JP2000014254A - Ecological coating material for agriculture - Google Patents
Ecological coating material for agricultureInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000014254A JP2000014254A JP10207253A JP20725398A JP2000014254A JP 2000014254 A JP2000014254 A JP 2000014254A JP 10207253 A JP10207253 A JP 10207253A JP 20725398 A JP20725398 A JP 20725398A JP 2000014254 A JP2000014254 A JP 2000014254A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- film
- thin film
- natural environment
- covering material
- present
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Landscapes
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Greenhouses (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、主として田圃や畑
等の農地での植栽において、土の被覆に用いるマルチン
グフイルムとして使用すれば特に有益なエコロジカル農
業用被覆材に係るものであり、その他、トンネルハウ
ス、温室ハウス等の農業用ハウスにも使用すれば有益な
エコロジカル農業用被覆材に係るものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a covering material for ecological agriculture which is particularly useful when used as a mulching film for covering soil, mainly in planting on farmland such as rice fields and fields. In addition, the present invention relates to an ecological agricultural covering material that is useful when used in agricultural houses such as tunnel houses and greenhouses.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】古くから植栽物根元付近に麦藁や稲藁等
を敷設して周辺の大気の温湿度や、土の温湿度の調整が
行われている。最近では、麦藁や稲藁等にかえて、ポリ
塩化ビニルフイルム、ポリエチレンフイルム、ポリエス
テルフイルムなどの通常のプラスチックフイルムからな
るロール状のマルチングフイルムが使用されている。こ
のマルチングフイルムは、マルチャーと呼ばれる機械で
の敷設もできる。2. Description of the Related Art For a long time, wheat straw, rice straw and the like have been laid near the root of a plant to adjust the temperature and humidity of the surrounding air and the temperature and humidity of the soil. Recently, a roll-shaped mulching film made of a usual plastic film such as a polyvinyl chloride film, a polyethylene film, or a polyester film has been used in place of wheat straw, rice straw and the like. This mulching film can be laid by a machine called a mulcher.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、従来の
マルチングフイルムは極めて堅牢であるから、マルチン
グの必要な期間に比較して著しく長い寿命を有してい
る。そのため、マルチングフイルムの処分が必要である
が、その処分は大変であり多大の手間や経費がかかり、
燃焼させると有毒ガスを出したりする。また、処分に困
って放置すると長期間にわたり元のフイルム形状を保持
するので農地の利用を著しく阻害する。そこで、近年、
腐食や分解がし難いプラスチック材料の放置や自家処分
に関する規制が厳しくなりつつある。本発明は、上記の
欠点を除去し、マルチングフイルムとして使用すれば特
に最適であるとともに各種の農業用ハウスにも使用で
き、かつ、使用後の処分が容易で農地等の環境への有害
性も極力低減することができるエコロジカル農業用被覆
材を提供するものである。However, since the conventional mulching film is extremely robust, it has an extremely long life as compared with the period required for mulching. Therefore, it is necessary to dispose of the mulching film, but the disposal is tedious and takes a lot of time and money.
It emits toxic gas when burned. Also, if left undisturbed for disposal, the original film shape is maintained for a long period of time, which significantly impairs the use of farmland. So, in recent years,
Regulations on leaving plastic materials that are difficult to corrode or decompose or disposing of plastic materials are becoming stricter. The present invention eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks, is particularly suitable for use as a mulching film, and can be used for various agricultural houses, and is easy to dispose of after use, and is harmful to the environment such as farmland. An object of the present invention is to provide an ecological agricultural covering material that can be reduced as much as possible.
【０００４】すなわち、本発明は、自然環境下で分解し
易いプラスチックフイルム材料からなる易分解性フイル
ムを基材とし、該基材の表面に金属薄膜、金属酸化物薄
膜又は金属硫化物薄膜を単独であるいは積層して形成し
た易分解性薄膜形成フイルムと、木材パルプや古紙、ケ
ナフ等の非木材パルプ等の自然環境下で分解し易い材質
からなる紙を、自然環境下で分解し易い接着剤又は粘着
剤で貼り合わせてなることを特徴とする、エコロジカル
農業用被覆材である。本明細書において自然環境下と
は、大気中、土中、水中等の自然環境下のことである。That is, the present invention is based on an easily decomposable film made of a plastic film material which is easily decomposed in a natural environment, and a metal thin film, a metal oxide thin film or a metal sulfide thin film is solely formed on the surface of the base material. Adhesive that easily decomposes in the natural environment, such as easily decomposable thin film forming film formed by lamination or lamination, and non-wood pulp such as wood pulp, waste paper, kenaf, etc. Alternatively, it is an ecological agricultural covering material characterized by being bonded with an adhesive. In this specification, the natural environment refers to a natural environment such as the air, the soil, and the water.
【０００５】本発明における基材である易分解性フイル
ムは、自然環境下で分解し易いフイルムであり、自然環
境下で大体１月〜３年以内にフイルム形状が元の形状を
失い細分化して消滅するものである。易分解性フイルム
は、本発明を土の被覆に用いた際に、あるいは使用後の
処分の際に、微生物によって分解したり、雨や土の湿気
等の水分によって溶解したり、光によって分解したり、
あるいはそれらの相乗作用により分解したりして消滅す
るものである。The easily decomposable film as the base material in the present invention is a film which is easily decomposed in a natural environment, and loses its original shape within about one to three years under the natural environment, and becomes fragmented. It will disappear. The easily degradable film may be decomposed by microorganisms, dissolved by moisture such as rain or soil moisture, or decomposed by light when the present invention is used for covering soil or at the time of disposal after use. Or
Alternatively, they are decomposed or eliminated by their synergistic action.
【０００６】本発明における易分解性フイルムは、微生
物分解性又は生分解性、崩壊性等のフイルム又はシート
は勿論含むものであるが、それにとどまらず、光（主と
して太陽光）で分解し易いフイルム又はシート、及び光
と微生物によって分解し易いフイルム又はシートも含
む。生分解性フイルムとしては一般的には、マタービ
ー、ノボン、エコウェアー、ドロンＣＣ、トリグリコー
ルＡ、バイオポール、バクテリアセルロース、プルラ
ン、ビオノーレ、ラクティ、レイシア、ＴＯＮＥ、ポリ
グルタミン酸、ルナーレ、ラクトロン等の商品名で市販
されている樹脂やフイルム材を主要材質又は一部材質と
してフイルム化あるいはシート化した素材が挙げられ
る。また、他の分解し易いフイルムとしては、ポリビニ
ルアルコール、ポリアクリルアマイド、カルボキシメチ
ルセルロース、ポリエチレンイミン、水溶性アクリレー
ト、メチルセルロース、ポリアクリル酸ソーダ、ポエチ
レンオキシド、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキ
シプロピルセルロース、ポリビニルピロリドン、澱粉、
加工澱粉、カゼイン、にかわ、ゼラチン、アラビアガ
ム、グアーガム、アルギン酸ソーダ、ローカストビーン
ガム、カラギーナン、タマリンド、ペクチン等の一般名
で呼称される物質を主要材質又は一部材質として構成さ
れたフイルム材やシート材が挙げられる。さらにまた、
他の分解し易いフイルムとしては、Ｋクラレビニロンフ
イルム、クラレエバールフイルム、ボブロン、エンブラ
ー、太閤セロハン、ソルブロン、バークシート（マルチ
ングシート）生分解性テクセル、バイオセル等の商品名
で市販されているフイルム材やシート材が挙げられる。[0006] The easily degradable film in the present invention includes, of course, a film or sheet having microbial decomposability, biodegradability, disintegration, etc., but is not limited thereto, and is easily decomposed by light (mainly sunlight). And films or sheets that are easily decomposed by light and microorganisms. As biodegradable films, in general, products such as materby, nobon, ecowear, delon CC, triglycol A, biopol, bacterial cellulose, pullulan, bionole, lacti, lacia, TONE, polyglutamic acid, lunare, lactone, etc. As a main material or a partial material, a resin or a film material commercially available under the name is used as a film or sheet. Other easily decomposable films include polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethyleneimine, water-soluble acrylate, methylcellulose, sodium polyacrylate, polyethylene oxide, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, starch,
Film material or sheet composed of a material called a general name such as processed starch, casein, glue, gelatin, gum arabic, guar gum, sodium alginate, locust bean gum, carrageenan, tamarind, pectin, etc. as a main material or a partial material Materials. Furthermore,
Other easily decomposable films include Kuraray Vinylon Film, Kuraray Eval Film, Boblon, Embra, Taiko Cellophane, Soluble, Bark Sheet (Mulching Sheet) Biodegradable Texel, Biocell and other commercially available film materials. And sheet materials.
【０００７】但し、ポリオレフィン系プラスチックフイ
ルム例えばポリエチレンフイルム等のように、光（主に
太陽光）で分子鎖の断裂が生じて物理的強度が劣化して
崩壊したり、５〜３０年もかかって微生物分解又は生分
解するようなフイルム材やシート材は、本発明における
易分解性フイルムに含まれない。However, like a polyolefin-based plastic film, for example, a polyethylene film, the molecular chain is broken by light (mainly sunlight), the physical strength is degraded and the material collapses, and it takes 5 to 30 years. Film materials and sheet materials that undergo microbial or biodegradation are not included in the easily degradable film in the present invention.
【０００８】本発明における易分解性薄膜形成フイルム
は、上記易分解性フイルムを基材として該基材の表面す
なわち片面又は両面に、金属薄膜、金属酸化物薄膜又は
金属硫化物薄膜を単独であるいは積層して形成したもの
である。The easily decomposable thin film-forming film of the present invention comprises the above-mentioned easily decomposable film as a substrate, and a metal thin film, a metal oxide thin film or a metal sulfide thin film alone or on one or both surfaces of the substrate. It is formed by lamination.
【０００９】基材の表面に単独であるいは積層して形成
する金属薄膜、金属酸化物薄膜又は金属硫化物薄膜とし
ては、アルミニウム、亜鉛、錫、銅、銀、チタン、クロ
ム、ニッケル、プラチナ、金、モリブデン等の各種の金
属や合金が単体又は混合で使用でき、また、アルミニウ
ムの酸化物、酸化亜鉛、硫化亜鉛、硫化モリブデン、酸
化珪素、酸化チタン、酸化錫、酸化タングステン等の各
種の金属酸化物又は金属硫化物が使用できる。The metal thin film, metal oxide thin film or metal sulfide thin film formed alone or laminated on the surface of the base material includes aluminum, zinc, tin, copper, silver, titanium, chromium, nickel, platinum, gold, and the like. , Molybdenum and other metals and alloys can be used alone or as a mixture, and various metal oxides such as aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, tungsten oxide, etc. Or metal sulfide can be used.
【００１０】金属薄膜、金属酸化物薄膜又は金属硫化物
薄膜は、真空蒸着、スパッタリング、イオンプレーティ
ング、化学的気相蒸着法等の従来公知の薄膜生成法によ
り形成できる。金属薄膜、金属酸化物薄膜又は金属硫化
物薄膜の厚さは、５０〜２０００Åが適当である。厚さ
が５０〜２０００Åであれば、極薄であるので、易分解
性フイルムが崩壊して消滅するにつれて、容易に消滅す
る。The metal thin film, metal oxide thin film or metal sulfide thin film can be formed by a conventionally known thin film forming method such as vacuum evaporation, sputtering, ion plating, and chemical vapor deposition. The thickness of the metal thin film, metal oxide thin film or metal sulfide thin film is suitably from 50 to 2000 °. When the thickness is 50 to 2000 mm, the film is extremely thin, and easily disappears as the easily decomposable film collapses and disappears.
【００１１】金属薄膜、金属酸化物薄膜又は金属硫化物
薄膜によっては、使用時にナメクジやカビや土中の害虫
類がたかるのを防止することができ、また、抗菌性や防
虫性、除草性や生長活性化の機能を付与することもでき
る。このようなものとしては、例えば、亜鉛、銅、銀、
酸化チタン又は硫化亜鉛、からなる金属薄膜、金属酸化
物薄膜又は金属硫化物薄膜が挙げられる。Depending on the metal thin film, metal oxide thin film or metal sulfide thin film, it is possible to prevent slugs, molds and pests in the soil from being used during use, and it also has antibacterial properties, insect repellency, herbicidal properties and the like. A function of activating growth can also be imparted. Such as, for example, zinc, copper, silver,
Examples include a metal thin film, a metal oxide thin film, and a metal sulfide thin film made of titanium oxide or zinc sulfide.
【００１２】本発明における紙は、溶解用パルプ、製紙
用パルプ、亜硫酸パルプ、クラフトパルプ、セミケミカ
ルパルプ、ケミグランドパルプ、サーモメカニカルパル
プ、リファイナ砕木パルプ、砕木パルプ、等の針葉樹や
広葉樹の木材パルプ質の紙が挙げられる。また、本発明
における他の紙としては、い草、マニラ麻、ケナフ、ジ
ュード、藁、葦、等に代表される非木材パルプ質を主た
る材料にした紙が挙げられる。The paper used in the present invention may be wood pulp for softwood or hardwood such as dissolving pulp, papermaking pulp, sulfite pulp, kraft pulp, semi-chemical pulp, chemical ground pulp, thermomechanical pulp, refined groundwood pulp, groundwood pulp, and the like. Quality paper. Examples of other papers in the present invention include papers mainly made of non-wood pulp represented by rush, manila hemp, kenaf, jude, straw, reed, and the like.
【００１３】本発明における紙は、例えばアスファルト
−ビチューメン、ピッチ、アミノアルデヒド樹脂、尿素
ホルムアルデヒド樹脂、メラミンホルムアルデヒド樹
脂、グリオキザール、ケトンアルデヒド樹脂、エポキシ
系ポリアミド樹脂、重金属塩、ポリエチレン、ポリプロ
ピレンワックス、、天然ゴム、ラテックス、合成プラス
チック及びその他硬質プラスチック等の、耐水化剤や撥
水剤や改質剤やバインダー、あるいは磁気インクが混ざ
っていないものが好ましい。耐水化剤、撥水剤、改質
剤、バインダー、磁気インク等が混ざっていると、自然
環境下で分解し難くなるから、本発明の紙としては望ま
しくない。The paper in the present invention may be, for example, asphalt bitumen, pitch, aminoaldehyde resin, urea formaldehyde resin, melamine formaldehyde resin, glyoxal, ketone aldehyde resin, epoxy polyamide resin, heavy metal salt, polyethylene, polypropylene wax, natural rubber It is preferable that no water-proofing agent, water-repellent agent, modifier, binder, or magnetic ink is mixed, such as latex, latex, synthetic plastic and other hard plastics. If a water-proofing agent, a water-repellent agent, a modifier, a binder, a magnetic ink, and the like are mixed, it is difficult to decompose in a natural environment, so that it is not desirable as the paper of the present invention.
【００１４】また、本発明における紙は、上記段落（０
０１２）で説明した材質や段落（００１３）で説明した
条件に合致していれば、一般に不織布といわれている形
態のものも含む。[0014] The paper in the present invention is prepared according to the above paragraph (0).
As long as the material described in 012) and the conditions described in paragraph (0013) are met, those in a form generally called a nonwoven fabric are also included.
【００１５】本発明における紙は、坪量１４〜２００ｇ
／ｍ2 のものである。坪量１４ｇ／ｍ2 未満では、貼り
合わせ時の強度が不足して破れたり、貼り合わせ面と反
対の面からの接着剤のはみ出しがトラブルや不良の原因
となり易く、坪量２００ｇ／ｍ2 を超えると、重量的に
ロール状での取扱いができ難く、分解する時間も長くな
り、コストも非常に高くなる。The paper in the present invention has a basis weight of 14 to 200 g.
/ M 2 . Is less than a basis weight 14 g / m 2, or torn insufficient strength at bonding, easily squeezed out of the adhesive from the surface opposite the bonding surface becomes a cause of troubles and defects, a basis weight 200 g / m 2 If it exceeds, it is difficult to handle in a roll form due to its weight, the time required for disassembly becomes long, and the cost becomes extremely high.
【００１６】本発明における接着剤は、自然環境下で分
解し易い接着剤又は粘着剤であり、具体的には、生分解
性等による経時崩壊性や水溶性を備え、かつ、常温での
耐水性を有する樹脂組成物であり、接着性を改良する薬
剤、硬化剤、粘着付与剤、その他各種の添加剤を添加し
たものであってもよい。本発明における接着剤は、易分
解性薄膜形成フイルムと紙とを貼り合わせるものであ
る。The adhesive in the present invention is an adhesive or a pressure-sensitive adhesive which is easily decomposed in a natural environment. Specifically, the adhesive has disintegration over time due to biodegradability and the like, has water solubility, and has water resistance at room temperature. It is a resin composition having an adhesive property, and may be a composition to which an agent for improving adhesiveness, a curing agent, a tackifier, and other various additives are added. The adhesive in the present invention is used to bond the easily decomposable thin film forming film and paper.
【００１７】本発明に係る農業用被覆材は、収縮加工、
エンボス加工、ドレープ加工、プレス加工、等の各種の
凹凸加工を施してもよく、このようにしたものも勿論本
発明に含まれる。各種の凹凸加工を施すと、気温変化に
よる変形を緩和したり、風合いが良くなったりするの
で、好ましい。本発明の農業用被覆材は、使用する材料
によっては使用時の雨水等による湿潤で収縮が生じる
が、予め凹凸形状にしておけば、収縮に伴う応力を緩和
する。また、本発明に係る農業用被覆材は、ホーリー加
工、パンチ加工、等の各種の穿孔加工を施してもよく、
このようにしたものも勿論本発明に含まれる。各種の穿
孔加工を施すと、作業性や空気の出入り等が良くなるの
で好ましい。用途によっては穿孔加工を施して幾分かの
必要な通気性を確保することもできる。勿論、各種の凹
凸加工と各種の穿孔加工をともに施してもよい。The agricultural covering material according to the present invention comprises:
Various concavo-convex processing such as embossing, drape processing, and press processing may be performed, and such a processing is, of course, included in the present invention. It is preferable to perform various kinds of unevenness processing because deformation due to a change in temperature is reduced and a feeling is improved. The agricultural covering material of the present invention shrinks due to wetting by rainwater or the like at the time of use depending on the material to be used. However, if it is made uneven in advance, stress due to shrinkage is reduced. Further, the agricultural covering material according to the present invention may be subjected to various kinds of perforation processing such as hole processing, punch processing, and the like,
Such a configuration is, of course, included in the present invention. It is preferable to perform various types of perforations because workability and the inflow and outflow of air are improved. Depending on the application, a perforation process may be applied to ensure some necessary air permeability. Of course, various types of unevenness processing and various types of perforation processing may be performed together.
【００１８】本発明は、使用後の処分として土表面や土
中に放置した場合には最終的には土や水、炭酸ガスとな
り、焼却した場合には、単位重量当り燃焼カロリーは例
えばポリオレフィン系フイルムの半分程度であり、燃焼
ガスには塩素や塩酸ガス等の有毒ガスは出ない。処分
は、場合によれば易分解生フイルムと紙とを分離して材
質別に処分することもできる。According to the present invention, when left on the soil surface or in soil as a disposal after use, it eventually becomes soil, water and carbon dioxide gas, and when incinerated, the calorie combustion per unit weight is, for example, polyolefin-based. It is about half that of film, and no toxic gas such as chlorine or hydrochloric acid gas is emitted as combustion gas. In the disposal, the easily degradable raw film and the paper may be separated and disposed of according to the material in some cases.
【００１９】[0019]
【実施例】実施例１ 易分解性フイルムとして、４０℃以上の水温で溶解する
厚さ２６μｍのフイルムであるソルブロン（商品名：ア
イセロ化学社製）を使用しその片面に、真空蒸着で厚さ
５００Åの亜鉛蒸着膜を形成して易分解性亜鉛薄膜形成
フイルムを得、該易分解性亜鉛薄膜形成フイルムと木材
パルプ質の坪量５０ｇ／ｍ2 のクラフト紙とを、亜鉛蒸
着膜を内側として、ポリエーテル系接着剤と硬化剤を用
いて貼り合わせ機で熱風乾燥しながら貼り合わせた。該
貼り合わせたフイルム全体にさらにワックスを塗布して
耐水性を与えた。このようにして本発明に係るエコロジ
カル農業用被覆材を得た。得られたエコロジカル農業用
被覆材を日当たりのよい畑地の表面に敷いて形状の変化
を観察したところ、約１月経過すると亜鉛蒸着膜の腐食
が部分的に始まり、約６月後には亜鉛光沢のある部分が
当初の半分以下の面積となり、その後徐々にクラフト紙
が分散消滅し、さらにソルブロンの元の形状崩壊へと進
んで、ほぼ１年後にはエコロジカル農業用被覆材は消滅
した。EXAMPLES Example 1 As an easily decomposable film, Sorbron (trade name, manufactured by Aicello Chemical Co., Ltd.), which is a 26 μm-thick film capable of dissolving at a water temperature of 40 ° C. or higher, was used. A film formed with a readily decomposable zinc thin film is obtained by forming a 500 ° zinc-deposited film, and the easily degradable zinc thin film-formed film and a kraft paper having a basis weight of 50 g / m 2 of wood pulp are placed with the zinc deposited film inside. Then, using a polyether-based adhesive and a curing agent, they were bonded together while drying with hot air using a bonding machine. Wax was further applied to the whole of the laminated film to give water resistance. Thus, the ecological agricultural covering material according to the present invention was obtained. When the obtained ecological agricultural covering material was laid on the surface of a sunny field, and the shape change was observed, the corrosion of the zinc vapor deposition film started partially after about one month, and the zinc luster after about six months. Part of the area was less than half of the original area, then the kraft paper was gradually dispersed and disappeared, and the shape of Sorbron was collapsed. After about a year, the ecological agricultural covering material disappeared.
【００２０】実施例２ 易分解性フイルムとして、生分解性フイルムであるエコ
ロージュ（商品名：三菱樹脂社製）を使用しその片面
に、真空蒸着で厚さ４５０Åの硫化亜鉛蒸着膜を形成
し、該硫化亜鉛蒸着膜上にポリアミド樹脂を主剤とした
透明な保護膜を形成した。次に、生分解性フイルムの他
の片面に真空蒸着で厚さ４００Åのアルミニウム蒸着膜
を形成して、易分解性薄膜形成フイルムを得た。次い
で、該得られた易分解性薄膜形成フイルムと実施例１で
使用したクラフト紙とを、アルミニウム蒸着膜を内側と
して、ポリエーテル系接着剤と硬化剤を用いて貼り合わ
せ機で熱風乾燥しながら貼り合わせた。更に、固形分重
量比で約１００ｐｐｍ程度の濃度で銅イオンを含有させ
たワックスをクラフト紙面側に塗布した。このようにし
て本発明に係るエコロジカル農業用被覆材を得た。得ら
れたエコロジカル農業用被覆材を日当たりのよい畑に展
張して、カンラン、べんり菜、薩摩芋、大豆、トマト、
西瓜、キュウリ等の種や苗を植栽して、経時変化を観察
した。観察によれば、当初の３月間はエコロジカル農業
用被覆材の分解や崩壊はほとんど見られなく、エコロジ
カル農業用被覆材の土と接触していない部分は１年後に
も初期の表面状態に近い状態を維持していたが、土と接
触したり土が載っている部分では、原形を部分的に残し
て消滅していた。１年間の観察中では、なめくじ、蟻、
毛虫等による幼芽や幼葉の食餌被害が比較的大きい４月
〜６月の間にも、これらによる被害は極めて少なく、幼
芽や幼葉は順調に成育し、枯死も殆どなかった。これ
は、硫化亜鉛蒸着膜を使用したことや、銅イオンを含有
させたワックスをクラフト紙面側に塗布したことが大き
く影響していると推測できる。このように、実施例２で
得られたエコロジカル農業用被覆材は、易分解性だけで
なく、なめくじ、蟻、毛虫等の忌避効果も著しかった。Example 2 A biodegradable film, Ekorouge (trade name, manufactured by Mitsubishi Plastics, Inc.) was used as an easily decomposable film, and a zinc sulfide vapor-deposited film having a thickness of 450 ° was formed on one surface thereof by vacuum vapor deposition. A transparent protective film mainly composed of a polyamide resin was formed on the zinc sulfide vapor-deposited film. Next, an aluminum vapor-deposited film having a thickness of 400 ° was formed on the other surface of the biodegradable film by vacuum vapor deposition to obtain an easily decomposable thin film-formed film. Next, the obtained easily decomposable thin film-forming film and the kraft paper used in Example 1 were dried with hot air by a bonding machine using a polyether-based adhesive and a curing agent, with the aluminum vapor-deposited film inside. Stuck together. Further, a wax containing copper ions at a concentration of about 100 ppm in terms of a solid content weight ratio was applied to the kraft paper surface side. Thus, the ecological agricultural covering material according to the present invention was obtained. The obtained ecological agricultural covering material is spread on a sunny field, and the perilla, beansai, sweet potato, soybean, tomato,
Seeds and seedlings such as watermelon and cucumber were planted and observed with time. According to observations, there was almost no decomposition or collapse of the ecological agricultural covering material during the first three months, and the part of the ecological agricultural covering material that was not in contact with the soil remained in the initial surface condition even after one year. Although it was in a similar state, it disappeared in areas where it was in contact with or on which the soil was placed, leaving some of its original shape. During one year of observation,
Even from April to June, when caterpillars and the like caused relatively large damage to the buds and young leaves, the damage caused by these was extremely small, and the buds and young leaves grew smoothly and did not almost die. This can be presumed to be largely due to the use of the zinc sulfide vapor-deposited film and the application of wax containing copper ions to the kraft paper surface. As described above, the ecological agricultural covering material obtained in Example 2 was not only easily degradable, but also had a remarkable effect of repelling sludge, ants, caterpillars, and the like.
【００２１】[0021]
【発明の効果】本発明は上記のように構成したから、易
分解性フイルム面側は水不透過性であり、紙面側は保水
性があるので、全体として水不透過性かつ保水性である
から、農業用被覆材として土の保温性や保湿性を適宜コ
ントロールするために使用することができる。また、本
発明を構成する易分解性フイルム、紙及び接着剤又は粘
着剤はいずれも自然環境下で分解し易く、大気中、土
中、水中等の自然環境下で容易に消滅するので、使用後
の処分が極めて容易で農地等の環境への有害性も極力低
減することができる。なお、易分解性フイルム表面の金
属薄膜、金属酸化物薄膜又は金属硫化物薄膜は、厚さが
５０〜２０００Åという極めて薄い膜であるから、易分
解性フイルムが元の形状を崩壊して消滅するにつれて、
それらの薄膜も容易に消滅するものである。本発明は、
使用後の処分として土表面や土中に放置した場合には最
終的には土や水、炭酸ガスや窒素となり、焼却した場合
には、単位重量当り燃焼カロリーは例えばポリオレフィ
ン系フイルムの半分程度であり、燃焼ガスには塩素や塩
酸ガス等の有毒ガスは出ない。処分は、場合によれば易
分解生フイルムと紙とを分離して材質別に処分すること
もできる。本発明は、金属薄膜、金属酸化物薄膜又は金
属硫化物薄膜として亜鉛、銅、銀、酸化チタン、硫化亜
鉛、等を使用した場合には、使用時にナメクジやカビや
土中の害虫がたかるのを防止することができ、また、抗
菌性や防虫性、除草性や生長活性化の機能を付与するこ
ともできる。Since the present invention is constructed as described above, the easily decomposable film surface is water-impermeable and the paper surface is water-retentive, so that it is entirely water-impermeable and water-retentive. Therefore, it can be used as an agricultural covering material for appropriately controlling the heat retention and moisture retention of soil. Further, the easily decomposable film, paper and adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive constituting the present invention are easily decomposed in a natural environment, and easily disappear in the natural environment such as air, soil, and water. Subsequent disposal is extremely easy, and harm to the environment such as farmland can be reduced as much as possible. Since the metal thin film, metal oxide thin film or metal sulfide thin film on the surface of the easily decomposable film is a very thin film having a thickness of 50 to 2000 °, the easily decomposable film collapses to its original shape and disappears. As
Those thin films also easily disappear. The present invention
If it is left on the soil surface or in the soil as a disposal after use, it will eventually become soil, water, carbon dioxide or nitrogen.If incinerated, the calorie combustion per unit weight is, for example, about half that of a polyolefin film. There is no toxic gas such as chlorine or hydrochloric acid gas in the combustion gas. In the disposal, the easily degradable raw film and the paper may be separated and disposed of according to the material in some cases. The present invention, when using zinc, copper, silver, titanium oxide, zinc sulfide, etc. as a metal thin film, a metal oxide thin film or a metal sulfide thin film, when used, slugs, mold, and pests in the soil are exposed. In addition, it is possible to impart antibacterial properties, insect repellent properties, herbicidal properties, and growth activating functions.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───
【手続補正書】[Procedure amendment]
【提出日】平成１１年６月２１日（１９９９．６．２
１）[Submission date] June 21, 1999 (1999.6.2
1)
【手続補正１】[Procedure amendment 1]
【補正対象書類名】明細書[Document name to be amended] Statement
【補正対象項目名】全文[Correction target item name] Full text
【補正方法】変更[Correction method] Change
【補正内容】[Correction contents]
【書類名】 明細書[Document Name] Statement
【発明の名称】 エコロジカル農業用被覆材[Title of the Invention] Ecological agricultural covering material
【特許請求の範囲】[Claims]
【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、主として田圃や畑
等の農地での植栽において、土の被覆に用いるマルチン
グフイルムとして使用すれば特に有益なエコロジカル農
業用被覆材に係るものであり、その他、トンネルハウ
ス、温室ハウス等の農業用ハウスにも使用すれば有益な
エコロジカル農業用被覆材に係るものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a covering material for ecological agriculture which is particularly useful when used as a mulching film for covering soil, mainly in planting on farmland such as rice fields and fields. In addition, the present invention relates to an ecological agricultural covering material that is useful when used in agricultural houses such as tunnel houses and greenhouses.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】古くから植栽物根元付近に麦藁や稲藁等
を敷設して周辺の大気の温湿度や、土の温湿度の調整が
行われている。最近では、麦藁や稲藁等にかえて、ポリ
塩化ビニルフイルム、ポリエチレンフイルム、ポリエス
テルフイルムなどの通常のプラスチックフイルムからな
るロール状のマルチングフイルムが使用されている。こ
のマルチングフイルムは、マルチャーと呼ばれる機械で
の敷設もできる。2. Description of the Related Art For a long time, wheat straw, rice straw and the like have been laid near the root of a plant to adjust the temperature and humidity of the surrounding air and the temperature and humidity of the soil. Recently, a roll-shaped mulching film made of a usual plastic film such as a polyvinyl chloride film, a polyethylene film, or a polyester film has been used in place of wheat straw, rice straw and the like. This mulching film can be laid by a machine called a mulcher.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、従来の
マルチングフイルムは極めて堅牢であるから、マルチン
グの必要な期間に比較して著しく長い寿命を有してい
る。そのため、マルチングフイルムの処分が必要である
が、その処分は大変であり多大の手間や経費がかかり、
燃焼させると有毒ガスを出したりする。また、処分に困
って放置すると長期間にわたり元のフイルム形状を保持
するので農地の利用を著しく阻害する。そこで、近年、
腐食や分解がし難いプラスチック材料の放置や自家処分
に関する規制が厳しくなりつつある。本発明は、上記の
欠点を除去し、マルチングフイルムとして使用すれば特
に最適であるとともに各種の農業用ハウスにも使用で
き、かつ、使用後の処分が容易で農地等の環境への有害
性も極力低減することができるエコロジカル農業用被覆
材を提供するものである。However, since the conventional mulching film is extremely robust, it has an extremely long life as compared with the period required for mulching. Therefore, it is necessary to dispose of the mulching film, but the disposal is tedious and takes a lot of time and money.
It emits toxic gas when burned. Also, if left undisturbed for disposal, the original film shape is maintained for a long period of time, which significantly impairs the use of farmland. So, in recent years,
Regulations on leaving plastic materials that are difficult to corrode or decompose or disposing of plastic materials are becoming stricter. The present invention eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks, is particularly suitable for use as a mulching film, and can be used for various agricultural houses, and is easy to dispose of after use, and is harmful to the environment such as farmland. An object of the present invention is to provide an ecological agricultural covering material that can be reduced as much as possible.
【０００４】すなわち、本発明は、自然環境下で分解し
易いプラスチックフイルム材料からなる易分解性フイル
ムを基材とし、該基材の片面にアルミニウム薄膜又は亜
鉛薄膜を形成し、他の片面に硫化亜鉛薄膜を形成した薄
膜形成易分解性フイルムと、木材パルプや古紙、ケナフ
等の非木材パルプ等の自然環境下で分解し易い材質から
なる紙とを、薄膜形成易分解性フイルムのアルミニウム
薄膜又は亜鉛薄膜を内側として、自然環境下で分解し易
い接着剤又は粘着剤で貼り合わせてなることを特徴とす
る、エコロジカル農業用被覆材である。本発明は、マル
チングフイルムとして使用すれば特に適しているので、
マルチングフイルムに適したエコロジカル農業用被覆材
である。本明細書において自然環境下とは、大気中、土
中、水中等の自然環境下のことである。That is, the present invention is based on an easily decomposable film made of a plastic film material which is easily decomposed in a natural environment, and forms an aluminum thin film or a zinc thin film on one surface of the base material and a sulfurized film on the other surface. A thin film-forming easily decomposable film on which a zinc thin film is formed, and a paper made of a material easily decomposed in a natural environment such as wood pulp, waste paper, non-wood pulp such as kenaf, etc. An ecological agricultural covering material characterized by being bonded with an adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive that is easily decomposed in a natural environment, with a zinc thin film inside. The present invention is particularly suitable for use as a mulching film,
Ecological agricultural covering material suitable for mulching film. In this specification, the natural environment refers to a natural environment such as the air, the soil, and the water.
【０００５】本発明における基材である易分解性フイル
ムは、自然環境下で分解し易いフイルムであり、自然環
境下で大体１月〜３年以内にフイルム形状が元の形状を
失い細分化して消滅するものである。易分解性フイルム
は、本発明を土の被覆に用いた際に、あるいは使用後の
処分の際に、微生物によって分解したり、雨や土の湿気
等の水分によって溶解したり、光によって分解したり、
あるいはそれらの相乗作用により分解したりして消滅す
るものである。The easily decomposable film as the base material in the present invention is a film which is easily decomposed in a natural environment, and loses its original shape within about one to three years under the natural environment, and becomes fragmented. It will disappear. The easily degradable film may be decomposed by microorganisms, dissolved by moisture such as rain or soil moisture, or decomposed by light when the present invention is used for covering soil or at the time of disposal after use. Or
Alternatively, they are decomposed or eliminated by their synergistic action.
【０００６】本発明における易分解性フイルムは、微生
物分解性又は生分解性、崩壊性等のフイルム又はシート
は勿論含むものであるが、それにとどまらず、光（主と
して太陽光）で分解し易いフイルム又はシート、及び光
と微生物によって分解し易いフイルム又はシートも含
む。生分解性フイルムとしては一般的には、マタービ
ー、ノボン、エコウェアー、ドロンＣＣ、トリグリコー
ルＡ、バイオポール、バクテリアセルロース、プルラ
ン、ビオノーレ、ラクティ、レイシア、ＴＯＮＥ、ポリ
グルタミン酸、ルナーレ、ラクトロン等の商品名で市販
されている樹脂やフイルム材を主要材質又は一部材質と
してフイルム化あるいはシート化した素材が挙げられ
る。また、他の分解し易いフイルムとしては、ポリビニ
ルアルコール、ポリアクリルアマイド、カルボキシメチ
ルセルロース、ポリエチレンイミン、水溶性アクリレー
ト、メチルセルロース、ポリアクリル酸ソーダ、ポエチ
レンオキシド、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキ
シプロピルセルロース、ポリビニルピロリドン、澱粉、
加工澱粉、カゼイン、にかわ、ゼラチン、アラビアガ
ム、グアーガム、アルギン酸ソーダ、ローカストビーン
ガム、カラギーナン、タマリンド、ペクチン等の一般名
で呼称される物質を主要材質又は一部材質として構成さ
れたフイルム材やシート材が挙げられる。さらにまた、
他の分解し易いフイルムとしては、Ｋクラレビニロンフ
イルム、クラレエバールフイルム、ボブロン、エンブラ
ー、太閤セロハン、ソルブロン、バークシート（マルチ
ングシート）、生分解性テクセル、バイオセル等の商品
名で市販されているフイルム材やシート材が挙げられ
る。[0006] The easily degradable film in the present invention includes, of course, a film or sheet having microbial decomposability, biodegradability, disintegration, etc., but is not limited thereto, and is easily decomposed by light (mainly sunlight). And films or sheets that are easily decomposed by light and microorganisms. As biodegradable films, in general, products such as materby, nobon, ecowear, delon CC, triglycol A, biopol, bacterial cellulose, pullulan, bionole, lacti, lacia, TONE, polyglutamic acid, lunare, lactone, etc. As a main material or a partial material, a resin or a film material commercially available under the name is used as a film or sheet. Other easily decomposable films include polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethyleneimine, water-soluble acrylate, methylcellulose, sodium polyacrylate, polyethylene oxide, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, starch,
Film material or sheet composed of a material called a general name such as processed starch, casein, glue, gelatin, gum arabic, guar gum, sodium alginate, locust bean gum, carrageenan, tamarind, pectin, etc. as a main material or a partial material Materials. Furthermore,
Other films that can be easily decomposed include those commercially available under the trade names such as K-Kuraray Vinylon Film, Kuraray Eval Film, Boblon, Embra, Taiko Cellophane, Soluble, Bark Sheet (Mulching Sheet), Biodegradable Texel, and Biocell. And sheet materials.
【０００７】但し、ポリオレフィン系プラスチックフイ
ルム例えばポリエチレンフイルム等のように、光（主に
太陽光）で分子鎖の断裂が生じて物理的強度が劣化して
崩壊したり、５〜３０年もかかって微生物分解又は生分
解するようなフイルム材やシート材は、本発明における
易分解性フイルムに含まれない。However, like a polyolefin-based plastic film, for example, a polyethylene film, the molecular chain is broken by light (mainly sunlight), the physical strength is degraded and the material collapses, and it takes 5 to 30 years. Film materials and sheet materials that undergo microbial or biodegradation are not included in the easily degradable film in the present invention.
【０００８】本発明における薄膜形成易分解性フイルム
は、上記易分解性フイルムを基材として、該基材の片面
にアルミニウム薄膜又は亜鉛薄膜を形成し、他の片面に
硫化亜鉛薄膜を形成したものである。The easily decomposable film for forming a thin film according to the present invention is obtained by forming the above-mentioned easily decomposable film as a base material, forming an aluminum thin film or a zinc thin film on one surface of the base material, and forming a zinc sulfide thin film on the other surface. It is.
【０００９】アルミニウム薄膜又は亜鉛薄膜と硫化亜鉛
薄膜とはいずれも、真空蒸着、スパッタリング、イオン
プレーティング、化学的気相蒸着法等の従来公知の薄膜
生成法により形成できる。アルミニウム薄膜又は亜鉛薄
膜と硫化亜鉛薄膜との厚さは、いずれも５０〜２０００
Åが適当である。厚さが５０〜２０００Åであれば、極
薄であるので、易分解性フイルムが崩壊して消滅するに
つれて、容易に消滅する。The aluminum thin film or the zinc thin film and the zinc sulfide thin film can be formed by a conventionally known thin film forming method such as vacuum evaporation, sputtering, ion plating, and chemical vapor deposition. The thickness of the aluminum thin film or the zinc thin film and the thickness of the zinc sulfide thin film are each 50 to 2,000.
Å is appropriate. When the thickness is 50 to 2000 mm, the film is extremely thin, and easily disappears as the easily decomposable film collapses and disappears.
【００１０】硫化亜鉛薄膜は、使用時にナメクジやカビ
や土中の害虫類がたかるのを防止することができ、抗菌
性や防虫性、除草性の機能を付与することもできる。[0010] The zinc sulfide thin film can prevent slugs, molds and pests in the soil during use, and can also impart antibacterial, insect repellent and herbicidal functions.
【００１１】本発明における紙は、溶解用パルプ、製紙
用パルプ、亜硫酸パルプ、クラフトパルプ、セミケミカ
ルパルプ、ケミグランドパルプ、サーモメカニカルパル
プ、リファイナ砕木パルプ、砕木パルプ、等の針葉樹や
広葉樹の木材パルプ質の紙が挙げられる。また、本発明
における他の紙としては、い草、マニラ麻、ケナフ、ジ
ュード、藁、葦、等に代表される非木材パルプ質を主た
る材料にした紙が挙げられる。The paper used in the present invention is wood pulp for softwood or hardwood such as dissolving pulp, papermaking pulp, sulfite pulp, kraft pulp, semi-chemical pulp, chemical ground pulp, thermomechanical pulp, refined groundwood pulp, groundwood pulp, etc. Quality paper. Examples of other papers in the present invention include papers mainly made of non-wood pulp represented by rush, manila hemp, kenaf, jude, straw, reed, and the like.
【００１２】本発明における紙は、例えばアスファルト
−ビチューメン、ピッチ、アミノアルデヒド樹脂、尿素
ホルムアルデヒド樹脂、メラミンホルムアルデヒド樹
脂、グリオキザール、ケトンアルデヒド樹脂、エポキシ
系ポリアミド樹脂、重金属塩、ポリエチレン、ポリプロ
ピレンワックス、、天然ゴム、ラテックス、合成プラス
チック及びその他硬質プラスチック等の、耐水化剤や撥
水剤や改質剤やバインダー、あるいは磁気インクが混ざ
っていないものが好ましい。耐水化剤、撥水剤、改質
剤、バインダー、磁気インク等が混ざっていると、自然
環境下で分解し難くなるから、本発明の紙としては望ま
しくない。The paper used in the present invention is, for example, asphalt bitumen, pitch, aminoaldehyde resin, urea formaldehyde resin, melamine formaldehyde resin, glyoxal, ketone aldehyde resin, epoxy polyamide resin, heavy metal salt, polyethylene, polypropylene wax, natural rubber It is preferable that no water-proofing agent, water-repellent agent, modifier, binder, or magnetic ink is mixed, such as latex, latex, synthetic plastic and other hard plastics. If a water-proofing agent, a water-repellent agent, a modifier, a binder, a magnetic ink, and the like are mixed, it is difficult to decompose in a natural environment, so that it is not desirable as the paper of the present invention.
【００１３】また、本発明における紙は、上記段落（０
０１１）で説明した材質や段落（００１２）で説明した
条件に合致していれば、一般に不織布といわれている形
態のものも含む。Further, the paper in the present invention is prepared by using the above paragraph (0).
As long as the material described in 011) and the conditions described in paragraph (0012) are met, those in a form generally called a nonwoven fabric are also included.
【００１４】本発明における紙は、坪量１４〜２００ｇ
／ｍ２のものである。坪量１４ｇ／ｍ２未満では、貼り
合わせ時の強度が不足して破れたり、貼り合わせ面と反
対の面からの接着剤のはみ出しがトラブルや不良の原因
となり易く、坪量２００ｇ／ｍ２を超えると、重量的に
ロール状での取扱いができ難く、分解する時間も長くな
り、コストも非常に高くなる。The paper in the present invention has a basis weight of 14 to 200 g.
/ M 2 . Is less than a basis weight 14 g / m 2, or torn insufficient strength at bonding, easily squeezed out of the adhesive from the surface opposite the bonding surface becomes a cause of troubles and defects, a basis weight 200 g / m 2 If it exceeds, it is difficult to handle in a roll form due to its weight, the time required for disassembly becomes long, and the cost becomes extremely high.
【００１５】本発明における接着剤は、自然環境下で分
解し易い接着剤又は粘着剤であり、具体的には、生分解
性等による経時崩壊性を有する樹脂組成物であり、接着
性を改良する薬剤、硬化剤、粘着付与剤、その他各種の
添加剤を添加したものであってもよい。本発明における
接着剤は、薄膜形成易分解性フイルムと紙とを貼り合わ
せるものである。The adhesive in the present invention is an adhesive or a pressure-sensitive adhesive which is easily decomposed in a natural environment. More specifically, the adhesive is a resin composition having a disintegration property with time due to biodegradability and the like, and has an improved adhesive property. It may be added with a chemical, a curing agent, a tackifier, and other various additives. The adhesive in the present invention is for bonding a thin film-forming easily decomposable film and paper.
【００１６】本発明に係る農業用被覆材は、収縮加工、
エンボス加工、ドレープ加工、プレス加工、等の各種の
凹凸加工を施してもよく、このようにしたものも勿論本
発明に含まれる。各種の凹凸加工を施すと、気温変化に
よる変形を緩和したり、風合いが良くなったりするの
で、好ましい。本発明の農業用被覆材は、使用する材料
によっては使用時の雨水等による湿潤で収縮が生じる
が、予め凹凸形状にしておけば、収縮に伴う応力を緩和
する。また、本発明に係る農業用被覆材は、ホーリー加
工、パンチ加工、等の各種の穿孔加工を施してもよく、
このようにしたものも勿論本発明に含まれる。各種の穿
孔加工を施すと、作業性や空気の出入り等が良くなるの
で好ましい。用途によっては穿孔加工を施して幾分かの
必要な通気性を確保することもできる。勿論、各種の凹
凸加工と各種の穿孔加工をともに施してもよい。The agricultural covering material according to the present invention comprises:
Various concavo-convex processing such as embossing, drape processing, and press processing may be performed, and such a processing is, of course, included in the present invention. It is preferable to perform various kinds of unevenness processing because deformation due to a change in temperature is reduced and a feeling is improved. The agricultural covering material of the present invention shrinks due to wetting by rainwater or the like at the time of use depending on the material to be used. However, if it is made uneven in advance, stress due to shrinkage is reduced. Further, the agricultural covering material according to the present invention may be subjected to various kinds of perforation processing such as hole processing, punch processing, and the like,
Such a configuration is, of course, included in the present invention. It is preferable to perform various types of perforations because workability and the inflow and outflow of air are improved. Depending on the application, a perforation process may be applied to ensure some necessary air permeability. Of course, various types of unevenness processing and various types of perforation processing may be performed together.
【００１７】本発明は、使用後の処分として土表面や土
中に放置した場合には最終的には土や水、炭酸ガスとな
り、焼却した場合には、単位重量当り燃焼カロリーは例
えばポリオレフィン系フイルムの半分程度であり、燃焼
ガスには塩素や塩酸ガス等の有毒ガスは出ない。処分
は、場合によれば易分解生フイルムと紙とを分離して材
質別に処分することもできる。According to the present invention, when left on the soil surface or in the soil as a disposal after use, it eventually becomes soil, water and carbon dioxide gas, and when incinerated, the calorie combustion per unit weight is, for example, polyolefin-based. It is about half that of film, and no toxic gas such as chlorine or hydrochloric acid gas is emitted as combustion gas. In the disposal, the easily degradable raw film and the paper may be separated and disposed of according to the material in some cases.
【００１８】実施例１ 易分解性フイルムとして、生分解性フイルムであるエコ
ロージュ（商品名：三菱樹脂社製）を使用しその片面
に、真空蒸着で厚さ４５０Åの硫化亜鉛蒸着膜を形成
し、該硫化亜鉛蒸着膜上にポリアミド樹脂を主剤とした
透明な保護膜を形成した。次に、生分解性フイルムの他
の片面に真空蒸着で厚さ４００Åのアルミニウム蒸着膜
を形成して、薄膜形成易分解性フイルムを得た。次い
で、該得られた薄膜形成易分解性フイルムと木材パルプ
質の坪量５０ｇ／ｍ２のクラフト紙とを、アルミニウム
蒸着膜を内側として、ポリエーテル系接着剤と硬化剤を
用いて貼り合わせ機で熱風乾燥しながら貼り合わせた。
更に、固形分重量比で約１００ｐｐｍ程度の濃度で銅イ
オンを含有させたワックスをクラフト紙面側に塗布し
た。このようにして本発明に係るエコロジカル農業用被
覆材を得た。得られたエコロジカル農業用被覆材を日当
たりのよい畑に展張して、カンラン、べんり菜、薩摩
芋、大豆、トマト、西瓜、キュウリ等の種や苗を植栽し
て、経時変化を観察した。観察によれば、当初の３月間
はエコロジカル農業用被覆材の分解や崩壊はほとんど見
られなく、エコロジカル農業用被覆材の土と接触してい
ない部分は１年後にも初期の表面状態に近い状態を維持
していたが、土と接触したり土が載っている部分では、
原形を部分的に残して消滅していた。１年間の観察中で
は、なめくじ、蟻、毛虫等による幼芽や幼葉の食餌被害
が比較的大きい４月〜６月の間にも、これらによる被害
は極めて少なく、幼芽や幼葉は順調に成育し、枯死も殆
どなかった。これは、硫化亜鉛蒸着膜を使用したこと
や、銅イオンを含有させたワックスをクラフト紙面側に
塗布したことが大きく影響していると推測できる。この
ように、実施例１で得られたエコロジカル農業用被覆材
は、易分解性だけでなく、なめくじ、蟻、毛虫等の忌避
効果も著しかった。Example 1 A biodegradable film, Ekorouge (trade name, manufactured by Mitsubishi Plastics, Inc.) was used as an easily degradable film, and a zinc sulfide vapor-deposited film having a thickness of 450.degree. A transparent protective film mainly composed of a polyamide resin was formed on the zinc sulfide vapor-deposited film. Next, an aluminum vapor-deposited film having a thickness of 400 ° was formed on the other surface of the biodegradable film by vacuum vapor deposition to obtain a thin film-forming easily decomposable film. Then, the obtained thin film-forming easily decomposable film and a wood pulp kraft paper having a basis weight of 50 g / m 2 are bonded to each other using a polyether-based adhesive and a curing agent with the aluminum vapor-deposited film inside. With hot air drying.
Further, a wax containing copper ions at a concentration of about 100 ppm in terms of a solid content weight ratio was applied to the kraft paper surface side. Thus, the ecological agricultural covering material according to the present invention was obtained. Spread the obtained ecological agricultural covering material in a sunny field, plant seeds and seedlings such as perilla, bean greens, sweet potato, soybean, tomato, watermelon, cucumber, and observe changes over time. did. According to the observations, there was almost no decomposition or collapse of the ecological agricultural covering material during the first three months, and the part of the ecological agricultural covering material that was not in contact with the soil remained in the initial surface condition even after one year. Although it was close to the state, but in contact with the soil or where the soil is on,
It disappeared, leaving some of its original form. During the one-year observation, the damage to the buds and young leaves caused by slugs, ants, caterpillars, etc. was relatively small during the period from April to June when the damage was very small, and the buds and young leaves were in good condition. And grew hardly. This can be presumed to be largely due to the use of the zinc sulfide vapor-deposited film and the application of wax containing copper ions to the kraft paper surface. Thus, the coating material for ecological agriculture obtained in Example 1 was not only easily degradable, but also had a remarkable effect of repelling sludge, ants, caterpillars and the like.
【００１９】[0019]
【発明の効果】本発明は上記のように構成したから、易
分解性フイルム面側は水不透過性であり、紙面側は保水
性があるので、全体として水不透過性かつ保水性である
から、農業用被覆材として土の保温性や保湿性を適宜コ
ントロールするために使用することができる。また、本
発明を構成する易分解性フイルム、紙及び接着剤又は粘
着剤はいずれも自然環境下で分解し易く、大気中、土
中、水中等の自然環境下で容易に消滅するので、使用後
の処分が極めて容易で農地等の環境への有害性も極力低
減することができる。なお、易分解性フイルム表面のア
ルミニウム薄膜又は亜鉛薄膜及び硫化亜鉛薄膜は、厚さ
が５０〜２０００Åという極めて薄い膜であるから、易
分解性フイルムが元の形状を崩壊して消滅するにつれ
て、それらの薄膜も容易に消滅するものである。本発明
は、使用後の処分として土表面や土中に放置した場合に
は最終的には土や水、炭酸ガスや窒素となり、焼却した
場合には、単位重量当り燃焼カロリーは例えばポリオレ
フィン系フイルムの半分程度であり、燃焼ガスには塩素
や塩酸ガス等の有毒ガスは出ない。処分は、場合によれ
ば易分解生フイルムと紙とを分離して材質別に処分する
こともできる。本発明は、硫化亜鉛薄膜を使用している
ので、使用時にナメクジやカビや土中の害虫がたかるの
を防止することができ、また、抗菌性や防虫性、除草性
の機能を付与することもできる。Since the present invention is constructed as described above, the easily decomposable film surface is water-impermeable and the paper surface is water-retentive, so that it is entirely water-impermeable and water-retentive. Therefore, it can be used as an agricultural covering material for appropriately controlling the heat retention and moisture retention of soil. Further, the easily decomposable film, paper and adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive constituting the present invention are easily decomposed in a natural environment, and easily disappear in the natural environment such as air, soil, and water. Subsequent disposal is extremely easy, and harm to the environment such as farmland can be reduced as much as possible. Since the aluminum thin film or the zinc thin film and the zinc sulfide thin film on the surface of the easily decomposable film are extremely thin films having a thickness of 50 to 2,000 mm, as the easily decomposable film collapses to its original shape and disappears, these films are removed. Also easily disappears. The present invention is intended to dispose of soil, water, carbon dioxide gas or nitrogen when left on the soil surface or soil as disposal after use, and when incinerated, the calorie burned per unit weight is, for example, polyolefin-based film. And no toxic gas such as chlorine gas or hydrochloric acid gas is emitted from the combustion gas. In the disposal, the easily degradable raw film and the paper may be separated and disposed of according to the material in some cases. Since the present invention uses a zinc sulfide thin film, it can prevent slugs, mold, and pests in the soil from being used during use, and can also provide antibacterial properties, insect repellent properties, and herbicidal properties. Can also.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き Ｆターム(参考） 2B024 DB07 DD10 2B029 EB03 EB11 EB15 4F100 AA09B AA17B AA21B AA25B AB01B AK01A AK21 AK54G AP00C BA03 BA07 BA10A BA10C CA02G CB00 CB05 DD07C DG02C DG10C EJ26 GB07 GB15 HB21C JA13C JC00A JD05 JL00 JM02B YY00B YY00C ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continuing on the front page F term (reference) 2B024 DB07 DD10 2B029 EB03 EB11 EB15 4F100 AA09B AA17B AA21B AA25B AB01B AK01A AK21 AK54G AP00C BA03 BA07 BA10A BA10C CA02G CB00 CB05 J02J00 GBCOB JC GB02C00 DD07C DG02C00
Claims (5)
ルム材料からなる易分解性フイルムを基材とし、該基材
の表面に金属薄膜、金属酸化物薄膜又は金属硫化物薄膜
を単独であるいは積層して形成した易分解性薄膜形成フ
イルムと、木材パルプや古紙、ケナフ等の非木材パルプ
等の自然環境下で分解し易い材質からなる紙を、自然環
境下で分解し易い接着剤又は粘着剤で貼り合わせてなる
ことを特徴とする、エコロジカル農業用被覆材。An easily decomposable film made of a plastic film material which is easily decomposed in a natural environment, and a metal thin film, a metal oxide thin film or a metal sulfide thin film alone or laminated on the surface of the base material. An easily decomposable thin film-forming film and a paper made of a material that is easily decomposed in the natural environment such as wood pulp, waste paper, and non-wood pulp such as kenaf, etc. An ecological agricultural covering material characterized by being laminated.
薄膜が、亜鉛、銅、銀、酸化チタン又は硫化亜鉛からな
り、厚さ５０〜２０００Åである請求項１記載のエコロ
ジカル農業用被覆材。2. The ecological agricultural coating according to claim 1, wherein the metal thin film, metal oxide thin film or metal sulfide thin film is made of zinc, copper, silver, titanium oxide or zinc sulfide and has a thickness of 50 to 2000 mm. Wood.
が、坪量１４〜２００ｇ／ｍ2 のものである請求項１又
は２記載のエコロジカル農業用被覆材。3. The ecological agricultural covering material according to claim 1, wherein the paper made of a material which is easily decomposed in a natural environment has a basis weight of 14 to 200 g / m 2 .
工、ドレープ加工、プレス加工、等の各種の凹凸加工を
施したものである請求項１〜３のいずれか１項に記載の
エコロジカル農業用被覆材。4. The ecological material according to claim 1, wherein the agricultural covering material is subjected to various kinds of irregularities such as shrinking, embossing, drape, and press. Agricultural coatings.
工、等の各種の穿孔加工を施したものである請求項１〜
４のいずれか１項に記載のエコロジカル農業用被覆材。5. The agricultural covering material has been subjected to various kinds of perforation processing such as hole processing, punch processing and the like.
5. The ecological agricultural covering material according to any one of 4.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10207253A JP2990508B1 (en) | 1998-07-06 | 1998-07-06 | Ecological agricultural coating |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10207253A JP2990508B1 (en) | 1998-07-06 | 1998-07-06 | Ecological agricultural coating |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2990508B1 JP2990508B1 (en) | 1999-12-13 |
| JP2000014254A true JP2000014254A (en) | 2000-01-18 |
Family
ID=16536753
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10207253A Expired - Fee Related JP2990508B1 (en) | 1998-07-06 | 1998-07-06 | Ecological agricultural coating |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2990508B1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101352952B1 (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2014-02-21 | (주)농협아그로 | Reflection film for cultivating plant and method for producing it |
| WO2019046981A1 (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-14 | Protevid Spa | Antimicrobial composition comprising polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylic acid and copper and use of same; coating for solid surfaces comprising said composition and use thereof |
| KR20210058194A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-05-24 | 조만숙 | Paper covering soil made of natural pulp with various functions and its manufacturing method |
-
1998
- 1998-07-06 JP JP10207253A patent/JP2990508B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101352952B1 (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2014-02-21 | (주)농협아그로 | Reflection film for cultivating plant and method for producing it |
| WO2019046981A1 (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-14 | Protevid Spa | Antimicrobial composition comprising polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylic acid and copper and use of same; coating for solid surfaces comprising said composition and use thereof |
| KR20210058194A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-05-24 | 조만숙 | Paper covering soil made of natural pulp with various functions and its manufacturing method |
| KR102335857B1 (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-12-06 | 조만숙 | Paper covering soil made of natural pulp with various functions and its manufacturing method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2990508B1 (en) | 1999-12-13 |
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