ITUD20100109A1 - SELF-SUPPORTING STRUCTURE FOR FLOORS - Google Patents

Description

Description of the invention having as title:

"SELF-SUPPORTING STRUCTURE FOR SLABS"

FIELD OF APPLICATION

The present invention relates to a self-supporting structure for the construction of floors which form the cover or support of intermediate floors of buildings. In particular, by means of the side-by-side arrangement of the self-supporting structures, according to the present invention, a surface is defined on which the concrete can be cast for the construction of the floor.

STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE

In the building construction technique it is known to produce floors by means of one or more structures placed side by side and whose ends are normally constrained to respective vertical supporting constructive elements, such as for example pillars, columns, walls, or horizontal, for example, beams.

The structures can be arranged both horizontally to allow the construction of intermediate floors or roofs of buildings, and inclined to allow the construction of a roof.

In order to simplify the construction operations of floors, self-supporting beams have been studied that do not require the use of temporary support props. In particular, a structure is known which comprises an oblong base plate, of a substantially flat or arched shape, made of steel and on which one or more supporting beams or trusses are welded.

The aforementioned base plate, in addition to being an integral part of the supporting structure, also acts as a self-supporting support for the components of the floor, and as a formwork for the completion casting in concrete.

The size of each support beam depends, in particular, on the static load that the structure must bear, while the amount of concrete poured also depends on the REI value (minutes of fire resistance) to be obtained.

A drawback of the known structures is that a considerable amount of concrete is often required to completely cover the supporting beams which, at times, have heights of even several decimeters. This entails an increase in the overall weight of the floor and, therefore, the need to increase the number of support beams and the size of the building foundations.

Furthermore, with the use of known structures, all electrical, plumbing or other systems must necessarily be arranged either under the base plate or above the concrete casting, and in any case covered by plasterboard panels, or other roofing elements.

This leads to an increase in the overall thickness of the floor, with a consequent reduction in the useful height of the building floor.

An object of the present invention is to provide a self-supporting structure that is easy to manage and install, for the construction of floors, which can remain in place after the concrete casting and which, with the same dimensions of the structure, allows to reduce the quantity of concrete that must be poured to completely cover the support beams. In this way, the overall weight of the floor can be reduced, also to the advantage of the size of the foundations and the seismic safety of the building.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a self-supporting structure which allows the installation of plant parts without it being necessary to increase the overall thickness of the floor, to the advantage of the useful height of the building floor.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a method that uses the self-supporting structure, according to the present invention, which, in addition to facilitating storage and installation operations, does not require the use of formworks and supports as props. or temporary stakes to support the structure during the pouring of concrete for the construction of the aforementioned floor.

In order to obviate the drawbacks of the known art and to obtain the aforementioned and further objects and advantages, the Applicant has studied, tested and implemented the present invention.

EXPOSURE OF THE FOUND

The present invention is expressed and characterized in the independent claims. The related dependent claims disclose other characteristics of the present invention or variants of the main solution idea.

In accordance with the aforementioned purposes, a self-supporting structure for the construction of floors comprises a base plate which defines a lower and containment plane, cooperating with a plurality of beams. Said containing base plate is adapted to support and contain the concrete casting.

According to a characteristic aspect of the present invention, the base plate is shaped so as to have a plurality of stiffening ribs. According to said solution, the base plate disposes, along its longitudinal axis, stiffening ribs which define a plurality of upper cavities between which the beams are arranged, at the same time creating one or more lower lightening compartments.

According to a variant, the cooperation between the base plate and the beams is structural.

According to a variant, the stiffening ribs are uniformly spaced apart to define one or more modules side by side.

According to a possible embodiment, the self-supporting structure is of the modular type to allow it to be placed side by side to define the base surface of the floor to be made.

According to a further variant, the self-supporting structure is of the modular type to allow easy modularity.

According to a further variant, the upper cavities have a smaller cross section than that of the cross section of the lower compartments. In this way, the amount of concrete that must be poured to cover the support beams is reduced, with a consequent reduction in the overall weight of the floor.

The shape of the cross section of the upper cavities can be substantially rectangular, trapezoidal or curved or other.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the base plate also comprises a plurality of transverse ribs, arranged substantially orthogonal to the stiffening ribs, which define cavities transverse to the upper cavities defined by the stiffening ribs.

According to a variant, in the transverse cavities it is possible to place one or more supporting beams, for example connecting the longitudinal beams.

In a variant embodiment, the lower compartments are open towards the outside and allow, in this way, to place electrical, hydraulic or other plant parts inside them, thus to the advantage of the thickness of the floor obtained.

The stiffening ribs and the transversal ribs define a grid frame which allows, even in subsequent phases to those of the project, to be able to make holes or through openings in the floor, without compromising its resistance.

In this way, on the lower surface of the base plate, compartments closed on the perimeter are formed, inside which plant parts can be passed.

The supporting beams are integral with the base plate by welding, or by means of mechanical connection. In this case, the base plate is advantageously made of metallic material, for example of sheet metal, preferably of steel.

According to a variant, the upper and transverse cavities are all of the same height.

According to a further variant, the upper and transverse cavities have different heights.

The base plate, according to a variant, is made of concrete, for example fiber-reinforced or with other materials such as, for example, thermoplastics, or carbon-based.

It is in the spirit of the invention to provide that the surface of the base plate which remains visible can have particular finishes or be pre-colored.

The present invention also includes a process for manufacturing the self-supporting structure for floors which comprises a first step in which the base plate is shaped to form stiffening ribs which define upper cavities and a second step during which a plurality of support beams they are arranged in said upper cavities to cooperate with said base plate and subsequently joined together.

Furthermore, part of the present invention is a process for manufacturing floors which comprises a step for manufacturing the self-supporting structure of the type described here, a step for positioning and fixing said self-supporting structure on constructive supporting elements, such as pillars, beams or the like, and a third step of casting concrete on the upper surface to fill the upper cavities and incorporate the supporting beams.

ILLUSTRATION OF DRAWINGS

These and other characteristics of the present invention will become clear from the following description of a preferential embodiment, given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the attached drawings in which:

- fig. 1 is a perspective view of a self-supporting structure for the construction of floors according to the present invention;

- fig. 2 is a cross section of fig. 1;

- figs. 3, 4 and 5 are schematic views of variants of the self-supporting structure of fig. 1;

- fig. 6 is a perspective view of a variant embodiment of the self-supporting structure of fig. 1;

- figs. 7 and 8 are perspective views of two other embodiments of the self-supporting structure of fig.

6;

- fig. 9 is a section of an enlarged detail of fig. 8;

- fig. 10 is a section of an enlarged detail of fig. 8, according to another variant of the invention.

To facilitate understanding, identical reference numbers have been used wherever possible to identify identical common elements in the figures. It should be understood that elements and features of one embodiment can be conveniently incorporated into other embodiments without further specification.

DESCRIPTION OF SOME PREFERENTIAL FORMS OF

REALIZATION

With reference to fig. 1, a self-supporting structure 10 for the construction of floors, according to the present invention, comprises an oblong base plate 11, on which a plurality of support beams 12, in this case three, is fixed, in a manner that will be described below, consisting, for example, of reticular beams shaped like a lattice, of a known type.

The base plate 11 is, in this case, advantageously made of steel, with a prevalently longitudinal extension along a longitudinal axis X, having a length even greater than 10 meters, for example between 12 and 15 meters, and a width L ( fig. 2) of a few meters (for example 2.40 m). The base plate 11 (fig. 1) is shaped so as to have longitudinal stiffening ribs 13, which extend parallel to the longitudinal axis X and which are spaced at regular intervals along the width L.

The longitudinal ribs 13 significantly increase the stiffness of the base plate 11 and make the structure 10 self-supporting. Furthermore, each longitudinal rib 13 defines a cavity 16, on the side of the upper surface 15 of the base plate 11 and, on the opposite surface, lower compartments 17, of a substantially larger size than that of the cavity 16. In particular, each lower compartment 17 it has an average width B which is greater than an average width S of the cavity 16. The overall height H of the base plate 11, including the longitudinal ribs 13, is between about 100 mm and 200 mm.

In the present case, the cavities 16 and the lower compartments 17 have a trapezoidal cross section, even if, in other embodiments, the shape can be different, such as for example rectangular or curved.

The lower compartments 17, when the structure 10 is in place, can be closed in known ways, for example, with plasterboard false ceilings and define large spaces within which electrical, hydraulic, or electrical system parts can be passed. other type.

Each support beam 12 (figs. 1 and 2) includes, for example, two upper beams 20 and "V" -shaped connecting cores 21 and has a height A which, depending on the needs, is equal, lower or higher at the height H of the base plate 11.

The connecting cores 21 are arranged opposite each other and symmetrically inclined and the respective apexes are connected, by welding, to each other and to the two upper currents 20 to define the support beam 12.

The free ends of the connecting cores 21 are connected to the bottom of the respective cavities 16, by welding, to define the structure 10.

According to some variants, represented in figs. 3, 4 and 5, the support beams 12 can have different configurations from the one described above. In particular, the support beam 12 (fig. 3) comprises two upper beams 20 to which connecting cores 21 are welded, which in turn are welded to a flat steel plate 22, fixed to the bottom of the cavity 16. Alternatively (fig. 4), the upper beams 20 are replaced by a second flat upper plate 23.

According to another variant (fig. 5), the support beam 12 comprises two lower beams 25 and an upper flat plate 23 in steel to which the connecting cores 21 are welded. In this case, the lower beams 25 are arranged on the bottom of cavity 16 and are fixed in the manner described above.

It is also clear that many other types of support beams can be used, with other configurations, without thereby departing from the scope of the invention. Figs. 6 to 8 show a variant embodiment of a self-supporting structure, according to the present invention, which is indicated for convenience with the reference number 110. The structure 110 (fig. 6) also in this case comprises a base plate 111 and support beams 112 of the reticular type.

The base plate 111 is shaped so as to have both longitudinal ribs 113 which extend parallel to the longitudinal axis X, and transverse ribs 130 which extend substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal ribs 116.

The longitudinal ribs 113 and the transverse ribs 130 define, from the side of the upper surface 115 of the base plate 111, respectively longitudinal cavities 116 and transverse cavities 131, while, on the opposite surface, they define lower compartments 117 perimetrically closed of substantially rectangular section and which subsequently they can be filled with thermal or acoustic insulators or that will allow the passage of any plant parts, or, in still other construction solutions, they can be left exposed to provide an aesthetic reason for the floor.

In the present case, the longitudinal cavities 116 and transverse 131 have the same height even if it is not excluded that, in other embodiments, said height may be different for the longitudinal cavities 116 and for the transverse ones 131.

The support beams 112 are fixed to the bottom of the longitudinal ribs 113 and of the transverse ribs 130 similarly to what has been described above, and define a grid frame which allows, even in subsequent phases to the design, to be able to make through holes or openings in the attic, without compromising its resistance.

The aforementioned support beams 112 can have both a structural function and a connecting function of the support beams 112 arranged in the longitudinal cavities 116. In other embodiments, moreover, in the aforementioned transverse cavities 131, the arrangement of support beams is not provided 112, in this case in fact, the transverse ribs 130 have the sole function of increasing the stiffness of the supporting structure 110.

In other embodiments of the present invention (fig.

7), the upper surface 115 of the base plate 111 has projections 132 protruding towards the upper surface 115 so as to further increase the volume defined by the lower compartment 117.

In still other embodiments (fig. 8), the free ends of the respective connecting cores 121 are welded on two lower struts 133 so that respective ends of opposite connecting cores 121 are respectively welded to a lower stringer 133.

In this case, the base plate 111, on the side walls that define the longitudinal and transverse cavities 116 and 131, is provided with through holes made at regular intervals which allow the insertion of stop rods 135 of the support beams 112 (fig. .

9).

The fixing of the support beams 112 can also take place in different ways, for example it is possible to weld the two lower beams 133 at regular intervals to the respective bottoms of the longitudinal 116 and transverse 131 cavities, or it is also possible to fix them in other ways, such as by means of nailing or with mechanical fixing means.

In fig. 10, a further mode of arrangement and fastening of the support beams 112 in the respective transverse and longitudinal cavities 131, 116 is represented. In particular, some support beams 112 are arranged inside the transverse cavities 131 for their entire length while, other support beams 112, of predefined length and equal to the distance between two transverse cavities 131, are arranged in the longitudinal cavities 116 and connected to each other, on site, by overlapping reinforcing rods 136.

In still other embodiments of the present invention, the base plate 111 can be made of concrete, advantageously fiber-reinforced, or with thermoplastic or carbon-based materials, in which, during the manufacturing step of the latter, the metal structures 112 are integral with the base plate 111 by drowning, at least partially, the lower beams 133. In the latter case, the base plate 111, on the surface opposite to the upper surface 115, which is visible on site, may have desired finishes.

The process for making a self-supporting structure 10, 110 of the type described above comprises a first step in which the base plate 11, 111 is shaped to form the stiffening ribs 13, 113, 130 which define the cavities 16, 116 and 131, and a second step which consists in positioning the support beams 12, 112 inside the cavities 16, 116, 131. The support beams 12, 112 thus positioned can be subsequently structurally fixed to the base plate 11, 111 with the methods described above.

Thanks to the particular geometric conformations of the self-supporting structures 10, 110 described above, these are modular and combinable with each other, in which each module has standardized or predetermined dimensions.

According to a variant of the method described above, after the support beams 12, 112 are fixed with the base plate 11, 111, a concrete casting 26 is distributed inside the cavities 16, 116 and / or 131 (fig. 3) which can partially or completely fill them (fig. 4). This operation can be carried out directly in the factory in order to fix the support beams 12, 112 to the base plate 11, 111.

The process for manufacturing floors with the self-supporting structure 10, 110, according to the present invention, comprises a step for making the self-supporting structure 10, 110 as described above, a step for positioning and subsequent fixing of the self-supporting structure 10, 110 on elements supporting constructions such as pillars, columns, walls or beams and a third step of casting concrete on the upper surface 15, 115 to fill the cavities 15, 115, and 131 and to also incorporate the aforementioned support beams.

In this way, a greater quantity of concrete is cast in correspondence with the support beams 12, 112 to form load-bearing reinforced beams, while in correspondence with the lower compartments 17 and 117, the quantity of concrete cast will be considerably lower than the thickness H of the plate base 11, 111. The thickness of the concrete layer distributed on the base plate 11, 111, and the volume defined by the cavities 16, 116, 131 are a function of the static and REI resistance determined by design parameters. It is clear that modifications and / or additions of parts can be made to the structure and to the related manufacturing process of the self-supporting structure 10, 110 and of the floors described up to now, without thereby departing from the scope of the invention.

For example, the base plate 11, 111 can have possible hooking or fixing means, such as, for example, pre-holes 137 (fig. 9) which allow the fixing of any accessories such as hooks for suspended elements such as hangers, false ceilings, chandeliers or other.

Claims (1)

CLAIMS 1.Structure for the construction of floors comprising a base plate (11; 111) of the self-supporting type having an upper surface (15; 115) with which a plurality of support beams (12; 112) cooperate and capable of supporting a concrete casting, characterized in that said base plate (11; 111) is shaped so as to have a plurality of stiffening ribs (13; 113) which define a plurality of upper cavities (16; 116) inside which they cooperate the support beams (12; 112) and at least one lower compartment (17; 117) for lightening between said upper cavities (16; 116). 2. Structure as in claim 1, characterized in that said stiffening ribs (13, 113) are arranged substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis (X) of said base plate (11, 111). 3. Structure as in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cross section of each of said upper cavities (16; 116) is smaller than that of said lower compartment (17; 117). 4. Structure as in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that said base plate (111) also comprises transverse ribs (130) arranged substantially orthogonal to said plurality of stiffening ribs (13, 113) and which define transverse cavities (131). 5. Structure as in claim 4, characterized in that at least one of said supporting and / or connecting beams (112) cooperate inside said transverse cavities (131). 6. Structure as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said lower compartments (17; 117) are open towards the outside. 7. Structure as in claim 4 or 5, characterized in that said upper cavities (116) and said transverse cavities (131) have the same height. 8. Structure as in claim 4 or 5, characterized in that said upper cavities (116) and said transverse cavities (131) have different heights. 9. Structure as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said base plate (11; 111) is made of metallic material. 10. Structure as in claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said base plate (11; 111) is made of concrete. 11. Structure as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is of the modular type. 12. Structure as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is of the modular type 13. Structure as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said support beams (12; 112) are integral with said base plate (11; 111). 14. Process for making a self-supporting structure (10; 110) for floors, characterized in that it comprises a first step in which a base plate (11; 111) is shaped to form stiffening ribs (13; 113, 130) which define upper cavities (16; 116, 131), and a second phase during which a plurality of support beams (12; 112) are arranged in said upper cavities (16; 116, 131) to cooperate with said base plate ( 11; 111) and in solidarity. 15. Process for making slabs, characterized in that it comprises a first step of making a self-supporting structure (10; 110) as in any one of the preceding claims, a second step of positioning and fixing said self-supporting structure (10; 110) on constructive support elements, such as pillars, beams or the like, and a third step of casting concrete on said upper surface (15; 115) to fill said upper cavities (16; 116, 131) and incorporate said support beams (12 ; 112).