the photovoltaic panel 714, and the photovoltaic panel output terminals 716 are attached to the lower surface. In the photovoltaic power generation panel 714, the sunlight 514 applied to the photovoltaic power generation element material 715 is converted into electric power energy here, taken out from the photovoltaic power generation panel output terminal 716,
The power is temporarily stored in the power storage / power supply unit 717 via the power input terminal 718. The stored power energy is supplied from the power output terminal 719 to the electrode pair 113 in the cylindrical photoelectrode material 512 as necessary, so that desired applied power can be supplied to the raw water 118 for treatment. . The water to be treated received from the water inlet 116 enters the opening at the upper end of the photoelectrode material 512 downward, and the electrode pair 1
13, the cylindrical photoelectrode material 512 is provided with a short-circuit restricting means (this embodiment) for restricting the water to be treated from being discharged from the water outlet without being subjected to the electric treatment by the electric electrode. It can be said that it also serves as a weir shape. Thus, the water to be treated which has been oxidized by the electrons emitted from the photo-semiconductor electrode material 512, the action of the weak electromagnetic wave by the far-infrared radiator 712 or tourmaline (tourmaline) 713, and the action by the power applied to the electrode pair 113 is ,
Outlet 117 as combined sunlight / applied power treated water 711
Is discharged from The sunlight 514 is directly transmitted to the translucent material 511 and from the translucent material 511 via the light-reflecting plate 513, the treated raw water 118 in the water treatment apparatus main body 710, the far-infrared radiating material 712, tourmaline (electric stone) 713, Irradiation is performed on the photo-semiconductor electrode material 512 and the like, and plays a large role such as replenishment of energy for ionizing water and irradiation of ultraviolet rays having a bactericidal action. According to this example, it can be applied to water treatment in an area where supply of commercial power is difficult.

<12> The hollow fiber type filter having an electrode pair shown in FIG. 35-a has a container section 940 provided with a treated raw water supply port 116 and a treated water discharge port 117. Inside the container part 940, the hollow fiber filtration element 941 shown in FIG. 35-b is provided with the first and second support disks 942a and 942a.
It is supported in a state of being bundled in a cylindrical shape via 942b. The inside of the container part 940 includes a second support plate 94 located between the treated raw water supply port 116 and the treated water discharge port 117.
2b and the sealing material 936 divide the interior into the left and right sides, and these left and right spaces communicate with each other only through the open end 941b of the hollow fiber filtration element 941.
Therefore, the container section 94 is supplied through the treated raw water supply port 116.
The water to be treated supplied into the inside of the hollow fiber passes through the side wall of the hollow fiber filtration element 941 facing the inside space on the right side from outside (where the filtration action of the hollow fiber filtration element 941 functions). The water reaches the hollow portion of the yarn filtration element 941 and is discharged as filtered and clear water 921 from the treated water discharge port 117 via the open end 941b and the left internal space. On the other hand, when the supply amount of the water to be treated into the container portion 940 exceeds the filtration capacity of the hollow fiber filtration element 941, the water to be treated that cannot be completely filtered by the hollow fiber filtration element 941 is stored in the container portion 940. Water outlet 9 formed between the first and second support plates 942a and 942b
It is discharged from 49.

A hollow fiber tow filter material 94 bundled in a cylindrical shape
In the central cavity of No. 3, a core pipe 944 is also the first pipe.
In addition, a cylindrical electrode 113 b is provided along the outer periphery of the core pipe 944. In addition, this electrode 11
3b and the cylindrical mesh electrode 113a (or
The container 940 may be used as a counter electrode) is disposed along the outer periphery of the hollow fiber tow filter material 943. That is, these electrodes 113a and 113b are
43 are sandwiched therebetween. These electrodes 113a and 113b are connected to an electrode terminal mounting board 126 that closes the left end side of the container portion 940 and the terminal plug 12 made of an insulator.
8 and are connected to the electrode terminals 127, 127 installed via lead wires. Therefore, the electrode terminals 127, 1
A structure capable of sterilizing microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi generated in the outer wall, the inner wall, and the fine through-holes of the hollow fiber tow filter material 943 by the action of the electromagnetic force by applying electricity to the electrodes 113a and 113b from the outside via 27. It has become.

The center pipe 944 is made up of the first and second pipes.
By fixing the support disks 942a and 942b, the function of indirectly maintaining the posture of the hollow fiber tow filter medium 943 with respect to the first and second support disks 942a and 942b and the function of supporting the electrode 113b are achieved. Further, a cleaning air supply port 945 is provided in the container section 940, and by supplying compressed air for cleaning into the container section 940, dirt adhering to the hollow fiber tow filter material 943 is usually removed. Can be back-washed by a fluid flowing in the opposite direction to the water to be treated at the time of the filtration operation. The backwashed dirt, together with the supplied compressed air, passes through a plurality of water holes 935 formed in the first support plate 942a, and passes through a cleaning air discharge port 946 provided at the right end of the container 940. Is discharged. In addition, the container portion 940 is provided with a cleaning liquid supply port 947 and a cleaning liquid discharge port 948, and by circulating and cleaning the cleaning liquid using these, a stain adhering to the hollow fiber tow filter material 943 can be eliminated. That is, in the hollow fiber type filter having the electrode pair according to the present embodiment, microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, and molds generated in the hollow fiber tow filter material 943 are sterilized by the electromagnetic action based on the energization of the electrodes 113a and 113b. In addition, the colonies of sterilized microorganisms can be discharged out of the filter along with other dirt attached to the hollow fiber tow filter media 943.

<13> The electric water heater shown in FIG.
This is positioned as a modification of the first embodiment. This electric water heater includes an electric water heater main body 140 and a cylindrical electrolytic water treatment device 110. Electric water heater body 140
Is composed of a hot water container 141 and a heat source device 142, and a heat source device 14
The pair of electrodes 113c and 113d are provided so as to face the second pair. In addition, a safety valve 1 is provided at the upper end of the hot water storage container 141.
43 are provided. Cylindrical electrolytic water treatment device 110
Is a vertically extending container portion having a supply port 116 and an outlet 117 for treated raw water 118, and an electrode pair 113 (mesh cylindrical electrode 113a and rod-shaped 11
3b), and an applied power supply unit 112 attached to the outside of the container for applying power between these electrode pairs. The feed water 118 that has been subjected to the electrolytic water treatment in the cylindrical electrolytic water treatment apparatus 110 is supplied to the hot water storage container section 141 of the electric water heater main body 140 via a conduit, where it is heated by the heat source device section 142 and again. Electrolyzed water treatment is performed by the electrode pairs 113c and 113d, and is taken out from the container portion as the electrolytically treated water 145 and used. Note that a pressure reducing valve 144 is provided in the middle of the conduit. Electrode pair 113a, 113b and electrode pair 113
A voltage of about 1 to 115 V is applied to c and 113d,
Apply square wave power with a frequency of 50 Hz to 300 KHz,
Alternatively, a rectified wave power of a sine wave alternating current of 50 Hz or 60 Hz can be applied, whereby the electrolytic treatment is more effectively performed. Electric water heater main body 140 may be a hot water storage tank of a water heater using oil, gas, or the like as fuel. By this electrolytic water treatment, there is an advantage that the slime and the corrosion obstacle of the pressure reducing valve 144 and the corrosion obstacle of the hot water storage container section 141 and the piping material are eliminated. The processing apparatus of the first embodiment can be attached to a general water stopcock or a mixing water stop. Further, as shown in FIG. 36-b, a new water chamber 211 provided with an electrodialysis diaphragm 313, an additional electrode 113c, and a drain valve 147 in the body of the cylindrical electrolytic water treatment apparatus 110.
And the quality of the water to be treated can be adjusted (for example, made alkaline).

<14> FIG. 37 shows a cooling water quality management system according to the present invention. In addition to a cooling tower 1505 for cooling, which is the first purpose of the system, the electrodialysis diaphragm 3 shown in FIG.
An electrodialysis-type electrolyzed water treatment apparatus 1509 similar to the compartment-separated-type electrolyzed water treatment apparatus is connected.
05 and the electrodialysis type electrolyzed water treatment apparatus 1509, the conductivity of the circulating water is increased to increase the electrodialysis type electrolysis water treatment apparatus 150.
In order to maintain the effect of the process 9, a salt-dissolved water injection device 1500 is provided. At the left and right ends inside the electrodialysis type electrolyzed water treatment apparatus 1509 as a container for storing the water to be treated, a metal mesh plate for killing bacteria and other microorganisms in the circulated cooling water by an electric current treatment is provided. Electrode pairs 113, 113 are provided vertically and electrically insulated from the container of the electrodialysis type electrolyzed water treatment apparatus 1509. The inside of the electrodialysis type electrolyzed water treatment apparatus 1509 is, like the apparatus of the seventh embodiment, provided with two electrodialysis diaphragms 31 spaced apart from each other.
3,313 water chambers 311 arranged sideways
It is divided into 312 and 411. In FIG. 11, the leftmost water chamber is the electrolytic oxidizing water treatment container 311, the rightmost water chamber is the electrolytic reduction water treatment container 312, and the center is a water passage container 411. Electrode pairs 113, 113
Is disposed in each of the electrolytic oxidizing water treatment container section 311 and the electrolytic reduction water treatment container section 312 in parallel to the water flow, and is connected to the applied power supply device section 112 by wiring to receive power supply. It is configured to be energized with water. A specific potential difference is provided between three water chambers, namely, the electrolytic oxidizing water treatment container 311, the water passage container 411, and the electrolytic reduction water treatment container 312. That is, in consideration of the electric resistance and the ion concentration gradient of the electrodialysis diaphragm 313, the electrolytic oxidized water treatment container 311 has a higher potential than the water passage container 411, and the water passage container 411 has the electrolytic reduced water treatment. The electric potential is set so that the electric potential is higher than that of the container part 312, and a potential difference gradient is applied to apply electric power. This application is performed by applying a voltage of about 1 to 115 V between the electrodes, and applying a frequency of 50H.
z-300 kHz square wave power or sine wave AC full-wave rectified wave power, or solar electromotive wave power, or
A frequency of 50 Hz by applying a voltage of about 0.1 to 10 KV
What is necessary is just to apply the impulse wave power of 100 kHz.
More specifically, a plus (+) potential power is applied to the electrolytic oxidizing water treatment container section 311 and a minus (−) potential power of the inversion potential is applied to the electrolytic reduction water treating section 312.・ Central water container 41 for reduction treatment
1 has a site that is maintained at substantially zero potential.

The cations and anions contained in the circulating water 412 supplied from the refrigerator 1508 to the water passage container 411 through the inlet 411a respectively pass through the electrodialysis diaphragm 313 and are treated with electrolytic oxidized water. The circulating water 412 returning to the cooling tower 1505 from the outlet 411b of the water passage container 411 in order to move (dialyze) to the container 311 and the electrolytic reduction water treatment container 312 becomes diluted with each ion component. It is in a state of being left. Therefore, Ca (2+) ion, Mg
Compounds based on (2+) ions or ionic components such as SiO 2 (−) are prevented from accumulating as scale on each member of the cooling tower 1505 or on the inner surface of the heat transfer tube of the refrigerator. On the other hand, in the electrolytic oxidized water treatment
An acidic electrolytic oxidation water 316 containing anion (−) ions such as 2 (−), Cl (−), and SO4 (2-) is obtained, and Ca (2+) ions and M
Alkaline electrolytic reduction water 317 containing cations such as g (2+) ions is obtained. The electrolytically oxidized water 316 and the electrolytically reduced water 317 are combined with the electrolytic discharge liquid short-circuit prevention porous tube 15 formed of a cylinder made of vinyl chloride or the like.
The water is discharged out of each of the containers 311 and 312 through the outlet 10, is neutralized by being integrated in the neutralization tank 1514, and is discharged to the drain 1511. A large number of small holes for outflow are uniformly distributed at regular intervals on each outward-facing tube wall of the electrolytic discharge liquid short circuit prevention porous tube 1510. Since the discharge to the outside of the bases 311 and 312 is limited to the path through the small holes for outflow, as a result, the water to be treated that has passed through the electrodialysis membrane 313 does not pass near the electrode 113, in other words, Without being sufficiently subjected to the energization processing in the apparatus, it is prevented from flowing out of each of the outlets 311a and 312a through a short-circuit path. Further, as described above, the outflow holes are formed only on the outer wall of the electrolytic discharge liquid short circuit prevention porous tube 1510. It flows out from outlets 311a and 312a.

The effect of killing bacteria, yeasts, viruses, etc. through energization from the electrode pairs 113, 113 is the same as in the third embodiment and the like. Here, as the electrodialysis diaphragm 313, a plain woven cloth made of polyester having a pore diameter of 50 μm on average, a thickness of 20 μm on average, an electric resistivity of 2 ohm cm, and an opening ratio of 90% on average was adopted. Other materials listed as candidates in the seventh embodiment can also be used. In addition, each outwardly facing surface of the electrodialysis membrane 313 is formed of a mesh-shaped, round-hole punched or grid-shaped water-permeable resin in order to suppress elongation or deformation of the electrodialysis membrane 313 due to the pressing force of the water to be treated. Supported by sheet 330. These electrodialysis diaphragms 3
The member 13 and the resin sheet 330 may be sandwiched by the flange 332 at the same time.

In a water treatment apparatus using an energizing operation, the conductivity of the water to be treated is, for example, 10 mS / m (100 μS / c).
m), a voltage exceeding 100 V is required to secure a current amount of 3 A or more as obtained in the above-mentioned second sterilization test, and the water treatment apparatus including the energizing device can be easily operated. It becomes difficult. Further, since the power consumption increases, the economic efficiency also decreases. In order to solve such a problem, in the cooling water quality management system of the present embodiment, a salt dissolved water injection device 1500 is provided. Suitable salts include sodium bicarbonate (sodium bicarbonate: N) because they have little effect on water quality, such as pH, and have little corrosive effect on metals used in each device constituting the system.
aHCO3) or neutral sodium sulfate (neutral sodium sulfate: N
a2SO4). Baking soda and neutral sodium sulfate are usually in the form of crystalline white powder and are commercially available in paper bags and the like. The salts used are not limited to baking soda and neutral sodium sulfate, as long as they satisfy the above requirements. For example, sodium chloride also has the effect of increasing the conductivity through the use of addition, but if the concentration of chloride ions in water becomes too high, corrosion of metal parts used in the circulation path can be affected or trihalomethane can be generated It is not preferable in that the property is increased.

The determination of the amount of the added salt is achieved by comparing the measurement result of the conductivity of the water to be treated by the addition with an appropriate predetermined conductivity. Of course, these salts can be manually poured into the device in the circulation path, but once dissolved in water in an appropriate container, a predetermined amount is manually or using an injection device. What is necessary is just to inject and add. However, in the embodiment shown in FIG.
The salt injection device 1500 includes a tank 1502 for storing an aqueous solution of salt, an injection pump 1501, and a tank 15.
The cooling system includes a mixer 1503 for uniformly stirring the aqueous salt solution in the tank 02 and an injection hose 1504 for supplying the aqueous salt solution from the tank 1502 to the cooling tower storage tank 1505b of the cooling tower 1505. The addition of the aqueous solution from the injection hose 1504 may be performed at a location other than the above. A conductivity sensor 1506 connected to the applied power supply device 112 is immersed in water in the cooling tower water storage tank 1505b.
To ensure that the conductivity of the circulating water falls within the prescribed set management standards,
In accordance with the measurement result of the conductivity of the makeup water 1512 by the conductivity sensor 1506 or the conductivity of the water circulating in the system, the aqueous salt solution in the tank 1502 is added from the injection hose 1504. Cooling tower water storage tank 1505
On the downstream side of b, a circulation pump 1507 for sending the water to be treated whose conductivity has been adjusted to the refrigerator 1508 is provided. Part of the circulating water exits the system as overflow wastewater 1513 from the cooling tower 1505 and as wastewater from the electrodialysis type electrolyzed water treatment device 1509.
The wastewater from the electrodialysis type electrolyzed water treatment apparatus 1509 is separately discharged as electrolytically oxidized water 316 indicating acidic and electrolytically reduced water 317 indicating alkaline, and these are combined to form a neutralization tank 1514. And is drained to a drain 1511.

Further, the far-infrared radiating material 71 is provided in the upper watering tank of the cooling tower 1505 in order to enhance the water treatment effect.
2 is soaked in the condensate of the circulating water. still,
The dissolved components obtained in the circulating water by the addition of salts,
Usually, it takes the form of ions, so the conductivity of the circulating water is determined according to the increase or decrease of the concentration.In this circulating system, the conductivity of the water to be treated is increased by the addition of the above salts, With the accumulation of the operation time of the cooling tower 1505, which draws heat from the circulating water to use as cooling water by utilizing the latent heat of evaporation of water, the concentration of dissolved components in the water based on the evaporation of the circulating water tends to further increase. . That is, considering the actual operation of the cooling water quality management system, at the time of the initial startup, the conductivity of the circulating water depends on the conductivity of the replenished water.
Depending on the (conductivity), it is sufficient to add enough salts to compensate for the insufficient conductivity. Next, when the operation is continued, on the other hand, in order to replenish a part of the circulating water described above and to supply a corresponding amount of fresh water to be treated (generally having insufficient conductivity). In the meantime, the salts of the circulating water have a function of lowering the conductivity by being diluted, while the evaporation of water from the cooling tower 1505 or the like has a function of increasing the salt concentration in the circulating water, so that the balance is sometimes balanced. And reach a state where the addition of salts becomes unnecessary. As a practical matter, in terms of the influence on the salt concentration, it is common to control the water quality so that the thinning action by make-up water exceeds the concentrating action by evaporation. If the salt is continuously added at predetermined time intervals or by an automatic control operation based on the conductivity set value, the necessary and sufficient conductivity (salt concentration) is maintained without excessive concentration of scale components in the circulating water. .

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing a cylindrical water treatment apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing a modified example used for a sterilization test in the cylindrical water treatment apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of a first sterilization test.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of a second sterilization test.

FIG. 5 is a side view schematically showing a thickener-type electrolytic water treatment apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a plan view corresponding to the thickener-type electrolyzed water treatment apparatus of FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is a side view schematically showing a scum floatation water tank type electrolyzed water treatment apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a side view schematically showing a sprinkling panel type electrolyzed water treatment apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a side view schematically showing a sprinkling panel type electrolyzed water treatment apparatus with a heat exchanger according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a side view schematically showing an electrolyzed water treatment apparatus having a mixing section as a gas-liquid contact section according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a side view schematically showing a three-chamber electrodialysis membrane separation type electrolyzed water treatment apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a side view schematically showing a water treatment unit separated type photoelectrode water treatment apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view more specifically showing the structure of an optical semiconductor electrode used in the device of FIG.

FIG. 14 is a side view schematically showing the configuration of a partially modified energizing electrode material according to the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a graph showing the effect of the content of anatase type titanium dioxide and the presence or absence of projections of different metals on the residual ratio of formaldehyde in the surface of the photosemiconductor electrode material of the apparatus of FIG.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view schematically showing an electrolyzed water treatment apparatus with a photovoltaic panel according to the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a side view schematically showing a combined electromagnetic and electromagnetic wave type water treatment apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a schematic view showing a cylindrical filter having a filter element between an electrode pair according to the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a side view schematically showing an electrolytic water treatment apparatus provided with a soluble metal electrode material according to the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a side view schematically showing a filter using a water treatment container as one electrode material according to the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of an electrolytically treated ice slurry heat storage system according to the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of an information processing system based on a wireless information terminal and a public telephone line communication system according to the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a side view schematically showing an electrolytic water treatment cyclone device with a filter according to the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a side view schematically showing an electrolytic water treatment apparatus with an ejector for a water tank according to the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a side view schematically showing an exhaust gas electrolyzed water treatment apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a side view schematically showing a photoelectrode water treatment apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 27 is a side view showing a modified example of the separated water treatment unit type photoelectrode water treatment apparatus of FIG. 26;

FIG. 28 is a side view schematically showing a double-sided light irradiation type water treatment apparatus for an oxidized and reduced water treatment section divided by an optical semiconductor electrode material and an electrodialysis diaphragm material according to the present invention.

FIG. 29 is a perspective view schematically showing a multiple light source irradiation type photoelectrode water treatment apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a side view schematically showing a combined electromagnetic and electromagnetic wave water treatment apparatus divided by an optical semiconductor electrode material and an electrodialysis diaphragm material according to the present invention.

FIG. 31 is a side view schematically showing a power generation using an optical semiconductor electrode and a reduced water treatment apparatus for water according to the present invention.

FIG. 32 is a perspective view of an optical semiconductor water treatment apparatus according to the present invention, which has a water passage for an electrolyte solution in an electrode portion.

FIG. 33 is a sectional view of a main part of FIG. 31;

FIG. 34 is a schematic diagram of an electrolyzed water treatment apparatus combined with sunlight according to the present invention.

FIG. 35 is a schematic view of a hollow fiber filter having an electrode pair according to the present invention.

FIG. 36 is a side view schematically showing an electrolyzed water treatment type electric water heater according to the present invention.

FIG. 37 is a schematic diagram of a cooling water quality management system including an electrodialysis type electrolyzed water treatment device and a salt-dissolved water injection device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 111 Container part 112 Applied power supply part 113 Electrode 116 Water inlet 117 Water outlet 118 Treated raw water 119 Electrolyzed water

Claims (25)

[Claims] 1. A water passage means having a water inlet for receiving the water to be treated therein, and a water outlet for discharging the water once received therein to the outside, and the inside of the water passage means. And a voltage / current waveform is a square wave, or a DC power of an impulse wave, or a DC power of a full wave or a half wave obtained by rectifying a sine wave AC. Or a water treatment apparatus provided with a means for supplying a DC power of a solar electromotive wave or a pure DC power to the water to be treated stored in the water passing means via the electrode. 2. A square wave power having a frequency of more than 50 Hz and 300 KHz or less, or a frequency of 5
The water according to claim 1, wherein a mechanism is provided for killing microorganisms in the water to be treated by impulse wave power of more than 0 Hz and 100 KHz or less, or sine wave AC rectified wave power having a frequency of 50 Hz or more and 300 KHz or less. Processing equipment. 3. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pair of electrodes is made of an electrode material obtained by plating a conductive substrate with a platinum group metal element. 4. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the plating portion made of the platinum group metal element is provided with a partially modified portion made of an oxide of a group VIII metal element. 5. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a foreign matter capturing means for separating and capturing foreign matter contained in the water to be treated is provided in the water passing means. 6. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the foreign matter capturing means includes a filtration layer for capturing foreign matter, and an ejector for sucking the water to be treated through the filtration layer. 7. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said foreign matter capturing means is a filter medium disposed between said pair of electrodes. 8. The water passing means has a gas-liquid contact portion for forcibly bringing the water to be treated therein into contact with a gas,
2. The electrode is capable of conducting electricity to the water to be treated entrained by the gas by the gas-liquid contact part.
A water treatment apparatus according to item 1. 9. A water spray panel comprising: a water spray mechanism for spraying water to be treated; and a large number of water receiving members capable of receiving the water to be treated falling from the water spray mechanism and increasing the surface area thereof. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the electrodes are provided on both sides of the water spray panel. 10. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 8, wherein a heat exchanger is interposed in the gas-liquid contact portion. 11. The gas-liquid contact portion includes a gas introduction pipe for blowing gas into the water passage means, and is further provided on a cone portion facing the gas introduction tube and on a downstream side of the cone portion. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a vane mixing section having a deflecting blade, and the electrode disposed downstream of the vane mixing section. 12. The gas-liquid contact section is means for supplying ice nucleus gas into the energized water to be treated, and further supercools the water to be treated containing the ice nucleus gas once, The water treatment apparatus according to claim 8 or 11, further comprising a mechanism for forming ice slurry water by releasing supercooling. 13. The water flowing means has an electric resistivity of 0.1.
2. The container according to claim 1, wherein the container is provided with a plurality of spaces separated and formed by a hydrophilic membrane of about 20.0 ohm (Ω) · cm, and each of the electrodes is provided in the space different from each other. Water treatment equipment. 14. One of the pair of electrodes is an optical semiconductor electrode arranged so as to be able to receive light, and the other of the pair of electrodes is the square wave, or the impulse wave, or
The water treatment according to claim 1, wherein the water treatment functions as an electrode capable of peeling off a substance attached to the optical semiconductor electrode from the optical semiconductor electrode by the rectified wave, the solar electromotive wave, or pure DC power. apparatus. 15. The photo-semiconductor electrode is made of a conductive substrate, and one surface of the conductive substrate contains at least 5 wt. %, And the other surface is plated with a platinum group metal element, so that the optical semiconductor electrode is provided with an oxidation electrode surface and a reduction electrode surface in parallel. Item 1
5. The water treatment apparatus according to 4. 16. A partially modified portion made of an oxide of a Group VIII metal element is provided on the other surface of the optical semiconductor electrode plated with a platinum group metal element. 16. The water treatment apparatus according to 15. 17. The water according to claim 15, wherein the titania layer of the optical semiconductor electrode is provided with an electrode surface containing a metal ion of a metal selected from Group V and / or Group VI. Processing equipment. 18. The water passage means comprises a container capable of storing the water to be treated, the container having an outer surface capable of receiving light and an inner surface capable of exchanging heat with the water to be treated in the container. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a photovoltaic element. 19. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a far-infrared radiating material is provided so as to be immersed in the water to be treated in the water passage means and to be able to receive light. 20. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an auxiliary electrode formed of a soluble metal is provided separately from the pair of electrodes. 21. The water passing means is a container having a conductive inner surface and capable of storing water to be treated, and the conductive inner surface of the container constitutes one of the pair of electrodes.
A water treatment apparatus according to item 1. 22. A short-circuit restricting means for restricting the water to be treated from being discharged from the water outlet without being subjected to an energizing treatment by an electric electrode, is provided in the water flowing means. The water treatment device according to any one of the above. 23. The water according to claim 1, further comprising means for adding a conductivity modifier capable of increasing the conductivity of the water to be treated to the water to be treated. Processing equipment. 24. The type of applied power in the energizing operation performed on the water to be treated via the pair of electrodes,
The control device according to any one of claims 1 to 23, further comprising: a control device capable of changing an energizing duration, a polarity reversal interval between the electrodes, a voltage height, or a current amount according to a preset program. A water treatment apparatus according to item 1. 25. A measuring device for judging the quality of the water to be treated, a computer for controlling the energizing operation based on a result of the water quality judgment by the measuring device, and data on the water quality obtained by the measuring device being transmitted by public telephone. The water treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 24, further comprising: a communication system that transfers the data to the computer via a line.