JP2886486B2 - Perforated mulching paper for agriculture - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a mulching paper for agricultural use mainly suitable for field action, and more particularly to an improved mulching paper having a high disease control effect.

More specifically, the mulching paper is rich in air permeability, can suppress the growth of harmful microorganisms that occur frequently at high temperature and high humidity, and expands and contracts by repeated wet and dry under severe natural environmental conditions such as rainfall or hot weather. However, the present invention relates to a mulching paper which can be corroded and decomposed and can be left as it is, without the paper being easily broken during coating and without the need to remove it after harvesting the crop.

[0003]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, in the cultivation of agricultural crops, the surface of arable land has been developed for the purpose of preventing soil erosion, maintaining soil moisture, controlling soil temperature, controlling weeds, preventing disease-borne bacteria and mud splashes. So-called film mulching cultivation, in which the soybean is coated with a polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride film called polymulch, is widely practiced.

[0004] However, in the conventional mulching cultivation method using a petroleum-based plastic film as a covering material, the covering material has almost no air permeability, and under the laying of the film, moisture in the soil evaporates and the outside air As a result, dew condensation occurs on the inner surface of the film due to the cooling, but water droplets formed on the inner surface of the film are absorbed into the soil again. As described above, the moisture in the soil repeats evaporation-condensation-reabsorption. However, light energy such as sunlight is added, and the inner surface of the film becomes high temperature and high humidity. Such an environment is an excellent growth environment for viruses such as soft rot, wilt and rot, and other harmful microorganisms, and is nothing less than creating an environment in which the harmful microorganisms are easily proliferated.

[0005] The fact that a field in which a crop is planted is in such an environmental state means that the crop is susceptible to the soft rot and the like. Therefore, it has a considerable adverse effect on the harvest.

[0006] In Japan, seed and direct sowing agriculture is the main method of cultivating agricultural crops. According to this method of seeding, the film laid along the surface of the field is cut at the time of sowing, A perforated mulching film in which planting holes for crops of a predetermined size are formed is often used. However, since the film is light, wind enters through the perforated portion, and the periphery of the hole may flutter in the vertical direction due to the wind. Due to the fluttering, when the peripheral portion of the hole of the film comes into contact with the seedling, the seedling is scratched, and the wound opening acts as a route to cause various diseases and sometimes cause poor rooting.

In view of the drawbacks of the film mulching cultivation method, the present inventors have previously made paper or paperboard having a stretchability of 5% or more by flute processing, embossing or crimping as a base material. , This one with starch
A mulching paper suitable for upland crops containing up to 15% by weight has been proposed (Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 6-330387).

Conventionally, paper is used as a base material, and starch is added to the base material. Conventionally, wood pulp or other cellulose fibers are used as a base material and have a thickness of 0.08 to 0.30 m.
m, basis weight 35-160 g / m ² , wet tensile strength 0.
A mulching paper for paddy fields, which is formed to a width of 20 to 2.00 kg / f and a width of 15 mm and a degree of steroid size of 15 seconds or less, has been proposed (see, for example, JP-A-6-78659).

Further, the reference weight is 30 to 80 g / m ² ,
There has been proposed a composite mulching sheet comprising a core material of crepe paper having an extensibility of 15% and a coating having a dried residue of a latex dispersion of polyvinylidene chloride (see, for example, JP-A-60-250949). ).

Further, a biodegradable sheet comprising a latex web composite which has been treated with 16 to 80 parts by weight of a latex containing an impregnating agent on a dry weight basis with respect to a base web containing a plurality of cellulose fibers has been proposed (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-157556). For example, see JP-A-6-16834).

[0011] However, in the invention proposed above,
The mulching paper described in -78659 is a paper exclusively for hydroponics, and can be applied only to paddy fields, and cannot be applied to fields under more severe natural environmental conditions than paddy fields. This is because the basic required characteristics of the mulching paper differ between the field action and the paddy field in actual use. For example, for paddy fields, it is necessary to absorb water quickly (15 seconds or less in size), and for paddy fields, no holes are required, whereas in field action, rapid absorption is rather undesirable (80 to 120 in size).
Seconds). In other words, mulching paper used by covering the fields is
It is affected by the weather, such as rainfall, snowfall, sunshine in the sun, wind, temperature, etc., during about 30 to 50 days, which is the growth period of the seedlings.
Therefore, in such a harsh field crop environment, the paper repeatedly expands and contracts wet and dry. Therefore, breakage is likely to occur due to expansion and contraction of the paper. However, it is difficult to control the expansion and contraction or to eliminate the breakage in the invention of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-78659. When the rupture occurs, wind flows from the rupture point, making it impossible to cover, so that the original purpose of mulching cannot be achieved.
Moreover, if the amount of added starch is not reduced to 10% or less, the rigidity of the paper increases, and the decomposition speed after use is slow, especially in cultivated lands such as Hokkaido where the soil temperature is relatively low.
It has the disadvantage that the weathering and thawing speed in the soil is slow, and incompletely rotted parts remain at the time of planting. In addition, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication
The composite mulching sheet described in JP-A-250949 and the biodegradable latex web described in JP-A-6-16834 are both inventions of the composite sheet. In particular, JP-A-60
-250949, comprising a dry weight of 20-25 g / m ² of polyvinylidene chloride latex,
The invention of JP-A-6-16834 is characterized in that 16 to 80 parts by weight of carboxylated SBR is present in the composite within 100 parts by weight of the fiber content. Both latexes, when formed into a film, have the effect of increasing the airflow resistance as a chemical property. Therefore, this is
When compounded with fiber, the airflow resistance of the sheet is significantly increased, and the airflow resistance becomes insufficient as in the case of the high-molecular-weight poly-multi product.
It has the drawback that it is difficult to achieve an appropriate upland environment.

[0012]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned drawbacks of the above-mentioned conventional invention, and has high air permeability, can suppress the growth of harmful microorganisms that occur frequently at high temperatures and high humidity, and can prevent severe natural environments such as rainfall or hot weather. It is specially processed so that the mulching paper does not break easily even if the paper expands and contracts during mulching due to repeated wet and dry under the conditions. The purpose is to provide mulching paper that can be left as it is.

By the way, in view of the above-mentioned problems of the conventional mulching paper, Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 6-330387, which was filed by the present inventors, applies flute processing, embossing or crimping to paper or paperboard. 5% by applying
It is characterized by imparting the above-described extensibility. By applying such processing to the paper, the mulching paper has a configuration in which the expansion and contraction can be absorbed by the structural shape of the paper even when the mulching paper repeatedly expands and contracts under wet field conditions, which is more severe than paddy fields. The resulting paper breakage was prevented. Also, in the prior invention, starch is added to paper 1 to
By adding 15% by weight, during the period of laying along the surface of the field as mulching paper, the starch acts as a paper strength agent and retains its form, and becomes a nutrient source of bacteria in the soil after harvesting the crop. At the same time, there is one that can promote the weathering and liquefaction of mulching paper.

[0014]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors basically propose a mulching paper having air permeability and paper density suitable for field action by basically utilizing the mulching paper of the prior application. In particular, the air permeability of the mulching paper is 30 to
120 seconds, by setting the density to 0.3 to 0.8 cm ³ , it has been found that in the conventional film mulching cultivation method, the problem of multiplication of harmful microorganisms frequently occurring at high temperature and high humidity and the accompanying diseases of crops can be overcome. It has been completed.

[0015] That is, the present invention provides a rice basis weight of 50 to 150 g.
/ M ² , size 80-120 seconds, air permeability 30-120
1. second, density 0.3-0.8 cm ³ , breaking length (longitudinal direction)
8 to 5.6 km, paper or paperboard having an elongation of 5% or more by flute processing or embossing or crimping with a light transmittance of 0 to 5% is used as a base material. A perforated agricultural mulching paper characterized by having crop planting holes or notches formed in the paper length direction or width direction.

The arrangement and shape of the planting holes or cutouts are appropriately selected according to the type of crop, and include round, oval, square or cross cuts. Generally, almost circular ones are often used.

The planting hole is formed on the paper constituting the base material.
Together have been made, the rate of hole area of the planting hole is perforated mulching paper is 0.5% or more with respect to laying area the ridge width as a reference, were found to be highly epidemic prevention effect as described below .

The base material used is preferably any of core paper for cardboard, kraft paper, and kraft stretched paper, but is not particularly limited.

Starch is used by adding or coating a solution in which a high molecular polysaccharide such as corn, potato, tapioca or the like is dispersed in water in a paper layer or a paper surface constituting a substrate.

[0020]

The product of the present invention having the above-mentioned structure is characterized in that the material itself is a natural fiber and the voids between the fibers in the paper (paper density 0.3 to 0.
8) In addition to low airflow resistance due to the large size, air enters between the soil and mulching paper from the perforated part,
Appropriate conditions for crops can be maintained as upland environment. That is, the environment between the mulching paper and the soil is not in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, the growth of harmful microorganisms is suppressed, and the epidemic-preventing action of the crop is exhibited.

[0021]

Next, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.

Structure of base paper before perforation The base paper used in the present invention has a rice basis weight of 50 to 150 g / m ² ,
Size degree 80 to 120 seconds, air permeability 30 to 120 seconds, density 0.3 to 0.8 cm ³ , tear length (longitudinal direction) 2.8 to 5.
6 km, paper or paperboard having an elongation of 5% or more by a method such as flute processing or embossing or crimping with a light transmittance of 0 to 5%, and is mainly made of core base paper for cardboard, kraft paper, What is generally provided as kraft stretch paper is used.

In the above-mentioned base paper making process, a starch purified from corn, potato, tapioca or the like is contained in a paper layer in the range of 1 to 15% by weight as a solution dispersed in water or applied to the surface of the base paper. Get.

The stencil paper is perforated to obtain a mulching paper of the present invention. As the punching equipment for punching that can be applied to this base paper, any of a leaf-type punching machine (flat plate punching machine) and a roll-up punching machine (rotary die cutter) can be used.

Types and Arrangements of Holes The shape of the planting holes 4 formed in the base paper varies depending on the type of agricultural crop to be planted, for example, leaf stem vegetables, fruit vegetables, root vegetables and the like. Similarly, the number of streaks, streaks, stumps, and hole arrangement of the planting holes formed in the base paper are changed. The base paper width is also the same. Usually, the shape of the planting hole 4 is circular and the diameter is 5 to 10 c.
m. The arrangement of holes for crops is usually as shown in Table 1.

[0026]

[Table 1]

Hole Diameter and Opening Area The opening ratio of the planting holes 4 is preferably 0.5% or more based on the laying area based on the ridge width. The pore diameter is the normal arrangement as shown in the table above, and the minimum diameter is 50m
m.

Next, the embodiment of the present invention and the effects of this embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a ridge of a field to be mulched, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of a perforated mulched paper as the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 indicates a ridge, 2 indicates a holding soil, 3
Is mulching paper, 4 is planting holes, and each hole is formed in a plover. Reference numeral 5 is a crop seedling.

Mulching machine used: Seeda mulcher Seeda mulcher lays down the seeds of agricultural crops in the soil in the holes while laying the mulch and detecting the holes in the perforated mulch with an optoelectronic sensor. It has the function of sowing. The detection of the perforated portion is based on the difference in the reflectance of light between the soil and the mulching emitted by the photoelectronic sensor, and the perforated mulching paper of the present invention could be used for seeding.

[0030]

【Example】

Perforated mulching paper; paper width 1300 mm, number of strips 2, strip 6
00mm, inter-stock 240mm, hole diameter 50mm diameter, plover paper type; Kraft paper: 60g / m ² , Kraft stretch paper: 80g / m ² , core: 115g / m ² or more 3 laying length; 200m Agricultural crop; Radish

Using the perforated mulching paper of the above example and the perforated polymulch described below as test samples, a confirmation test of the epidemic prevention effect was carried out in a greenhouse. The test method is described below, and the test results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

Test sample; a. Mulching paper: three types of kraft paper, kraft stretched paper, and core paper, which satisfy the conditions described in Table 1 above. b. Polymulti (commercially available): 3 types: silver multi, transparent multi, black and white double multi. c. Perforated level As for papers, as described above, the same hole arrangement was used for the polymulti product (however, the hole diameter was 100 mm). For poly products, separately, the vertical hole diameter is 50 mm
A round hole having a diameter of..., One round hole having a diameter of 50 mm in the horizontal direction..., And four samples opened for ventilation were also used for the test. Therefore, the total number of paper products, poly products, and crops is nine. d. Environmental conditions in the greenhouse Temperature: 24-29 ° C, Wind speed: 0.5m / sec (circulation type)
Humidity: 60-90% e. Crops and disease names Radish, soft rot f. Diluent juice for inoculation and its usage Collect 200 g of the part where the symptom frequently appears, add 0.1 mol of neutral phosphate buffer, grind thoroughly, filter with gauze, and filter the filtrate. Random was added and diluted to 20 liters. g. Contaminated soil The above-mentioned diluted sap was sprayed on the soil floor of nine test samples so as to be uniform, and then mixed to form ridges. The test results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0033]

[Table 2]

A similar test was performed on Chinese cabbage. The test results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0035]

[Table 3]

Consideration As is apparent from Table 2, the perforated mulching paper exhibited a remarkable epidemic prevention effect as compared with the poly-mulch product. In particular,
The opening ratio is 0.5 to the installation area based on the ridge width.
% Or more of the perforated mulching paper was found to be highly effective in preventing epidemics. In contrast, the polymulti product has a pore size of 100
Ventilation holes of mmΦ and 50 mmΦ in the vertical direction were drilled at intervals of 12 cm, and similar holes were drilled at intervals of 15 cm in the horizontal direction, and subjected to the test. It did not reach the effect of epidemic control based on ventilation. Further, it was found that the hole diameter and the number of holes of the polymulti product hindered the effect of weeding and weeding by coating, which is the original purpose of the multi.

[0037]

As described above, according to the present invention, the material itself is paper or paperboard made of natural fibers, the voids between the fibers in the paper (paper density 0.3 to 0.8) are large, Low resistance (air permeability 30-120 seconds), in addition to this,
Air enters between the soil and mulching paper in combination with the perforated part, and the conditions suitable for crops as an upland environment can be maintained.Therefore, there is no high-temperature and high-humidity environment between mulching paper and soil, and the growth of harmful microorganisms Suppressed and exerts the epidemic prevention effect of crops. This is a very useful invention in that a remarkable disease-resistant environment can be realized in a field effect as compared with a conventional polymulti product.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a ridge of a field to be mulched.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of a perforated mulching paper according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 ridge 2 holding soil 3 mulching paper 4 planting hole 5 crop seedling

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A rice basis weight of 50 to 150 g / m ² , a size of 80 to 120 seconds, an air permeability of 30 to 120 seconds, and a density of 0.3 to
0.8 cm ³ , breaking length (longitudinal direction) 2.8 to 5.6 km,
Mulching paper based on paper or paperboard having a light transmittance of 0 to 5% and having a stretchability of 5% or more by flute processing, embossing or crimping, and containing 1 to 15% by weight of starch A perforated agricultural mulching paper, wherein planting holes or cutouts are formed in the paper length direction or width direction. 2. The base material is a base paper selected from core base paper for cardboard, kraft paper, and kraft stretched paper.
A perforated agricultural mulching paper according to claim 1 . 3. A starch according to claim 1, wherein the additive or coating process to the paper layer or paper surfaces constituting the substrate is
Perforated mulching paper for agriculture . 4. A planting hole is formed in the paper constituting the base material.
Together are for laying area opening ratio relative to the ridge width of the planting hole, is 0.5% or more claims
Item 4. The perforated agricultural mulching paper according to item 1 .