IT202000018172A1 - SHEET, PARTICULARLY FOR COVERING SURFACES OR OBJECTS OF VARIOUS KINDS - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

TITLE: SHEET, PARTICULARLY FOR THE COVERING OF SURFACES OR OBJECTS OF VARIOUS KINDS.

The present invention relates to a sheet, in particular for covering surfaces or objects of various kinds.

Sheets are known, in particular for covering surfaces or objects of various kinds, and of the polymeric material type, and in particular in the form of a flat polyethylene film, especially wound up in a reel, which film can be unwound and cut transversely to obtain a corresponding sheet to be used.

In this way, however, we obtain s? an easy covering of surfaces or products, but there is a risk of damaging the environment when the same sheet is disposed of.

Furthermore, a further problem perceived in relation to this type of roofing sheets already? known, concerns the fact that the same sheets have covering dimensions which are too small, and in particular which are limited, in width, to the width of the reel from which they are obtained.

With the present invention it is therefore intended to propose a new and alternative solution to the hitherto known solutions and in particular it is proposed to obviate one or more? of the drawbacks or problems referred to above and / or to satisfy one or more? requirements referred to above, and/or in any case perceived in the technique, and in particular which can be deduced from what is referred to above.

A sheet is then provided, in particular for covering surfaces or objects of various kinds; which sheet? of the polymeric material type, and ? characterized by the fact that it is made of biodegradable and compostable material.

In this way, easy coverage of surfaces or products is obtained, without risking damage to the environment.

In addition, this biodegradable and compostable sheet can? be used in a particularly easy way, for example detached from a corresponding reel.

This and other innovative aspects, or respective advantageous embodiments, are, however, set forth in the attached claims, the specific technical characteristics of which can be found, together with the corresponding advantages achieved, in the following description, illustrating in detail a purely exemplifying and non-limiting embodiments of the invention, and which is made with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a preferred embodiment of sheet according to the present invention;

figure 2 is a schematic sectional view illustrating the layering in thickness of the preferred embodiment of sheet according to the present invention;

figure 3A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of the tubular film for the preferred embodiment of sheet according to the present invention, in a first step of the method for manufacturing said sheet according to the present invention; figure 3B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of the tubular film for the preferred embodiment of sheet according to the present invention, in a subsequent step of the method for manufacturing said sheet according to the present invention;

figure 3C illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of the tubular film for the preferred embodiment of sheet according to the present invention, in a further subsequent step of the method for manufacturing said sheet according to the present invention;

figure 3D illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of the tubular film for the preferred embodiment of sheet according to the present invention, in an even more complete step; subsequent and in particular final of the process for making said sheet according to the present invention;

figure 4 shows a schematic view of the preferred embodiment of a plant for making the sheet according to the present invention.

The attached figures show a preferred embodiment 10 of sheet, in particular for covering surfaces or objects of various kinds; and for example suitable for defining a table-covering sheet, a floor-covering sheet, a furniture-covering sheet, a car-covering sheet, or the like.

Said sheet 10 ? of the polymeric material type, and ? advantageously, made of biodegradable and compostable material.

In particular, it must be understood that, in the present patent text, the term biodegradable and compostable is meant to mean ?totally biodegradable and compostable?, or ?100% biodegradable and compostable?.

In this way, you can obtain an easy covering of surfaces or objects, or of products in general, without causing damage to the environment.

In addition, this biodegradable and compostable sheet can? be used in a particularly easy way, for example detached from a corresponding coil, without this facility? of use can ultimately reduce a risk of causing damage to the environment.

Advantageously, as can be seen from figure 2, according to a preferred embodiment, ? foreseen that sheet 10 comprises, or is constituted by, a respective intermediate layer 11 which ? interposed between a first and a second external layers 13, 15 of the same sheet 10.

In this way, advantageously a biodegradable and compostable sheet 10 is obtained which has a plurality of owned physical, which make it suitable to be used in a plurality? of conditions and situations of employment, even quite different from each other.

Advantageously, the respective first and/or second outer layer 13, 15? made of biodegradable and compostable polymeric material.

In this way, a high degree of plastic elongation is guaranteed to said sheet 10, which gives it the property to deform considerably without giving rise to breakage, or a considerable capacity? to resist the penetration of sharp objects, without giving rise to breakage of the same material.

Advantageously, said first and second outer layers 13, 15 have the same composition, i.e. they are both made of biodegradable and compostable polymeric material.

Advantageously, the respective first and/or second outer layer 13, 15? made starting from at least one corresponding compound of polymeric raw materials, in particular of the biodegradable and compostable type. Said biodegradable and compostable polymeric compound used for said first and second external layers 13, 15 of said sheet 10? for example consisting of the product identified with the trademark ?Ecowill FS-0330? of the company?

LTD, or ? consisting of the product identified with the trademark ?Ecovio F Film C2332? of the company?

Advantageously, said intermediate layer 11 of said sheet 10 ? also in biodegradable and compostable material.

Advantageously, said intermediate layer 11 ? made starting from at least one corresponding compound of polymeric raw materials, in particular of the biodegradable and compostable type, and from at least one mineral filler. Said biodegradable and compostable polymeric compound used for the intermediate layer 11 of said sheet 10? for example consisting of the product identified with the trademark ?Ecowill FS-0330? of the company?

or ? consisting of the product identified with the trademark ?Ecovio F Film C2332? of the company? BASF.

With particular advantage, said mineral charge ? in quantity? comprised between 1% and 60%, by weight of the mass which forms the same intermediate layer, preferably from 25% to 50% by weight of the mass which forms the same intermediate layer, even more? preferably from 35% to 45% by weight of the mass which forms the same intermediate layer. Optimally, said mineral charge ? in quantity? around 40%, by weight of the mass which forms the same intermediate layer.

Advantageously, said mineral charge comprises one or more? of the following materials: Calcium Carbonate, Kaolin, Talc or others.

Advantageously, said mineral filler, in particular the calcium carbonate, has a particle size of between 1 ?m and 15 ?m.

In this way, we obtain a sheet 10 which ? particularly robust and resistant to cutting.

Advantageously, as can be seen from figure 2, said intermediate layer 11 has a thickness which between 75% and 90% of the thickness of the same sheet 10.

Advantageously, as shown in Figure 2, said first and second outer layers 13, 15 have the same, or substantially the same, thickness.

With particular advantage, as can be seen from figure 3A, said sheet 10 ? obtained from a corresponding tubular film 10? in which ? a respective longitudinal cut 10t is made which allows to define corresponding separable extreme edges of said tubular film 10?, which tubular film 10? ? configured to define corresponding and opposite first and second wide transverse walls 17, 19 which are adapted to be placed, in use, in contact with each other.

However, it must be understood that said longitudinal cut 10t which is made in the tubular film can be made in any suitable circumferential point of the same tubular film 10?. For example, said longitudinal cut 10t could be made in correspondence with the center line of a respective wide transversal wall 17 or 19, or, as will be better understood, from reading the rest of the present description, at the connection point between the adjacent flaps 25 and 27 of a respective bellows 21 or 23, or at the connection point between the respective flap 25 or 27 of the respective bellows 21 or 23 and the corresponding wide transversal wall 17 or 19 of the same bellows-folded tubular film, as can be clearly seen from the corresponding dotted lines which are highlighted in figures 3A and 3B.

In a particularly advantageous way, as clearly evident from said figure 3B, said sheet 10 ? obtained from a corresponding tubular film 10? having a first and a second wide transverse walls 17, 19 superimposed on each other in which, in the respective lateral area of mutual connection, at least one corresponding bellows is defined, or a first and second opposite lateral bellows 21, 23 are preferably defined, connection between opposite longitudinal edges of said wide transversal walls of said tubular film 10?.

As illustrated, said tubular film 10? comprises, for each bellows 21, 23, a first and a second flap 25, 27 connected to each other in correspondence with a common longitudinal folding line 31, which flaps 25, 27 have their respective other ends, i.e. the ends? that are opposite to the? extremity? of reciprocal connection, which are connected respectively to said first and second wide main transverse walls 17, 19, through corresponding longitudinal folding lines 35, 37.

Advantageously, as shown in figure 3C, said tubular film 10? it is then folded with respect to a corresponding longitudinal folding line 10p, which divides said first and second wide transverse walls 17, 19 in such a way that the corresponding parts of said first and second wide transverse walls 17, 19 are superimposed on each other with the Possibly, the interposition of corresponding first and second flaps 2 of said bellows.

In a particularly advantageous way, as can be seen from figure 3D, said tubular film 10? ? folded a second time according to a respective longitudinal folding line 10pp, which divides said half-parts of said first and second wide transverse walls 17, 19, in such a way that the corresponding half-portions of said first and second parts of said first and second wide transverse walls 17, 19 are superimposed on each other, possibly always with the interposition of corresponding first and second flaps 25, 27 of said bellows 21, 23.

In practice, advantageously, as can be seen from the same figures, said sheet 10 ? defined by a plurality? of flaps, superimposed on each other, of a corresponding film 10?, or of respective walls, or flaps, 17, 19, 21, 23 of a corresponding film 10?.

In this way, the sheet easy to open and before opening it occupies a particularly limited space.

Advantageously, as can be seen from figure 1, said sheet 10, in particular before being opened or unwound, has a width ?w? That ? between 10cm and 50cm and preferably a width ?w? around 35cm.

Advantageously, as can be seen from figure 1, said sheet 10 has a length ?l?, which ? between 1m and 50m, and preferably between 6m and 30m, and even more? preferably around 10m.

Advantageously, as can be seen from figure 4, said sheet 10 ? obtained from a film 10?, in particular tubular, in which corresponding separation pre-cuts are made at predetermined longitudinal distances ?1?, which preferably define the longitudinal length ?l? of sheet 10.

Advantageously, are said separation pre-cuts made in said film, in particular tubular, 10? at longitudinal distances ?l?, which are between 1m and 50m, and preferably at longitudinal distances ?l? between 6m and 30m, and even more? preferably around 10m.

Advantageously, as can be seen from figure 4, said film, in particular tubular, 10? ? wrapped in a reel, and in this second version pu? be offered for sale in view of the separation from this of corresponding sheets.

The attached figures illustrate a preferred embodiment of the process for making a sheet 10, in particular for covering surfaces or objects of various kinds, for example suitable for defining a tablecloth, a floor covering sheet, a furniture cover sheet , a car cover sheet or other, in which said sheet 10 ? of the polymeric material type.

The process, advantageously, provides for the use of a biodegradable and compostable material to make the same sheet 10.

According to the method, advantageously, as can be seen from figure 2, in order to make said sheet 10, is a film 10, in particular a tubular one, made? comprising, or consisting of, a respective intermediate layer 11, which ? interposed between a first and a second external layers 13, 15 of the same sheet 10, said layers 11, 13, 15 being in a radially overlapping condition.

Advantageously, according to the method, the respective layer 11, 13, 15 of said film, in particular tubular, 10? ? obtained through a compounding process.

According to the process, advantageously, the respective first and/or second outer layer 13, 15 is made of biodegradable and compostable polymeric material.

With particular advantage, according to the method, said first and second outer layers 13, 15 are made in such a way as to have the same composition, in particular since they are both made of biodegradable and compostable polymeric material.

According to the method, advantageously, the respective first and/or second outer layer 13, 15? made starting from at least one corresponding compound of polymeric raw materials, in particular of the biodegradable and compostable type.

With particular advantage, according to the process, said intermediate layer 11 of said sheet 10 is made of biodegradable and compostable material.

According to the process, in a particularly advantageous manner, said intermediate layer 11 is made starting from at least one corresponding compound of polymeric raw materials, in particular of the biodegradable and compostable type, and from at least one mineral filler.

Advantageously, according to the procedure, said mineral charge ? in quantity? comprised between 1% and 60%, by weight of the mass which forms the same intermediate layer, preferably from 25% to 50% by weight of the mass which forms the same intermediate layer, even more? preferably from 35% to 45% by weight of the mass which forms the same intermediate layer.

Advantageously, said mineral charge comprises one or more? of the following materials: Calcium Carbonate, Kaolin, Talc or others.

According to the process, advantageously, said mineral feedstock used, in particular the calcium carbonate, has a granulometry of between 1 µm and 15 µm.

Advantageously, according to the method, in said film, in particular tubular, 10?, said intermediate layer 11? made of a thickness that ? between 75% and 90% of the thickness of the same sheet 10.

In a particularly advantageous way, according to the method, in said film, in particular tubular, 10?, said first and said second outer layers 13, 15 are made in such a way as to have the same, or substantially the same, thickness.

According to the process, advantageously, as can be seen from Figure 4, a molten mass is fed suitable for defining said intermediate layer 11 of the film, in particular tubular, 10?, through a corresponding extruder 12, and corresponding first and second molten masses suitable to define said first and second external layers 13, 15 of the tubular film 10?, through corresponding first and second extruders 14, 16, to an extrusion head 18 of said tubular film 10?.

Advantageously, as can be seen from figure 4, according to the method, after having aggregated said layers 11, 13, 15 to define the tubular film 10?, the same tubular film 10? is enlarged, or stretched, radially creating a corresponding bubble configuration 10??.

According to the method, advantageously, as can be seen from figure 4, the tubular film 10? is enlarged, or stretched, with a ratio of inflation, or enlargement, or increase of the respective circumference, with respect to the diameter of the outlet die of the tubular film of the extrusion head 18, which ? from 1 to 5, or preferably from 2 to 5.

Advantageously, as can be seen from Figure 3A, according to the method, in said tubular film 10? a respective longitudinal cut 10t is made which allows to define corresponding separable extreme edges of said tubular film 10?, which tubular film 10? ? configured to define corresponding and opposite first and second wide transverse walls 17, 19 which are adapted to be placed, in use, in contact with each other.

With particular advantage, as can be seen from figure 3B, according to the method, said tubular film 10? it has a first and a second wide transverse walls 17, 19 superimposed on each other in which at least one corresponding bellows is defined in the respective side area of mutual connection, i.e. a first and second opposite side bellows 21, 23 are preferably defined, of connection between opposite longitudinal edges of said wide transversal walls of said tubular film 10?.

According to the method, advantageously, as can be seen from figure 3C said tubular film 10? is folded with respect to a corresponding longitudinal folding line which divides said first and second wide transverse walls 17, 19 in such a way that the corresponding parts of said first and second wide transverse walls 17, 19 overlap each other.

Advantageously, as can be seen from figure 3D according to the method, said tubular film 10? is folded a second time according to a respective longitudinal folding line which divides said half-portions of said first and second wide transverse walls 17, 19 in such a way that the corresponding half-portions of said first and second parts of said first and second wide walls transverse bars 17, 19 are superimposed on each other.

In a particularly advantageous way, as can be seen from figure 4, according to the method the printing of images or alphanumeric or other writings is carried out on said tubular film 10, at predetermined sheet distances.

With advantage, according to the method, as can be seen from said figure 4, in the film, in particular the tubular one, 10?, ?l? corresponding separation pre-cuts of corresponding sheets 10.

According to the method, advantageously, said separation pre-cuts are made in said film, in particular tubular, 10? at longitudinal distances ?l?, which are between 1m and 50m, and preferably at longitudinal distances ?l? between 6m and 30m, and even more? preferably around 10m.

In an advantageous way, according to the method, as can be seen from figure 4, said film, in particular tubular, 10? ? coil wound, in particular without core.

Advantageously, according to the method, a sheet 10 defined by one from a plurality of of flaps, superimposed on each other, of a corresponding film 10?, or of respective walls, or flaps, 17, 19, 21, 23 of a corresponding film 10?.

In particular, said plurality? of flaps comprises from 4 to 12 overlapping flaps, and in any case, as shown in Figure 3D, preferably 12 overlapping flaps.

With particular advantage, according to the method, a sheet 10 is made, in particular before being opened or unwound, it has a width ?w? That ? between 10cm and 50cm and preferably a width ?w? around 35cm.

In the attached figure 4, a preferred embodiment 100 of a plant for making a sheet 10 is illustrated; in particular for covering surfaces or objects of various kinds, for example suitable for defining a table-covering tablecloth, a floor-covering sheet, a furniture-covering sheet, a car-covering sheet or other, and in which said sheet 10 being of the polymer material type.

Advantageously, the plant 100 comprises means for feeding a molten mass suitable for defining an intermediate layer 11 of a corresponding tubular film 10? from which the same sheet 10 is obtained and comprising a corresponding extruder, in particular of the screw type, 12 and means 12? supply of a corresponding compound of biodegradable and compostable polymeric raw materials and at least one mineral filler, to the same extruder 12, and of the corresponding first and second feeding means of corresponding molten masses suitable for defining a first and a second external layers 13, 15 of said tubular film 10?, and comprising corresponding first and second extruders 14, 16 having respective means 14?, 16? supply of respective compounds of polymeric raw materials of the biodegradable and compostable type for making said first and said second outer layer 13, 15 of the tubular film 10?, said feeding means 12, 14, 16 being able to feed the respective masses merged to an extrusion head 18 that ? adapted to form said tubular film 10? comprising, or consisting of, said intermediate layer 11 interposed between said first and said second outer layers 13, 15.

Advantageously, as can be seen in particular from figure 4, at the exit from said extrusion head 18, after having aggregated said layers 11, 13, 15 to define the tubular film 10?, the same tubular film 10 is enlarged or stretched radially ? creating a corresponding bubble configuration 10??.

Advantageously, as can be seen in particular from figure 4, is the same tubular film 10 radially widened or stretched? with an inflation, or enlargement, or increase ratio of the respective circumference, with respect to the diameter of the exit die of the tubular film of the extrusion head 18, which ? from 1 to 5, or preferably from 2 to 5.

With particular advantage, not particularly illustrated in the attached figures, means are provided which are able to make a respective longitudinal cut 10t in said tubular film 10? which allows to define corresponding separable extreme edges of said tubular film 10?, in such that the same tubular film 10? ? configured to define corresponding and opposite first and second wide transverse walls 17, 19 which are adapted to be placed, in use, in contact with each other.

In a particularly advantageous way, as can be seen in particular from figures 4 and 3B, means 20 are provided which are suitable for realizing, in said tubular film 10?, at least one corresponding bellows, or a first and a second opposite lateral bellows 21, 23, for connection between opposite longitudinal edges of said wide transversal walls of said tubular film 102, as can be seen from said figure 3A.

Advantageously, as can be seen in particular from figures 4 and 3C, are there means 22 which are suitable for folding said tubular film 10? with respect to a corresponding longitudinal fold line which divides said first and second wide transverse walls 17, 19 in such a way that the corresponding parts of said first and second wide transverse walls 17, 19 are superimposed on each other.

In a particularly advantageous way, as can be seen in particular from figures 4 and 3D, second means 24 are provided which are able to fold said tubular film 10?, a second time according to a respective longitudinal folding line which divides said half-parts of the said first and second wide transverse walls 17, 19 in such a way that the corresponding half portions of said first and second parts of said first and second wide transverse walls 17, 19 are superimposed on each other.

Advantageously, as can be seen in particular from Figure 4, means 26 are provided which perform on said tubular film 10, at predetermined sheet distances, the printing of images or alphanumeric or other writings.

In a particularly advantageous way, as can be seen in particular from figure 4, means are provided which make, in the tubular film 102, corresponding pre-cuts for separating corresponding sheets 10.

Advantageously, as can be seen in particular from Figure 4, means 30 are provided which are suitable for winding said tubular film 102 into a reel, in particular without a support core.

In Figure 4, with the reference number 31, means for pulling or stretching the tubular film 102 are indicated, and, with the reference number 32, a respective drawing calender.

REALIZATION EXAMPLE 1

In the plant of figure 4, a respective compound material identified with the brand name Ecowill FS-0330? is inserted respectively into the hoppers of the extruders to make said first and said second external layers 13, 15 of the company?

which is supplied to the extrusion head 18 in the form of a corresponding molten mass, while in the hopper of the extruder to make said intermediate layer 11, the same compound material is also always supplied, identified with the brand name Ecowill FS-0330? of the company?

and calcium carbonate in quantity? equal to 40% by weight of the material for said intermediate layer, and is then supplied to said extrusion head 18 in the form of a corresponding molten mass. The extrusion head 18 then forms a tubular film made up of a corresponding intermediate layer 11 and said first and said second outer layers 13, 15, which is then processed as illustrated above until a sheet 10 with a pi? overlapping flaps that ? advantageously totally biodegradable and compostable, and which, in a balanced way, has good characteristics of elongation and resistance to penetration and reduced use of polymeric raw material.

REALIZATION EXAMPLE 2

In the plant of figure 4, a respective compound material identified with the brand name Ecowill FS-0330? is inserted respectively into the hoppers of the extruders to make said first and said second external layers 13, 15 of the company?

which is supplied to the extrusion head in the form of a corresponding molten mass, while in the hopper of the extruder to make said intermediate layer 11, is also always supplied the same compound material identified with the Ecowill FS-0330? of the company? and calcium carbonate in quantity? equal to 30% by weight of the material for said intermediate layer and is then supplied to said extrusion head 18 in the form of a corresponding molten mass. The extrusion head forms a tubular film composed of a corresponding intermediate layer 11 and said first and said second outer layers 13, 15 which is then processed as illustrated above until obtaining a sheet 10 with more than one layer. overlapping flaps that ? advantageously totally biodegradable and compostable, which has good characteristics of elongation and resistance to penetration and which uses a small amount? of polymeric raw material.

REALIZATION EXAMPLE 3

In the plant of figure 4, a respective compound material identified with the brand name Ecowill FS-0330? is inserted respectively into the hoppers of the extruders to make said first and said second external layers 13, 15 of the company?

which is supplied to the extrusion head in the form of a corresponding molten mass, while in the hopper of the extruder to make said intermediate layer 11, is also always supplied the same compound material identified with the Ecowill FS-0330? of the company? and calcium carbonate in quantity? equal to 50% by weight of the material for said intermediate layer and is then supplied to said extrusion head 18 in the form of a corresponding molten mass. The extrusion head forms a tubular film composed of a corresponding intermediate layer 11 and said first and said second outer layers 13, 15 which is then processed as illustrated above until obtaining a sheet 10 with more than one layer. overlapping flaps that ? advantageously totally biodegradable and compostable, which has adequate characteristics of elongation and resistance to penetration and which uses a minimum quantity of polymeric raw material.

REALIZATION EXAMPLE 4

In the plant of figure 4, a respective compound material identified with the brand name Ecowill FS-0330? is inserted respectively into the hoppers of the extruders to make said first and said second external layers 13, 15 of the company?

which is supplied to the extrusion head in the form of a corresponding molten mass, while in the hopper of the extruder to make said intermediate layer 11, is also always supplied the same compound material identified with the Ecowill FS-0330? of the company? and calcium carbonate in quantity? equal to 20% by weight of the material for said intermediate layer and is then supplied to said extrusion head 18 in the form of a corresponding molten mass. The extrusion head forms a tubular film composed of a corresponding intermediate layer 11 and said first and said second outer layers 13, 15 which is then processed as illustrated above until obtaining a sheet 10 with more than one layer. flaps what? advantageously totally biodegradable and compostable, which has high characteristics of elongation and resistance to penetration and which employs a quantity? limited supply of polymer raw material.

REALIZATION EXAMPLE 5

In the plant of figure 4, a compound material identified with the trademark ?Ecovio F Film C2332? is inserted respectively into the hoppers of the extruders to produce said first and said second external layers 13, 15? of the company? which is supplied to the extrusion head in the form of a corresponding molten mass, while the same compound material identified with the trademark ?Ecovio F Film C2332? is also always supplied in the extruder hopper to make said intermediate layer 11? of the company? and calcium carbonate in quantity? equal to 30% by weight of the material for said intermediate layer and is then supplied to said extrusion head 18 in the form of a corresponding molten mass. The extrusion head forms a tubular film composed of a corresponding intermediate layer 11 and said first and said second outer layers 13, 15 which is then processed as illustrated above until obtaining a sheet 10 with more than one layer. overlapping flaps that ? advantageously totally biodegradable and compostable, which has good characteristics of elongation and resistance to penetration and which uses a small amount? of polymeric raw material.

REALIZATION EXAMPLE 6

In the plant of figure 4, a compound material identified with the trademark ?Ecovio F Film C2332? is inserted respectively into the hoppers of the extruders to produce said first and said second external layers 13, 15? of the company? which is supplied to the extrusion head in the form of a corresponding molten mass, while the same compound material identified with the trademark ?Ecovio F Film C2332? is also always supplied in the extruder hopper to make said intermediate layer 11? of the company? and calcium carbonate in quantity? equal to 40% by weight of the material for said intermediate layer and is then supplied to said extrusion head 18 in the form of a corresponding molten mass. The extrusion head forms a tubular film composed of a corresponding intermediate layer 11 and said first and said second outer layers 13, 15 which is then processed as illustrated above until obtaining a sheet 10 with more than one layer. overlapping flaps that ? advantageously totally biodegradable and compostable, and which, in a balanced way, has good characteristics of elongation and resistance to penetration and reduced use of polymeric raw material.

REALIZATION EXAMPLE 7

In the plant of figure 4, a compound material identified with the trademark ?Ecovio F Film C2332? is inserted respectively into the hoppers of the extruders to produce said first and said second external layers 13, 15? of the company? which is supplied to the extrusion head in the form of a corresponding molten mass, while the same compound material identified with the trademark ?Ecovio F Film C2332? is also always supplied in the extruder hopper to make said intermediate layer 11? of the company? and calcium carbonate in quantity? equal to 10% by weight of the material for said intermediate layer and is then supplied to said extrusion head 18 in the form of a corresponding molten mass. The extrusion head forms a tubular film composed of a corresponding intermediate layer 11 and said first and said second outer layers 13, 15 which is then processed as illustrated above until obtaining a sheet 10 with more than one layer. overlapping flaps that ? advantageously totally biodegradable and compostable, which has high characteristics of elongation and resistance to penetration and which uses a small amount? of polymeric raw material.

REALIZATION EXAMPLE 8

In the plant of figure 4, a compound material identified with the trademark ?Ecovio F Film C2332? is inserted respectively into the hoppers of the extruders to produce said first and said second external layers 13, 15? of the company? which is supplied to the extrusion head in the form of a corresponding molten mass, while the same compound material identified with the trademark ?Ecovio F Film C2332? is also always supplied in the extruder hopper to make said intermediate layer 11? of the company? and calcium carbonate in quantity? equal to 25% by weight of the material for said intermediate layer and is then supplied to said extrusion head 18 in the form of a corresponding molten mass. The extrusion head forms a tubular film composed of a corresponding intermediate layer 11 and said first and said second outer layers 13, 15 which is then processed as illustrated above until obtaining a sheet 10 with more than one layer. overlapping flaps that ? advantageously totally biodegradable and compostable, which has high characteristics of elongation and resistance to penetration and which uses a limited quantity? of polymeric raw material.

In practice, how? Obviously, the above illustrated technical characteristics allow, individually or in respective combination, to achieve one or more? of the following beneficial results:

- a biodegradable and compostable sheet is obtained which allows easy covering of surfaces or products without causing damage to the environment;

- you get biodegradable and compostable sheet that can? be used in a particularly easy way, for example detached from a corresponding coil, without this facility? of use may ultimately cause damage to the environment;

- you get a biodegradable and compostable sheet presenting a plurality? owned physical, which make it suitable to be used in a plurality? of conditions and situations of employment, even quite different from each other;

- a biodegradable and compostable sheet is obtained which guarantees a certain degree of plastic elongation to the same sheet;

- you get a biodegradable and compostable sheet that? particularly robust and cut-resistant;

- you get a biodegradable and compostable sheet that? easy to open and takes up little space.

The present found ? susceptible to evident industrial application. The branch technician can moreover, imagine numerous modifications and/or variations to be made to the same invention, while remaining within the scope of the inventive concept, as amply explained. Furthermore, the branch technician will be able to imagine further preferred embodiments of the invention which include one or more? of the above illustrated features of the preferred embodiment. Also, must it be otherwise? understood that all the details of the invention can be replaced by technically equivalent elements.

Claims (20)

1. Sheet (10), in particular for covering surfaces or objects of various kinds; which sheet (10) ? of the polymeric material type and ? characterized by the fact that it is made of biodegradable and compostable material. 2. Sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that said sheet (10) comprises, or ? constituted by a respective intermediate layer (11) which ? interposed between a first and a second external layers (13, 15) of the same sheet (10). 3. Sheet according to claim 2, characterized in that the respective first and/or second outer layer (13, 15) is? in biodegradable and compostable polymeric material; and/or by the fact that said intermediate layer (11) of said sheet (10) ? in biodegradable and compostable material. 4. Sheet according to any one of the preceding claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the respective first and/or second outer layer (13, 15) is? made starting from at least one corresponding compound of polymeric raw materials, in particular of the biodegradable and compostable type. 5. Sheet according to any one of the preceding claims from 2 to 4, characterized in that said intermediate layer (11) is made starting from at least one corresponding compound of polymeric raw materials, in particular of the biodegradable and compostable type, and from at least one mineral filler; in particular said mineral charge being in quantity? comprised between 1% and 60%, by weight of the mass which forms the same intermediate layer, preferably from 25% to 50% by weight of the mass which forms the same intermediate layer, even more? preferably from 35% to 45% by weight of the mass which forms the same intermediate layer. 6. Sheet according to claim 5, characterized in that said mineral charge comprises one or more? of the following materials: Calcium Carbonate, Kaolin, Talc or others. 7. Sheet according to any one of the preceding claims from 2 to 6, characterized in that said intermediate layer (11) has a thickness which between 75% and 90% of the thickness of the same sheet (10). 8. Sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said sheet (10) is defined by a plurality? of strips, superimposed on each other, of a corresponding film (10?). 9. Sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said sheet (10), in particular before being opened or unwound, has a width (w) which is ? between 10cm and 50cm and preferably a width (w) around 35cm; and/or by the fact that said sheet (10) has a length ?l?, which ? between 1m and 50m, and preferably between 6m and 30m, and even more? preferably around 10m. 10. Method (100) for making a sheet (10); in particular for covering surfaces or objects of various kinds; said sheet (10) being of the polymeric material type; the process being characterized in that a biodegradable and compostable material is used to make the same sheet (10). 11. Process according to claim 10, characterized in that to make said sheet (10), a film is made, in particular a tubular film (10?) comprising, or consisting of, a respective intermediate layer (11) which ? interposed between a first and a second external layers (13, 15) of the same sheet (10), said layers (11, 13, 15) being in a radially overlapping condition. 12. according to claim 11, characterized in that the respective layer (11, 13, 15) of said film, in particular tubular, (10?) ? obtained through a compounding process, in that the respective first and/or second outer layer (13, 15) is made of biodegradable and compostable polymeric material; and/or by the fact that said intermediate layer (11) of said sheet (10) is made of biodegradable and compostable material. 13. Process according to claim 12, characterized in that said intermediate layer (11) is made starting from at least one corresponding compound of polymeric raw materials, in particular of the biodegradable and compostable type, and from at least one mineral filler; in particular by the fact that said mineral charge ? in quantity? comprised between 1% and 60%, by weight of the mass which forms the same intermediate layer, preferably from 25% to 50% by weight of the mass which forms the same intermediate layer, even more? preferably from 35% to 45% by weight of the mass which forms the same intermediate layer. 14. Process according to claim 13, characterized in that said mineral charge comprises one or more? of the following materials: Calcium Carbonate, Kaolin, Talc or others; in particular said mineral filler used, in particular the calcium carbonate, having a granulometry between 1 ?m and 15 ?m. 15. Process according to any one of the preceding claims from 11 to 14, characterized in that, in said film, in particular tubular, (10?), said intermediate layer (11)? made of a thickness that ? between 75% and 90% of the thickness of the same sheet (10). 16. Process according to any one of the preceding claims from 10 to 15, characterized in that a melt able to define said intermediate layer (11) of the tubular film (10?) is fed through a corresponding extruder (12), and corresponding first and second melts able to define said first and second outer layers (13, 15) of the tubular film (10?), through corresponding first and second extruders (14, 16), to an extrusion head (18) of said tubular film (10?). 17. Process according to claim 16, characterized in that, after having aggregated said layers (11, 12, 13), the same tubular film (10?) is enlarged, or stretched, radially creating a corresponding bubble configuration (10? ?), in particular said tubular film (10?) is enlarged, or stretched, with a ratio of swelling, or enlargement, or increase of the respective circumference, with respect to the diameter of the outlet die of the tubular film of the extrusion head (18 ) , That ? 1 to 5, or preferably 2 to 5. 18. Process according to any one of the preceding claims 16 and 17, characterized in that a respective longitudinal cut (10t) is made in said tubular film (10?) which allows to define corresponding separable extreme edges of said tubular film (10?). ), which tubular film (10?) ? configured to define corresponding and opposite first and second wide transverse walls (17, 19) which are adapted to be placed, in use, in contact with each other; by the fact that said tubular film (10?) has a first and a second wide transverse walls (17, 19) superimposed on each other in which at least one corresponding bellows is defined in the respective side area of mutual connection, or rather a corresponding bellows is defined first and second opposite lateral gussets (21, 23), for connection between opposite longitudinal edges of said wide transversal walls of said tubular film (10?); by the fact that said tubular film (10?) is folded with respect to a corresponding longitudinal folding line which divides said first and second wide transverse walls (17, 19) in such a way that the corresponding parts of said first and second wide transverse walls ( 17, 19) are superimposed on each other; and in particular by the fact that said tubular film (10?) is folded a second time according to a respective longitudinal folding line which divides said half-parts of said first and second wide transverse walls (17, 19) in such a way that the corresponding half portions of said first and second parts of said first and second wide transverse walls (17, 19) are superimposed on each other. 19. Process according to any one of the preceding claims from 10 to 18, characterized in that in the film, in particular the tubular one (10?), corresponding pre-cuts are made at predetermined longitudinal distances (1) for separating corresponding sheets (10). 20. Process according to any one of the preceding claims from 10 to 19, characterized in that said film, in particular tubular, (10?) ? coil wound, in particular without core.