IT201800009603A1 - BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD OF IMPLEMENTING SUCH BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - Google Patents

Description

Description of the patent for an industrial invention entitled:

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD OF

REALIZATION OF THIS BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

The present invention relates to a building construction, in particular a building for residential use, and to a method of carrying out such building construction.

As is known, in the building construction sector, in particular in building constructions for residential use, recourse to the construction / purchase of modular or prefabricated buildings as an alternative to traditional masonry constructions is increasingly widespread.

A first type of modular constructions of the known type comprises the so-called wooden houses consisting of a load-bearing structure defined by a wooden frame and wooden infill panels, or walls, which are possibly covered with layers of different materials suitable to guarantee, for example, a desired thermo-acoustic insulation.

This type of construction is produced in the factory and partially assembled there. The foundation works and various connections are carried out on site, while the subsequent pre-assembled parts are transported to the site and then assembled.

A second type of modular constructions currently available on the market comprises a series of self-supporting or structural panels which constitute the walls of the construction itself. These panels are shaped and manufactured in the factory already of the final shape of the walls to be made.

Thus, for example, the shaped panel already has through openings for the installation of any doors and / or windows. The foundation works are carried out on site and the shaped panels that make up the walls are transported to the site and then assembled.

Modular construction systems of the known type require particular attention in the factory manufacturing of the infill panels, whether structural or not, before their transport to the construction site.

Furthermore, these prior art systems involve particular construction complexity with the use of special machines and specialized technicians.

Furthermore, again, the self-supporting panels that allow the construction of modular constructions, being of a structural nature and therefore duly dimensioned in the design phase, limit if not even do not allow in any way to make changes (for example to the facade or to the positioning of the windows ) during construction, or subsequently. In fact, this would entail a variation in the structural characteristics envisaged in the design phase, with possible obvious risks on the construction as a whole.

Modular constructions of the known type therefore have an undesirable constructive and design rigidity that prevents the introduction of variations during construction, or even in subsequent times.

Starting, therefore, from the awareness of the aforementioned drawbacks affecting the current state of the art here considered, the present invention proposes to remedy them completely and effectively.

In particular, it is a first object of the present invention to indicate a building construction which allows to reduce costs and / or construction times with respect to known systems, with the same manpower and raw materials used. It is a second purpose of the invention to make available a building construction that allows to reduce the construction complexity compared to known systems and therefore the possibility of not having to resort to specialized operators for their implementation, thus reducing production costs.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a building construction which is more flexible than known systems and which simplifies the intervention operations for modifications, replacements or demolition of the structure with respect to known systems.

The said purposes are achieved by means of a building construction as per the attached independent claim 1, to which reference should be made for the sake of brevity.

Further detailed technical characteristics of the building construction of the current invention are contained in the related dependent claims.

Preferably, the external laminar structure of the module comprises a thermally insulating material, such as for example wood.

Preferably, the filling material of the module comprises a thermally insulating material, preferably rock wool. In addition, the filling material is chosen from sound-absorbing and / or moisture-repellent and / or fire-resistant materials.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, there are means for fixing the laminar structure to the filling material. Preferably, these fixing means comprise an adhesive substance.

According to a preferred embodiment of the building construction of the invention, the module has a parallelepiped shape, preferably a width of 66 cm and / or a depth of 20 cm.

Preferably, the transverse beam comprises an upper beam adapted to connect the two pillars at the top and / or a lower beam adapted to connect the two pillars below.

In a preferred embodiment of the building construction of the invention, at least one row of this plurality of modules rests on the lower beam.

The upper beam and / or the lower beam are preferably provided with abutment means suitable for defining a resting point / surface for the modules.

Preferably but not necessarily, the abutment means comprise a profile projecting from the beam.

In a preferred embodiment of the building construction of the present invention, the projecting profile comprises an L-shaped profile.

Preferably, the beam and the L-shaped section are made of metallic material. In this case, the L-shaped profile is preferably welded to the beam.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the lower beam is connected to the two pillars in a position such as to define an interspace between the lower beam and a support surface of said pillars.

Preferably, this gap is filled with a thermally insulating material, preferably a high-density insulating material, preferably extruded expanded polystyrene.

Preferably, the filling material of the aforementioned gap is light and easy to apply, transpiring and with high mechanical characteristics, resistant and long-lasting.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the bearing surface includes a foundation of the construction. Preferably, the bearing surface comprises the screed for a floor of a building room.

According to a further preferred constructive solution of the present invention, the construction comprises at least one surface covering layer of the modules, preferably a plasterboard and / or mineral wool layer and / or a foam panel and / or a fiber cement panel. .

Preferably, the boundary wall of the invention is an external perimeter wall of the building.

The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a building construction of the type described above as in the attached claim 15, in which it is indicated that the method comprises the steps of positioning a plurality of modules side by side horizontally and / or vertically to cover at least partially the wall area.

The aforesaid claims, hereinafter specifically and concretely defined, are intended as an integral part of the present description.

The aforementioned purposes and advantages, as well as others that will emerge in the following, will become more evident from the following description, relating to a preferred embodiment of the building construction of the invention, given as an indication and illustrative, but not limitative, with reference to the annexes drawing tables in which:

- Figure 1 shows an axonometric view of a building construction according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;

- Figure 2 shows an axonometric view of a supporting structure for the building construction of Figure 1 according to the preferred embodiment of the invention;

Figure 3 shows an enlarged detail of the construction of Figure 1;

Figure 4 shows an element of Figure 3 isolated from the rest;

Figure 5 shows an exploded axonometric view of a detail of Figure 1; - figure 6 shows a sectional detail of the construction of figure 1.

The present invention will be further clarified by means of the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof represented in the drawing tables. However, it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiment described below and represented in the drawing tables; rather it should be noted that the embodiment described below and represented in the drawing tables clarifies some aspects of the present invention, the purpose of which is defined by the claims. The present invention must therefore be considered as inclusive of all those variations and / or modifications that will appear clear to the man of the trade.

Furthermore, it should be considered that the present invention finds particularly advantageous application in the field of construction of building constructions for residential use and therefore for this reason reference will be made hereinafter to such a solution.

However, it is useful to point out that the present invention is not limited to the realization of constructions of this type. On the contrary, the present invention finds convenient application in all cases involving the construction of more or less complex building constructions, such as simple rooms (boxes, garages, closets) or multi-storey buildings.

A preferred embodiment of a building construction according to the invention, globally indicated with 1, will be described with reference to the attached figures 1 to 6.

According to an aspect of the present invention, the building construction 1 comprises a frame structure 10 provided with supporting beams 12 and pillars 14, as shown in particular in Figure 2.

Preferably, both the beams 12 and the pillars 14 comprise steel sections, preferably with a double T section (beams).

In other optional construction variants of the building construction of the current invention, beams and pillars can be made from equivalent load-bearing elements of different shapes.

The beams 12 and the pillars 14 are spatially arranged to define one or more delimiting walls 20 of the building 1.

For the purposes of the present description, reference will be made to one of these delimiting walls 20. More particularly, reference will be made to an external perimeter wall 20.

The frame structure 10 is mounted on a supporting surface 30. The supporting surface 30 is preferably constituted by a foundation plate, or bed, which preferably constitutes the screed for a floor of one or more rooms of the building itself 1 .

The wall 20 is substantially identified by two vertical pillars 14 spaced apart, an upper beam 12a and a lower beam 12b which connect the two pillars 14 transversely to delimit an area 22 of this delimiting wall 20.

This wall area 22 represents the area to be filled by means of an infill wall, as better described below.

In the embodiment illustrated and described herein of the building construction 1 of the invention, the upper beam 12a preferably but not exclusively has a double T section (beam) while the lower beam 12b preferably has a tubular shape with a substantially rectangular section.

The transverse beams, upper 12a and lower 12b, are preferably connected at their ends to the vertical pillars 14 by means of connection preferably comprising bolts. In preferred variants, this connection can be made differently, for example by welding or by means of an interlocking solution.

According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, the building construction 1 comprises a plurality of modules 50 side by side designed to cover at least partially the wall area 22.

In the embodiment illustrated and described here, the modules 50 are side by side only horizontally, being the height H of each module corresponding to the distance between the upper beam 12a and the lower beam 12b.

In alternative embodiments, the modules 50 can also be placed side by side vertically where their height H is less than the aforementioned distance between the upper beam 12a and the lower beam 12b.

The extent of the filling of the wall area 22 depends on which and / or how many openings are provided for the delimiting wall 20 in question, for example openings for doors and / or windows.

According to an aspect of the present invention, each module 50 comprises an external box-like laminar structure 52 and a filling material 54 of the external laminar structure 52, as illustrated in particular in Figure 4.

The module 50 preferably has a parallelepiped shape and the external laminar structure 52 preferably comprises 4 sides 52a, 52b, 52c, 52d mutually joined to define this parallelepiped shape.

In a preferred and purely indicative embodiment, the module has a width L equal to 66 cm, a depth equal to 20 cm and a height H equal to 270 cm, although in alternative embodiments of the invention, these dimensions may be different. and in accordance with the design constraints.

The outer laminar structure 52 preferably comprises wood. More generally, in any case, the external laminar structure 52 preferably comprises an easily workable material, with the possibility of fastening and easy to assemble: this material is also chosen from among the materials with the best thermal insulation characteristics.

In variant embodiments of the invention, the external laminar structure could be made of plastic material.

The external laminar structure 52 comprises, preferably but not bindingly, some stiffening crosspieces 56

The filling material 54 of the module 50 preferably comprises a thermally insulating material, preferably high density rock wool. The filling material 54 is also preferably chosen from sound-absorbing, moisture-repellent and fire-resistant materials.

In variants of the present invention, the filling material could be made of glass wool, wood fiber, EPS (English acronym with which sintered expanded polystyrene is commonly known and identified), lime, hemp, cork, straw and materials similar.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, there are means for fixing the laminar structure 52 to the filling material 54, preferably an adhesive substance, for example a polyurethane glue.

In the preferred embodiment illustrated and described here, the modules 50 rest on the lower beam 12b, with the advantages better illustrated below.

To facilitate the alignment and assembly operations of the module 50, the lower beam 12b includes abutment means 40 designed to define a support surface for the modules 50.

The abutment means 40 preferably comprise a profile projecting from the lower beam 12b. The projecting profile more preferably comprises an L-shaped profile fixed above the lower beam 12b. The L-shaped profile is advantageously made of metallic material and is preferably welded to the lower beam 12b.

Similarly, to further facilitate the alignment and assembly operations of the modules 50, the upper beam 12a includes abutment means 40 'designed to define a support surface for the modules 50.

The abutment means 40 'preferably comprise a profile projecting from the upper beam 12a. The projecting profile more preferably comprises an L-shaped section fixed below the upper beam 12a. The L-shaped profile is advantageously made of metallic material and is preferably welded to the upper beam 12a.

The stop means 40, 40 'allow to speed up the operations by the operator during the on-site assembly of the modules 50 and to ensure proper alignment of the same.

The abutment means 40, 40 'are also suitably associated with fastening means to allow the stable and definitive locking of the modules 50 to the frame structure 10, for example a plurality of holes 90 (visible in Figure 3) to allow the reception of screws fasteners (not shown for display convenience).

In alternative embodiments of the invention, not illustrated, the abutment means can be made differently and in any case in such a way as to define a support point / surface for the modules. For example, pegs projecting from the lower and / or upper beam can be provided.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the lower beam 12b is connected to the two lateral pillars 14 in a position such as to define a gap G between the lower beam 12b and the supporting surface 30.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the gap G is filled with an excellent thermal insulating material 60, light and easy to apply, breathable and with high mechanical characteristics, resistant and long-lasting, preferably a high-density insulating material.

Purely as a preferred indication, this material 60 consists of extruded expanded polystyrene panels (also known by the English acronym XPS), fixed to the lower beam 12b preferably with polyurethane foam.

Advantageously, the provision of a gap G and more advantageously its filling with thermally insulating material, or in other words with low thermal conductivity, allows the interruption of thermal continuity and the reduction of heat dispersion towards the outside of the entire construction. construction 1.

Still advantageously, the provision of a gap G allows the formation of rising damp to be eliminated or considerably reduced.

From the foregoing, it is clear that the construction of building construction 1 according to the invention requires lower times and / or costs than known systems, with the same manpower and raw materials used.

The beams 12 and the supporting pillars 14 are built in the factory and transported to the construction site area to be assembled and create the frame structure 10. The modules 50 are also built in the factory, transported to the construction site and assembled by positioning them dry according to the envisaged scheme, differently from what occurs in known techniques which require the transport to the construction site of entire walls already composed.

This solution therefore allows greater ease of transport with respect to the equivalent known art.

The assembled modules 50 advantageously make the wall 20 of the building 1 already insulating in itself. Modules 50, in fact, do not retain moisture.

It should be noted that the wall 20, obtained by positioning the modules 50, is further finished by means of one or more surface layers which confer further advantageous characteristics to the wall 20.

Figure 6 shows a possible embodiment of a wall 20 which, in addition to the module 50 just described, comprises the following surface layers (applied internally and externally to the module 50):

- a pair of plasterboard sheets 70;

- a layer of mineral wool 72;

- a polyurethane foam panel 74;

- a panel 78, preferably made of fiber cement and spaced from the polyurethane foam panel 74 by means of spacers 76 to define a ventilation chamber 80;

- an outer layer of shaving 82.

As an alternative to the fiber cement panel 78, elements in wood, metal or stoneware can be used, for example.

It reiterates that the subject of the present invention is also a method of construction of the building construction 1 described above, comprising in particular the steps of positioning a plurality of modules 50 side by side horizontally and / or vertically to at least partially cover the wall area 22.

By virtue of the description just provided, it is therefore understood that the building construction of the present invention achieves the purposes and achieves the previously mentioned advantages.

In the executive phase, changes may be made to the building construction that is claimed here exclusively, consisting, for example, in a form of the modules different from that described above and obtainable from the attached figures, which does not invalidate the advantage provided by the present invention .

Finally, it is clear that numerous other variations can be made to the building construction in question, without thereby departing from the principles of novelty inherent in the inventive idea, just as it is clear that, in the practical implementation of the invention, the materials, the shapes and the dimensions of the illustrated details may be any according to requirements, and may be replaced with other technically equivalent ones.

Where the constructive characteristics and techniques mentioned in the subsequent claims are followed by reference marks or numbers, these reference marks have been introduced with the sole aim of increasing the intelligibility of the claims themselves and, consequently, they do not have any limiting effect. on the interpretation of each element identified, by way of example only, by these reference signs.

Claims (15)

CLAIMS 1. Building construction (1) characterized in that it comprises a frame structure (10) provided with beams (12) and bearing pillars (14) arranged spatially to define at least one boundary wall (20) of a building construction (1), wherein said delimiting wall (20) comprises: - at least two of said pillars (14) spaced apart and at least one beam (12a, 12b) which transversely connects said two pillars (14) to delimit a wall area (22); - a plurality of modules (50) side by side horizontally and / or vertically, able to cover at least partially said wall area (22), in which each of said modules (50) comprises an external box-like laminar structure (52, 52a, 52b, 52c, 52d) and a filling material of said external laminar structure (52, 52a, 52b, 52c, 52d). 2. Construction (1) as per claim 1), characterized in that said external box-like laminar structure (52, 52a, 52b, 52c, 52d) of each of said modules (50) comprises wood. 3. Construction (1) as claimed in claim 1) or 2), characterized in that said filling material (54) of each of said modules (50) comprises a thermally insulating material, preferably rock wool. Construction (1) as any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means for fixing said external laminar structure (52, 52a, 52b, 52c, 52d) to said filling material (54). 5. Construction (1) as per claim 4), characterized in that said fixing means comprise an adhesive substance. Construction (1) as any of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of said modules (50) has a parallelepiped shape, preferably has a width of 66 cm, preferably a depth of 20 cm. 7. Construction (1) as any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least one transverse beam (12a, 12b) includes an upper beam (12a), adapted to connect said two pillars (14) at the top, and / or a lower beam (12b) adapted to connect said two pillars (14) below. Construction (1) as per claim 7), characterized in that at least one row of said plurality of modules (50) rests on said lower beam (12b). Construction (1) as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said beam (12, 12a, 12b) comprises abutment means (40, 40 ') adapted to define a resting point / surface for said modules (50 ). 10. Construction (1) as per claim 9), characterized by the fact that said abutment means (40, 40 ') comprise a profile projecting from said beam (12, 12a, 12b). Construction (1) as per claim 10), characterized in that said projecting profile comprises an L-shaped profile. Construction (1) as any of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that said lower beam (12b) is connected to said two pillars (14) in a position such as to define an interspace (G) between said lower beam (12b) and a support surface (30) of said pillars (14). Construction (1) as in claim 12), characterized in that said gap (G) is filled with a thermally insulating material, preferably a high-density insulating material, preferably extruded expanded polystyrene (XPS). Construction (1) as any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one surface covering layer of said modules, preferably a plasterboard and / or mineral wool layer and / or a foam panel and / or a fiber cement panel. 15. Method of manufacturing a building construction (1) as any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises the steps of positioning a plurality of modules (50) side by side horizontally and / or vertically to at least partially cover said wall area ( 22).