ITBO20090582A1 - SYNERGIC COMBINATION AND COMPOSITION FOR USE AS ACARICIDE, INSECTICIDE, PUPICIDA AND / OR LARVICIDA. - Google Patents
SYNERGIC COMBINATION AND COMPOSITION FOR USE AS ACARICIDE, INSECTICIDE, PUPICIDA AND / OR LARVICIDA. Download PDFInfo
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- ITBO20090582A1 ITBO20090582A1 IT000582A ITBO20090582A ITBO20090582A1 IT BO20090582 A1 ITBO20090582 A1 IT BO20090582A1 IT 000582 A IT000582 A IT 000582A IT BO20090582 A ITBO20090582 A IT BO20090582A IT BO20090582 A1 ITBO20090582 A1 IT BO20090582A1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/22—Bacillus
- A01N63/23—B. thuringiensis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Description
Titolo: COMBINAZIONE SINERGICA E COMPOSIZIONE PER USO COME ACARICIDA, INSETTICIDA, PUPICIDA E/O LARVICIDA Title: SYNERGIC COMBINATION AND COMPOSITION FOR USE AS ACARICIDE, INSECTICIDE, PUPICIDE AND / OR LARVICIDE
Forma oggetto del presente trovato una combinazione sinergica ed una composizione per uso come acaricida, insetticida, pupicida e/o larvicida idonea ad essere disposto in ambienti frequentati dall'uomo e dagli animali (domestici e non), confinati e non, particolarmente idoneo all'abbattimento degli stadi giovanili delle zanzare. The present invention relates to a synergistic combination and a composition for use as acaricide, insecticide, pupicide and / or larvicide suitable for being placed in environments frequented by humans and animals (domestic and otherwise), confined or otherwise, particularly suitable for killing of the juvenile stages of mosquitoes.
Con il termine generico zanzare si indicano moltissimi insetti che appartengono all'ordine dei Ditteri, sottordine Nematoceri, famiglia Culicidi (Culicidae). Questa famiglia comprende 35 generi e ben 2700 specie. The generic term mosquitoes indicates many insects belonging to the order of Diptera, suborder Nematoceri, family Culicidae (Culicidae). This family includes 35 genera and 2700 species.
Le larve sono sempre acquatiche, mentre gli adulti sono alati e subaerei. L'apparato boccale è lambente nei maschi che si nutrono di essenze vegetali e pungente-succhiante nelle femmine che in molte specie sono ematofaghe cioè si alimentano di sangue. The larvae are always aquatic, while the adults are winged and subaerial. The mouth apparatus is licking in the males who feed on plant essences and stinging-sucking in the females who in many species are blood-sucking, that is, they feed on blood.
Nelle specie che depongono uova in acqua, la zanzara si posa sul pelo dell'acqua (che quindi deve essere ferma) per deporre circa fino a 500 uova. In the species that lay eggs in water, the mosquito settles on the surface of the water (which therefore must be stationary) to lay about up to 500 eggs.
Dalle uova nasce una larva di forma allungata, senza zampe e coperta di setole che vivrà esclusivamente sott'acqua spostandosi verso la superficie per respirare grazie a un sifone (p.e. generi Culex ed Aedes) o una placca respiratoria (p.e. genere Anopheles) posto nella parte terminale (addome) del corpo. Le larve si nutrono di zooplancton che convogliano verso la bocca grazie ai movimenti circolari delle spazzole boccali. Le zanzare hanno tutte 4 stadi larvali. Dopo un tempo che varia da alcuni giorni ad alcune settimane a seconda della temperatura passano allo stadio di pupa. Le pupe vivono stabilmente vicino alla superficie dell'acqua per prelevare ossigeno dall'aria con due strutture poste vicino al capo. Fanno eccezione le pupe della Mansonia richardii che vivono perennemente in immersione e ricavano l'ossigeno dalle piante acquatiche grazie ad un sifone modificato che viene infisso nell'aerenchima delle piante. From the eggs an elongated larva is born, without legs and covered with bristles that will live exclusively underwater moving towards the surface to breathe thanks to a siphon (e.g. genera Culex and Aedes) or a respiratory plate (e.g. genus Anopheles) placed in the part terminal (abdomen) of the body. The larvae feed on zooplankton which they convey towards the mouth thanks to the circular movements of the mouth brushes. Mosquitoes all have 4 larval stages. After a time that varies from a few days to a few weeks depending on the temperature they pass to the pupal stage. The pupae live stably near the surface of the water to take oxygen from the air with two structures placed near the head. The pupae of Mansonia richardii are an exception, which live perpetually in immersion and obtain oxygen from aquatic plants thanks to a modified siphon that is inserted into the aerenchyma of the plants.
La maggior parte degli insetticidi esistenti si basa su principi attivi di indubbia efficacia ma che si caratterizzano per determinati gradi di tossicità anche per l'uomo e gli animali. Most of the existing insecticides are based on active principles of undoubted efficacy but which are characterized by certain degrees of toxicity also for humans and animals.
L'eliminazione delle larve e delle pupe di zanzara porta quindi con se un forte rischio di intossicazione per i pesci e gli altri abitanti degli specchi d'acqua in cui sono distribuiti i prodotti insetticidi, nonché possono verificarsi problemi per l'uomo che utilizza tale acqua per vari scopi (ad esempio irrigazione). The elimination of mosquito larvae and pupae therefore brings with it a strong risk of intoxication for the fish and other inhabitants of the bodies of water where the insecticidal products are distributed, and problems may arise for the man who uses this water for various purposes (for example, irrigation).
Tra gli insetticidi che presentano il minore rischio di tossicità va segnalato l'utilizzo del Bacillus thuringensis (israelensis), del Bacillus sphaericus, del Bacillus subtilis (con le diverse varietà e sottospecie), di alcuni miceti come quelli del genere Lagenidium, Coelomyces ed altri (Beauveria, Entomophthora, Culicinomyces, Metarhizium ecc.), della cosiddetta farina di Diatomee e suoi derivati. Queste sostanze sono normalmente utilizzate nella lotta contro gli artropodi nocivi e possono considerarsi principi attivi noti. Among the insecticides that present the lowest risk of toxicity, the use of Bacillus thuringensis (israelensis), Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus subtilis (with the different varieties and subspecies), some fungi such as those of the genus Lagenidium, Coelomyces and others should be noted (Beauveria, Entomophthora, Culicinomyces, Metarhizium etc.), of the so-called Diatomaceous earth and its derivatives. These substances are normally used in the fight against harmful arthropods and can be considered as known active ingredients.
Mentre la Farina di Diatomee, costituita in gran parte da Silicio e Calcio, esplica un’azione antiparassitaria indifferenziata, i preparati a base di Bacillus e dei suddetti miceti esplicano azioni più selettive e sono stati studiati per produrre prodotti biologici specifici ed a basso impatto ambientale. While diatomaceous earth, consisting largely of silicon and calcium, has an undifferentiated anti-parasitic action, preparations based on Bacillus and the aforementioned fungi perform more selective actions and have been designed to produce specific biological products with low environmental impact. .
Nella lotta antilarvale contro le zanzare questi ultimi due trovano un ampio impiego in tutto il mondo, in particolare il Bacillus thuringensis (israelensis) (BT) e il Lagenidium. Entrambi, però, esplicano la propria azione come biocidi verso le larve di I, II e III stadio e non hanno alcuna azione incidente sulle larve di IV stadio e, soprattutto, sulle pupe. Ciò determina la necessità di trattamenti più ravvicinati che, comunque, non sono mai in grado di impedire la schiusa degli insetti adulti. In the antilarval fight against mosquitoes the latter two find a wide use all over the world, in particular Bacillus thuringensis (israelensis) (BT) and Lagenidium. Both, however, carry out their action as biocides towards the larvae of I, II and III stage and have no incident action on the larvae of the IV stage and, above all, on the pupae. This determines the need for closer treatments which, however, are never able to prevent the hatching of adult insects.
Considerando che in soli 5 giorni le uova di Aedes albopictus, alla temperatura di 29-30°C, schiudono e producono larve che maturano fino al IV stadio, è evidente quanto dovrebbero essere ravvicinati i trattamenti per impedire la schiusa degli adulti: ogni 3 giorni. Considering that in just 5 days the eggs of Aedes albopictus, at a temperature of 29-30 ° C, hatch and produce larvae that mature up to the IV stage, it is evident how close the treatments should be to prevent the hatching of adults: every 3 days .
In realtà tali trattamenti sono effettuati solitamente ogni 20 giorni circa, un tempo più che sufficiente perché emergano le zanzare adulte, compiano l’ovodeposizione e schiudano le larve della generazione successiva. In reality, these treatments are usually carried out approximately every 20 days, more than enough time for the adult mosquitoes to emerge, lay their eggs and hatch the larvae of the next generation.
Nonostante si possano abbinare tali trattamenti all’uso di adulticidi non si è mai riusciti ad arrivare all’eradicazione di questo insetto in un territorio. Although these treatments can be combined with the use of adulticides, it has never been possible to eradicate this insect in a territory.
Compito principale del presente trovato è quello di realizzare una combinazione sinergica ed una composizione per uso come acaricida, insetticida, pupicida e/o larvicida con tossicità sostanzialmente trascurabile per gli animali, in particolare i pesci, e per l'uomo. The aim of the present invention is to provide a synergistic combination and a composition for use as an acaricide, insecticide, pupicide and / or larvicide with substantially negligible toxicity for animals, in particular fish, and for humans.
Nell'ambito di tale compito tecnico, altro scopo del presente trovato è quello di realizzare una combinazione sinergica ed una composizione per uso come acaricida, insetticida, pupicida e/o larvicida idoneo ad agire in maniera efficace anche sulle larve di IV stadio e sulle pupe delle zanzare e/o di altri artropodi. Within the scope of this technical task, another object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic combination and a composition for use as an acaricide, insecticide, pupicide and / or larvicide suitable to act effectively also on stage IV larvae and pupae. mosquitoes and / or other arthropods.
Ulteriore scopo del presente trovato è quello di realizzare una combinazione sinergica ed una composizione per uso come acaricida, insetticida, pupicida e/o larvicida di costi contenuti, di relativamente semplice realizzazione pratica e di sicura applicazione. A further object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic combination and a composition for use as an acaricide, insecticide, pupicide and / or larvicide of low cost, relatively simple to make in practice and safe to apply.
Questo compito e questi scopi vengono raggiunti da una combinazione sinergica per uso come acaricida, insetticida, pupicida e/o larvicida caratterizzata dal fatto che comprende almeno un principio attivo A ed almeno una sostanza B, This task and these aims are achieved by a synergistic combination for use as an acaricide, insecticide, pupicide and / or larvicide characterized in that it comprises at least one active ingredient A and at least one substance B,
detto principio attivo A essendo selezionato dal gruppo costituito da batteri, tossine batteriche, funghi, derivati vegetali e derivati minerali; said active principle A being selected from the group consisting of bacteria, bacterial toxins, fungi, vegetable derivatives and mineral derivatives;
detta sostanza B essendo selezionata dal gruppo costituito da alcooli grassi, esteri di acidi grassi, esteri di alcooli e oli, said substance B being selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohols, esters of fatty acids, esters of alcohols and oils,
dove il principio attivo A e la sostanza B possono essere somministrati in maniera simultanea, sequenziale e separata. where the active ingredient A and substance B can be administered simultaneously, sequentially and separately.
Vengono altresì raggiunti da una composizione per uso come acaricida, insetticida, pupicida e/o larvicida caratterizzata dal fatto che comprende la combinazione sinergica di almeno un principio attivo A ed almeno una sostanza B, They are also achieved by a composition for use as an acaricide, insecticide, pupicide and / or larvicide characterized in that it comprises the synergistic combination of at least one active ingredient A and at least one substance B,
detto principio attivo A essendo selezionato dal gruppo costituito da batteri, tossine batteriche, funghi, derivati vegetali e derivati minerali; said active principle A being selected from the group consisting of bacteria, bacterial toxins, fungi, vegetable derivatives and mineral derivatives;
detta sostanza B essendo selezionata dal gruppo costituito da alcooli grassi, esteri di acidi grassi, esteri di alcooli e oli. said substance B being selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohols, esters of fatty acids, esters of alcohols and oils.
Ulteriori caratteristiche e vantaggi del trovato risulteranno maggiormente dalla descrizione di una forma di esecuzione preferita, ma non esclusiva, della combinazione sinergica e della composizione per uso come acaricida, insetticida, pupicida e/o larvicida, secondo il trovato, riportata di seguito. Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will become clearer from the description of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of the synergistic combination and of the composition for use as acaricide, insecticide, pupicide and / or larvicide, according to the invention, reported below.
Il presente trovato è relativo alla combinazione sinergica per uso come acaricida, insetticida, pupicida e/o larvicida che comprende almeno un principio attivo A ed almeno una sostanza B. The present invention relates to the synergistic combination for use as an acaricide, insecticide, pupicide and / or larvicide which comprises at least one active ingredient A and at least one substance B.
In particolare il principio attivo A è selezionato dal gruppo costituito da batteri, tossine batteriche, funghi, derivati vegetali e derivati minerali. In particular, the active ingredient A is selected from the group consisting of bacteria, bacterial toxins, fungi, plant derivatives and mineral derivatives.
La sostanza B è selezionata dal gruppo costituito da alcooli grassi, esteri di acidi grassi, esteri di alcooli e oli. Substance B is selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters, alcohol esters and oils.
Va specificato che il principio attivo A e la sostanza B possono essere somministrate in maniera simultanea, sequenziale e separata. It should be specified that the active ingredient A and substance B can be administered simultaneously, sequentially and separately.
Con ciò si intenda che il principio attivo A e la sostanza B potranno essere somministrati contemporaneamente all'ambiente da disinfestare (ad esempio un unico prodotto che li comprende entrambe) ma anche in tempi diversi, con frequenze differenti: in ogni caso di somministrazione separata l'effetto sinergico del principio attivo A e della sostanza B dovrà ritenersi compreso all'interno dell'ambito protettivo della presente invenzione. By this we mean that the active ingredient A and substance B can be administered simultaneously to the environment to be disinfected (for example a single product that includes both) but also at different times, with different frequencies: in each case of separate administration the The synergistic effect of the active principle A and of the substance B must be considered included within the protective scope of the present invention.
In particolare il presente documento si riferisce ad una composizione per uso come acaricida, insetticida, pupicida e/o larvicida che comprende la combinazione sinergica di almeno un principio attivo A ed almeno una sostanza B. In particular, this document refers to a composition for use as an acaricide, insecticide, pupicide and / or larvicide which comprises the synergistic combination of at least one active ingredient A and at least one substance B.
E' opportuno specificare che i batteri e le tossine batteriche appartenenti al gruppo del principio attivo A sono preferibilmente scelti tra il Bacillus thuringensis (israelensis), il Bacillus sphaericus, il Bacillus subtilis e le loro diverse varietà e sottospecie. It should be specified that the bacteria and bacterial toxins belonging to the group of the active ingredient A are preferably selected from Bacillus thuringensis (israelensis), Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus subtilis and their different varieties and subspecies.
I funghi (miceti) appartenenti al gruppo del principio attivo A sono preferibilmente scelti tra quelli del genere Lagenidium, Coelomyces, Beauveria, Entomophthora, Culicinomyces, Metarhizium e le loro diverse varietà e sottospecie. The fungi (mycetes) belonging to the group of the active ingredient A are preferably selected from those of the genus Lagenidium, Coelomyces, Beauveria, Entomophthora, Culicinomyces, Metarhizium and their different varieties and subspecies.
I derivati vegetali ed i derivati minerali appartenenti al gruppo del principio attivo A sono preferibilmente scelti tra le farine di diatomee, le farine fossili di diatomee, il Biossido di Silicio ed i loro derivati. The vegetable derivatives and the mineral derivatives belonging to the group of the active principle A are preferably selected from diatomaceous earth, diatomaceous earth, silicon dioxide and their derivatives.
Gli alcooli grassi appartenenti al gruppo della sostanza B comprendono sostanze del tipo dell'acool cetilico. Fatty alcohols belonging to the group of substance B include substances of the type of cetyl alcohol.
Gli esteri di acidi grassi appartenenti al gruppo della sostanza B comprendono sostanze del tipo dell'isopropyl palmitato. The esters of fatty acids belonging to the group of substance B include substances of the type of isopropyl palmitate.
Gli esteri di alcooli appartenenti al gruppo della sostanza B comprendono sostanze del tipo del cetil palpitato. The esters of alcohols belonging to the group of substance B include substances of the type of cetyl palpitated.
Gli oli appartenenti al gruppo della sostanza B comprendono sostanze del tipo dell'olio di cocco, dell'olio di Ricino, dell'olio di Argane. The oils belonging to the group of substance B include substances such as coconut oil, Castor oil, Argane oil.
Sia la combinazione sinergica e che la composizione secondo il trovato possono inoltre comprendere almeno un eccipiente, preferibilmente scelto tra l’acqua, la glicerina, la vasellina, oli essenziali, oli, polimeri, addensanti ed emulsionanti. Both the synergistic combination and the composition according to the invention can also comprise at least one excipient, preferably selected from water, glycerin, vaseline, essential oils, oils, polymers, thickeners and emulsifiers.
Si specifica che gli addensanti e gli emulsionanti sono preferibilmente scelti tra acido alginico, alginato di sodio, alginato di potassio, alginato d'ammonio, alginato di calcio, alginato di 1.2 propandiolo, agar-agar, carragenina, farina di semi di carrube, gomma di guar, gomma adragante, gomma d'acacia nota anche come gomma arabica, gomma di xanthan, gomma di karaya, gomma di tara, gomma di gellano, sorbitolo, mannitolo, glicerolo, stearato di poliossietilene, monolaurato di poliossietilensorbitano, monooleato di poliossietilensorbitano, monopalmitato di poliossietilensorbitano, monostearato di poliossietilensorbitano, tristearato di poliossietilensorbitano, pectine, fosfati di d'ammonio, saccarosio di isobutirrato acetato, esteri della glicerina della resina del legno, cellulosa, metilcellulosa, idrossi-propilcellulosa, idrossi-propil-meticellulosa, etilmetilcellulosa, carbossimetilcellulosa, sali di sodio, sali di potassio, sali di calcio degli acidi grassi, sali di magnesio degli acidi grassi, mono-e digliceridi degli acidi grassi, esteri acetici di mono-e digliceridi degli acidi grassi, esteri lattici di mono-e digliceridi degli acidi grassi, esteri citrici di mono-e digliceridi degli acidi grassi, esteri tartarici di mono-e digliceridi degli acidi grassi, esteri mono-e diacetitartarici di mono-e diglicerididegli acidi grassi, esteri misti acetici-tartarici di mono-e digliceridi degli acidi grassi, esteri di saccarosio degli acidi grassi, sucrogliceridi, esteri poliglicerici degli acidi grassi, poliricinoleato di poliglicerolo, esteri dell'1.2 propandiolo degli acidi grassi, prodotti di reazione dell'olio di soia ossidato termicamente con mono-e digliceridi degli acidi grassi, stearoil-2 lattilato di sodio, stearoil-2 lattilato di calcio, tartrato di stearile, monostearato di sorbitano, triestearato di sorbitano, monolaurato di sorbitano, monooleato di sorbitano, monopalmitato di sorbitano, difosfato disodico, trifosfati, polifosfati. It is specified that the thickeners and emulsifiers are preferably selected from alginic acid, sodium alginate, potassium alginate, ammonium alginate, calcium alginate, 1.2 propanediol alginate, agar-agar, carrageenan, locust bean gum, gum guar gum, tragacanth, acacia gum also known as gum arabic, xanthan gum, karaya gum, tara gum, gellan gum, sorbitol, mannitol, glycerol, polyoxyethylene stearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate, pectins, ammonium phosphates, sucrose of isobutyrate acetate, wood resin glycerin esters, cellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl methylcellulose , sodium salts, potassium salts, calcium salts of fatty acids, magnesium salts of fatty acids, mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, acetic esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, lactic esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, citric esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, tartaric esters of mono-and diglycerides of fatty acids, mono- and diacetitartaric esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, mixed acetic-tartaric esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, sucrose esters of fatty acids, sucroglycerides, polyglyceride esters of fatty acids, polyglycerol polyricinoleate , esters of 1.2 propanediol of fatty acids, reaction products of soybean oil thermally oxidized with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, sodium stearoyl-2 lactylate, calcium stearoyl-2 lactylate, stearyl tartrate, sorbitan monostearate , sorbitan triestearate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monopalmitate, disodium diphosphate, triphosphates, polyphosphates.
Secondo una particolare soluzione realizzativa di particolare interesse pratico ed applicativo la combinazione sinergica e la composizione possono inoltre comprendere almeno un componente C preferibilmente scelto acido salicilico, acido lattico, glicol propilenico, alcool etilico, vasellina, geraniolo, olio di lavanda, estratti vegetali, fenossietanolo, bicarbonato di sodio, Tween 20, Tween 60, Tween 80. According to a particular embodiment of particular practical and applicative interest, the synergistic combination and the composition can also comprise at least one component C preferably selected salicylic acid, lactic acid, propylene glycol, ethyl alcohol, vaseline, geraniol, lavender oil, plant extracts, phenoxyethanol , baking soda, Tween 20, Tween 60, Tween 80.
Da un punto di vista realizzativo si segnala che il principio attivo A, la sostanza B e la composizione secondo il trovato possono essere formulati sotto forma di microincapsulati o con percentuali in massa (o in volume) di microincapsulato (al fine di protrarne l’azione o di raggiungere fasi larvali di insetti al fondo di acque stagnanti). From a manufacturing point of view, it should be noted that the active ingredient A, substance B and the composition according to the invention can be formulated in the form of microencapsulates or with percentages by mass (or by volume) of microencapsulate (in order to prolong their action or to reach insect larval stages at the bottom of stagnant waters).
Da punto di vista dell'utilizzazione della combinazione sinergica e della composizione secondo il trovato è opportuno specificare che queste possono essere erogate non soltanto direttamente o con specifiche pompe, ma anche tramite appositi erogatori che le rilascino gradatamente o in tempi diversi. From the point of view of the use of the synergistic combination and of the composition according to the invention, it is appropriate to specify that these can be supplied not only directly or with specific pumps, but also by means of suitable dispensers which release them gradually or at different times.
Si specifica inoltre che sia il principio attivo A che la sostanza B possono essere utilizzati sia in forma liquida sia in polvere: ne consegue che la combinazione sinergica e la composizione secondo il trovato potranno anch'esse essere sia in forma liquida che in polvere. It is also specified that both the active ingredient A and substance B can be used both in liquid and in powder form: it follows that the synergistic combination and the composition according to the invention can also be in both liquid and powder form.
Sempre ai fini applicativi non si esclude la possibilità per cui il principio attivo A e la sostanza B (eventualmente con l'aggiunta di opportuni eccipienti e del componente C) possano essere miscelati al momento dell’uso (es. attraverso un tappo erogatore) oppure essere già uniti insieme in una composizione concentrata da diluire al momento dell’utilizzo. Again for application purposes, the possibility is not excluded that the active ingredient A and substance B (possibly with the addition of appropriate excipients and component C) can be mixed at the time of use (e.g. through a dispenser cap) or be already joined together in a concentrated composition to be diluted at the time of use.
Esperimenti svolti con i suddetti principi attivi A, uniti a sostanze B quali alcool grassi come l’alcool cetilico, o ad esteri di acidi grassi come l’isopropyl palmitato o ad oli essenziali quali l’olio essenziale di Menta piperita o di Mandarino, pompelmo, limone, basilico ecc. o ad oli semplici quali l’olio di Cocco, di Ricino, di Jojoba, di Mandorle, di Oliva, di Neem, di Sesamo, di Arachidi, di Soia, di Lino, di Macadamia, di Vinaccioli, di Palma, di Karité, di Argane di Paulonia ed altri, hanno consentito di rilevare differenti azioni sinergiche con i suddetti principi attivi A, sia nella potenza che nell’ampiezza del raggio di azione. Experiments carried out with the aforementioned active ingredients A, combined with substances B such as fatty alcohols such as cetyl alcohol, or fatty acid esters such as isopropyl palmitate or essential oils such as peppermint or mandarin, grapefruit essential oils , lemon, basil etc. or simple oils such as Coconut, Castor, Jojoba, Almond, Olive, Neem, Sesame, Peanut, Soy, Linseed, Macadamia, Grapeseed, Palm, Shea oil, of Argane di Paulonia and others, have allowed to detect different synergistic actions with the aforementioned active ingredients A, both in the power and in the range of action.
Almeno un principio attivo A ed almeno una sostanza B (eventualmente con l'aggiunta di un componente C e di eccipienti) sono state uniti tra loro sia a caldo che a freddo fino ad ottenere soluzioni od emulsioni omogenee facilmente, seppure talora temporaneamente, miscibili sia in acqua che con il principio attivo noto il quale veniva testato a parte da solo, alle medesime dosi, come campione di confronto. At least one active ingredient A and at least one substance B (possibly with the addition of a component C and excipients) have been joined together both hot and cold until homogeneous solutions or emulsions are obtained, easily, although sometimes temporarily, miscible both in water than with the known active principle which was tested separately on its own, at the same doses, as a comparison sample.
Con le suddette composizioni si sono ottenuti eccellenti e sorprendenti risultati tutti notevolmente superiori per efficacia a quelli ottenuti con il principio attivo A in uso preso da solo o nella sua formulazione commerciale. With the above compositions excellent and surprising results have been obtained, all considerably superior in efficacy to those obtained with the active principle A in use taken alone or in its commercial formulation.
A titolo di esempio si consideri la composizione tra alcool cetilico e BT in cui quest’ultimo viene aggiunto a freddo e mescolato ad una soluzione acquosa in cui l’alcool cetilico, glicerinato o no, sia stato disciolto a caldo ottenendo così la morte di larve e pupe di zanzare in due ore circa. Ancora a titolo di esempio si consideri la suddetta formulazione contenente Bacillus thuringensis (israelensis), in cui in un litro di acqua sia emulsionato l’Alcool cetilico caldo, disciolto in olio di Cocco, ottenendo così la morte delle larve e delle pupe di zanzara in quattro ore. As an example, consider the composition between cetyl alcohol and BT in which the latter is added cold and mixed with an aqueous solution in which the cetyl alcohol, glycerinated or not, has been dissolved in the heat thus obtaining the death of larvae. and pupae of mosquitoes in about two hours. Again by way of example, consider the aforementioned formulation containing Bacillus thuringensis (israelensis), in which hot cetyl alcohol, dissolved in coconut oil, is emulsified in a liter of water, thus obtaining the death of mosquito larvae and pupae in four hours.
Parimenti efficace si consideri la combinazione sinergica (o la composizione costituta da) dell’isopropyl palmitato con il Bacillus thuringensis (israelensis) o di quest’ultimo con l’olio di ricino e l’alcol Cetilico. Equally effective, consider the synergistic combination (or composition consisting of) of isopropyl palmitate with Bacillus thuringensis (israelensis) or of the latter with castor oil and cetyl alcohol.
Lo stesso dicasi per la combinazione sinergica (o la composizione costituta da) dell’alcool Cetilico con la farina di Diatomee o con oli essenziali di agrumi. The same applies to the synergistic combination (or composition consisting of) of cetyl alcohol with diatomaceous earth or citrus essential oils.
Il problema del deposito del principio attivo A e della sostanza B è stato risolto con l’utilizzo di alcune delle seguenti sostanze addensanti: Acido alginico, Alginato di sodio, Alginato di potassio, Alginato d'ammonio, Alginato di calcio, Alginato di 1.2 propandiolo, Agar-agar, Carragenina, Farina di semi di carrube, Gomma di guar, Gomma adragante, Gomma d'acacia (gomma arabica), Gomma di xanthan, Gomma di karaya Gomma di tara, Gomma di gellano, Sorbitolo, Mannitolo, Glicerolo, Stearato di poliossietilene Monolaurato di poliossietilensorbitano, Monooleato di poliossietilensorbitano, Monopalmitato di poliossietilensorbitano, Monostearato di The problem of depositing the active ingredient A and substance B has been solved with the use of some of the following thickening substances: Alginic acid, Sodium alginate, Potassium alginate, Ammonium alginate, Calcium alginate, 1.2 propanediol alginate , Agar-agar, Carrageenan, Locust bean gum, Guar gum, Gum tragacanth, Acacia gum (gum arabic), Xanthan gum, Karaya gum Tara gum, Gellan gum, Sorbitol, Mannitol, Glycerol, Polyoxyethylene stearate Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate,
poliossietilensorbitano, Tristearato di poliossietilensorbitano, Pectine, Fosfati di d'ammonio, Saccarosio di isobutirrato acetato, Esteri della glicerina della resina del legno, Cellulosa, Metilcellulosa, Idrossi-propilcellulosa, Idrossi-propil-meticellulosa, Etilmetilcellulosa, Carbossimetilcellulosa, Sali di sodio, di potassio e di calcio degli acidi grassi, Sali di magnesio degli acidi grassi, Monoe digliceridi degli acidi grassi, Esteri acetici di mono-e digliceridi degli acidi grassi, Esteri lattici di mono-e digliceridi degli acidi grassi, Esteri citrici di mono-e digliceridi degli acidi grassi, Esteri tartarici di mono-e digliceridi degli acidi grassi, Esteri mono-e diacetitartarici di mono-e diglicerididegli acidi grassi, Esteri misti acetici-tartarici di mono-e digliceridi degli acidi grassi, Esteri di saccarosio degli acidi grassi, Sucrogliceridi, Esteri poliglicerici degli acidi grassi, Poliricinoleato di poliglicerolo Esteri dell'1.2 propandiolo degli acidi grassi, Prodotto di reazione dell'olio di soia ossidato termicamente con mono-e digliceridi degli acidi grassi, Stearoil-2 lattilato di sodio, Stearoil-2 lattilato di calcio, Tartrato di stearile, Monostearato di sorbitano, Triestearato di sorbitano, Monolaurato di sorbitano, Monooleato di sorbitano, Monopalmitato di sorbitano, Difosfato disodico (ammessi solo come agenti lievitanti), Trifosfati, Polifosfati. Polyoxyethylene sorbitan, Polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate, Pectins, Ammonium phosphates, Sucrose isobutyrate acetate, Glycerin esters of wood resin, Cellulose, Methylcellulose, Hydroxypropylcellulose, Hydroxypropyl methicellulose, Sodium ethyl methylcellulose, Sodium ethyl methylcellulose potassium and calcium of fatty acids, magnesium salts of fatty acids, mono and diglycerides of fatty acids, acetic esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, lactic esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, citric esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, Tartaric esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, Mono- and diacetitartaric esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, Mixed acetic-tartaric esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, Sucrose esters of fatty acids, Sucroglycerides , Polyglycerine esters of fatty acids, Polyricinoleate of polyglycerol Esters of 1.2 propanediol of fatty acids, Products o reaction of thermally oxidized soybean oil with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, sodium stearoyl-2 lactylate, calcium stearoyl-2 lactylate, stearyl tartrate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan triestearate, sorbitan monolaurate, monooleate sorbitan, sorbitan monopalmitate, disodium diphosphate (allowed only as raising agents), triphosphates, polyphosphates.
Alcune di tali sostanze sono state differentemente scelte ed utilizzate in relazione al tipo di composizione ed alla concentrazione dell’emulsione. Some of these substances have been chosen and used differently in relation to the type of composition and concentration of the emulsion.
La farina di Diatomee e suoi derivati possono essere formulati in differenti concentrazioni e con diversi eccipienti e/o emulsionanti e/o addensanti che hanno la funzione di ostacolarne il deposito. Diatomaceous earth and its derivatives can be formulated in different concentrations and with different excipients and / or emulsifiers and / or thickeners that have the function of hindering their deposit.
A tale scopo è utilizzato preferibilmente il glucomannano che consente alle microscopiche particelle di restare in sospensione rendendo l’emulsione più efficace. For this purpose, glucomannan is preferably used, which allows the microscopic particles to remain in suspension, making the emulsion more effective.
La composizione ottenuta dalla combinazione tra le fibre di Glucosantano, l’Alcool Cetilico opportunamente glicerinato e i microscopici frammenti di Diatomee fossili, emulsionati con la giusta dose di Polisorbato, si dimostra particolarmente efficace anche contro gli stadi alati di molti insetti, in particolare mosche e zanzare. Tale formulazione pertanto ha un duplice spettro d’azione: le fasi larvali e pupali delle zanzare e la fase di adulto. Potrà essere utilizzata laddove sia necessaria una disinfestazione energica, volta all’eradicazione delle zanzare in un dato territorio, come paludi, acquitrini, scarichi fognari, tombini ecc. The composition obtained from the combination of Glucosantane fibers, Cetyl Alcohol appropriately glycerinated and microscopic fragments of fossil Diatoms, emulsified with the right dose of Polysorbate, is also particularly effective against the winged stages of many insects, in particular flies and mosquitoes. . This formulation therefore has a dual spectrum of action: the larval and pupal phases of mosquitoes and the adult phase. It can be used where vigorous pest control is required, aimed at eradicating mosquitoes in a given area, such as swamps, marshes, sewage drains, manholes, etc.
La composizione citata, modificata nelle dosi e, laddove necessario, con l’eventuale aggiunta di altre componenti quali alcuni oli essenziali (es. di Canfora), risulta attiva anche contro larve di coleotteri (anche contro gli stadi pupali) ed acari parassiti ed a vita libera, nonché per gran parte degli ectoparassiti animali (Mallofagi, Anopluri ecc.). The aforementioned composition, modified in the doses and, where necessary, with the possible addition of other components such as some essential oils (eg Camphor), is also active against beetle larvae (also against the pupal stages) and parasitic mites and free life, as well as for most of the animal ectoparasites (Mallofagi, Anopluri etc.).
Soluzioni particolarmente concentrate possono essere utilizzate, per la capacità che ha la Farina di Diatomee di depositarsi, per uccidere gli stadi larvali di Chironomidi e di altri insetti le cui larve sviluppano nella melma. In questo caso il prodotto, appositamente formulato, può essere depositato direttamente nella fanghiglia al fondo di stagni malsani ed acquitrini. Particularly concentrated solutions can be used, due to the ability of Diatomaceous Flour to settle, to kill the larval stages of Chironomids and other insects whose larvae develop in the slime. In this case the product, specially formulated, can be deposited directly in the mud at the bottom of unhealthy ponds and marshes.
Particolarmente utile il suo utilizzo in Paesi a sviluppo malarico per la particolare e specifica efficacia contro le Anopheles sia allo stadio larvale che pupale. Its use in malarial developing countries is particularly useful due to its particular and specific efficacy against Anopheles both at the larval and pupal stages.
L’erogazione della composizione, eventualmente diluita, potrà avvenire per diretto versamento, per nebulizzazione, micronizzazione, ma anche per diffusione tramite appositi dispositivi (es. galleggianti a lento rilascio). The dispensing of the composition, possibly diluted, can take place by direct pouring, by nebulization, micronization, but also by diffusion through special devices (eg slow-release floats).
L’unione del principio attivo A con la sostanza B e con gli eccipienti potrà essere effettuata nella emulsione concentrata o potrà, invece, effettuarsi al momento dell’uso attraverso particolari dispositivi (es. Tappo erogatore) o più semplicemente attraverso bustine appositamente predisposte (solubili e/o non ). The union of the active ingredient A with substance B and with the excipients can be carried out in the concentrated emulsion or can, on the other hand, be carried out at the time of use through particular devices (eg dispenser cap) or more simply through specially prepared sachets (soluble and / or not).
E' evidente quindi che i principi attivi A possono essere potenziati dall’aggiunta sinergica di una sostanza B, quale ad esempio l'alcool cetilico o altri Alcool grassi oppure di isopropyl palmitato o di altri esteri di acidi grassi o di alcoli od anche di oli, siano essi essenziali come quello, per esempio, di mandarino, di limone, di pompelmo o di menta, oppure di oli semplici quali l’olio di Cocco, di ricino, di Argane, di Macadamia od altri. It is therefore evident that the active ingredients A can be enhanced by the synergistic addition of a substance B, such as cetyl alcohol or other fatty alcohols or isopropyl palmitate or other esters of fatty acids or alcohols or even oils. , be they essential such as, for example, mandarin, lemon, grapefruit or mint, or simple oils such as coconut oil, castor oil, Argane, Macadamia or others.
Ecco dunque che il trovato oggetto del presente brevetto raggiunge il suo scopo, quello cioè di potenziare gli effetti dei suoi singoli componenti grazie ad un sorprendente effetto sinergico che permette di raggiungere un elevatissimo abbattimento della specie obiettivo di disinfestazione utilizzando principi attivi A e sostanza B che non presentano tossicità per l'uomo e gli animali in genere (il loro effetto si focalizza sulla specie obiettivo). Therefore, the invention object of the present patent achieves its purpose, namely to enhance the effects of its individual components thanks to a surprising synergistic effect that allows to achieve a very high reduction of the target species of disinfestation using active ingredients A and substance B which they are not toxic to humans and animals in general (their effect is focused on the target species).
Tutte le composizioni, comprendenti il principio attivo A e le sostanze B qui citate, come sinergici, coformulanti, eccipienti, addensanti, emulsionanti od altro, che contribuiscono, diversamente combinate, a potenziare l’azione di principi attivi A, rientrano nella protezione di questo brevetto. All the compositions, including the active ingredient A and the substances B mentioned here, such as synergists, co-formulants, excipients, thickeners, emulsifiers or other, which contribute, combined in different ways, to enhance the action of active ingredients A, fall within the protection of this patent.
Il trovato, così concepito, è suscettibile di numerose modifiche e varianti tutte rientranti nell’ambito del concetto inventivo; inoltre, tutti i dettagli potranno essere sostituiti da altri elementi tecnicamente equivalenti. The invention, thus conceived, is susceptible of numerous modifications and variations, all of which are within the scope of the inventive concept; moreover, all the details can be replaced by other technically equivalent elements.
Negli esempi di realizzazione illustrati singole caratteristiche, riportate in relazione a specifici esempi, potranno essere in realtà intercambiate con altre diverse caratteristiche, esistenti in altri esempi di realizzazione. In the illustrated embodiments, individual characteristics, reported in relation to specific examples, may actually be interchanged with other different characteristics, existing in other embodiments.
Inoltre è da notare che tutto quello che nel corso della procedura di ottenimento del brevetto si rivelasse essere già noto, si intende non essere rivendicato ed oggetto di stralcio (disclaimer) dalle rivendicazioni. Furthermore, it should be noted that everything that in the course of the procedure for obtaining the patent turns out to be already known, is intended not to be claimed and the subject of an excerpt (disclaimer) from the claims.
In pratica i materiali impiegati, nonché le dimensioni, potranno essere qualsiasi secondo le esigenze e lo stato della tecnica. In practice, the materials used, as well as the dimensions, may be any according to the requirements and the state of the art.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT000582A ITBO20090582A1 (en) | 2009-09-15 | 2009-09-15 | SYNERGIC COMBINATION AND COMPOSITION FOR USE AS ACARICIDE, INSECTICIDE, PUPICIDA AND / OR LARVICIDA. |
| EP10750143A EP2477489A1 (en) | 2009-09-15 | 2010-09-10 | Synergistic combination and composition for use as acaricide, insecticide, pupicide and/or larvicide |
| PCT/EP2010/063297 WO2011032892A1 (en) | 2009-09-15 | 2010-09-10 | Synergistic combination and composition for use as acaricide, insecticide, pupicide and/or larvicide |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT000582A ITBO20090582A1 (en) | 2009-09-15 | 2009-09-15 | SYNERGIC COMBINATION AND COMPOSITION FOR USE AS ACARICIDE, INSECTICIDE, PUPICIDA AND / OR LARVICIDA. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ITBO20090582A1 true ITBO20090582A1 (en) | 2011-03-16 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT000582A ITBO20090582A1 (en) | 2009-09-15 | 2009-09-15 | SYNERGIC COMBINATION AND COMPOSITION FOR USE AS ACARICIDE, INSECTICIDE, PUPICIDA AND / OR LARVICIDA. |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2477489A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | ITBO20090582A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011032892A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MX2014004464A (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2015-04-10 | Winfield Solutions Llc | Liquid insecticide including diatomaceous earth. |
| UA119331C2 (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2019-06-10 | Новозімес Біоаґ А/С | Compositions and methods for treating pests |
| US20180027793A1 (en) * | 2015-02-03 | 2018-02-01 | Domobios | Method and device to trap acarids |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4166112A (en) * | 1978-03-20 | 1979-08-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Mosquito larvae control using a bacterial larvicide |
| WO1985002093A1 (en) * | 1983-11-21 | 1985-05-23 | University Of Southampton | Insecticide composition |
| US6335027B1 (en) * | 1995-03-17 | 2002-01-01 | Lee County Mosquito Control District | Controlled delivery compositions and processes for treating organisms in a column of water or land |
| WO2004040977A1 (en) * | 2002-11-04 | 2004-05-21 | Robert Neville O'brien | Process for making larvicidal evaporation suppressant powder |
| WO2008062413A2 (en) * | 2006-11-21 | 2008-05-29 | Mitam Ltd. | Formulations of entomopathogenic fungi for insect control |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5530195A (en) * | 1994-06-10 | 1996-06-25 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Bacillus thuringiensis gene encoding a toxin active against insects |
| CN1284461C (en) * | 2003-08-16 | 2006-11-15 | 仲伟德 | Suspension emulsion of theringiensin bacilli microcapsule, and its prepn. method |
-
2009
- 2009-09-15 IT IT000582A patent/ITBO20090582A1/en unknown
-
2010
- 2010-09-10 EP EP10750143A patent/EP2477489A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-09-10 WO PCT/EP2010/063297 patent/WO2011032892A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4166112A (en) * | 1978-03-20 | 1979-08-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Mosquito larvae control using a bacterial larvicide |
| WO1985002093A1 (en) * | 1983-11-21 | 1985-05-23 | University Of Southampton | Insecticide composition |
| US6335027B1 (en) * | 1995-03-17 | 2002-01-01 | Lee County Mosquito Control District | Controlled delivery compositions and processes for treating organisms in a column of water or land |
| WO2004040977A1 (en) * | 2002-11-04 | 2004-05-21 | Robert Neville O'brien | Process for making larvicidal evaporation suppressant powder |
| WO2008062413A2 (en) * | 2006-11-21 | 2008-05-29 | Mitam Ltd. | Formulations of entomopathogenic fungi for insect control |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| BRAR S K ET AL: "Recent advances in downstream processing and formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis based biopesticides", PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY, ELSEVIER, NL, vol. 41, no. 2, 1 February 2006 (2006-02-01), pages 323 - 342, XP025124930, ISSN: 1359-5113, [retrieved on 20060201] * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2011032892A1 (en) | 2011-03-24 |
| EP2477489A1 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
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