JP2000014241A - Culture medium and method for raising seedling - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a culture medium enabling uniform seeds to be raised with good germination rate and even germination time as well by sowing coagulated bed soil with seeds followed by covering the bed soil with soil to effect germination and raising seedling, and then by coagulating both the bed soil and covering soil by a specific means. SOLUTION: This culture medium is obtained by sowing coagulated bed soil 1' with seeds followed by covering the bed soil with soil to effect germination and raising seedling, and then by coagulating both the bed soil and covering soil using a coagulant, thereby accomplishing a raising seedling; alternatively, this culture medium is obtained by sowing coagulant-incorporated bed soil with seeds followed by covering the bed soil with soil to effect germination and raising seedling, and then by coagulating both the bed soil and covering soil using a coagulant.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for raising onions, leeks, leek, rice, leafy vegetables, fruits and vegetables, etc. in a nursery tray or a box-shaped or pot-shaped nursery container having a large number of seedling pots connected in series. And a method of raising seedlings.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As conventional examples of this type, there are a method of sowing seeds on a medium containing a coagulant and raising seedlings, and a method of adding a coagulant to the medium after seedling is completed. . However, in the former, the medium around the seeds becomes coagulated when irrigated because the coagulant is contained in the medium, the seeds are difficult to germinate, poor germination and the germination time are shifted, so that it is good. It was difficult to grow a young seedling. In the latter case, it is difficult to remove or transport the seedlings when there are weak or dead seedlings in the seedling tray when growing the seedlings. Was inefficient and often hurt the seedlings.

[0003]

According to the present invention, in order to solve the conventional problems, the invention according to claim 1 is applied to a coagulant after sowing and covering soil on a coagulated floor to germinate seedlings. Medium that has condensed the floor and cover soil.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of raising seedlings in which seeds are seeded and covered with soil on a coagulated floor to germinate the seedlings, and then the coagulating agent coagulates the floor and the soil with a coagulant. Invention is to sow and cover the floor with the coagulant,
After the seedlings are germinated and raised, the medium is formed by coagulating the floor and cover soil with a coagulant. The invention according to claim 4 is sowed and covered with soil on a floor in which the coagulant has been added, and germinated. The present invention according to claim 5 is a method for raising seedlings in which a flooring and a cover soil are condensed with a coagulant after raising the seedlings. Compression-molded by mixing a plant material such as bentonite or montmorillonite to prevent water repellency of plant fiber such as peat moss or plant fiber such as peat moss, or a surfactant such as alkylene oxide or ester nonionic surfactant. According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for raising a medium and a seedling, wherein the floor according to any one of the first to fourth aspects is a mixture of a soil and a coagulant. It is a method of raising seedlings.

[0004]

According to the first to fourth aspects of the present invention, since the coagulant is not contained in the covering soil, the germination rate of seeds is good, and the germination time is uniform, and uniform seedlings are grown. Can be done. Of course, when transferring seedlings when there are weak seedlings or dead seedlings in the seedling tray after the seedlings have grown to some extent after watering, the flooring can maintain the block strength with a coagulant In addition, the operation of transferring the seedlings can be easily performed, and the efficient operation can be performed without damaging the seedlings.

Further, before the seedlings are grown and transplanted to the field, the coagulant consolidates the floor and the soil with a coagulant, so that the floor and the soil become an integral block, and the root block can be prevented from collapsing. A highly adaptable seedling that can be planted with a transplanter can be obtained. The invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that a floor material prevents bentonite or montmorillonite or other non-ionic active substances such as bentonite and montmorillonite to prevent water repellency between plant fibers such as peat moss and plant fibers such as peat moss. It is a medium and a method of raising seedlings, which are obtained by compression molding by mixing surfactants such as
In addition to the above functions and effects, it is possible to obtain a floor with good water absorption while utilizing the properties of vegetable fiber such as peat moss which is lightweight and has good water retention. As a result, the seeding operation can be immediately restored to a desired shape, so that the seeding operation can be performed efficiently, and the seedling raising operation is easy because of the light weight and good water retention.

Further, it can be stored and transported in a dry state with a light weight and a small volume, which is very industrially excellent. According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the functions and effects of the first to fourth aspects, a general soil is used as the floor, so that the present invention can be implemented with an existing seeding apparatus.

[0007]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A method for sowing and raising seedlings of onion, leek, chive, and rice, which is one embodiment of the present invention, will be described in detail below. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a compression-molded floor (compression-molded floor) 1, which is a tablet (tablet).
It was molded in the shape of Examples of the material containing plant fibers which are used as the material of the floor 1 include fruit fibers of palms and palms (compressed and cut fibers of the pulp of coconut), sawdust, bark (park), and the like. Can be used. Particularly preferred is peat, of which peat moss formed by sphagnum mosses is most preferred.
In addition, a material in which peat moss and coconut fruit fibers are mixed can also be used.

[0008] The water repellency of peat moss becomes remarkable when it is dried to a water content of about 30% or less. Therefore, when peat moss is used as a material for compression molding, if it is dry, when it is expanded with water at the time of use after compression molding, it becomes difficult to absorb the water, which makes handling inconvenient. Therefore, before compression molding, peat moss is mixed with bentonite or montmorillonite or immersed in an aqueous solution to adhere fine particles of bentonite or montmorillonite to the fiber surface of the peat moss, and then dried and compression-molded. Even if the compressed pit moss is dry, it easily absorbs water, and the above problem is solved. Also, bentonite or montmorillonite is a kind of clay component that can be extracted from natural products. However, if a chemical substance is used, surfactants such as alkylene oxide-based and ester-based nonionic surfactants are repelled. It can be used as a water inhibitor (penetrating agent).

In addition, peat moss generally has a pH of 3.5 to 3.5.
Since the pH is as low as 5.5, the pH is adjusted with slaked lime, quicklime, formic lime, calcium carbonate, or the like. In addition, slaked lime is preferable in terms of ease of handling and effects. By the way, the bentonite or the montmorillonite also serves as a binder which acts as a binder when compression-molding peat moss, and enhances the binding effect at the time of molding.

When a gelling water-soluble polymer (natural polymer) such as gellan gum, xanthan gum or karaya gum is used as another binder instead of bentonite or montmorillonite, the desired shape can be restored by adding water. After that, it is possible to prevent collapse or loss of the root mortar portion and to perform a good sowing operation while keeping the properties of vegetable fiber such as peat moss which is lightweight and has good water retention. Further, after the seedling raising, the root pot portion of the seedling has a firm shape, so that the seedling is suitable for mechanical transplantation.

In order to increase the expansion ratio when the compression-molded floor 1 expands with water, a commercially available superabsorbent polymer is added to the material containing plant fibers such as peat moss.
Etc. can be mixed and used. Here, as an example of the floor, the particle size is 3 mm or less and the length is 5 mm.
The following (diameter D1 after compression molding = less than half of 10 mm) was squeezed (pulverized) (preferably, the particle size is 1 mm or less, and it is more suitable for restoring with water after compression molding. An example of compression molding using a mixture of peat moss and a surfactant and a polyvinyl alcohol or polyacrylate as a binder is described below. The floor is filled in the cylindrical hole of the mold 2 and the cylindrical protrusion of the upper mold 3 is lowered from above to perform compression molding (see FIG. 2). At the time of this compression, first, a small particle size is put into the hole of the lower mold 2,
Finally, a material having a slightly larger particle size is put into the hole of the lower mold 2 and compression-molded, and the compression-molded floor has a state in which the particle size on one side is small and the particle size on the other side is slightly large. To
That is, one side of the compression-molded floor is made to have fine grains and the other side is made to have coarse grains. (Also, even if a little vibration is applied after the floor is put in the hole of the lower mold 2, or the floor is put in the hole of the lower mold 2 so that the particle size of the lower part becomes smaller due to the difference in specific gravity of the floor, The compression-molded floor has a state in which the particle size on one side is small and the particle size on the other side is slightly large.) The compression pressure at this time depends on the water content of the material, but is 50 to 300 kg / cm ² . compressed at a pressure, the material is compression molded to a ^{0.6g / cm 3 ~1.0g / cm 3} . The water content of the material to be compressed is preferably 45 to 60% in the case of compressing peat moss so as not to damage the fiber.

The concrete dimensions after compression molding are as follows. The size of the compression molding floor 1 is as follows: diameter D1 = 10 mm;
It is compression molded into a cylindrical shape with a height H1 = 13 mm. At the time of this compression molding, the material is 0.6 g / cm ^{3 to} 1.0 g / c.
To compress to m ³ , if it is 0.6 g / cm ³ or less, it takes more than 3 minutes to absorb water when watering and restoring.
Easy to break after restoration. On the other hand, if the pressure is reduced to 1.0 g / cm ³ or more, good restoration cannot be performed when water is restored by irrigation, and the expansion coefficient becomes extremely low. Therefore, when the material as in the present invention is compressed to ^{0.6g / cm 3 ~1.0g / cm 3} , when restoring to irrigation, and water 10-20
It is restored in seconds, and its expansion rate is twice or more, and it is appropriately restored to a desired shape.

When the floor 1 compressed with a material containing plant fibers is expanded by adding water after compression molding, the expansion in the direction substantially opposite to the compression direction during the compression molding is large. There is a characteristic. For example, when the compression-molded floor 1 in the shape of a tablet shown in FIG. 1 is compressed from above and below using Peat Moss, the size at the time of compression molding is 10 mm in diameter × 13 mm in height. Expands with water, the expansion in the opposite direction of the compression direction is about 2.
The expansion was 5 times, and the expansion in the direction crossing the compression direction was about 1.2 times the expansion.

As described above, the compression-molded floor 1 greatly expands substantially in the direction opposite to the compression direction when it contains water, but the floor 1 'after expansion expands in the expansion direction (vertical direction). ) Is strong against shearing, and weak against shearing in a direction (left-right direction) crossing the direction of expansion. Conventionally, if you try to pull up by pulling the stem of a seedling that does not have root winding, only the seedling is pulled out because the root is not tangled with the floor, and it is difficult to pull out the seedling with the floor Also, even if you push the stick into the hole at the bottom of the seedling pot and try to take out the seedlings with the floor, the sticks pushed into the bottom break the soil because the roots are not entangled with the floor, and push up the seedlings with the floor. There is a problem that is difficult to do.

Then, the compression molded floors 1 are placed in the seedling pots 5 with the compressed direction being the vertical direction, and the floors 1 are soaked in water to form the floors 1. The seedling raising method is such that the seedlings are expanded and filled in the seedling raising pots 5 and then seeded and raised on the expanded flooring 1 ′.
Since the seedling floor 1 raised in each of the seedling pots 5 is resistant to shearing in the vertical direction, the seedlings can be pulled upward by holding the stems of the seedlings.
When pushing out the seedlings contained in the seedling raising pots 5 by inserting the seedling push-out rods 7 into the holes 6 at the bottom of the floor, the flooring 1 is hard to collapse, and even when the roots of the seedlings are not much extended, Seedlings from the seedling pots 5... Therefore, highly adaptable seedlings (seedlings that can be easily pulled out by a device that pulls out from the inside of each seedling pot 5... Or a device that pushes out from below) can be grown.

On the other hand, the seedling raising tray 4 is a kind of cell tray provided with a large number of small column-shaped seedling raising pots 5, and the whole seedling raising tray 4 is integrally formed of a synthetic resin which is slightly bent and bent. A trough-shaped slot 41 into which the seedling extruded body 40 of the transplanter intervenes from the outside of the bottom is formed in the bottom part 5a of the seedling raising pot 5, and the flange-shaped parts 4a on both left and right sides of the seedling raising tray 4 are formed. Engagement holes 5b for transferring the seedling raising tray 4 by a transplanter are provided at a constant pitch (FIGS. 3 to 3).
(Fig. 5).

The size of the contents of the seedling raising pot 5 is as follows.
Bottom diameter D3 = 12 mm, upper end opening diameter D2 = 15
mm and a depth H2 = 24.7 mm. Next, the seeding operation using the seedling raising tray 4 and the compression molding floor 1 will be described. First, the compression-molded floor 1 is placed in each of the seedling raising pots 5 of the seedling raising tray 4 with the compressed direction being the vertical direction so that the side having a slightly larger particle size is on the upper side (FIG. 6), and watering is performed. When the floor 1 is expanded in each of the seedling raising pots 5..., A small gap remains between the seedling raising pot 5 and the inner surface of the seedling raising pot 5, and the floor 1 ′ has a size slightly lower than the upper end opening. (FIG. 7). Then, a well-known seeding hole forming roll is rolled and pressed from above the floor 1 ′ to form a seeding hole 24 having a depth of 5 mm (FIG. 8). The soil from the upper surface of 1 ′ to the upper end opening is covered with vermiculite 26 (FIG. 9) to grow seedlings. The covering soil may be any cultivated soil without a coagulant.

At this time, since the compression-molded floor 1 is mixed with polyvinyl alcohol or polyacrylate as a binder (glue), the block strength can be maintained even after being expanded and restored with water. Since the binder is not contained in the covering soil 26, the germination rate of the seeds is good, and the germination timings of the various seedlings in each of the seedling raising pots 5 of the seedling raising tray 4 are uniform, so that the entire seedling raising tray 4 is made into a uniform seedling. Can be grown.

If there is a weak seedling or a dead seedling in the seedling raising tray 4 during the growth of the seedling, the weak seedling or the dead seedling is removed from the seedling raising pot 5 and another seedling raising tray 4 is removed.
The operation of transferring the seedlings into which the healthy seedlings taken out of the seedlings are put into the seedling raising pot 5 is performed. At that time, the floor 1 ′ that has been expanded and restored with water can maintain the block strength by being mixed with polyvinyl alcohol or polyacrylate as a binder. Efficient work can be performed without damaging the computer.

Immediately after the completion of the seedling growth and transplantation to the field, the seedling raising tray 4 is immersed in an aqueous solution of gellan gum which is a kind of a gelling water-soluble polymer as a coagulant, or an aqueous solution of gellan gum. From above the nursery tray 4. Then, the soil cover 26 at the root of the seedlings in each seedling pot 5... And the floor 1 ′ condense, and the soil cover 26 and the floor 1 ′ form an integral block, so that the root block can be prevented from collapsing. When the seedling extruded body 40 made of a round bar of the transplanter is inserted into the slot 41 at the bottom 5a of the transplanter and the seedlings housed in the seedling raising pots 5 are extruded, the seedlings are hardly disintegrated, and the seedlings are taken out from the seedling raising pots 5. (Fig. 10). Therefore, highly adaptable seedlings that can be planted with a transplanter can be obtained. In addition, adding an aqueous solution of gellan gum immediately before transplanting gives water to the seedling medium, so that the root block can be prevented from collapsing and synergistically with the seedling after transplantation,
Good cultivation can be performed.

Incidentally, instead of polyvinyl alcohol or polyacrylate as a binder of the compression molding floor 1,
The gelling water-soluble polymer, alginate, or water glass (sodium silicate) may be used. Instead of the gelling water-soluble polymer added to the medium immediately before transplantation, any binder (coagulant / binder) such as alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate or water glass may be used.

On the other hand, although the above-mentioned compression molded floor is an example in which it is formed into a tablet (tablet), it may be formed into any other shape such as a columnar shape, a spherical shape and a flat plate shape.
Further, by forming the compression-molded floor in a shape adapted to the shape of the seedling raising pot or the seedling raising container, the shape can be restored to a shape suitable for the seedling raising pot or the seedling raising container, and the seeding operation can be performed efficiently.

In the above-mentioned example, the example of the seedling pots 5 arranged in a large number on the seedling raising tray 4 is shown. However, the present invention may be applied to a single seedling growing container such as a flowerpot or a plastic pot (pot). Needless to say. Next, in the above-described example, an example in which a compression-molded floor is used as the floor has been described. However, it is needless to say that a general soil for raising seedlings may be used as the floor. An example in that case will be described below.

First, a polyvinyl alcohol, a polyacrylate, a gelling water-soluble polymer, an alginate, or a water glass is blended as a binder (coagulant / binder) with the cultivation soil. Is put as floor soil (floor ground) in each of the. Then, a well-known repressing roll is rolled from the upper part of the cultivated soil and pressed so as to form a space for the seeds and the soil on the upper surface of the cultivated soil, and then seeded on the upper surface of the cultivated soil, and covered with vermiculite. Seedlings are raised as in.

Then, by the watering from above during the seedling raising, the floor soil is condensed by the binder, and the block strength can be maintained. Since no binder is contained in the soil cover, the germination rate of the seeds is good, and the germination times of the various seedlings in each of the seedling pots 5 on the seedling raising tray 4 are uniform, and the entire seedling raising tray 4 is grown into a uniform seedling. Can be done. In addition, when transferring seedlings when there are weak seedlings or dead seedlings in the seedling raising tray 4 during the growth of the seedlings, the floor soil can maintain the block strength with the binder. Transfer work can be performed easily, and efficient work can be performed without damaging the seedlings.

Immediately after the completion of the seedling growth and transplantation to the field, the seedling raising tray 4 is immersed in an aqueous solution of gellan gum, which is a kind of gelling water-soluble polymer, or the aqueous solution of gellan gum is transferred to the seedling raising tray 4. Spray from above. Then, the soil cover and the floor soil of the root of the seedling in each seedling raising pot 5 condense, and the soil cover and the floor soil become an integrated block, the root block can be prevented from collapsing, and the groove at the bottom 5a of the seedling raising pot 5. When the seedling extruded body 40 made of a round bar of the transplanter is inserted from the hole 41 and the seedlings contained in the seedling raising pots 5 are pushed out, the seedlings are hardly disintegrated and the seedlings can be easily removed from the seedling raising pots 5. Therefore, highly adaptable seedlings that can be planted with a transplanter can be obtained. Also, the addition of an aqueous solution of gellan gum immediately before transplanting gives water to the seedling culture medium, so that the root block can be prevented from collapsing and synergistically, the seedlings after transplanting become more active, and good cultivation is achieved. Can be performed.

In addition, a binder (coagulant / binder) for the soil
When a surfactant such as an alkylene oxide-based or ester-based nonionic surfactant is mixed together as a water-repellent agent (penetrating agent), the above-mentioned effect is more remarkable. Finally, in the above example, onion, leek, leek,
Although the case of sowing and raising rice is described above, the present invention may be applied to any other items such as leafy vegetables such as cabbage and Chinese cabbage or fruit vegetables such as tomato and cucumbers. In addition, it can be applied to seedling raising by grafting or the like.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a compression-molded flooring 1. FIG.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing an example of compression molding of the compression-molded floor 1;

FIG. 3 is a side view showing an example of the seedling raising container 4.

4 is a front view of the seedling raising container 4. FIG.

5 is a plan view of the seedling raising container 4. FIG.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional side view showing an example of loading a compression-molded floor 1 into a seedling raising pot 5;

7 is a cross-sectional side view showing a state where the compression-molded floor 1 loaded into the seedling raising pot 5 contains water and has completed expansion. FIG.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional side view showing a state where a seeding hole 24 is formed.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional side view showing a state in which seeds are seeded in seeding holes 24 and soil is covered.

FIG. 10 is a sectional side view showing a state where a seedling has grown.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 floor (compression molding floor) 4 seedling raising tray 5 seedling raising pot

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Tetsuo Setogawa 1-Yachikura, Tobe-cho, Iyo-gun, Ehime Pref.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A culture medium comprising sowing seeds on a coagulated floor, covering with soil, germinating and raising a seedling, and then coagulating the floor and cover soil with a coagulant. 2. A method for raising seedlings, wherein the seedlings are sown on a coagulated floor, covered with soil, germinated and then raised with a coagulant to condense the floor and cover soil. 3. A medium comprising sowing and covering soil on a floor containing a coagulant, germinating and raising seedlings, and then coagulating the floor and cover soil with the coagulant. 4. A method of raising seedlings by sowing and covering soil on a floor containing a coagulant, germinating and raising the seedling, and then coagulating the floor and cover soil with the coagulant. 5. The floor material according to claim 1, wherein the floor material is a clay material such as bentonite or montmorillonite, or an alkylene oxide-based material, for preventing water repellency of plant fibers such as peat moss and plant fibers such as peat moss. A medium and a method for raising seedlings, characterized by being mixed with a surfactant such as a nonionic surfactant of ester or ester type and compression-molded. 6. A method for raising a medium and a seedling, wherein the floor according to claim 1 is a mixture of a soil and a coagulant.