ITUB20156861A1 - EXOTHERMIC MOTOR WITH DIRECT STEAM GENERATION OF ELECTRONIC WATER INJECTION - Google Patents

Description

EXOTHERMAL ENGINE WITH DIRECT GENERATION OF STEAM WITH ELECTRONIC WATER INJECTION.

SUMMARY

It is a steam engine without boiler, single or multi-cylinder, low pressure fueled by gas (LPG, methane, hydrogen) for cogeneration, for domestic and non-domestic use, of electronically controlled electrical and thermal energy.

DESCRIPTION

In the next twenty years we will certainly be forced to lower the levels of global pollution due to the combustion by-products of endothermic, exothermic and other machines, in order not to worsen the delicate balance of confirmed global warming, which is slow to react but acts. Considering the unforgivable technological delay in the alternative and propulsive energy sector (to do more research in this sector and less for “mobile phones”) we also rediscover innovative steam engines to partially solve the problem. Current cogenerators (of the electric and thermal type) are generally driven by internal combustion engines, fueled by naphtha, petrol, gas, but also by stirling, turbine, steam engines, etc. . Many and different solutions but all in common have a list of defects that limit their use. The most advanced and perfected have superior characteristics and yields but they are certainly more expensive and this is very important because they limit their diffusion.

The invention introduces innovative concepts on a new type of steam engine which aims above all at

Lower:

- pollution: due to the emission of combustion by-products at high temperatures for the environment, and indirectly to various maintenance, eg. replacement of mufflers, cooling fluids, etc .;

- noise: due to the gas explosion and expansion phase, as well as to many moving mechanical parts (distribution, fan, etc.);

- complexity: due to valves / distribution, ignition control units, tensors, servo assistance mechanisms, starter motors and various pumps, as well as electronic ones everywhere;

- higher costs: due to the irrational architecture and configurations of the processed and pre-tested components, as well as the use of special and sophisticated materials; - extra maintenance: due to the complexity and possible defects of the machine;

- consumption: due to the total efficiency of the engines, certainly still very low for all types of known endothermic engines, or known as experimental prototypes; - dimensions / weight: due to the architecture and technical solutions chosen during the design phase.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FOUND

In the drawing of fig. 1 tab. 1 we have seen in section only the head / cylinder unit of a completely normal steam engine, in the crankcase not shown, a traditional four-stroke petrol or diesel engine.

The cylinder C1_, fig. 1 tab, 1, made with an anti-corrosion alloy (special cuprailumini) is not equipped with cavities or jets for forced cooling considering the low operating temperatures, and is fixed by means of the screws Vt to the BS1 base. C1. fig. 1 tab. 1, is equipped with two holes, the first at the bottom is a low pressure steam discharge port (LS) with relative expander connection duct (RE), fixed to the cylinder with screws, which leads to the steam condenser. The second at the top is an oblique hole with stop (F1) which houses, together with a compression ring, the stem of the water injector] JN, fixed with the relative bracket equipped with SF screw.

The PI piston, with the crown above the hollow head, completes the lower part of the unit. In the upper part of fig. 1 tab. 1 we naturally have the head XI which is itself the essential and characterizing element of this steam engine and includes: the base body of the radiant heat head (T1) which closes, by means of the special thermal insulating gasket GR, the cylinder CI blocked with screws V2 to the same.

The lower part of TI, fig, 1 tab. 2, is a multi coaxial radiant heat head with large surface and a type of configuration to obtain maximum heat exchange and maximum vapor pressure in the direction of the concave piston crown, avoiding harmful offset back pressures, due to the cylinder walls (C1 ) in the expansion phase, which would worsen the silence and performance.

The upper part of ΤΊ, fig. 1 tab. 1, is a cylinder that encloses the catalytic combustion chamber and is composed of:

- circular PC multilayer catalytic panel, with axial shimming for smoke outlet;

- gas mixer / diffuser (MGA);

- TK temperature "guard" thermocouple;

- sparked high voltage electrode / EA igniter;

- air inlet cap with GIN fitting;

- COUT annular smoke outlet cap;

- thermometric probe for temperature difference control with external / internal TK STE; - MTl thermal insulation material.

all housed, arranged and fixed in coaxial configuration, inspect them from above. On plate 1 fig. 1 the abbreviations AP, PI, ST, GAS, EHT, TEM, indicate:

AP → pressure water supply pipe to the injector;

PI → electrical piloting of the injector from the electronics;

ST → thermocouple probe signal output (TK) which serves the electronics;

- GAS → modulated gas supply (fuel) to the mixer / diffuser;

- EHT → extra high voltage for the combustor ignition scintillator;

- TEM → external head temperature probe output signal of “T1”, STE.

FUNCTIONING DESCRIPTION OF THE FOUND

It is very intuitive,

the piston (P1), fig. 1 tab. 1, by the P.M.l. goes up the cylinder (C1), and at about - 142 degrees closes the steam exhaust port (LS), at - 120 degrees, depending on the number of revolutions, and cylinder head temperature, the injector (IN) will nebulize water in the cylinder (C1) dosed and de-energized, lowering the internal temperature, partially creating a depression, in the subsequent phase of the piston rising there will be a compression, therefore an increase in temperature which will have its "peak" in the TDC. where there will be the maximum heat exchange with the radiant heat head (T1) whose surface is at 380 degrees centigrade, and direct generation of high pressure steam 12/15 bar which in the expansion will push the piston (P1) downwards, losing partly the temperature, which will have its minimum potential duty cycle when uncovering the steam exhaust port (LS), where further expanded by the RE fitting will immediately begin the condensation process in the RC radiator fig. 1 tab. 4, where the water will be recovered and the cycle will be repeated in two stages.

The pre-settings of the injection of water into the cylinder CI by] N are electronic both in terms of duration and flow rate, optimizing the ratio, which will be automatic at dynamic regime.

OPERATIONAL PHASES

Phase 1: ignition command [ON] on the control panel, the CEC electronic control unit fig. 1 tab. 4, carries out a self-diagnosis, and diagnosis of the peripherals (batt. Voltage * water pump motor, thermocouple, temperature probe, injector impedance, lost rtwgas probe, heating resistance of the catalyst in the infrared version, etc.) and immediately, if everything is ok, the program opens the gas safety valve (VGS), fig. 1 tab. 4, and with a delay of a few seconds the motorized valve (VGM) that regulates the ignition gas pressure of the mixer / diffuser (MGA), instantly the scintillator electrode (EA) ignites the gas / air mix and starts the combustion process in the catalyst (PC). The thermocouple probe (TK) "reveals" the temperature rising in the bottom of the combustion chamber of XI together with the external temperature probe (STE) of XI and the difference of the two values must always be consistent, otherwise the process will "block" and the closure of the safety gas valve VGS and VGM. From electronic programming, reached from X1 185 degrees centigrade the machine can already be started but it is good to wait for the illumination of a green LED that indicates the minimum operating temperature of the radiant head of heat XI, which is about 380 degrees centigrade ( modulable), and can be easily brought over 500 degrees with specific electronic calibrations, with all the advantages on the increase of the number of revolutions and response to accelerations.

The temperature on XI fig. 1 tab. 1 is kept continuously modulated by the combined feedback circuit TK STE VGM;

Phase 2: engine start

takes place with a potentiometer, manual or pedal from the zero position stopped at choice of higher values that go to control, through the electronics, the flow rate of the water injection of IN into the cylinder (C1) which will determine power and revolutions, which they will remain constant after adjustment, even with different loads because they are stabilized by the position sensor (SP) fig. 1 tab. 4, mounted to detect degrees of angle and revolutions of an incremental wheel mounted in axis on the crankshaft of this engine;

Phase 3: engine shutdown

By setting the reg. acceleration, and ignition command to [OFF], in this case the safety valves VGS VGM are closed so it is no longer waiting.

NOTE

1) The cylinder (C1) can also be made with stainless steel or ceramic materials, the radiant head (T1) with Cu-Ni-Si alloys and others;

2) It is essential to use demineralized or rain water to feed the injector | N or injectors;

3) The starter motor is essential in the single-cylinder engine ... not in the multi-cylinder engines which are an advantageous solution for other aspects as well;

4) The piston (P1) has sealing bands also in the lower part to prevent any oil vapor emulsion on the condenser, but lubrication on the base with the same condensate vapor is being studied;

5) The advance of water injection into the cylinder by | N is, of course, in relation to the engine revolutions and the relative temperature of the XI multi coaxial radiant head with a mem algorithm. on electronics;

6) The modulation of the temperature of the radiant head (T1) is obviously dependent on the demand for power and rpm, and automatically drops to 140 degrees centigrade, adjustable, if there is no load;

7) Thermal energy can be recovered from the vapor condenser (RC), fig. 1 tab. 4 (protection is requested for the motor only, not for the cogenerator);

8) The electronics power supply is 12 V. from a battery recharged by the same electric generator operated;

9) Naturally, an ambient gas detector is provided, and CO <2>;

10) A series of devices (condensate water filter, depressors, taps, thermal insulation caps, etc.); not described have secondary functions;

11) 1 drawings of tables 3 and 4 depict mechanical details and the overall diagram of the electrical and hydraulic connections of the motor with the peripheral units, enslaved or in service.

Claims (1)

CLAIMS 1. Exothermic engine without boiler, with direct production of steam, with electronic water injection, single or multi-cylinder at low and high pressure, fed with several types of gas for domestic cogeneration and not electronically controlled electrical and thermal energy comprising: a crankcase (BS1), fig. 1 tab. 1, with traditional crankshaft, on which the piston / cylinder unit (P1) (C1) is fixed, the latter equipped with steam exhaust port (LS) and water injection hole (F1) with relative injector (IN) and closes the expansion chamber (C1) a multi-coaxial radiant heat head (T1) brought to temperature by a catalytic burner composed of catalytic panel (PC) diffuser mixer (MGA) electrode scintillator (EA) thermocouple (TK), air inlet manifold (CIN), flue gas outlet manifold (COUT), temperature probe (STE) all housed on TI's upper coaxial barrel, protected by thermal dispersion hood (CA) components all enslaved by dedicated electronics (CEC), the following peripheral components complete the operation of the unit: condenser radiator (RC), high pressure water pump (PA) with relative water reserve tank (RA), safety gas valve (VGS), motorized gas valve (VGM) air filter (FA) electronic control unit (CEC), fig, 1 tab. 4. II. Steam engine without electronic water injection boiler, according to claim n. I characterized by having a multi-coaxial radiant heat head with a particular complex configuration (T1) to obtain the maximum pressure and direction of thrust of the steam in the crown of the concave piston (Pt); IN. Steam engine according to claim no. The, characterized by having a multi-coaxial heat radiant head hosting a multilayer catalyst panel (PC) fed to various types of gas in the combustion chamber, and this other different solution with infrared (radiation) emission catalyst ceramic panel; IV. Low and high temperature, low and high pressure boilerless steam engine characterized in that according to claim no. I, an electronic water injector (IN) on the cylinder body (C1) for power supply and modulation of power and revolutions, powered by a high pressure water pump (PA) operated by a servo-assisted electric motor; V. Steam engine according to claim n, I in the complete mechanical and electronic configuration characterized as by all that is described that I claim and is depicted in the attached tables.