IT8224464A1

IT8224464A1 - Device for disintegrating material into particles

Info

Publication number: IT8224464A1
Application number: IT1982A24464A
Authority: IT
Original assignee: Palm Anna Margareta
Priority date: 1981-11-27
Filing date: 1982-11-26
Publication date: 1984-05-26
Also published as: FI832706A0; CA1198402A; NO832637L; EP0094411A1; WO1983001913A1; ES8307530A1; FI832706A; ES517739A0; IT1154595B; IT8224464A0; SE8107071L; SE440980B

Description

DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION

La presente invenzione riguarda un dispositivo per "disintegrare" o sminuzzare materiale in particelle, in particolare avena? Does the present invention relate to a device for "disintegrating" or shredding material into particles, in particular oats?

E' da lungo tempo noto che i cavalli eseguenti livori pesanti devono essere alimentati con un gualche tipo di alimento concentrato al fine di poter mantenere con continuit? elevate prestazioni. Ci? vale per i cavalli da lavoro, come pure per i cavalli da corsa e trottatori, dai quali sono richieste elevate prestazioni. L'alimento concentrato pi? consueto ? l'avena? Tuttavia, i granelli di avena interi sono talmente difficili da digerire, che una grande percentuale di essi passa attraverso il sistema digerente del cavallo senza essere digerita e fornire la desiderata energia. Questo insoddisfacente sfruttamento dell'alimento ? stato in precedenza accettato ma, col passare del tempo, sono stati impiegati mulini per sminuzzare tramite frantumazione i granelli d'avena. In questo modo l'avena ? stata sfruttata completamente come alimento, poich? il guscio dei granelli non impedisce pi? una rapida digestione? Questa procedura di disintegrazione, tuttavia, ha determinato taluni problemi di immagazzinamento. Il valore nutritivo della avena sminuzzata o frantumata si riduce durante l'immagazzinamento, ed i pezzetti frantuma*ti acquisiscono una superficie lanuginosa, e, in seguito ad immagazzinamento, ? attaccata da un tipo di parassita, che viene portato dagli insetti. Ci? si verifica solitamente nei magazzini di farina, e si propaga rapidamente. Tale formazione di parassiti o muffa, rende l'avena inadatta come alimento e, se il parassita ne ha attaccata una certa quantit?, l'avena deve essere gettata via. In primo luogo ? difficile distinguere tale parassita dalla superficie lanuginosa dell'avenraa, solo ad occhio nudo. Perci? vi ? il grande pericolo che l'avena frantumata contaminata da tale parassita abbia ad essere accidentalmente impiegata come alimento, il che pu? avere serie conseguenze se viene alimentato un cavallo da corsa al galoppo o da trotto di valore appena prima di una corsa importante. It has long been known that horses performing heavy liveries must be fed a certain type of concentrated food in order to be able to maintain them continuously. high performance. There? it applies to workhorses, as well as to racehorses and trotters, from which high performance is required. The most concentrated food? usual? the vein? However, whole oat grains are so difficult to digest that a large percentage of them pass through the horse's digestive system undigested and provide the desired energy. This unsatisfactory exploitation of food? was previously accepted but, over time, mills were used to grind oat grains by crushing. This way oats? been exploited completely as a food, since? the shell of the grains does not prevent more? rapid digestion? This disintegration procedure, however, has led to some storage problems. The nutritional value of shredded or crushed oats is reduced during storage, and the crushed pieces acquire a fluffy surface, and upon storage,? attacked by a type of parasite, which is carried by insects. There? it usually occurs in flour warehouses, and spreads rapidly. Such pest or mold formation makes oats unsuitable as food and, if the parasite has attacked a certain amount, oats must be thrown away. In the first place ? difficult to distinguish this parasite from the downy surface of the avenraa, only with the naked eye. So? there? the great danger that crushed oats contaminated with this parasite will accidentally be used as food, which can? have serious consequences if a valuable racehorse is fed at a gallop or trot just before a major race.

Nel brevetto statunitense n. 4.039.149? ? gi? stato descritto un dispositivo per disintegrare o sminuzzare materiale, principalmente mediante un'azione di taglio. Questo dispositivo ? del tipo definito nella parte introduttiva della prima rivendicazione . In U.S. Pat. 4,039,149? ? already? A device has been disclosed for disintegrating or comminuting material, primarily by a cutting action. This device? of the type defined in the introductory part of the first claim.

Tuttavia, in questo dispositivo, ciascun elemento tagliente o di taglio ? disposto fra due dischi dotati di aperture, che sono mantenuti ad una distanza minima l'una dall 'altro tramite flange su uno dei dischi . In tal modo l 'elemento tagliente ? gir evole In uno spazio libero avente un'estensione assiale maggiore dell'estensione assiale dell 'elemento tagliente stesso? A causa dell'influenza del materiale che deve essere disintegrato, l 'elemento tagliente o di taglio avr? tendenza ad avvicinarsi al disco disposto a valle dell'elemento tagliente, cosi da produrre uno spazio libero tra l'elemento tagliente ed il disco disposto a monte dell 'elemento tagliente, il che avr? tendenza a determinare un maggior grado di frantumazione fra l'elemento tagliente ed il disco disposto a monte. In aggiunta, l 'usura tender? a fare aumentare la distanza fra l 'elemento tagliente ed il disco disposto a monte ? However, in this device, each cutting or cutting element? arranged between two discs equipped with openings, which are kept at a minimum distance from each other by means of flanges on one of the discs. Thus the sharp element? turning In a free space having an axial extension greater than the axial extension of the cutting element itself? Due to the influence of the material to be disintegrated, the cutting or cutting element will have? tendency to approach the disc arranged downstream of the cutting element, so as to produce a free space between the cutting element and the disc arranged upstream of the cutting element, which will have? tendency to determine a greater degree of crushing between the cutting element and the disk arranged upstream. In addition, the wear tender? to increase the distance between the cutting element and the disk placed upstream?

Lo s copo dell 'invenzione ? quello di realizzare un dispositivo adatto per disintegrare o sminuzzare materiale in particelle, come ad esempio granelli di avena, in modo tale che la superficie lanuginosa ottenuta dalla frant umazione sia eliminata, eliminando cos? la possibilit? di crescita di parassiti . In questo modo l'alimento manterr? il suo valore nutritivo, ed i danni conseguenti all ' immagazzinamento saranno ridotti? Particolarmente importante ? il garantire che il dispositivo abbia a mantenere le sue caratteristiche operative per periodi prolungati. The purpose of the invention? that of making a device suitable for disintegrating or shredding particulate material, such as grains of oats, in such a way that the fluffy surface obtained from the crushing is eliminated, thus eliminating? the possibility? of growth of parasites. In this way the food will keep? will its nutritional value, and consequent damage to storage be reduced? Particularly important? ensuring that the device maintains its operational characteristics for prolonged periods.

Tale scopo ? ottenuto partendo da un dispositivo del tipo definito nella parte introduttiva della prima rivendicazione, e progettando il disco ad aperture in modo da risultare liberamente spostabile in contatto con l'elemento di taglio oppure un inserto disposto fra il disco e l 'elemento di taglio o tagliente . In questa maniera, il disco dotato di aperture? sar? sollecitato verso l 'elemento di taglio sotto l 'influenza delle particelle da disintegrare, in mani era tale che i bordi del disco e d?i" l'elemento di taglio avranno tendenza a rimanere in una relazione costante anche dopo usura considerevole per cui le particelle disintegrate o sminuzzate avranno un carattere generalmente unifome. Perci?, i bordi cooperanti possono essere disposti in relazione l 'uno all 'altro in maniera da tagliare le particelle secondo tagli piani, e perci? l 'usura dello elemento di taglio non avr? tendenza ad aumentare una qualsiasi distanza fra l'elemento di taglio ed il disco, il che potrebbe aumentare il grado di frantumazione ? Such purpose? obtained starting from a device of the type defined in the introductory part of the first claim, and designing the disc with openings so as to be freely movable in contact with the cutting element or an insert arranged between the disc and the cutting or cutting element. In this way, the disc with openings? sar? stressed towards the cutting element under the influence of the particles to disintegrate, in hands it was such that the edges of the disc and the cutting element will have a tendency to remain in a constant relationship even after considerable wear so that the particles disintegrated or comminuted will have a generally uniform character. Therefore, the cooperating edges can be arranged in relation to each other in such a way as to cut the particles according to flat cuts, and therefore the wear of the cutting element will have no tendency. to increase any distance between the cutting element and the disc, which could increase the degree of crushing?

E' preferito disporre l'albero generalmente verticalmente in maniera tale che non solo le particelle abbiano ad essere disintegrate, ma anche che il peso proprio del disco abbia a sollecitare dette particelle verso l 'elemento di taglio. Sarebbe pure poscui l 'albero 6 ? girevolmente supportato. Appena al di sotto del cuscinetti 5a, una puleggia 7 per cinghia^; a V, ? rigidamente collegata all 'albero ?'? La cinghia a V, indicata da 8 >circonda la puleggia 7 ed inoltre una puleggia9 pi? piccola che ? collegata rigidamente con l'albero di azionamento di un motore 10 disposto verticalmente sulla piastra verticale 4 It is preferred to arrange the shaft generally vertically in such a way that not only the particles have to be disintegrated, but also that the weight of the disc has to urge said particles towards the cutting element. Would tree 6 also be poscui? pivotally supported. Just below the bearings 5a, a pulley 7 for belt ^; to V,? rigidly connected to the 'tree?'? The V-belt, indicated by 8> surrounds the pulley 7 and also a pulley 9 more? baby what? rigidly connected with the drive shaft of a motor 10 arranged vertically on the vertical plate 4

Dal lato superiore della piastra di intelaiatura 2, l?albero (vedere la figura 7) ? dotato di superfici piane 11 e 12 disposte contrapposte l 'una all 'altra. Un agitatore 13a ? disposto assialmente mobile sull'albero 6 in prossimit? della sua estremit? superiore ma ad esso ? impedito di ruotare con l 'albero 6, poich? il mozzo dell 'agitatore 13a ha un foro centrale 13b (figura 6) corrispondente alla forma dello albero 6 in tale sezione. From the top of the frame plate 2, the shaft (see Figure 7)? equipped with flat surfaces 11 and 12 arranged opposite each other. A 13a agitator? axially movable on shaft 6 in proximity? of its extremity? higher but to it? prevented from rotating with the shaft 6, since? the hub of the agitator 13a has a central hole 13b (Figure 6) corresponding to the shape of the shaft 6 in this section.

Un disco 14 ? dis ?posto direttamente al di sotto dell'agitatore i 3a e .jh?runa pluralit? di aperture 16 (figura 3) generalmente egualmente distribuita sulla superficie ed un foro centrale 15 consentente movimento verticale come pure movimento rotatorio o rispetto all'albero 6. Un elemento di taglio /tagliente di forma stellare, o coltello 17 (figura 4) ? disposto immediatamente al di sotto del disco 14. Il coltello aibile disporre una o pi? molle per sollecitare il disco verso gli elementi di taglio o taglienti. A 14 disc? dis? placed directly below the agitator the 3a and .jh? rune plurality? of apertures 16 (Figure 3) generally equally distributed on the surface and a central hole 15 allowing vertical movement as well as rotational movement or with respect to the shaft 6. A star-shaped cutting / cutting element, or knife 17 (Figure 4)? placed immediately below the disc 14. Is the knife available to place one or more? springs to urge the disc towards the cutting or cutting elements.

Nei disegni: In the drawings:

la figura 1 ? una vista da sopra del dispositivo; figure 1? a top view of the device;

la figura 2 illustra una sezione verticale del dispositivo; Figure 2 shows a vertical section of the device;

la figura 3 ? una vista in pianta ed in sezione di un disco dotato di apertur^; figure 3? a plan and sectional view of an aperture disc;

la figura 4 ? una vista in pianta ed in sezione dell'elemento di taglio o tagliente; figure 4? a plan and sectional view of the cutting element;

la figura 5 ? una.vista in pianta ed in sezione di una girante per scaricare i granelli d'avena sminuzzati o disintegrati dal.dispositivo; figure 5? a plan and sectional view of an impeller for discharging chopped or disintegrated oat grains from the device;

la figura 6 ? una vista in pianta ed in sezione di un dispositivo agitatore; e figure 6? a plan and sectional view of a stirring device; And

la figura 7 ? una vista in sezione e laterale di un albero di azionamento o trasmissione? figure 7? a sectional and side view of a drive or transmission shaft?

Una piastra di base 1 ? rigidamente collegata ad una piastra di intelaiatura superiore 2 e ad una piastra di intelaiatura inferiore 3? le piastre 2 e 3 sono pure rigidamente intercollegate tramite una piastra verticale 4. le piastre 2 e 3 hanno, in corrispondenza di porzioni distanziate dalla piastra di base V, cuscinetti o supporti 5a e 5h rispettivamente, in ha un foro centrale 18a, la forma del quale corrisponde alla sezione trasversale dell?albero 6. In questo modo , il coltello 17 pu? spostarsi assialmente sull 'albero 6 essendo per? impedito ad esso di ruotare rispetto a detto albero. Il coltello 17 ha bordi longitudinali 18b e 18c spostantisi strettamente adiacentemente al lato inferiore del disco 14, il che ? preferibile per un basso numero di giri . Per una velocit? rotazionale maggiore , un inserto o spessore, non illustrato nei disegni, ed avente uno spessore di circa 0, 1 mm e sagomato come una rondella posizionabile attorno all 'albero 6, pu? essere disposto fra il disco 14 ed il coltello 17 per ridurre l 'attrito . Un altro elemento agitatore 13a ? disposto direttamente al di sotto del coltello 17 e, al di sotto dell' elemento agitatore , sono disposti un altro disco dotato di apertura? 14 e un altro coltello 17, identici a quelli che sono stati precedentemente descritti. A base plate 1? rigidly connected to an upper frame plate 2 and to a lower frame plate 3? the plates 2 and 3 are also rigidly interconnected by means of a vertical plate 4. the plates 2 and 3 have, at portions spaced from the base plate V, bearings or supports 5a and 5h respectively, in a central hole 18a, the shape of which corresponds to the cross section of the shaft 6. In this way, the knife 17 can? move axially on shaft 6 being for? prevented it from rotating with respect to said shaft. The knife 17 has longitudinal edges 18b and 18c moving closely adjacent the underside of the disc 14, which is preferable for a low number of revolutions. For a speed? greater rotational, an insert or thickness, not shown in the drawings, and having a thickness of about 0.1 mm and shaped like a washer that can be positioned around the shaft 6, can? be placed between the disc 14 and the knife 17 to reduce friction. Another agitator element 13a? disposed directly below the knife 17 and, below the stirring element, another disc with an opening? 14 and another knife 17, identical to those previously described.

L'agitatore 13&, il disco 14 ed il coltello 17 foimano assieme un complesso che pu? essere impiegato singolamente oppure assieme ad altri complessi od apparecchi, in una serie, a seconda delle necessit?. The agitator 13 &, the disk 14 and the knife 17 form together a unit which can be used individually or together with other complexes or appliances, in a series, according to the needs.

Una girante 19a ? disposta al di sotto dell'ultimo coltello 17 ed ? mobile assialmente sull 'albero 6 come i dischi 14 ed i coltelli 17, ma ? bloccata dal ruotare con 1?albero 6 attraverso il foro centrale 19?.(figura 5). A 19a impeller? placed under the last knife 17 and? axially movable on the shaft 6 like the discs 14 and the knives 17, but? blocked from rotating with the shaft 6 through the central hole 19 °. (figure 5).

Tutti gli agitatori 13a, i dischi 14, i coltelli 17 e la girante 19a, sono racchiusi in un tamburo cilindrico verticale 20 che ? ancorato rigidamente al lato superiore della piastra di intelaiatura superiore 2 che, in corrispondenza di questa posizione, forma un fondo del tamburo o cilindro 20. All the agitators 13a, the discs 14, the knives 17 and the impeller 19a, are enclosed in a vertical cylindrical drum 20 which? rigidly anchored to the upper side of the upper frame plate 2 which, at this position, forms a bottom of the drum or cylinder 20.

In corrispondenza del fondo della superficie del mantello del tamburo 20, ? fissato tangenzialmente un tubo d?uscita 21. Nell'interno del tamburo 20 ? disposta una sporgenza verticale longitudinale 22a, che ? ricevuta in cavit? corrispondenti 22b nei dischi 14 in modo da impedire a questi ultimi d? ruotare con i coltelli 17. Un contenitore 23 ? disposto centralmente al di sopra del tamburo 20 ed ha nella sua porzione inferiore una parte di forma cilindrica 24 in cui ? posizionato un dispositivo di chiusura 25. La piastra di base 1 ha,in corrispondenza di uno dei suol bordi verticali,una cerniera 30, una porzione della quale ? ancorata ad esempio ad una parete 31 tramite viti 32. Un dispositivo di bloccaggio 33 ? disposto in corrispondenza del bordo opposto della piastra di base 1 e questo dispositivo di bloccaggio ? ancorato alla parete 31 tramite.viti 34. Quando sussiste la necessit? di montare, smontare o eseguire la manutenzione dei dischi e dei coltelli, l'elemento di ?bloccaggio 33 o chiavistello viene rilasciato cos? da consentire alla piastra 1 di essere fatta ruotare verso l'esterno attorno alla sua cerniera 30. Il tubo di uscita 21 ruoter? dalla posizione illustrata con linee a tratto pieno nella figura 1 alla posizione illustrata con linee tratteggiate, e la parte superiore del tamburo 20 sar? scoperta dal contenitore 23? Per poter manipolare i dischi ed i coltelli in un modo sicuro, il collegamento elettrico del motore 10 ? tale che il collegam?nto 35 della corrente deve essere interrotto al fine di aprire il chiavistello 33 e rilasciare l'intelaiatura per la rotazione cos? da rendere access?bili i dischi ed i coltelli? At the bottom of the surface of the shell of the drum 20,? tangentially fixed an outlet pipe 21. Inside the drum 20? arranged a longitudinal vertical projection 22a, which? received in the cavity? corresponding 22b in the disks 14 so as to prevent the latter from d? rotate with knives 17. A container 23? centrally arranged above the drum 20 and has in its lower portion a cylindrical part 24 in which? positioned a closing device 25. The base plate 1 has, at one of its vertical edges, a hinge 30, a portion of which? anchored for example to a wall 31 by means of screws 32. A locking device 33? arranged at the opposite edge of the base plate 1 and this locking device? anchored to the wall 31 through screws 34. When the need exists? to assemble, disassemble or carry out maintenance of the discs and knives, the locking element 33 or latch is released in this way? to allow the plate 1 to be rotated outwards around its hinge 30. The outlet tube 21 will rotate? from the position illustrated with solid lines in FIG. 1 to the position illustrated with dashed lines, and the upper part of the drum 20 will be? discovered from container 23? In order to be able to handle the discs and knives in a safe way, the electrical connection of the motor 10? such that the connection 35 of the current must be interrupted in order to open the latch 33 and release the frame for rotation thus? to make the discs and knives accessible?

Il funzionamento dell?invenzione ? il seguente: quando il motore 10 viene avviato, esso fa ruotare, attraverso la trasmissione 7, 8, 9 con cinghie a V, l'albero 6 e gli agitatori 13a, i coltelli 17 e la girante 19a, nel medesimo senso. Il dispositivo di chiusura 25 si apre. I granelli di avena 26 cadono verso il basso e riempiono lo spazio aperto in corrispondenza della sommit? del tamburo 20. A causa della rotazione dell'albero 6j le alette 13b, 13c dell?agitatore 13 ruoteranno ed alimenteranno i granelli 26 attraverso aperture 16 nel disco 14 il quale ? bloccato dal ruotare. Quando i granelli d'avena 26 fuoriescono dalle aperture 16, essi si troveranno di fronte il coltello ruotante 17? il quale, mediante i bordi 18b o 18c taglier? i granelli d'avena 26 contro i bordi delle aperture 16. How does the invention work? the following: when the motor 10 is started, it rotates, through the transmission 7, 8, 9 with V-belts, the shaft 6 and the agitators 13a, the knives 17 and the impeller 19a, in the same direction. The closing device 25 opens. The grains of oats 26 fall down and fill the open space at the top? of the drum 20. Due to the rotation of the shaft 6j, the fins 13b, 13c of the agitator 13 will rotate and feed the grains 26 through openings 16 in the disc 14 which? blocked from rotating. When the oat grains 26 emerge from the openings 16, will they face the rotating knife 17? which, by means of the edges 18b or 18c, cutters? the grains of oats 26 against the edges of the openings 16.

1 granelli 26 parzialmente disintegrati penetrano ora nello spazio al di sotto del coltello 17, in cui un altro agitatore 13a, con alette 13b, 13c agita e miscela il materiale prima che esso abbia a passare presso un altro disco 14 ed un ulteriore coltello 17 per lo sminuzzamento addizionale. I granelli 26 cadranno successivamente fra le pale della girante 19& la quale ruota con l'albero 6 e scaglia i granelli d'avena sminuzzati fuori attraverso il tubo 21, in modo tale che l'avena cade, in una corrente raccolta, nel contenitore 291 ? The partially disintegrated grains 26 now penetrate into the space underneath the knife 17, in which another agitator 13a, with fins 13b, 13c, agitates and mixes the material before it passes by another disk 14 and another knife 17 to the additional comminution. The grains 26 will successively fall between the blades of the impeller 19 & which rotates with the shaft 6 and throws the chopped oat grains out through the tube 21, so that the oats fall, in a collected stream, into the container 291. ?

L'invenzione non ? limitata alla forma di realizzazione descritta ma pu? essere variata in vari modi entro l'ambito protettivo di essa. Ad esempio, il numero di dischi e di coltelli pu? essere maggiore o minore che non que.llo della foima di realizzazione descritta. X coltelli possono essere fatti ruotare in maniera tale che la direzione deiloro fili taglienti dal centro verso la periferia abbia a formare alterna The invention is not? limited to the embodiment described but can? be varied in various ways within its protective scope. For example, the number of discs and knives can? be greater or less than that of the described embodiment. X knives can be rotated in such a way that the direction of their cutting edges from the center to the periphery forms alternating

Claims

1. Device for disintegrating or comminuting particulate material such as oat grains, comprising a disc (14) having openings (16) allowing the particles to be comminuted to pass through them, and a cutting element (17) arranged downstream of the disc with openings, as seen in the direction of movement of the particles to comminute said particles as they exit the openings by cutting between an edge (18b) of the cutting element and the edges of the openings, said discs (14 ) being displaceable along a shaft (6) to rotate the cutting element but being prevented from rotating with the shaft, characterized in that the disc (14) has openings? movable freely in contact with the cutting element (17) or an insert disposed between the disc and the cutting element?

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized by an agitator (13a) arranged on the shaft (6) upstream of the disc (14).

3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that two or more? groups consisting of a disk (14) equipped with openings and a rotating knife (17) are arranged in series on the shaft (6).

4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that an agitator (13a)? arranged on the shaft (6) upstream of each of the discs (14) provided with openings.

5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft (6)? generally arranged vertically with the disc having openings above the cutting element.

6. Device according to claim Q 3? characterized in that at least one of the cutting elements (17) has its edges (18b or 18c) arranged so as to operate with the cutting angle towards the center of the cutting element while at least another of the cutting elements has its edges arranged to operate with the cutting angle away from the center of the cutting element?

7. Device according to claim 3? characterized by the fact that an agitator (13a)? placed upstream of the first disc (14) equipped with holes?

8. Device according to claim 1 or claim 3? characterized in that an impeller (19a)? disposed on the shaft (6) downstream of said cutting elements (17) to engage the shredded material to be curdled out through an outlet (21) from a housing (20) of the device?

9? Device according to claims 2 and 8 -J characterized in that the shaft (6) has a cross section cooperating with the agitator (13a), the cutting element (17) and the impeller (19a) so as to prevent do they rotate relative to the shaft but allow axial displacement of them along the shaft?

DEVICE FOR DISINTEGRATING OATS AND THE LIKE

? ' It has long been known that horses performing heavy work must be fed on some type of concentrated feed in order to be able to maintain with continuity. high performance. There? it applies to workhorses, as well as to racehorses and trotters, from which high performance is required. The most concentrated food? usual? the vein? However, whole oat grains are so difficult to digest that a large percentage of them pass through the horse's digestive system undigested and provide the desired energy? This unsatisfactory exploitation of food? was previously accepted but, over time, mills were used to grind oat grains by crushing. This way oats? been exploited completely as a food, since? the shell of the grains does not prevent more? rapid digestion.

This disintegration procedure, however, has led to some storage problems. The nutritional value of shredded or crushed oats is reduced during storage, and the crushed pieces acquire a fluffy surface, and ?, upon storage,? attacked by a type of parasite, which is carried by insects. THERE? ai usually occurs in flour warehouses, and al propagates rapidly. Such formation of parasites or mold makes oats unsuitable as food and, if the parasite has attacked a certain amount, oats must be thrown away. In the first place ? difficult to distinguish this parasite from the fluffy surface of the oat, only with the naked eye. So? there? the great danger that crushed oats contaminated with this parasite will accidentally be used as food, which can? have serious consequences if a racehorse is fed at a gallop or trot d? value just before a major run.

Through the practical implementation of the present invention, said woolly surface favoring mold obtained by crushing is eliminated. The food product maintains its nutritional value, and the risk of rejection due to storage damage is reduced.

The invention '? characterized by the fact of disintegrating the grains of oats, despite their small size and their shape, which makes. their positioning is difficult, by means of planar cuts in major or minor parts in accordance with with the device preset.

The principle of the invention does not require great forces or a lot of power and therefore? the device ? light, simple and inexpensive, which makes it possible for the individual horse owner to purchase the device and decide on the degree of disintegration suitable for their horse and the daily ration, directly from the starting material (whole oat grains).

The device ? illustrated by seven figures, as follows:

Figure 1 illustrates the device with a plan view;

Figure 2 illustrates the device with a vertical section taken in the core;

Figure 3 illustrates discs with -. opening with their openings,

Figure 4 illustrates the shape of the cutting knife with its center of engagement;

Figure 5 illustrates broadly staggered oats disintegrated out of the machine;

Figure 6 illustrates the agitators with central engagement and feeding blades;

Figure 7 illustrates the drive shaft with a shape for engaging the cutter knife and impeller agitator.

A. technical description of the structure of the device, with reference, in the first place, to Figures 1 and 2 will be here below.

A plate d? base 1? rigidly connected to an upper frame plate 2 and to a lower frame plate 3. The plates 2 and 3 are also rigidly interconnected via a vertical plate 4? The plates 2 and 3 have, at portions spaced from the plate d? base 1, bearings or supports 5a and 5h respectively, in which the shaft 6? pivotally supported. Just below bearing 5a, a V-belt pulley 7,? rigidly connected to shaft 6. The V-belt, indicated by 8? surrounds pulley 7 and also a smaller pulley 9 which? rigidly connected to the drive shaft of a motor 10 arranged vertically on the vertical plate

'4.?

From the top of the frame plate 2, the shaft (see Figure 7)? equipped with flat surfaces 1 1 and 12 arranged opposite one another. A 13a agitator? axially movable on shaft 6 in proximity? of its extremity? higher but to it? prevented from rotating with the shaft 6, since? does the hub of the agitator 13a have a central hole 13b (Figure 6) corresponding to the shape of the shaft 6 in this section?

A 14 disc? placed directly below the agitat ore 1 3a and well a plurality? of openings 16 (Figure 3) generally equally distributed on the surface and a central hole 13 allowing vertical movement as well as rotational movement or with respect to the shaft 6. A star-shaped cutting / cutting element, or knife 17 (Figure 4)? placed immediately below disc 1 4? The knife has a central hole 18a, the shape of which leeks-. sides to the cross section of the shaft 6. In this way, the knife 17 can move axially on the shaft 6 being for? prevented it from rotating with respect to said shaft? The knife 17 has longitudinal edges 18b and 18O moving closely adjacent the underside of the disc 14, which is preferable for a low number of revolutions? For a speed? greater rotational, an insert or thickness, not shown in the drawings, and having a thickness of about 0.1 nm and shaped like a washer that can be positioned around the shaft 6, can be disposed between the disk 14 and the knife 17 to reduce the friction? Another agitator element 13a? disposed directly below the knife 17 and, below the stirring element, another disc equipped with openings 14 and another knife 17 are disposed, identical to those previously described.

The agitator 13a, the disk 14 and the knife 17 form together an assembly which can be used singly or together with other assemblies or apparatuses, in serious and, according to the needs. A 19a impeller? placed under the last knife 17 and? axially movable on shaft 6 like discs 14 and knives 17, but? blocked from rotating with shaft 6 through 11 central hole 19b. (figure 5).

All agitators 13a, discs 14,? knives 17 and the impeller 19a, are enclosed in a vertical cylindrical drum 20 which? rigidly anchored to the upper side of the upper frame plate 2 which, at this position, forms a bottom of the drum or tube 20.

At the bottom of the surface of the shell of the drum 20,? tangentially fixed an outlet tube 21. Inside the drum 20? arranged a longitudinal vertical projection 22a, which? received in the cavity? corresponding 22b in the disks 14 so as to prevent the latter from d? rotate with 1 knives 17. A container 23? centrally arranged above the drum 20 and has in its lower portion a cylindrical part 24 in which? positioned a closing device 25. The base plate 1 has, at one of its vertical edges, a hinge 30, a portion of which? anchored for example to a wall 31 by means of screws 32. A locking device 33? arranged at the opposite edge of the base plate 1 and this locking device? anchored to the wall 31 by screws 34. When you need it? to assemble, disassemble or carry out maintenance of the discs and knives, the locking element 33 or ohiaviatello is released so as to allow the plate 1 to be rotated outwards around its hinge 30. The outlet tube 21 rotates ? from the position illustrated with solid lines in FIG. 1 to the position illustrated with dashed lines, and the upper part of the drum 20 will be? discovered from container 23? In order to be able to handle the discs and knives in a safe way, the electrical connection of the motor 10? such that the power connection 35 must be interrupted in order to open the bolt 33 and release the frame for rotation so as to make the discs and the knives accessible.

11 operation of the invention? the following: when the engine 10 is started, it rotates, through the transmission 7, 8, 9 with V-belts, the shaft 6 and the agitators 13 &, the blades 17 and the impeller 19a, in the same direction. Does the latch 25 open? The grains of oats 26 fall down and fill the open space at the top? of the drum 20. Due to the rotation of the shaft 6, the fins 13b, 13c of the agitator 13 will rotate and feed the grains 26 through openings 16 in the disc 1411 which one? blocked from rotating. When the oat grains 26 emerge from the apertures 16, they will face the rotating knife 17, which, by means of the edges 18b or 180, cutters? 1 grains d-Vavena 26 against 1 edges of the openings 16.

The partially disintegrated grains 26 now penetrate into the space underneath the knife 17, in which another agitator 13a, with fins 13b, 13c, agitates and mixes the material before it passes by another disk 14 and another knife 17 for additional shredding. The grains 26 will successively fall between the blades of the impeller 19a which rotates with the shaft 6 and throws the chopped oat grains out through the tube 21, so that the oats fall, in a collected stream, into the container 29. .

The invention is not? limited to the embodiment described but can? be varied in various ways within its protective scope. For example, the number of discs and knives can? be greater or less than that of the embodiment described. The knives can be rotated so that the direction of their cutting edges from the center to the periphery alternately forms a positive and a negative angle. Under certain conditions, agitators between the apertured discs and the knives can be eliminated, despite the use of various disc or knife assemblies.

Alternatively, spacer rings can be used. The feeding system from the storage container can? be equipped with an adjustable dispenser or timing device for automatic closing.

The outlet tube for disintegrated oats can? be combined with a particle separation device for example of the cyclone type to obtain a homogeneous yield when in this sense

1. Device for disintegrating oat grains and the like, characterized in that the material (26) which is to be disintegrated by means of a stirrer (13a)? fed into openings (16) into a disc (? 4) with openings in order to disintegrate the material after it has passed through the openings (16) on the discharge side of the disc (14) by cutting action between the edges of the openings (16) and the edges (18b or 18c) of a knife (17) which preferably? star-shaped and rotates adjacent to the disc (14).

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact one and more? assemblies consisting of an agitator (13a), an opening disc (14) and a rotating knife (17) are arranged in series on the shaft (6).

3rd Device according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the rotating blades (17) are rotated individually or collectively in such a way that their edges (18b and 18c respectively) either operate with a cutting angle towards the center or away from the center 0

4. Device according to claims 1-3 characterized in that rotating knives (17) are positioned on both sides of the disc (14).

5. Device according to claims 1-4, characterized by a thin thickness (not shown in the figure) arranged between the disc (14) and the rotating knife (17) to reduce friction.

6. Device according to claims 1,3-5 - characterized in that an agitator (13)? included only in the first group of a series.

7. Device according to claims 1-6, characterized by an impeller (19a) positioned at the bottom under the cutting units to pick up the disintegrated material (26) and throw it out through the outlet tube (21 ).

8. Device according to claims 1-7, characterized in that the shaft (6) has two flat faces (11, 12) which, for operational purposes, engage an agitator (13a), a rotating knife (17 ) and an impeller (19a) without preventing axial adjustment of them against each other and by the fact that the discs (14) have a cylindrical central hole (15) and are freely movable with respect to the shaft (6)?

Device according to claims 1-8, characterized in that the agitators (13a), the discs (14), the rotating knives (17) and the impeller (19a) are surrounded by a vertical cylindrical drum (20) which, by means of a projection (22a) it blocks the discs (14) in such a way that they cannot rotate with the rotating blades abutting (17).

Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by a current connection (35) which must be interrupted in order to open a bolt (33) in order to rotate the device from an operative position III to a service position iIV.

Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by a closure device (25) combined with a volume-controlled dispensing device?

Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the closing device (25)? combined with a timed dispensing device.

SUMMARY

Horses performing heavy work or intended to provide high performance in other fields, such as galloping or trotting horses, are regularly fed concentrated feed (oats). In order to make s? For horses to take advantage of the nutritional values of oats, to the greatest extent possible, the grains of oats are crushed before feeding them to the horses. The crushed grains acquire a woolly surface which, during storage? attacked by a type of mold (flour mold) which multiplies rapidly and makes the crushed grains unsuitable as food. The present invention replaces the crushing procedure with cutting (shearing / of the oat grains and obtains flat surfaces allowing prolonged storage. The shearing action is obtained, according to the present invention, due to the fact that the oat grains are fed mediant and a stirrer in openings in a stationary disc in order to be cut into suitable portions between knife threads rotating against the rear side of the disc and the edges of the disc openings as the oat grains pass out through the disc.

Depending on the degree of disintegration, one or more? groups of units? treatment (agitator-disc with openings-rotating edges) can be used in s? re ..