ITFI20080159A1 - NETNESS SEPARATOR WITH COMPONENT REUSING. - Google Patents
NETNESS SEPARATOR WITH COMPONENT REUSING. Download PDFInfo
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- ITFI20080159A1 ITFI20080159A1 IT000159A ITFI20080159A ITFI20080159A1 IT FI20080159 A1 ITFI20080159 A1 IT FI20080159A1 IT 000159 A IT000159 A IT 000159A IT FI20080159 A ITFI20080159 A IT FI20080159A IT FI20080159 A1 ITFI20080159 A1 IT FI20080159A1
- Authority
- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- separator
- oven
- products
- evaporated
- separation
- Prior art date
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 244000019459 Cynara cardunculus Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000019106 Cynara scolymus Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000016520 artichoke thistle Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical compound O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000735 allogeneic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000686 essence Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001741 organic sulfur group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015096 spirit Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
- B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
- B07B13/10—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices using momentum effects
- B07B13/11—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices using momentum effects involving travel of particles over surfaces which separate by centrifugal force or by relative friction between particles and such surfaces, e.g. helical sorters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/02—Apparatus for the manufacture
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Description
DESCRIZIONE SEPARATORE DI NET-TEZZA CON RIUTILIZZAZIONE DEI COMPONENTI, DESCRIPTION OF NET-TEZZA SEPARATOR WITH REUSE OF COMPONENTS,
RIASSUNTO: dopo il rompi sacchi, l’essiccatore-cuocitore, il separatore elettromagnetico del ferro, un mulino a ganasce ed uno a martelli per la riduzione a mezzo di vibratore a carciofo; indi un aspiratore separa le parti più leggere. ABSTRACT: after the bag breaker, the dryer-cooker, the electromagnetic iron separator, a jaw mill and a hammer mill for the reduction by means of an artichoke vibrator; then an aspirator separates the lighter parts.
DESCRIZIONE : Oggetto del presente trovato à ̈ un separatore di nettezza con riutilizzazione dei componenti: à ̈ chiaro che si parla di prodotti in sacchi casalinghi, provenienti dalla separazione differenziata raccolta preventivamente; lo scopo à ̈ quello di ottenere polvere di concime. Allo stato attuale della tecnica nessuno aveva pensato di scaldare il concime a temperature superiori a quella di ebollizione dei componenti evaporabili onde ottenere un prodotto macinabile, ma anche evaporati atti a produrre energia termica da riutilizzare nel ciclo produttivo. RM1991-A-435, 203° 1, W094 20232; ES200808 si avvicinavano alla soluzione, ma tutti trattando rifiuti prima della differenziata: in particolare W09420232 taglia fibre (15) (51) e lo granulano (14) per ottenere fibre per carta; ES2008-08 tratta solidi dal differenziato per carta; à ̈ quanto realizzato dai richiedenti nell’impiego di Bibbiena con successo. Nel trovato presente il vibratore a carciofo risolve in esclusiva la separazione dei pesanti in spazio limitato. La temperatura di essiccazione poi à ̈ determinante per il processo in questione, nel senso che la superazione della temperatura di ebollizione ha permesso di raccogliere l’evaporato per ottenerne essenze atte ad essere combuste ed a risparmiare carburante senza produrre le nocive diossine. Veniamo ora ad illustrare in tavola 1 la parte principale del procedimento, salvo poi in tavola 2 illustrare il trattamento dell’evaporato: dopo separazione differenziata il prodotto in sacchi casalinghi scaricato dal camion ( 1 ) viene alla rottura dei sacchi in (3), e convogliamento in (2) al forno a nastro (4), ove la temperatura della nettezza aumenta progressivamente fino a 120° C; l’evaporato passerà al trattamento separato che illustreremo in tavola 2. DESCRIPTION: The object of the present invention is a cleanliness separator with reuse of the components: it is clear that we are talking about products in household bags, coming from the differentiated separation previously collected; the aim is to obtain fertilizer powder. In the current state of the art, no one had thought of heating the fertilizer to temperatures higher than the boiling point of the evaporable components in order to obtain a product that can be ground, but also evaporated to produce thermal energy to be reused in the production cycle. RM1991-A-435, 203 ° 1, W094 20232; ES200808 approached the solution, but all treating waste before sorting: in particular W09420232 cuts fibers (15) (51) and granulates it (14) to obtain fibers for paper; ES2008-08 deals with solids from differentiated paper for paper; This is what the applicants achieved in successfully using Bibbiena. In the present invention, the artichoke vibrator solves exclusively the separation of heavy goods in limited space. The drying temperature is then decisive for the process in question, in the sense that exceeding the boiling temperature has allowed the evaporation to be collected in order to obtain essences capable of being burnt and saving fuel without producing harmful dioxins. We now come to illustrate the main part of the procedure in table 1, and then in table 2 illustrate the treatment of the evaporated product: after differentiated separation, the product in household bags unloaded from the truck (1) breaks the bags in (3), and conveying in (2) to the belt oven (4), where the temperature of the cleaning gradually increases up to 120 ° C; the evaporated product will pass to the separate treatment that we will illustrate in table 2.
Dal forno (4) l’essiccato passa attraverso il separatore ferromagnetico (6) ALLA GRANULAZIONE E MACINAZIONE (8). La separazione delle polveri più pesanti à ̈ sempre un arduo problema, che abbiamo risolto in due modi fra loro concorrenziali: un separatore a scosse inclinato farà avan- . zare la polvere assialmente, mentre l inclinazione laterale del separatore farà fuoriuscire progressivamente di lato i più pesanti, con paratie laterali di contenimento; ma il vibratore a carciofo à ̈ vincente: esso consiste in tanti coni coassiali a conicità progressive, talché il materiale in arrivo in (16) sale lungo il cono centrale grazie all'azione del vibratore (18) contrastata dalle molle di sospensione (19) e delle scanalature elicoidali di risalita fino al bordo superiore dei più pesanti; dei fori nelle scanalature permetteranno ai meno pesanti di passare al cono successivo, la cui conicità più elevata su di un diametro maggiore, permetterà la separazione del successivo meno pesante, e così via nei successivi coni ad apertura viepiù maggiore. Ed à ̈ qui il nocciolo del trovato; il vibratore a scosse finora trasportava verso l’alto, senza poter separare le polveri viepiù pesanti. Nel centro del vibratore a carciofo ricadrà la polvere depurata dai pesanti, mentre la separazione dei leggerissimi potrà avvenire preferenzialmente per aspirazione dalla campana (16); in seconda opzione dal cassone esterno al dispositivo, provvisto di iniezione di aria in pressione, che farà defluire da (22), (23), (24). La polvere così purificata passerà al cassone di raccolta (32) e di lì in (33) all’insaccamento nei sacchi (34) da inviare come concime nei campi. Sia chiaro che si tratta di nitrati, ottimo concime! Per quanto riguarda i vapori uscenti dal forno a nastro di essiccazione, si tratta di una distillazione frazionata, possibile solo con un forno a nastro, nel quale le temperature di essiccazione sono viepiù crescenti, e non da un mero essiccatore rivendicato dà gli altri brevetti; tale trattamento viene ora illustrato in tavola 2: in (9) si vede la corrente di aria calda in arrivo all’inizio del forno (4), avente lo scopo di ossidare i diluiti e gli evaporati, onde diminuirne l’acidità ; contemporaneamente una corrente d’aria fredda (10) arriva sopra la parete (11) inclinata verso l’entrata; sotto ad essa avviene la condensa dell’evaporato, che verrà raccolto dalla doccia ( 12), 'per passare al trattamento chimico: infatti in essa viene effettuato l’esame di acidità per il trattamento chimico e la separazione dei tensioattivi mediante flocculazione e del carbone attivo. Continuando la marcia del nastro, nella parte intermedia del forno (12), si ottiene l’ebollizione dell’evaporato con distillazione frazionata in ( 13) e (14) con tratamento chimico dei componenti di risulta; gli ultimi distillati verranno From the oven (4) the dried product passes through the ferromagnetic separator (6) TO GRANULATION AND GRINDING (8). The separation of heavier powders is always a difficult problem, which we have solved in two competitive ways: an inclined shock separator will do the trick. remove the powder axially, while the lateral inclination of the separator will make the heavier ones gradually come out to the side, with lateral containment bulkheads; but the artichoke vibrator is a winner: it consists of many coaxial cones with progressive taper, so that the material arriving in (16) rises along the central cone thanks to the action of the vibrator (18) contrasted by the suspension springs (19 ) and helical rising grooves up to the upper edge of the heavier ones; holes in the grooves will allow the less heavy ones to pass to the next cone, whose higher taper on a larger diameter, will allow the separation of the next less heavy one, and so on in the subsequent cones with ever greater opening. And here is the core of the finding; the shaking vibrator up to now carried upwards, without being able to separate the increasingly heavy powders. In the center of the artichoke vibrator the powder purified from the heavy ones will fall, while the separation of the very light ones can preferentially take place by aspiration from the bell (16); in second option from the external box to the device, equipped with pressurized air injection, which will drain from (22), (23), (24). The dust thus purified will pass to the collection box (32) and from there to (33) to be bagged into sacks (34) to be sent as fertilizer to the fields. Let it be clear that it is nitrates, an excellent fertilizer! As far as the vapors coming out of the drying belt oven are concerned, it is a fractional distillation, possible only with a belt oven, in which the drying temperatures are increasingly increasing, and not by a mere dryer claimed by the other patents; this treatment is now illustrated in table 2: in (9) we see the stream of hot air arriving at the beginning of the oven (4), with the purpose of oxidizing the diluted and evaporated products, in order to reduce their acidity; at the same time a cold current of air (10) arrives above the wall (11) inclined towards the entrance; under it the condensation of the evaporated water occurs, which will be collected by the shower (12), to move on to the chemical treatment: in fact, the acidity test is carried out in it for the chemical treatment and the separation of the surfactants by flocculation and activated carbon. Continuing the running of the belt, in the intermediate part of the oven (12), the evaporated product is boiled with fractional distillation in (13) and (14) with chemical treatment of the resulting components; the last spirits will come
convogliati in (15) e dirotati verso il forno (16) per il recupero parziale di energia; la temperatura · finale non à ̈ certa, ma si aggirerà sui 120-130° C, a seconda del tipo di nettezza in arrivo in quel dato loco. Si otterrà così un notevole risparmio energetico. Ritornando ai distillati (13) e (14) e/o successivi, alla loro fuoriuscita si oterrà il raffreddamento tramite le serpentine ( 17) e ( 18), per il successivo trattamento chimico-fisico del distillato, previi esami del Ph. In parole povere, con questo conveyed to (15) and directed towards the furnace (16) for partial energy recovery; the final · temperature is not certain, but will be around 120-130 ° C, depending on the type of cleanliness arriving in that particular place. This will result in significant energy savings. Returning to the distillates (13) and (14) and / or subsequent ones, when they come out, cooling will be obtained through the coils (17) and (18), for the subsequent chemical-physical treatment of the distillate, after examining the Ph. In words poor, with this
forno a nastro si verrà a copiare quanto avviene nelle distillerie del petrolio, cioà ̈ la distillazione A belt oven will copy what happens in petroleum distilleries, ie distillation
frazionata, onde otenere prodoti viepiù fluidi al’aumentare della temperatura. In (19) si oterrà il fractionated, in order to obtain more fluid products as the temperature increases. In (19) you will get the
raffreddamento iniziale della polvere così essiccata, prima di passare ai trattamenti successivi. Tale initial cooling of the dried powder, before moving on to subsequent treatments. Such
trattamento sarà possibilmente esterno al forno (4), onde non vi si raccolgano le polveri. Non stiamo mai troppo ad evidenziare l’importanza del presente trovato: il forno a nastro permette finalmente di effetuare la separazione differenziata dei componenti fino ad alte temperature, che permetano la riutilizzazione degli evaporati nel generatore di calore; di otenere composti chimici da treatment will possibly be external to the oven (4), so that dust does not collect there. We never stress too much the importance of the present invention: the belt oven finally allows to carry out the differentiated separation of the components up to high temperatures, which allow the reuse of the evaporates in the heat generator; to obtain chemical compounds from
inviare alle industrie chimiche, di otenere come prodotto finale polvere di nitrati; ed il tuto dopo send to the chemical industries, to obtain nitrate powder as a final product; and the whole after
la separazione differenziata da effettuare a domicilio per otenerne prodotti accettabili dalle industrie, come già realizzato nel nostro impianto di Bibbiena (che comprende le operazioni di cui ai the differentiated separation to be carried out at home to obtain products acceptable to the industries, as already carried out in our plant in Bibbiena (which includes the operations referred to in
brevetti citati dagli altri ideatori). In parole povere, il presente trovato considera prodotti in sacchi patents cited by the other creators). Put simply, the present invention considers products in bags
provenienti dalle case in seguito alla differenziata! Nessuno aveva-pensato di ottenere nel procedimento la separazione dei pulverulenti più pesanti a mezzo di vibratori a scosse ruotanti, poiché essi coming from the houses following the differentiated! No one had thought of obtaining in the process the separation of the heavier powders by means of rotating shaking vibrators, since they
non li separavano; col trovato del presente breveto si à ̈ ideata la utilizzazione di differenti conicità they did not separate them; with the invention of the present patent the use of different tapers has been devised
per otenere la separazione dei differenti pesanti! E dopo l’essiccazione, à ̈ stata proseguita to obtain the separation of the different heavy! And after drying, it was continued
l’evaporazione onde recuperare calore dagli ultimi evaporati, con notevolissimo risparmio energetico, e senza creare diossina! Senza la puzza del compostaggio! Si à ̈ recuperato lo spazio a mezzo evaporation in order to recover heat from the last evaporates, with considerable energy savings, and without creating dioxins! Without the smell of composting! Space has been made up in between
del separatore a carciofo a conicità progressive. Il costo à ̈ dieci volte inferiore ai concorrenti, non vi à ̈ pericolo di emanazione di diossine per sensori termici guastantisi. I tempi realizzativi sono cortissimi! Veniamo ora ad illustrare in figura 2. a il procedimento atto a smaltire un maggior quantitativo di nettezza, proveniente dal residuo della raccolta differenziata: la nettezza viene versata dal camion posto nella piattaforma di carico (1) nella fossa di accumulo (l/a), con fogli di gomma di chiusura a protezione dai miasmi; la benna (2) comandata dalla cabina di manovra (2/a) porterà volta volta il voluto quantitativo alla tramoggia di carico (3), al dosatore (4) a saracinesca e di qui ventilatore dell’aria surriscaldata, e in (17) quello dell’aria di raffreddamento insufflata all’ingresso del forno con un eccesso d’aria del 100 fino a 150%, onde rendere più efficace l’essiccazione a 120°C (che, come detto, uccide i germi per disidratazione) ed à ̈ alla temperatura migliore per la depurazione dei fumi; in (18) vi sarà la camera di produzione di. aria calda, che entrerà in controcorrente nel forno rotativo, in cui il prodotto da essiccare rotola sulla parte inferiore, mantenendosi in posizione bassa; il tamburo rotante (10) sarà dotato di canalicoli di trasporto, lavoranti in contemporanea all’inclinazione di 25° del tamburo; si provoca cosi un trascinamento di materiale verso l’alto, seguito da ricaduta, allo scopo di assicurare un continuo rimescolamento. I riscaldatori ausiliari ( 16) e (18) posti all’ingresso e all’uscita, fanno sì che i gas caldi dell’essiccazione si rimuovano in equicorrente e/o controcorrente, con il materiale in essiccamento. I solidi da essiccare occupano circa il 10 fino al 15% del volume della camera del forno; ciò viene regolato dalla saracinesca (4) posta a valle della tramoggia (3) di carico; il rimanente del volume interno al forno, à ̈ gas. Il procedimento à ̈ il seguente: i solidi vengono introdotti gradatamente in (3) nella parte alta del forno rotativo; i prodotti fangosi vengono ad arrivare, sempre dalla tramoggia di carico, alla bocca del forno, ma più in basso essendo essi più pesanti. I gasi ( 1 1 ) all’uscita, contengono molta polvere che verrà separata al 70% da cicloni, al 30% restante da filtri elettrostatici tipo Cottrell (ad alto voltaggio) e con quelli a tessuto. Gli evaporati acidi (acido cloridrico e acido solforico) verranno neutralizzati mediante polveri di ossido di calcio e di ossido di magnesio; gli evaporati basici, verranno invece bruciati onde ottenere energia termica alta per risparmiare quella di essiccamento. L aria (alla pressione di circa 5 bar), pompata in (16), entrerà vorticosamente a mezzo di tanti ugelli (5), e verrà viepiù riscaldata verso l'entrata del forno, e fluidificherà i materiali per una più attiva essiccazione dei rifiuti; li solleverà dal letto inferiore, rimuovendoli fino all essiccazione finale; le particelle più solide ricadono nel letto, e vengono trascinate per gravità verso l uscita, ove verranno insaccate. Veniamo ora ad illustrare rimpianto di depurazione dei fumi in uscita: i composti meno volatili, quali l’arsenico, cadmio, selenio e antimonio, si concentreranno nelle ceneri provenienti dal forno, unitamente ai particolati: nelle ceneri, il nichel (presente con l 1 fino a 7 grammi per tonnellata), il piombo (300 fino a 600 grammi), lo zinco (con 27 fino a 170 grammi), si depositeranno nei fanghi di depurazione; le materie volatili (arsenico e cadmio), si ritroveranno nei fanghi di lavaggio dei filmi e nelle emissioni a valle; i gas acidi (nei rifiuti sono presenti cloro, fluoro, bromo in forma organica) verranno neutralizzati da prodotti basici quali soda caustica; gli acidi allogenici e gli alogeni sono presenti anche a stato gassoso molecolare. Lo zolfo organico, à ̈ immesso nei fumi quasi in toto, come anidride solforosa, con circa l 1 fino al 5% della solforica; remissione di anidride fosforica invece, à ̈ altamente corrosiva e chiede che limpianto sia in gran parte sia eseguito con materiali acido-resistenti. Gli ossidi di azoto dipendono dalla temperatura di essiccazione. I particolati (presenti nelle ceneri dei rifiuti) sono presenti in percentuali minime, data la bassa temperatura di essiccazione (120 gradi). E questo, unitamente alla mancata produzione di diossina in caso di rottura dei sensori ad infrarossi, à ̈ uno dei maggiori vantaggi del procedimento a bassa temperatura da noi illustrato. Macro inquinanti, sono perlopiù cloro, zolfo, fosforo e loro composti. Micro inquinanti possono essere gii inorganici o organici. Quindi, come prima operazione, si effettuerà una depolverazione, poi si assorbiranno i gas (o a secco, o a umido) in fuoriuscita dal forno a 120° centigradi; nel nostro caso, à ̈ più utile operare al semi-secco, poiché il nostro impianto à ̈ appunto lavorante alla temperatura ottimizzata di 120° a cui deve essere immesso latte di calce ove i gas si raffreddano adiamaticamente nel reattore di neutralizzazione (a spese dell’evaporazione totale dell’acqua contenuta nella sospensione del latte di calce). Il rendimento à ̈ circa dell’80%, assai maggiore che non quello dell’impianto a secco. In figura 2.b à ̈ illustrato il depuratore ad umido secondo il Lago ( 1992): l’acqua calda proveniente dalla caldaia (20) riscalda i filtri a manica (semmai con un previo trattamento elettrostatico Cottrell); il vento da depurare, entrante in (21 ) e proveniente dal’impianto di essiccazione di tavola 2. a, passa dalla valvola (22) al reattore (23), ove l’acqua calda (24) viene spruzzata a mezzo di appositi ugelli, e di qui al ventilatore (25), che a mezzo di un Venturi, alimenta il camino (26); dal reattore (23) i fumi arrivano al serbatoio (27), in cui la pompa (28) pompa acqua per l’uscita in (29) al trattamento ad umido; le pompe (30), (31), (32) e (33), convogliano in feedback il materiale trattato al reattore (23) ed al serbatoio dei solidi (24), of the artichoke separator with progressive conicity. The cost is ten times lower than competitors, there is no danger of dioxin emanation due to faulty thermal sensors. The realization times are very short! We now come to illustrate in figure 2. a the procedure for disposing of a greater quantity of cleanliness, coming from the residue of separate waste collection: the cleanliness is poured from the truck placed on the loading platform (1) into the accumulation pit (l / a) , with sealing rubber sheets to protect against miasma; the bucket (2) controlled by the maneuvering cabin (2 / a) will take the desired quantity once to the loading hopper (3), to the shutter dosing device (4) and from here to the superheated air fan, and to (17 ) that of the cooling air blown into the kiln inlet with an air excess of 100 to 150%, in order to make drying at 120 ° C more effective (which, as mentioned, kills germs for dehydration) and is at the best temperature for the purification of fumes; in (18) there will be the production room of. hot air, which will enter the rotary kiln in counter-current, where the product to be dried rolls on the lower part, remaining in the low position; the rotating drum (10) will be equipped with transport channels, working simultaneously at the 25 ° inclination of the drum; this causes a dragging of material upwards, followed by relapse, in order to ensure a continuous mixing. The auxiliary heaters (16) and (18) located at the inlet and outlet, ensure that the hot gases of the drying are removed in co-current and / or counter-current, with the drying material. The solids to be dried occupy about 10 to 15% of the volume of the oven chamber; this is regulated by the gate valve (4) located downstream of the loading hopper (3); the remainder of the internal volume of the oven is gas. The procedure is as follows: the solids are gradually introduced into (3) in the upper part of the rotary kiln; the muddy products arrive, again from the loading hopper, at the mouth of the oven, but lower down as they are heavier. The gases (1 1) at the outlet contain a lot of dust which will be separated 70% by cyclones, the remaining 30% by Cottrell type electrostatic filters (high voltage) and with fabric filters. The evaporated acids (hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid) will be neutralized by means of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide powders; the basic evaporates, on the other hand, will be burned in order to obtain high thermal energy to save the drying energy. The air (at a pressure of about 5 bar), pumped into (16), will enter vortically by means of many nozzles (5), and will be heated more and more towards the kiln entrance, and will fluidify the materials for a more active drying of the waste. ; it will lift them from the lower bed, removing them until the final drying; the more solid particles fall back into the bed, and are dragged by gravity towards the exit, where they will be bagged. We now come to illustrate the regret of purification of the outgoing fumes: the less volatile compounds, such as arsenic, cadmium, selenium and antimony, will concentrate in the ashes coming from the furnace, together with the particulates: in the ashes, nickel (present with the 1 up to 7 grams per ton), lead (300 up to 600 grams), zinc (with 27 up to 170 grams), will be deposited in the sewage sludge; volatile materials (arsenic and cadmium) will be found in the washing sludge of the films and in the downstream emissions; acid gases (chlorine, fluorine, bromine in organic form are present in the waste) will be neutralized by basic products such as caustic soda; allogeneic acids and halogens are also present in a molecular gaseous state. Organic sulfur is released into the fumes almost in its entirety, as sulfur dioxide, with about 1 to 5% of the sulfuric content; remission of phosphoric anhydride, on the other hand, is highly corrosive and requires that the implant is largely performed with acid-fast materials. Nitrogen oxides depend on the drying temperature. Particulates (present in waste ashes) are present in minimal percentages, given the low drying temperature (120 degrees). And this, together with the lack of dioxin production in case of infrared sensors breakage, is one of the major advantages of the low temperature process we have illustrated. Macro pollutants are mostly chlorine, sulfur, phosphorus and their compounds. Micro pollutants can already be inorganic or organic. Therefore, as a first operation, a dedusting will be carried out, then the gases (either dry or wet) coming out of the oven at 120 ° centigrade will be absorbed; in our case, it is more useful to operate semi-dry, since our plant is in fact working at the optimized temperature of 120 ° to which lime milk must be introduced where the gases are cooled adiamatically in the neutralization reactor (at the expense of the total evaporation of the water contained in the suspension of the milk of lime). The yield is about 80%, much higher than that of the dry system. Figure 2.b shows the wet purifier according to the Lake (1992): the hot water coming from the boiler (20) heats the bag filters (if anything with a previous Cottrell electrostatic treatment); the wind to be purified, entering (21) and coming from the drying plant of table 2. a, passes from the valve (22) to the reactor (23), where the hot water (24) is sprayed by means of special nozzles, and from here to the fan (25), which, by means of a Venturi, feeds the chimney (26); from the reactor (23) the fumes arrive at the tank (27), where the pump (28) pumps water for the outlet in (29) to the wet treatment; the pumps (30), (31), (32) and (33) convey the treated material in feedback to the reactor (23) and to the solids tank (24),
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US3421618A (en) * | 1966-08-01 | 1969-01-14 | Metal Improvement Co | Shot classifying apparatus |
DE1482459A1 (en) * | 1964-09-18 | 1969-12-11 | Rheinische Kalksteinwerke | Air separator |
DE2508476A1 (en) * | 1975-02-27 | 1976-09-02 | Inter Wood Maschinen | Refuse handling and preparation system - has centripetal air separator for production of heavy and light fractions before drying and fine comminution processes |
US4022638A (en) * | 1975-08-05 | 1977-05-10 | Dart Industries Inc. | Continuous recovery of base metal from insulated wire scrap |
US4610396A (en) * | 1983-01-10 | 1986-09-09 | Enrique Carbonell Serra | Process for the treatment of municipal refuse and plant for its execution |
EP0243747A2 (en) * | 1986-04-28 | 1987-11-04 | Organ-Faser Technology Company N.V. | Method of and device for treating household, industrial and suchlike refuse |
WO1994020232A1 (en) * | 1993-03-03 | 1994-09-15 | Evergreen Global Resources, Inc. | Method of treating solid waste |
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2008
- 2008-08-28 IT ITFI2008A000159A patent/IT1396888B1/en active
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE1482459A1 (en) * | 1964-09-18 | 1969-12-11 | Rheinische Kalksteinwerke | Air separator |
US3421618A (en) * | 1966-08-01 | 1969-01-14 | Metal Improvement Co | Shot classifying apparatus |
DE2508476A1 (en) * | 1975-02-27 | 1976-09-02 | Inter Wood Maschinen | Refuse handling and preparation system - has centripetal air separator for production of heavy and light fractions before drying and fine comminution processes |
US4022638A (en) * | 1975-08-05 | 1977-05-10 | Dart Industries Inc. | Continuous recovery of base metal from insulated wire scrap |
US4610396A (en) * | 1983-01-10 | 1986-09-09 | Enrique Carbonell Serra | Process for the treatment of municipal refuse and plant for its execution |
EP0243747A2 (en) * | 1986-04-28 | 1987-11-04 | Organ-Faser Technology Company N.V. | Method of and device for treating household, industrial and suchlike refuse |
WO1994020232A1 (en) * | 1993-03-03 | 1994-09-15 | Evergreen Global Resources, Inc. | Method of treating solid waste |
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