IT8319618A1

IT8319618A1 - SUPPORT FOR ANCHORING CRANES THAT CAN BE ADJUSTED IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS

Info

Publication number: IT8319618A1
Application number: IT1983A19618A
Authority: IT
Original assignee: Fmc Corp
Priority date: 1982-02-16
Filing date: 1983-02-16
Publication date: 1984-08-16
Also published as: JPS58152795A; MX156377A; CA1201426A; US4446976A; IT1161065B; JPS6317757B2; IT8319618A0

Description

DOCUMENTAZIONE DOCUMENTATION

RILEGATA BOUND

."SUPPORTO PER GRU AD ANCORAGGIO ORIENTABILE IN DIRE-: ZIONI OPPOSTE" . "SUPPORT FOR ANCHOR CRANES ADJUSTABLE IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS"

RIASSUNTO SUMMARY

Una gru di base, atta a sollevare un carico pref ato, equipaggiata con un insieme di ancoraggio che n uri orientamento, impegna il terreno per aumentar a capacit? di sollevamento della gru fino ad un li ello intermedio e, in un secondo orientamento risp o alla gru, ? tale da collaborare con gli elementi i attrezzatura per lavoro pesante che possono esse ggiunti alla gru di base per impartirle una capaci i sollevamento di tipo gravoso. A basic crane, designed to lift a pref ate load, equipped with an anchoring set that n uri orientation, engages the ground to increase capacity. lifting the crane up to an intermediate level and, in a second orientation with respect to the crane,? such as to collaborate with the elements of heavy work equipment which can be added to the base crane to impart capable heavy lifting.

La presente invenzione riguarda le gru e pi? in articolare supporti di ancoraggio orientabili in d ezioni opposte per variare la capacit? di sollevam della gru a seconda dell'orientamento dei suppor ancoraggio. The present invention relates to cranes and more? in articulating anchoring supports that can be oriented in opposite directions to vary the capacity? lifting capacity of the crane according to the orientation of the anchoring supports.

E' noto l'uso di ancoraggi esterni per impartire stabilit? ad una gru o ad una macchina simile.,Sono stati anche usati martinetti azionati a motore per 1 'impegnamento col terreno all'estremit? esterna di bracci di ancoraggio. Is the use of external anchors known to impart stability? to a crane or similar machine. Motor-operated jacks have also been used to engage the ground at the end external anchor arms.

Le gru che vengono impiegate in pesanti lavori di costruzione sono macchine alquanto grosse ed il loro movimento da un punto all'altro di lavoro ? difficil e costoso. E' quindi desiderabile che un'unica gru s in grado di avere un campo di possibilit? di solleva mento piuttosto ampio cosi che non sia necessario po tare sul posto altre gru per occuparsi di operazioni di sollevamento al di fuori delle possibilit? della gru di base che sta lavorando. Inoltre, poich? le gr sono naturalmente costose, devono essere usate frequ temente per giustificare il loro acquisto iniziale. ;Un oggetto della presente invenzione ? quello di for nire una gru capace di operare in corrispondenza di varie fasce di carico. Are the cranes used in heavy construction work rather large machines and their movement from one work point to another? difficult and expensive. It is therefore desirable that a single crane is able to have a range of possibilities. of rather large lifting so that it is not necessary to place other cranes on site to take care of lifting operations beyond the possibilities. of the base crane that is working. Furthermore, since? grs are naturally expensive, they must be used frequently to justify their initial purchase. ; An object of the present invention? that of providing a crane capable of operating in correspondence with various load ranges.

L'impiego di ancoraggi esterni per dare alle gru una maggiore stabilit? di sollevamento ? naturalment ben noto, come pure l'uso di martinetti motorizzati nontati alle estremit? esterne dei bracci. Quindi at tualmente le capacit? di sollevamento di una gru di base in un punto di lavoro pu? aumentare in qualche misura attaccando ancoraggi esterni. Secondo la pre-? sente invenzione si possono ottenere anche ulteriori; aumenti nella capacit? di sollevamento di una gru dii base impiegando gruppi di ancoraggio non solo per im4? pegnare il suolo cos? da fornire il summenzionato aur mento della capacit? di sollevamento, ma anche per col^ laborare con elementi accessori per lavoro pesante cos? da poterli fare funzionare con una gru di base e fornire un campo di valori di capacit? di sollevamento di tipo gravoso. In un tipo di gru per lavoro pesan te un telaio ausiliario ? montato su una gru di base e comprende elementi di sollevamento per sollevare i telaio dal suolo quando la gru viene spostata da un luogo all'altro. Nella presente invenzione. i gruppi ancoraggio effettuano questa funzione ausiliaria di sollevamento del telaio. The use of external anchors to give the cranes greater stability? lifting ? of course well known, as well as the use of motorized jacks not at the ends? outer arms. So at present the capacities? lifting a basic crane at a point of work can? increase to some extent by attaching external anchors. According to the pre-? further invention can be obtained; increases in capacity? lifting of a basic crane using anchor groups not only for im4? pledge the soil cos? to provide the aforementioned increase in capacity? lifting, but also to collaborate with accessory elements for heavy work so? to be able to operate them with a basic crane and provide a range of values of capacity? heavy lifting type. In a heavy duty type of crane a subframe? mounted on a base crane and includes lifting elements to lift the chassis off the ground when the crane is moved from one place to another. In the present invention. the anchoring groups perform this auxiliary function of lifting the frame.

Una gru ? provvista di mezzi per montare gruppi d ancoraggio di un.orientamento per impegnare il suolo e dare una capacit? di sollevamento per la gru ed in Un secondo orientamento per agire come elementi di sollevamento del telaio. A crane? provided with means for mounting anchoring groups of an orientation to engage the ground and give a capacity? lifting device for the crane and in a second orientation to act as lifting elements of the frame.

La FIGURA 1 ? una vista laterale schematica in el vazione della gru di base secondo la presente invenzione FIGURE 1? a schematic side view in elevation of the base crane according to the present invention

La FIGURA 2 ? una.vista schematica in pianta deli parte inferiore della gru, tale vista essendo presa lungo la linea 2-2 di Fig. 1 essendo stati asportati:; gli elementi superiori della gru. FIGURE 2? a schematic plan view of the lower part of the crane, this view being taken along the line 2-2 of Fig. 1 having been removed; the upper elements of the crane.

La FIGURA 3 ? una vista schematica in elevazione laterale della gru della presente invenzione, rappresentata equipaggiata con gruppi di ancoraggio esterni. FIGURE 3? a schematic side elevation view of the crane of the present invention, shown equipped with external anchoring units.

La FIGURA 4 ? una pianta schematica della parte inferiore della realizzazione di Fig.3, la vista essendo presa lungo la linea 4-4 di Fig. 3 con gli elementi superiori della gru asportati. FIGURE 4? a schematic plan of the lower part of the embodiment of Fig.3, the view being taken along the line 4-4 of Fig. 3 with the upper elements of the crane removed.

La FIGURA 5 ? una vista ingrandita di una parte de_l la Fig. 4. FIGURE 5? an enlarged view of a portion of Fig. 4.

La FIGURA 6 ? una sezione ingrandita presa lungo le linee 6-6 di Fig. 5. FIGURE 6? an enlarged section taken along lines 6-6 of Fig. 5.

! La FIGURA 7 ? una sezione ingrandita presa lungo la linea 7-7 di Fig. 5. ! FIGURE 7? an enlarged section taken along line 7-7 of Fig. 5.

La FIGURA 8 ? una vista schematica in elevazione laterale della gru secondo la presente invenzione, rap presentata equipaggiata con accessori di sollevamento per lavoro pesante. FIGURE 8? a schematic side elevation view of the crane according to the present invention, shown equipped with lifting accessories for heavy work.

jj La FIGURA 9 ? una pianta schematica della parte inferiore della realizzazione di,Fig. 8, la vista essenho presa lungo la linea 9-9 di Fig. 8 con gli elementi superiori della gru asportati. jj FIGURE 9? a schematic plan of the lower part of the embodiment of, Fig. 8, the view taken along the line 9-9 of Fig. 8 with the upper elements of the crane removed.

j Nelle Figg. 1 e 2 il numero di riferimento 20 indi'prende un telaio inferiore 22 avente due parti lateraili distanziate su cui sono montate catene ad anello 23 e 24 azionate a motore. Le parti laterali sono collegate da un elemento trasversale di carrozzeria 25 che presenta due assali 25a e 25b con parti terminali, generalmente di sezione quadrata, che sporgono in aperture quadrate previste nelle parti laterali del telaio inferiore. Un supporto 26 sostiene la parte di strut^ bure superiori 28 della gru in modo girevole intorno ad un asse verticale passante attraverso il centro del supporto. La sovrastruttura comprende una piattaforma ,30 che sotiene una cabina di comando 31 e due gruppi, idi staffe di montaggio 33 tra loro distanziati (dei iquali uno solo ? rappresentato) che ricevono in modo, girevole l'estremit? inferiore di un'asta 35. La parte ^posteriore della piattaforma sostiene contrappesi 36 ed un insieme di tubo a gomito 40 che porta una carrucola spostabile 41 ed una molteplicit? di carrucole Idi guida 42. Un albero 43 sotto carico ? montato in mojdo girevole sulla sovrastruttura e porta alla sua e-; stremit? esterna numerose carrucole girevoli 44. Dei. jcavi 46 si estendono da un paranco motorizzato 47 inr ?torno alla carrucola spostabile 41 ed alle carrucole ?142 e 44. Una fune tirante 49 ? ancorata ad un capo allIl'estremit? dell'albero caricato 43 ed all'altro cap i j In Figs. 1 and 2 the reference numeral 20 then refers to a lower frame 22 having two spaced apart side parts on which motor-driven ring chains 23 and 24 are mounted. The side parts are connected by a transverse body member 25 which has two axles 25a and 25b with terminal parts, generally having a square section, which project into square openings provided in the side parts of the lower frame. A support 26 supports the upper frame portion 28 of the crane rotatably about a vertical axis passing through the center of the support. The superstructure comprises a platform 30 which supports a control cabin 31 and two sets of mounting brackets 33 spaced apart (of which only one is shown) which rotatably receive the end. bottom of a rod 35. The rear of the platform supports counterweights 36 and an elbow tube assembly 40 which carries a movable pulley 41 and a plurality of plungers. of guide pulleys 42. A shaft 43 under load? mounted in a swivel manner on the superstructure and leads to its e-; exhaustion? numerous external revolving pulleys 44. Dei. The cables 46 extend from a motorized hoist 47 around the movable pulley 41 and the pulleys 142 and 44. A tie rope 49? anchored to a head at the end? of the loaded shaft 43 and to the other chap. i

iall'estremit? esterna dell'asta 35. Un gancio di sol vamento 50 ? portato da un cavo 52 che ? guidato su carrucole all'estremit? esterna dell'asta ed ? avvol to.su_.un verricello 53- Questo tipo di gru, quando ? montata su cingoli ad anello 23, 24 ha una capacit? di sollevamento di 400 tonnellate. at the end? shaft 35. A lifting hook 50? carried by a cable 52 which? guided on pulleys at the end? external of the auction and? wrapped to.su_.un winch 53- This type of crane, when? mounted on ring tracks 23, 24 has a capacity? lifting capacity of 400 tons.

Nelle Figg. 3-5 ? illustrata la stessa gru 20 equ paggia.ta. con gruppi di ancoraggio 60 e 61 . Con rifer nento alla Fig. 5 si vedr? che 1 due ancoraggi ester ono identici, solamente orientati rivolti in direzi pi opposte e che ciascun gruppo comprende una trave llungata 65 e due travetti 66 saldati alla trave 65 .sporgenti da questa ad angolo retto. Numerose aste i .rinforzo 68 .sono collegate., tra loro tra__piastre n all .6.9..portate.dalle tre travi. Ciascuna delle trav orte 66 ha un'.estremit.? ..a forcella,definita...da pia.-tre distanziate 70 e 71 le quali alloggiano tra di sse una coppia di alette 72 e 73 (Fig. 6) che sporg co esternamente.dall'elemento trasversale .di.corrozz ria.25.del.telaio,inferiore_ Un.perno 75 a testa all gata.passa attraverso aperture allineate presenti.in ciascuna aletta,e.nelle piastre corrispondenti.70 e cos? da fissare ciascun gruppo di ancoraggio...60 e 61 in.qua.ttno.-pun11._a11_'.e1emento di..carrozzeria..25. In Figs. 3-5? illustrated the same crane 20 equipped. with anchoring groups 60 and 61. With reference to Fig. 5 it will be seen? that the two exterior anchors are identical, only oriented facing more opposite directions and that each group comprises an elongated beam 65 and two joists 66 welded to beam 65 projecting therefrom at right angles. Numerous reinforcement rods 68 are connected to each other by plates no. 6.9 carried by the three beams. Each of the beams 66 has an end. ... fork, defined ... by three spaced plates 70 and 71 which house between themselves a pair of fins 72 and 73 (Fig. 6) which protrudes externally from the transverse element of the body. .25.of.frame, lower_ A pin 75 with an open head passes through aligned openings in each fin, and in the corresponding plates. 70 and so on. to fix each anchoring group ... 60 and 61 in.qua.ttno.-pun11._a11 _ '. element of .. bodywork..25.

La trave allungata 65 di ciascuno dei supporti d ancoraggio ? di struttura scatolare alle sue estrem t? opposte e l'involucro di un cilindro idraulico 7 ? montato nella trave a ciascuna estremit? tra le p ?eti laterali della .trave stessa, la distanza tra i centri dei due cilindri essendo di circa 26 piedi ( ni a quasi 8 m). Come si vede in Fig. 7 ciascun cil dro ha un?asta di pistone 78 che si estende verso i basso dall?involucro del cilindro e presenta una su perficie a calotta sferica 78a (Fig. 7) sulla sua e strem?t? inferiore. Quando la gru viene spostata da uogo ad un altro sui cingoli ad anello 23 e 24 , l ? e tremit? inferiore dell'asta di pistone di ciascun c indro ? nella posizione sollevata, distanziata dal erreno. Quando il.carico..dev'essere sollevato, il c indro viene alimentato per fare sporgere le aste di istone fuori dagli involucri cos? da portare l'etremit? inferiore di ciascuna.asta di pistone in im egnamento con un alloggiamento a calotta sferica 79 i una.piastra d'acciaio 79 che ? posizionata sul te eno al di sotto di ciascun cilindro. L'applicazione ontinuata di forza.da parte dei.cilindri _fa solleva e la gru dal suolo. In questa modalit? di funzionara o, la..gru ha una maggiore capacit? di sollevamento uando,.la distanza..tra.le.due travi 65..degli ancorag gi ? di circa 28?6" (pari a circa 8,7 m) e la distan za tra i due cilindri di potenza 77 su ciascuna trav ? di circa 26' (pari a circa 66 coi). Le estremit? de cilindri presentano alloggiamenti sferici e sono sostenute da piastre o armature di acciaio . The elongated beam 65 of each of the anchor supports? of box-like structure at its ends t? opposite and the casing of a hydraulic cylinder 7? mounted in the beam at each end? between the lateral ends of the beam itself, the distance between the centers of the two cylinders being about 26 feet (ni at nearly 8 m). As seen in Fig. 7 each cylinder has a piston rod 78 which extends downwardly from the cylinder casing and has a spherical cap surface 78a (Fig. 7) on its end. inferior. When the crane is moved from place to place on ring tracks 23 and 24, the? and tremit? bottom of the piston rod of each c indro? in the raised position, spaced from the erreno. When the load has to be lifted, the c indro is energized to make the histone rods protrude out of the envelopes. to bring the eternity? lower of each piston rod in impregnation with a spherical cup housing 79 and a steel plate 79 which? positioned on the table below each cylinder. The continuous application of force by the cylinders lifts the crane off the ground. In this mode? of funcara or, the .. crane has a greater capacity? lifting when, .the distance..between.the.two beams 65..of the anchors already? of about 28? 6 "(equal to about 8.7 m) and the distance between the two power cylinders 77 on each beam of about 26 '(equal to about 66 coi). The ends of the cylinders have spherical housings and are supported by steel plates or armor.

Nelle Figg. 8 e 9 ? illustrata la struttura della gru 20 per funzionamento gravoso di sollevamento. In questa realizzazione la sovrastruttura e l'ancoraggi esterno comprendono un'asta principale 80, un'incast latura a cavalletto 81 , un passante 82 per collegare l'estremit? superiore dell'asta principale con l'est mit? superiore del cavalletto, un arresto fisso 83 d cavalietto per trattenerlo nella posizione rappresen tata ed un arresto telescopico 84 dell'asta per limi re il.movimento di rotazione all'indietro dell'asta principale. Un'asta a braccio 88 ? imperniata sull'e stremiti superiore dell 'asta principale 80 e viene m tenuta all ' inclinazione desiderata mediante un cavo tirante 90 ed un contralbero 91- Un bozzello 92 del traccio ed il suo carico vengono sollevati o abbassa da un.cavo 93 che ha.un'estremit? fissata,alla sommi dei braccio e viene fatto passare attraverso il bozz io.ed intorno ad,alcune carrucole di guida ed al tam buro di un paranco 95. Un bozzello 97 sull'asta prin cipale viene sollevato ed abbassato da un cavo 98 il quale ha un capo fissato all'estremit? superiore del i 'asta principale ed e fatto passare attraverso il b zello 97 ed intorno a "d alcune carrucole di guida ed al tamburo di un sec?ndo paranco 99- L'asta principa 80 viene fatta ruotare in avanti dalla posizione rap presentata (Fig. 8) mediante il passante 82 che ha l sua estremit? inferiore collegata al tamburo azionat idraulicamente di un terzo paranco 100. Il paranco 4 e l'albero sotto carico 43 vengono azionati attraverso i cavi 46 per sollevare il cavalletto 81 fino alla s posizione di lavoro illustrata o per comandare l'abbassamento del cavalletto fino ad una posizione oriz zontale. In Figs. 8 and 9? illustrated the structure of the crane 20 for heavy lifting operation. In this embodiment, the superstructure and the external anchoring comprise a main rod 80, a trestle frame 81, a loop 82 for connecting the extremity. top of the main auction with est mit? top of the stand, a fixed stop 83 of the stand for holding it in the position shown and a telescopic stop 84 of the rod to limit the backward rotation movement of the main rod. An 88 boom boom? pivoted on the upper end of the main rod 80 and is held at the desired inclination by means of a tie cable 90 and a countershaft 91. A block 92 of the track and its load are raised or lowered by a cable 93 which has. one end? fixed to the top of the arms and passed through the block 10 and around some guide pulleys and the drum of a hoist 95. A block 97 on the main rod is raised and lowered by a cable 98 which has a head fixed at the end? upper shaft of the main rod and is passed through the beam 97 and around some guide pulleys and the drum of a second hoist 99- The main rod 80 is rotated forward from the position shown ( Fig. 8) by means of the loop 82 which has its lower end connected to the hydraulically actuated drum of a third hoist 100. The hoist 4 and the shaft under load 43 are operated through the cables 46 to lift the stand 81 up to the working position illustrated or to control the lowering of the stand to a horizontal position.

Tutti i componenti summenzionati della sovrastrut tura ed ancoraggio sono ben noti nella tecnica e sono stati descritti qui solo per far comprendere le moda it? di funzionamento della gru per lavoro pesante, I particolari della gru di base e della realizzaz? ne per lavoro pesante sono descritti nella domanda di brevetto U .S . A . Serie _ N? 138 . 461 depositata l ' 8 Aprile 980 a nome Wittman et al. e ceduta alla titolare de a presente domanda di brevetto. In generale, quando a gru si trova nella modalit? di lavoro gravoso, ? ornita di-un'intelaiatura ausiliaria 105 (Fig. 9) ch omprende un profilato di base 105a, un profilato 10 di supporto del contrappeso, due travi laterali 105 e 105d ed una trave trasversale 105e, tutti collega tra loro in modo solidale. Come ? spiegato nella su menzionata domanda di brevetto a nome Wittman et al la traversa 105e presenta due gruppi di bracci dist ziati in senso trasversale, ciascun gruppo comprend do due bracci distanziati in senso verticale che so collegati mediante un perno disposto verticalmente con bracci distanziati in modo analogo sporgenti ve so l'esterno dalla parete anteriore della sovrastru tura. Analogamente la parete posteriore della sovra struttura ? imperniata in 107 a linguette distanzia sporgenti in avanti dal profilato 105b di supporto contrappeso dell'intelaiatura ausiliaria. Il gioco verticale ai bordi degli elementi tra loro collegat ? tale che l'intera intelaiatura ausiliaria pu? muo versi verticalmente rispetto al telaio superiore pe n tratto di circa 18" (pari a circa 45 era). u'intelaiatura ausiliaria porta anche a ciascuna es ita gruppi di ruote 108 e, durante un'operazione d ollevamento, queste ruote vanno ad impegnare un an o circolare d'acciaio 109 che ? situato sul terren In conformit? con la presente invenzione quando ru ? disposta per un servizio gravoso, ciascuno de ruppi di ancoraggio esterno 60 e 61 viene staccato dall ' intelaiatura inferiore , ruotato di 180? intorno ad un asse orizzontale e ricollegato-con l'intelaiatura posteriore. Come si vede in Fig. 8, ci? oriente r? le aste di pistone dei cilindri motori in una pos zione rivolta verso l'alto. Allora, quando i cilindr motori vengono attivati, le estremit? a calotta sferica delle aste di pistone impegneranno il lato infe riore .degli elementi laterali di telaio 105c e 105d sollevando cos? l?intelaiatura ausiliaria dei summen zionati cm rispetto alla sovrastruttura. All of the aforementioned components of the superstructure and anchoring are well known in the art and have been described herein only for the sake of understanding the trends. of operation of the crane for heavy work, The details of the crane base and of the realization? for heavy work are described in the patent application U .S. TO . Series _ N? 138. 461 filed April 8, 980 in the name of Wittman et al. and assigned to the owner of this patent application. In general, when the crane is in the mode? heavy work,? provided with an auxiliary frame 105 (Fig. 9) which includes a base section 105a, a counterweight support section 10, two lateral beams 105 and 105d and a transverse beam 105e, all of which connect together in an integral way. How ? Explained in the aforementioned Wittman et al patent application, the crosshead 105e has two sets of transversely spaced arms, each group comprising two vertically spaced arms which are connected by a vertically disposed pin with similarly spaced arms. projecting outwardly from the front wall of the superstructure. Similarly, the rear wall of the superstructure? pivoted at 107 with spacing tabs projecting forward from the counterweight support section 105b of the auxiliary frame. The vertical play at the edges of the elements connected to each other? such that the entire auxiliary framework can? moves vertically with respect to the upper frame for a distance of about 18 "(equal to about 45 era). An auxiliary frame also carries groups of wheels 108 to each hex and, during a lifting operation, these wheels engage a circular steel ring 109 which is located on the ground. In accordance with the present invention when arranged for heavy duty, each of the outer anchor groups 60 and 61 are detached from the lower frame, rotated 180 degrees around to a horizontal axis and reconnected with the rear frame. As seen in Fig. 8, this is the orientation of the piston rods of the engine cylinders in an upward facing position. activated, the spherical cap ends of the piston rods will engage the lower side of the side frame members 105c and 105d thereby lifting the auxiliary frame by the aforementioned cm from the superstructure.

Il modo in cui gli ancoraggi esterni vengono?stac cati dalla intelaiatura inferiore ? illustrato chiar mente nelle Figg. 5 e 6 e comporta il ritiro del per no 75 da ciascun giunto, il ribaltamento dell'ancora gio ed il nuovo imperniamento dell'ancoraggio sull'i telaiatura inferiore . Quando la gru ? nella situazio he illustrata in Fig. 8, ? capace di sollevare un ca rico di 700 tonnellate. The way in which the external anchors are detached from the lower frame? clearly illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6 and involves the withdrawal of the pin 75 from each joint, the overturning of the anchor and the new pivoting of the anchor on the lower frame. When the crane? in the situation illustrated in Fig. 8,? capable of lifting a load of 700 tons.

Dalla descrizione che precede si vedr? che la pre Sente invenzione fornisce un mezzo eccezionale per m tare un ancoraggio esterno in modo che esso non solo >ossa agire come un elemento stabilizzante ma possa funzionare in alternativa come un meccanismo di soll vamento che renda possibile un?operazione di solleva nento in un ambito di lavoro pesante. From the above description it will be seen? that the present invention provides an exceptional means of fitting an external anchor so that it not only> can act as a stabilizing element but can alternatively function as a lifting mechanism which makes possible a lifting operation in a heavy work scope.

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Claims

1. In a crane, a lower frame, an anc radius compr

motor mounted at each end? of said beam having a piston rod projecting outwards from the beam perpendicular to it and mounting means adapted to selectively support said anchor on said lower frame, said beam being positioned in a generally horizontal plane such and with the piston rods of said cylinders projecting downwards from said beam or upwards from said beam.

2. The combination of claim 1, wherein said mounting means comprises two spaced pairs of perforated arms secured and projecting outwardly from said anchor, spaced pairs of perforated tabs, secured to said lower frame the tabs of each pair being arranged in such a way as to house two of said pairs spaced apart between them with a hole in each arm in line with the holes in the corresponding fins and a removable pin engaged in each series of aligned holes.

3. Crane comprising a lower frame, ring bars supporting said lower frame, a superstructure mounted on said lower frame, an auxiliary frame mounted on said superstructure, such as to move in a true direction with respect to this, a pair of anchors, each of which including a transverse beam, a motor cylinder mounted at each end? of each of said beams, and means for selectively supporting each of said anchors on said lower frame in a first orientation with the beam of each anchor positioned in a substantially horizontal plane and with the piston rods 4 and the motor cylinders in said beams protruding upwards cos? to engage said auxiliary frame to raise it with respect to said superstructure or in a second orientation, with the piston rod of each cylinder directed downwardly away from the respective beam.

4. Crane comprising a lower frame, an anchor fixed to said frame and having a beam extending transversely thereto, a power cylinder mounted at each end. of said beam, each cylinder having a piston rod projecting downwardly from said substantially perpendicular beam to it and a plate located below each cylinder with an upward opening housing accommodating the corresponding piston rod therein when said rod is pushed out of its cylinder.

5. Crane according to claim 4, wherein the extr mit? bottom of each piston rod has a spherical cap surface and each housing has a spherical cap conformation.

SUMMARY

A basic crane, designed to lift a Drefixed load C equipped with an amphcoi * nGgiwa i & cdpmc which, in one orientation, engages the ground to increase the capacity? lifting the crane up to an intermediate level and, in a second orientation with respect to the crane, "/ bala" to collaborate with the elements; : of heavy-duty equipment that can be reached at the base crane to impart a capacity to it? heavy lifting. The present invention relates to cranes and more? in | particular supports .dii nn4onagg! w ?? oyicubacili iir-dii. rj3? iiO-R - ??? oppoote "to vary the lifting capacity of the crane according to the orientation of the supports Idi? .anoo-po-gg-i-cn i; ktabilit? to a crane or to a similar machine. Motor-driven jacks have also been used for ground engagement at the outer end of: anchor arms. The other point of work is difficult and costly. It is therefore desirable that a single crane should be able to have a rather large lifting range so that it is not necessary to bring a crane to the site to take care of maintenance operations. lifting outside ^ dol ^ rfftjfeite? i? i? t? of the base crane it is working on. Also, / since f-cranes are naturally expensive, they must be used frequently to justify their initial purchase.; An item of the present invention is to provide a crane capable of operation in correspondence of yarie load bands. ; i The use of external anchors to give the cranes greater stability? lifting ? of course, the use of motorized jacks is also known; mounted at the ends? outer arms. So at-What are the capabilities? lifting a basic crane at a point of work can? increase to some extent by attaching external anchors. According to the present invention, even further increases in capacity can be obtained. lifting a basic crane using anchor groups not only to engage the ground cos? to provide the aforementioned increase in capacity? lifting, but also to collaborate with accessory elements for heavy work so? to be able to operate them with a basic crane and provide a range of values of capacity? heavy lifting type. In a type of work crane weighing a subframe? mounted on a base crane! and includes lifting elements to lift the frame off the ground when the crane is moved from one place to another. In the present invention, the lashing assemblies perform this auxiliary function of lifting the frame. provided with means for mounting anchoring groups of an orientation to engage the ground: b give a capacity? lifting for the crane and in! a second orientation to act as lifting elements of the frame. ;! FIGURE 1? a schematic side view in el? faction of the basic crane according to the present invention. ; FIGURE 2? a schematic plan view of the lower part of the crane, this view being taken along the line 2-2 of Fig. 1 having been removed. the upper elements of the crane. ; FIGURE 3? a schematic side elevation view of the crane of the present invention, shown equipped with external anchoring units. ; FIGURE 4? a schematic plan of the lower part of the embodiment of Fig. 3? the view being taken along the line 4-4 of Fig. 3 with the upper elements of the crane removed. ; FIGURE 5? an enlarged view of a part of Fig. 4; FIGURE 6? an enlarged section taken along Lines 6-6 of Fig. 5; | FIGURE 7? an enlarged section taken along line 7-7 of Fig. 5; FIGURE 8? a schematic side elevation view of the crane according to the present invention, ra? presented equipped with heavy duty lifting accessories. ; j FIGURE 9? a schematic plan of the lower part of the embodiment of Fig. 8, the view being taken along the line 9-9 of Fig. 8 with the upper elements of the crane removed. In FIGS. 2 the reference numeral 20 indicates the base crane of the present invention which comprises a lower frame 22 having two spaced side parts on which motor-driven ring chains 24 are mounted. from a transverse body member 25c there are two axles 25a and 25b with terminal parts, erally having a square section, projecting in square apexes provided in the lateral parts of the lower frame. A support 26 supports the upper part 28 of the crane rotatably about a vertical axis passing through the supporting center. The superstructure comprises a platform 0 which supports a control cabin 31 and two sets of mounting brackets 33 spaced apart (of which only one is represented) which receive, in a rotatable manner, the extremity. the lower part of a rod 35. The rear of the platform supports counterweights 3 of an assembly of elbow tube 40 which carries a movable carriage 41 and a multiplicity of cylinders. of carruco i guide 42. A tree 43 under load? mounted in or swiveling on the superstructure and. door to its ... and tremit? external_numerous revolving pulleys 44 .. De avi.46 extend.from a motorized hoist.47 to the movable pulley 4.1 and pulleys 2 and .44 .. A rope.-tie rod.49 ..? anchored to a head, [the end? of the loaded tree 43 and to the other cap? Lall? End? ' external: of the rod 35. A hook of sol? vamento 50? carried by a cable 52 which? guided on pulleys at the end? external of the auction and? wrap? on a winch 53? This type of crane, when? ontata on ring cirigoli 23, 24 has a capacity? i lifting of 400 tons. ; In Figs. 3-5? illustrated the same crane 20 equipped with anchoring groups 60 and 61. With reference to Fig. 5, it will be seen? that the two external anchors are identical, only oriented facing opposite directions and that each group comprises an elongated beam 65 and two joists 66 welded to beam 651 and projecting from this at a clear angle. Numerous reinforcing rods 68 are connected to each other between nodal plates 69 carried by the three beams. Each of the beams. corte_66 has .a '.. extremity? fork defined by plates 70 and 7.1, spaced apart, which house a pair of fins 72 between them; A pin 75 at the head of the gate passes through aligned openings present in. each .. fin and in the corresponding plates. 70 and J1 so ?. to be fixed .. with each anchor group. 60 and 61 {in ... four. points. allJ.el.emento di., bodywork. 25. ._ I The elongated beam 65 of each of the anchoring supports? of. box-like structure at its ends t? opposite and the casing of a hydraulic cylinder 77? mounted in the beam at each end? between the lateral walls of the beam itself, the distance between the centers of the two cylinders being about 26 feet (more than almost 8 m). As seen in Eig. 7 each cylinder has a piston rod 78 extending downwardly from the cylinder shell and has a spherical cup surface 78a (FIG. 7) on its end. inferior. When the crane is moved from one place to another on ring tracks 23 and 24, the end is lower piston rod of each cylinder? in the raised position, away from the ground. When the load is to be lifted, the cylinder is energized to make the piston rods protrude out of the shells. to bring the end? lower, of each piston rod in engagement with a spherical cup housing 79 of a steel plate 79 which? positioned on the ground below each cylinder. Continued application of force by the cylinders raises the crane off the ground. In this, mode? of operation, the crane has a greater capacity. lifting when the distance between the two beams. 65 of the anchors already? of about 28'6 "(equal to about 8.7 m) and the distance between the two power cylinders 77 on each of? of about 26 '(equal to about 66 cm). The ends of the cylinders have spherical housings and are supported by steel plates or armatures.; The structure of the crane 20 for heavy lifting operation is illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9. In this embodiment, the superstructure and the external anchor comprise a main rod 80, a trestle mounting 81, a loop 82 to connect the upper end of the main shaft with the upper end of the stand, a fixed stop 83 trestle to hold it in the retracted position and a telescopic rod 84 for limit the backward rotation movement of the main rod. An arm rod 88 is pivoted on the upper end of the main rod 80 and is held at the desired inclination by means of a tie cable 90 and a countershaft 91. boom block 92 and its load are raised or lowered by a cable 93 which has an end? fixed to the top of the arms and is passed through the block and around some guide pulleys and the shaft of a hoist 95. A block 97 on the primary shaft is raised and lowered by a cable 98 which has one end fixed at the end? top of the main shaft and? made to pass through the ring 97 and around some guide pulleys and the drum of a second hoist 99. The main rod 0 is made to rotate forward from the position shown (Fig. 8) by means of the loop 82 which has one end. connected to the drum draulically drives a third hoist 100. The hoist 1? shaft under load 43 are operated through cables 46 to lift the stand 81 up to the illustrated working position or to control the? lowering of the stand to a horizontal position. All of the aforementioned components of the superstructure and anchoring are well known in the art and have been described herein only for the sake of understanding the ways in which it is made. of operation of the heavy duty crane. Details of the basic crane and heavy-duty construction are described in U.S. Pat. Series N? 138,461 filed 1 * 8 April 980 in the name of Wittman et a ^ L. and ceded to the patent. In general, when the crane is in the mode? heavy work,? ornita with a? auxiliary frame 105 (Fig. 9) comprises a base section 105a, a counterweight support section 10, two lateral beams 105c and 105i and a transverse beam 105e, all connected together in an integral way. How ? explained in the aforementioned patent application in the name of Wittraan et al. the cross member 105e has two groups of arms spaced transversely, each group comprises two arms spaced vertically which are connected by a vertically disposed pin 1 with similarly spaced arms projecting outwardly from the front wall of the superstructure. ture. Similarly the rear wall of the superstructure? pivoted at 107 with spaced tabs projecting forwardly from the counterweight support section 105b of the auxiliary frame. The vertical play at the edges of the elements connected to each other? such that the entire auxiliary framework can? move vertically with respect to the upper frame for a distance of about 18? (equal to about 45 cm). The auxiliary frame also carries groups of wheels 108 at each end and, during a lifting operation, these wheels engage a circular steel ring 109 which? located on the ground. with the present invention when the crane? arranged for heavy duty, each of the outer anchoring assemblies 60 and 61 is detached from the lower frame, rotated by 180 °. around a horizontal axis and reconnected with the rear frame. As seen in Fig. 8, there? orient r? the piston rods of the engine cylinders in an upward facing position. So when the ci'lind iotors are activated, the extremities? the spherical cap of the piston rods will engage the lower side of the side frame members 105c and 105d thereby raising the auxiliary framework of the sums 45 cm with respect to the superstructure.

How are the external anchors held up by the bottom frame? clearly illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6 and involves the withdrawal of the PE 75 from each joint, the overturning of the anchor and the new pivoting of the anchor on the lower elaiatura. When the crane? in the situation illustrated in Fig. 8,? capable of lifting a c ico of 700 tons.

From the above description it will be seen? that the present invention provides an exceptional means of providing an external anchor so that it does not only act as a stabilizing element but can alternatively act as a lifting mechanism which makes possible a lifting operation in a setting heavy work.

1. In a crane, a lower frame, an anchor including a cross beam, an engine cylinder mounted at each end. of said beam having a piston rod projecting outwardly from the beam perpendicular to it and mounting means adapted to selectively support said? nco? - [radius on said lower frame, said beam: ' [being positioned in a generally horizontal plane and with the piston rods of said cylinders which; they project downwards from said beam or upwards from said beam.

The combination of claim 1, wherein; said mounting means comprise two pairs of Allocated of perforated arms fixed and protruding towards; the exterior from said anchor, spaced pairs of perforated fins, fixed to said lower frame, the fins of each pair being arranged to accommodate two of said spaced pairs of arms therebetween with a hole in each arm aligned with holes in the corresponding fins and a removable pin engaged in each series of holes; aligned.

3- Crane comprising a lower frame, ring straps which support said lower frame? rear, a superstructure mounted on said frame! at the bottom, an auxiliary frame mounted on said superstructure, such as to move vertically with respect to it, a pair of anchors, each of which comprising a transverse beam; iun engine cylinder mounted at each end? of each, of said beams, and means to support in mor

lower frame in a first orientation with the beam of each anchor positioned in a substantially horizontal plane and with the piston rods of the motor cylinders in said beams projecting upwards thus. to engage said auxiliary frame to raise it with respect to said superstructure or in a second orientation, with the piston rod of each cylinder directed downwardly away from the respective beam.

4. Crane comprising a lower frame, an anchor fixed to said frame and having a beam extending transversely thereto, a power cylinder mounted at each end. of said beam, each cylinder having a piston rod projecting downwardly from said beam substantially perpendicular thereto and a plate located below each cylinder with a housing which opens upwardly from said beam. adapted to accommodate the corresponding piston rod therein when said rod is pushed out of its cylinder.

; 5. Crane according to claim 4, wherein the est mit? bottom of each piston rod has a spherical cap surface and each housing has a spherical cap shape.