RU2610081C1 - Engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the area of engine construction, particularly, to the piston and rotor prechamber internal combustion engines. The matter of the invention lies in the fact that the engine contains a cylinder, a piston, and a swirl spherical chamber connected to the cylinder via a channel directed angularly to the piston bottom and performed in the form of a diffuser or a Laval nozzle. There is an ignitor installed in the swirl chamber, and the chamber itself has a detachable spiral heater located on the external surface of a chamber insertion casing. The insertion casing is equipped with a temperature gauge, and the Laval nozzle is performed in the insertion and has a bevel cut. In the case of allocation of several nozzles in the chamber, they are oriented angularly to each other providing jet impingements of dispensed components. A bush made of a catalyst may be installed in the insert casing. A microwave magnetron or a thermal pulse laser may be installed in the chamber.

EFFECT: invention allows increasing efficiency of engine performance.

4 cl, 16 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely to engine building, in particular to reciprocating or rotary internal combustion engines, mainly with a vortex chamber or pre-chamber, having a divided combustion chamber.

A known engine including a cylinder (s), pistons, fingers, a crank mechanism with a crankshaft, valves, a manifold, a block, a block head, in which a vortex chamber is made, most often having the shape of a sphere connected to the cylinder by a channel directed under some angle to the piston bottom, with a fuel supply device, for example a nozzle, having a glow plug in the form of a candle located in the hole in the upper part of the chamber and an uncooled liner made of heat-resistant steel, which serves as a heat accumulator, I perceive they heat in the combustion process and to give it in the compression process. There is also a locking bolt for fixing the liner. Due to the heating of the liner, the temperature of the working mixture at the end of compression increases and the delay period of ignition of the fuel is reduced. This ensures the stability of the workflow at variable speeds and loads.

However, engines with a vortex chamber have an increased fuel consumption, which is explained by additional heat losses in the vortex chamber and hydraulic losses due to the flow of gases from the vortex chamber to the cylinder and vice versa (see Itskovich AM Fundamentals of Heat Engineering. M. Vysshaya Shkola Publishing House, 1970, p. . 261-262).

A channel in the form of a pipe connecting the spherical chamber to the cylinder of the engine causes large energy losses during the flow of gases through it.

An incandescent spiral in the form of a candle, which is mainly an ignition device (ignition device), is not effective enough to heat the volume of the spherical chamber (in addition to heating the insert with combustion products), since it is a local, point source of heat.

When hydrocarbons are burned (gasoline, diesel fuel), hydrogen atoms, when combined with oxygen atoms of the air, form water in the form of steam, the formation of which also requires heat taken from the calorific value of the fuel.

Also known is a rotary engine according to patent document ES 2387373 A1, publ., September 20, 2012, for use with alternative fuels - vegetable oil using water, including a stator, one or more rotors, a pre-chamber with a shape close to spherical, tapering a channel for connecting the prechamber to the working cavity of the rotor, a glow plug, an injector for supplying vegetable oil, an injector for supplying water. The presence of two injectors expands the range of applied fuels, for example, alternative ones, including those using water.

A narrowing channel, like a hose, forms a stream of gases, increases the speed of the combustion products at the cut and the range of their emission, however, it has an increased resistance when gases flow through the channel.

The glow plug, which is mainly an ignition device (ignition device) is not effective enough to heat the volume of the spherical chamber (in addition to heating the insert with combustion products), as it is a local, point source of heat.

In addition to consuming heat for vaporization during the oxidation of fuel in an engine, this patent also requires an additional significant amount of heat for vaporization of water specially supplied from a separate injector.

In both of the above patents, heat may also be required for the evaporation of that water, a certain amount of which may be present in both fuel and air.

The calorific value of the fuel is reduced, since part of the heat of combustion is expended in the evaporation of water.

Also known is an internal combustion engine according to the author's certificate of the USSR 942214 F02B 10/16, publ. 02/07/1982, containing a fuel supply nozzle installed in the cylinder head and a spherical vortex chamber formed by the surfaces of the cylinder head and inserts having a channel tangentially directed to the chamber sphere and located opposite the fuel nozzle. The channel is made expanding in the form of a diffuser with rectilinear side walls. The rectilinear side walls of the diffuser also cause significant energy losses.

The need for high-quality atomization of fuel and mixing it with air, the desire to distribute fuel as evenly as possible in the chamber volume to increase the completeness of combustion of the combustible mixture, requires the injection of fuel from nozzles under high pressure, which leads to significant structural and operational difficulties. Therefore, prechamber engines and vortex chamber engines are created. However, these engines have a slightly increased fuel consumption, which is explained by additional heat losses in the vortex chamber and energy losses due to the flow of gases from the vortex chamber to the cylinder and vice versa. The above known engines fully have these disadvantages.

Also known engine according to patent document DE 2387374 A1, publ. 08/25/1977, including a cylinder (s), pistons, fingers, a crank mechanism with a crankshaft, valves, a manifold, a block, a block head in which a swirl chamber is made having a sphere shape connected to the cylinder by a channel directed under at a certain angle to the piston bottom, spark plug, fuel supply device, liner with a channel connecting the spherical chamber to a cylinder made in the form of a Laval nozzle.

The use of a Laval nozzle helps to accelerate the flow of gas from a spherical chamber to the cylinder due to the high velocity of the outflow of gases.

Also known engine according to patent document JPS 5489136 publ. 07/14/1979 (see abstract, drawings) having a hemispherical vortex chamber turning into a cylindrical or into a section with a curvilinear generatrix, in which the liner receives not only heat from the combustion products during combustion (and gives it up during compression) , but also from electrical resistance ("exothermic body"), spirally located from the center to the periphery of the liner on the bottom of the chamber and around the channel, directed at a certain angle to the piston bottom (Fig. A) or radially from the center to the periphery (Fig. B) . Electrical resistance is also installed on the surface of the plot with a curved generatrix (Fig. 3). The electrical resistance in the form of a spiral is made integrally with the insert made in the form of a lining, forming a "exothermic body" - a heater. From the abstract of the above patent document it follows that the specified exothermic body replaces the glow plug ("Glow Plag).

In this engine, the air flows during compression from the cylinder into the chamber through the heated channel.

In this case, by heating the channel and the peripheral part of the lower chamber wall, the fuel evaporates intensively, vortex formation is enhanced, diffusion and atomization of the fuel are improved, which helps to accelerate ignition and improve engine starting.

However, the manufacture of electrical resistance, which is a heating element, in the form of a spiral integrally with the liner, made in the form of a lining, reduces heat transfer from the exothermic body to gases, since the lining delays the heat flux, it is difficult technologically.

If electrical resistance (spiral) fails, it becomes necessary to replace the liner as a whole. To replace the liner for at least one cylinder, you have to completely remove the block head, and this is a laborious and responsible operation. Maintainability of the product is reduced, operating costs are increased.

This technical solution was taken as the closest analogue of the claimed invention.

The task of the invention is to create an engine with a swirl chamber, providing the following technical results:

- improvement of heat transfer conditions in comparison with the analogue and a further decrease in heat loss during the supply of air from the cylinder to the vortex chamber, as a result of which a further decrease in fuel consumption in this case;

- increasing the temperature of heating the air when it is supplied from the cylinder to the vortex chamber, as well as the temperature of the products of evaporation, combustion when moving in the opposite direction, their enthalpy (heat content), bringing these parameters to high energy indicators, and in the case of using alternative fuel using water - to the state of water in the form of superheated steam with a temperature of about 400 ... 500 ° C. The saturated steam obtained at lower temperatures, depending on the degree of dryness, can have a significant moisture content in the form of the smallest drops of water containing various salts that precipitate on surfaces, reducing the cross sections and impairing heat transfer;

- improving the uniformity of the distribution of fuel in the volume of the spherical chamber, improving the conditions of vortex formation in it, mixing fuel components, their evaporation, combustion;

- reduction of energy loss during the movement of gases from a spherical chamber into the cylinder through the channel;

- Improving the operation of the channel in transition modes;

- improving manufacturability and maintainability, reducing operating costs.

To solve this problem, an engine is proposed, for example, a cylinder-piston engine containing a cylinder (s), pistons, fingers, a crank mechanism with a crankshaft, valves, a manifold, a block, a block head, in which a swirl chamber is made, having, for example, the shape of a sphere or close to it, formed by the surfaces of the head of the block and the liner having a channel for connected to the cylinder, directed tangentially to the spherical chamber, for example, at a right or some angle to the piston bottom, made, for example, in the form of a diff a gap or a Laval nozzle, an ignition device (igniter) in the form of an electric glow plug (Glow Plug), or a pulsed electric spark spark plug (Spark Plug) depending on the type of fuel used, a locking bolt for fixing the liner, the heater of which, according to the claimed invention, made in the form of a spiral heater located on the outer surface of the liner body and can be made removable as a boiler or a type of electric stove spiral closed by separate removable insulators, with The liner body receives heat controlled by a temperature sensor, such as a thermocouple, not only from combustion products, but also from a spiral heater, a sealing gasket is installed in the connector between the upper end of the liner and the end of the head housing of the spherical chamber, the channel for connecting the spherical chamber to the cylinder is made in the form of a diffuser with concave curved walls or a nozzle, for example, Laval and placed in a liner heated by a spiral heater, while the Laval nozzle is made with an oblique cut with cutting angle in the intervals from 30 to 45 degrees when the nozzle is tilted to the right and from 65 to 89 degrees when the nozzle is tilted to the left.

According to the claimed invention, the liner body, the upper body of the spherical chamber have a channel, channels, or a cavity for supplying the working fluid to the nozzles, and when several nozzles are located in the spherical chamber, they are oriented at an angle to each other in the direction, for example, to the central zone of the chamber, providing collision of jets of sprayed components (component).

According to the claimed invention, a thermal pulsed laser is installed in the spherical chamber as an incendiary device, a catalyst insert located opposite the nozzle is installed in the liner body, a microwave magnetron can be installed, and the lower part of the liner has a cut (slices) to fix the liner from turning around the vertical axis .

According to the claimed invention, the spherical chamber is taken out of the head of the block and is made a separate unit.

When implementing the invention, high-quality, finely dispersed atomization of the fuel components in the volume of the spherical chamber is ensured, mixing them with each other, with air, the conditions for evaporation and combustion of the vapors of the components forming the combustible mixture are improved, and heat losses during the flow of relatively cold air from the cylinder to the vortex are minimized the chamber during the compression stroke and during the movement of combustion products in the opposite direction during the working stroke, increasing the energy, thermal parameters of the working fluid, ohm, in the case of the use of alternative fuel using water before it is brought into the state in the form of superheated steam, the losses of the calorific value of the fuel for evaporation of water during hydrocarbon oxidation, its presence or when it is supplied are compensated, the hydraulic losses that occur when air flows from the cylinder to the spherical chamber and gases back, the starting and working processes are accelerated, the engine power and speed are increased, the consumption of fuel components is reduced, the performance of the rem is improved ntoprigodnosti, reduced operating costs, which is explained as follows.

Additional heating of the working fluid, its higher energy thermal parameters is ensured by installing a heating element in the form of a spiral like a boiler or a spiral of electric stove on the outer surface of the liner body (excluding wiring, which absorbs heat itself, has a large thermal resistance and reduces the heat flux from the actual air spirals when it is supplied from the cylinder to the vortex chamber). This provides a higher temperature of the air coming from the cylinder into the vortex chamber, therefore, more intensive evaporation of the working fluid and its more complete combustion, which improves with increasing temperature.

Additional heating of the working fluid — diesel fuel, alternative fuel, including water in front of the nozzles, is also provided by supplying them to the nozzles through the coaxial channel (s) in the heated insert and in the vortex chamber body, or through the communicating cavity between them. When using alternative fuels, for example, vegetable oil, using water, these measures make it possible to bring water parameters to the state of superheated steam.

The joint between the upper end surface of the liner is sealed with a gasket. The presence of the proposed channel (s) or communicating cavity for supplying the working fluid to the nozzles by transferring part of the heat to the working fluid protects the liner and the housing of the vortex chamber from overheating, which is controlled by a thermocouple. In this case, the liner can be made of refractory material, such as ceramic.

Improving the uniformity of the distribution of fuel in the volume of the spherical chamber, improving the mixing conditions of the fuel components, their evaporation and combustion, is ensured by fine atomization of the fuel due to the impact of the fuel jets from the nozzles in the central zone of the chamber.

The use of a diffuser with concave curved side walls reduces energy loss compared to a diffuser with rectilinear side walls. So, in diffusers with constant pressure gradients (P) along the length of the diffuser dp / dx = const or velocity (V) dv / dx = const, a loss reduction of up to 25% can be achieved compared to direct diffusers (see G.N. Abramovich Applied gas mechanics. Publishing house "Science". The main edition of the physical and mathematical literature. M., 1976, S. 451-452.).

Improving the operation of the channel in the form of a nozzle, for example, a Laval connecting the vortex chamber with the cylinder, in cases when the engine is operating in variable modes is also achieved by using a supersonic nozzle with an oblique cut (the cut plane is not perpendicular to the flow axis) with cut angles in the intervals from 30 to 45 degrees when tilted to the right and from 65 to 89 degrees when tilted to the left. The energy losses due to supersonic gas outflow from a nozzle with an oblique cut in alternating regimes turn out to be significantly smaller than in a supersonic nozzle with a direct cut (see S.I. Isaev, V.M. Mironov, V.M. Nikitin, V. I. Khvostov, Fundamentals of Thermodynamics, Gas Dynamics, and Heat Transfer, Moscow, Mashinostroenie, 1968, pp. 185-186).

The use of a microwave magnetron as a heater of the working fluid in the manufacture of a liner of ceramic dielectric material is additionally provided, for example, in the case of alternative components using water. Microwaves cause vibrations of water molecules, and the resulting friction of molecules also leads to an increase in temperature.

Improving the manufacturability parameters is achieved through the use of a heating element (spiral) - removable as a boiler or closed with separate insulators of a spiral electric stove, manufactured in series.

Improvement of maintainability and reduction of operating costs is provided due to the implementation of the spherical chamber separate from the head of the unit.

In the analysis of the prior art, no technical solutions have been identified that have a combination of design features similar to the claimed technical solution, which indicates the conformity of the claimed technical solution to the criteria of the invention: “novelty”, “inventive step”.

The claimed technical solution can be used in mechanical engineering, namely in engine building, in particular in reciprocating and rotary internal combustion engines, mainly with a vortex chamber or pre-chamber, having a divided combustion chamber, can be industrially manufactured using standard equipment, which indicates compliance with its criterion "Industrial applicability."

The invention is confirmed by the following description and explanatory drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the engine in section;

In FIG. 2 shows an assembly with a spiral heater assembly;

In FIG. 3 shows a heater coil in the form of a boiler;

In FIG. 4 shows a heater coil in the form of an electric stove;

In FIG. 5 shows a liner channel in the form of a Laval nozzle with an oblique cut;

In FIG. 6 shows a liner channel in the form of a diffuser with curved side walls;

In FIG. 7 shows a vortex chamber with a catalyst insert and an ignition device in the form of a pulsed electric spark plug (section);

In FIG. 8 shows a vortex chamber with an ignition device in the form of a thermal pulsed laser (section);

In FIG. 9 shows a vortex chamber with an insert of a microwave magnetron from a refractory, for example, ceramic dielectric material (section);

In FIG. 10 shows a vortex chamber with an internal channel for supplying fuel to the nozzle and a sealing gasket between the ends of the liner and the upper part of the spherical chamber (section);

In FIG. 11 shows a vortex chamber with an internal cavity for supplying fuel to the nozzle and a sealing gasket between the ends of the liner and the upper part of the spherical chamber (section);

In FIG. 12 shows a section along AA of FIG. eleven;

In FIG. 13 shows a vortex chamber with an internal channel for supplying fuel and an internal channel for supplying an oxidizing agent or water to the corresponding nozzles (section);

In FIG. 14 shows a section along AA of FIG. 13;

In FIG. 15 shows the upper part of the vortex chamber, for example, with three nozzles, to increase the reliability of operation, or one of which, the central one, is used to supply a combustible component, and the extreme ones are used to supply an oxidizing component, for example, when there is a lack of oxygen at a height (in mountainous areas ) - incision;

In FIG. 16 shows a vortex chamber made by a unit separate from the block head (section).

The engine comprises a cylinder (s) 1 with pistons 2, fingers 3, a crank mechanism with a crankshaft (not shown), valves 4, a manifold 5, a head 6 of a block 7 with a water jacket 8, a vortex chamber 9, for example, having the form sphere or close to it, formed by the surfaces of the head 6 and the liner 10 having a channel 11 for connection with the compression chamber 12 of the cylinder 1, directed, for example, tangentially to the spherical vortex chamber 9, at a right or some angle to the piston bottom 2, made for example, in the form of a diffuser or nozzle, in particular La ala, ignition device as an electrical spark filament 13 (Glow Plug) or electro spark plugs (Spark Plug), the fuel supply apparatus 14 as the injector (injector), heater.

The heater is made in the form of an electric spiral heater 15 located on the outer surface of the housing 16 of the liner 10, and can be made removable as a boiler (Fig. 2) or as a type of electric stove closed by separate removable insulators (Fig. 4).

In FIG. 2 shows the assembly of the heater in the form of a boiler, where an insulated wire concentrically worn on a housing 16 of the insert 10 is made in a spiral 15 with leads 17 for connecting power. The heater spiral is shown in FIG. 3.

The housing 16 of the liner 10 has opposite bevels 18 to prevent rotation of the liner around the vertical axis and the displacement of the channel 11 relative to the cylinder 1 (Fig. 2).

In FIG. 4 shows a spiral heater in the form of a spiral electric stove, closed by removable insulators 19 with leads 17 for connecting power. The circular generatrix of the spiral in this case is made by the inner 20 and outer 21 rings. The inner ring 20 spiral heater is put on the housing 16 of the liner.

The end parts of the spiral heater 15 are closed by a cover 22 (Fig. 1), which is attached to the head 6 by bolts 23.

In the upper part of the liner 10, a temperature sensor 24 is installed (Fig. 1), for example, a thermocouple for monitoring and subsequent regulation of the temperature in the vortex chamber 9.

Between the contacting end surfaces of the liner 10 and the head 6 is installed a sealing gasket 25 (Fig. 1).

The channel 11 of the insert 10 can be tilted both to the right side (Fig. 1) and to the left side (Fig. 10), while ensuring that the flow swirls during the compression stroke, respectively, counterclockwise or clockwise. It can be made in the form of a Laval nozzle with an oblique cut (Fig. 5) or in the form of a diffuser with curved side walls (Fig. 6).

When the channel is made in the form of a diffuser with curved side walls, the energy loss can be significantly less compared to diffusers with rectilinear walls.

When the channel is made in the form of a Laval nozzle with an oblique cut with counter-clockwise flow rotation, the nozzle cut-off angle (equal to the angle of inclination) is in the range from 30 to 45 degrees, and when the stream is rotated clockwise, in the range from 60 to 85 degrees. These angles are determined by the location of the vortex chamber 9 relative to the compression chamber 12 of the cylinder 1.

The insert 26 (Fig. 7) of the catalyst is placed in a spherical chamber 9 opposite the nozzle 14 under a stream of atomized fuel, provides catalytic decomposition of the fuel when air is accessed with the release of heat, as is achieved in catalyst engines and catalyst heaters. The products of catalytic decomposition can be ignited by a pulsed electric spark plug 27. The use of a catalyst (for example, vanadium oxide, nickel) can reduce the CO content in exhaust gases.

As a device (initiator) of ignition, a thermal pulsed laser 28 can be used (Fig. 8). Such an ignition device does not have spark contacts like a pulsed electric spark plug, which burn and coke during operation.

As a targeted evaporator of water to compensate for the loss of calorific value of the fuel used to turn water into steam, a microwave magnetron 29 can be used located on the periphery of a spherical vortex chamber 9 (Fig. 9). In this case, the body of the liner 10 is made of heat-resistant ceramic material (dielectric). The microwaves generated by the magnetron cause vibrations of the water molecules contained in the fuel, and the friction of the molecules resulting from this leads to an increase in temperature and the conversion of water to steam.

In FIG. 10, the liner 10, the gasket 25 and part of the head of the block 6, forming a spherical chamber 9 with the liner 10, have a coaxially oriented inner channel 30, which is connected to the supply pipe 31 from the high pressure fuel pump (injection pump - not shown) and to the nozzle pipe 32 14. This provides heating of the fuel and protects the components of the spherical chamber 9 from overheating.

In FIG. 11, the head part 6, forming a spherical chamber 9 with the insert 10, has a circular cavity 33 in cross section, which is connected to the supply pipe 31 from the high-pressure fuel pump (TNVD) and to the pipe 32 of the nozzle 14. This allows to increase the heating intensity of the fuel and cooling efficiency spherical chamber 9 from overheating. The shell of the liner 10 is made of heat-resistant refractory material, for example ceramic. The junction of the ends of the shell 10 and the head of the block 6 in contact with the gasket 25 is made below the center of the spherical chamber 9. This can significantly reduce the length of the junction of the upper part of the head 6 and the liner 10. Reducing the length of this junction reduces the resistance to gas movement along the inner surface of the chamber, vortex formation process.

In the case of alternative working components, for example, fuel using water, two nozzles are installed in the spherical chamber 9, one, for example, 14, for supplying fuel, the other 34, for supplying water (Fig. 13). In this case, to each of the nozzles 14 and 34, internal channels 35 and 36 (Fig. 14) located in the head 6 of block 7, connected to pipelines 31 and 37 of individual high pressure pumps (TNVD), are connected through channels 32 and 38. The nozzles 14 and 34 are mounted at an angle to each other in the direction of their axes to the central zone of the spherical chamber 9, which ensures the impact of the jets of the sprayed components, resulting in a finely dispersed, fine atomization of the components, their best mixing and evaporation.

The installation of three nozzles (Fig. 15) increases the reliability of the engine, since when a failure occurs, for example, when coking one nozzle, its operation is duplicated. It is possible, for example, to supply a combustible component through the central nozzle 14, and an oxidizing component through the extreme nozzles 39 and 40. This may be necessary if there is a lack of oxygen (in mountainous areas). Water can be supplied to the central nozzle 14 through line 41, and fuel to the extreme nozzles 39, 40 through lines 42 and 43. This installation of nozzles also makes it possible to use 9 highly efficient “G” and oxidative “O” components to supply the spherical chamber rocket fuels.

In FIG. 16 shows the implementation of the spherical camera 9 separate from the head 6 of the unit removable node. The upper part 44 of the body of the spherical head is attached to the head of the block 6 by bolts 45. The gasket 25 ensures the tightness of the junction of the body 44 and block 6. This design allows you to remove the spherical chamber during maintenance and repair, without dismantling the entire head of the block 6.

The engine, for example, a cylinder-piston, is operated by supplying fuel from nozzles with a certain advance angle of injection into a spherical chamber 9, into air heated both by compression, and additionally heated by a spiral 15 when passing through channel 11 and in the vortex chamber 9 .

Due to vortex formation, the fuel, when fed into the chamber 9, is intensively mixed with air, vaporized, ignited with a minimum ignition delay and burns with a high burning rate, since the burning intensity increases with increasing temperature. When using water, it evaporates in this case to the state of superheated steam, the pressure of which on the piston, as partial, is added to the pressure of the combustion products.

Through the channel 11, the combustion products and superheated steam are thrown into the compression chamber 12 of the cylinder 1, press on the piston 2, making a stroke. The spherical chamber 9 should be emptied as soon as possible, hydraulic losses in the channel 11 should be minimized, and the speed should be reached as high as possible, which is facilitated by the use of a diffuser with curved side walls and the shape of the walls of the Laval nozzle, expanding along the parabola curve after the critical sections.

With the exhaust stroke, cylinder 1 communicates with the atmosphere, in this case, when using channel 11 in the form of a Laval nozzle with an oblique cut, the speed of the working fluid at the outlet of channel 11 tends to reach the speed of sound. This reduces the time of the exhaust stroke, the cycle as a whole, improves engine speed, helps to reduce the coefficient of residual gases in the cylinder.

Additional heating of cold air when it is supplied through channel 11 and in the vortex chamber 9 reduces heat loss compared to passive heating of the liner by combustion products, as a result, it reduces fuel consumption, it is especially important when starting the engine in the northern regions at low temperatures (to minus 40 ° C, which is regulated by the technical conditions for the machine as the limit). Due to heat transfer through the wall between the spherical chamber 9 and the water jacket 8 (Fig. 1) of the head 6 of the block 7 with the electric coil 15 turned on (Fig. 2), the coolant is heated in the water jacket 8, and the liner with the spiral 15 works as starting heater, ensuring reliable starting and stable operation of the engine.

Claims (5)

1. An engine with a vortex chamber, for example, a cylinder-piston, containing cylinder (s), pistons, fingers, crank mechanism with a crankshaft, valves, manifold, block, block head, vortex chamber, having, for example, the shape of a sphere or close to it, which is connected to the cylinder by a channel directed, for example, tangentially to a spherical chamber, at a right or some angle to the piston bottom, made, for example, in the form of a diffuser or Laval nozzle, an incendiary device (igniter) in the form of an electric glow plug or pulsed electric spark plugs depending on the type of fuel used, locking bolt for fixing the liner, characterized in that the heater is made in the form of a spiral heater located on the outer surface of the vortex chamber liner body and made of a spiral electric stove removable as a boiler or closed by separate removable insulators, while the liner body is equipped with a temperature sensor, for example a thermocouple, the channel for connecting the spherical chamber to the cylinder is made in the form of a diffuser with concave curved walls or a nozzle, and the Laval nozzle has an oblique cut with a cut angle in the intervals from 30 to 45 degrees when inclined th nozzle to the right and from 65 to 89 degrees when the nozzle is tilted to the left and placed in the liner, the heated helical heater. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the liner body, the upper part of the spherical chamber have a channel (s), or a cavity for supplying the working fluid to the nozzles, a sealing gasket is installed in the connector between the upper end of the liner and the end of the head housing of the spherical chamber , the connector can be made below the center of the spherical chamber, and when several nozzles are located in the spherical chamber, they are oriented at an angle to each other in the direction, for example, to the central zone of the spherical chamber providing collision ue jets sputtered components (component). 3. The engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a thermal pulsed laser is installed in the spherical chamber as an incendiary device, a catalyst insert located opposite the nozzle is installed in the liner body, a microwave magnetron can be installed, and the lower part of the liner has a cut (slices) to fix the liner from turning around a vertical axis. 4. The engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spherical chamber is made as a separate unit and is attached to the head of the unit, for example, by means of a bolted connection.

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