IT201800003206A1 - LIQUID FUEL CONDITIONING METHOD - Google Patents
LIQUID FUEL CONDITIONING METHOD Download PDFInfo
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- IT201800003206A1 IT201800003206A1 IT102018000003206A IT201800003206A IT201800003206A1 IT 201800003206 A1 IT201800003206 A1 IT 201800003206A1 IT 102018000003206 A IT102018000003206 A IT 102018000003206A IT 201800003206 A IT201800003206 A IT 201800003206A IT 201800003206 A1 IT201800003206 A1 IT 201800003206A1
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- conditioning method
- fuel
- metal conduit
- liquid fuel
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001095 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009725 powder blending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
- F02M27/02—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1208—Inorganic compounds elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
- F02M27/04—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by electric means, ionisation, polarisation or magnetism
- F02M27/045—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by electric means, ionisation, polarisation or magnetism by permanent magnets
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
- F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
- F02M31/12—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating electrically
- F02M31/125—Fuel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2250/00—Structural features of fuel components or fuel compositions, either in solid, liquid or gaseous state
- C10L2250/06—Particle, bubble or droplet size
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
- C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
- C10L2270/026—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for diesel engines, e.g. automobiles, stationary, marine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/36—Applying radiation such as microwave, IR, UV
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
- F02M27/04—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by electric means, ionisation, polarisation or magnetism
- F02M2027/047—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by electric means, ionisation, polarisation or magnetism with a pulsating magnetic field
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Description
DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION
Annessa a domanda di brevetto per INVENZIONE INDUSTRIALE avente per titolo Attached to a patent application for INDUSTRIAL INVENTION having the title
“METODO DI CONDIZIONAMENTO DI CARBURANTE LIQUIDO” "LIQUID FUEL CONDITIONING METHOD"
La presente invenzione ha per oggetto un metodo di condizionamento di carburante liquido. The present invention relates to a liquid fuel conditioning method.
In particolare, la presente invenzione concerne un metodo di condizionamento di carburante liquido per motori endotermici e combustori. In particular, the present invention relates to a liquid fuel conditioning method for internal combustion engines and combustors.
I motori endotermici alimentati ad esempio con carburante diesel, anche semplicemente indicati come motori diesel, sono ad oggi installati su numerosi veicoli, sia destinati all’uso privato che commerciale, in virtù delle loro ottime caratteristiche quali bassi consumi specifici di carburante, alta efficienza termica, alto rapporto di compressione ed elevata affidabilità. Endothermic engines powered for example with diesel fuel, also simply referred to as diesel engines, are currently installed on numerous vehicles, both for private and commercial use, by virtue of their excellent characteristics such as low specific fuel consumption, high thermal efficiency , high compression ratio and high reliability.
Purtroppo, tra gli inconvenienti connessi all’utilizzo dei motori diesel vi è il fatto che essi emettono una grande quantità di inquinanti, e questo tende ad influenzare negativamente la qualità dell'aria, in particolare nelle grandi città ove il traffico è molto intenso. Unfortunately, among the drawbacks associated with the use of diesel engines is the fact that they emit a large amount of pollutants, and this tends to negatively affect air quality, especially in large cities where traffic is very intense.
Quando si parla di inquinanti ci si riferisce essenzialmente alle emissioni di particolato e di ossidi di azoto (NOx). When we talk about pollutants we refer essentially to the emissions of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides (NOx).
Tali circostanze hanno spinto i costruttori automobilistici a modificare la progettazione del motore per ottimizzare le prestazioni e gli scienziati a ricercare modi alternativi per ridurre le emissioni (ad esempio nuovi carburanti o nuovi additivi per carburante). Such circumstances have prompted car manufacturers to change engine design to optimize performance and scientists to look for alternative ways to reduce emissions (e.g. new fuels or new fuel additives).
Le principali tecniche utilizzate per ridurre le emissioni del motore prevedono di dotare i motori di componenti aggiuntivi, come ad esempio il filtro antiparticolato (DPF) il quale è disposto a valle del motore per intercettare, appunto, il particolato presente nei gas di scarico. The main techniques used to reduce engine emissions involve equipping the engines with additional components, such as the particulate filter (DPF) which is arranged downstream of the engine to intercept the particulate matter present in the exhaust gases.
Oltre alle soluzioni riguardanti i componenti aggiuntivi del motore, sono disponibili soluzioni chimiche; modificando le caratteristiche di combustione del carburante si possono infatti ottenere migliori prestazioni del motore e quindi un maggior risparmio di carburante con la riduzione delle emissioni nocive dei gas di scarico. In addition to solutions regarding additional engine components, chemical solutions are available; by modifying the combustion characteristics of the fuel it is possible to obtain better engine performance and therefore greater fuel savings with the reduction of harmful exhaust gas emissions.
L' aggiunta di particelle metalliche nei combustibili si è dimostrato un metodo efficace per ridurre tali emissioni nocive, nonché migliorare l'efficienza del motore. Adding metal particles to fuels has proven to be an effective way to reduce these harmful emissions as well as improve engine efficiency.
Gli additivi metallici sono costituiti principalmente da composti destinati a disperdersi completamente nel gasolio o nella benzina. Metal additives consist mainly of compounds intended to be completely dispersed in diesel or petrol.
I ricercatori hanno studiato diversi metalli come manganese (Mn), ferro (Fe), rame (Cu), alluminio (Al), berillio (Be), cerio (Ce), e platino (Pt) per comprendere quali metalli siano più adatti allo scopo. Researchers studied different metals such as manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), beryllium (Be), cerium (Ce), and platinum (Pt) to understand which metals are best suited to scope.
Modificare il carburante potrebbe sostituire i metodi tradizionali che servono a ridurre le emissioni con il duplice vantaggio, da una parte di non richiedere l’installazione di dispositivi a valle del motore e, dall’altra, di migliorare la combustione stessa e le prestazioni del motore. Changing the fuel could replace the traditional methods that serve to reduce emissions with the double advantage, on the one hand of not requiring the installation of devices downstream of the engine and, on the other hand, of improving combustion itself and engine performance. .
È noto allo stato della tecnica aggiungere additivi metallici al combustibile per intensificare il processo di ossidazione del carburante nei motori diesel, per consentire una combustione più completa, per ridurre le emissioni nocive, per operare come agente stabilizzatore, antiossidante e tensioattivo. It is known in the state of the art to add metal additives to the fuel to intensify the oxidation process of the fuel in diesel engines, to allow a more complete combustion, to reduce harmful emissions, to operate as a stabilizing agent, antioxidant and surfactant.
Il principio di funzionamento proposto è che i metalli fungono da catalizzatori per il processo di combustione; in realtà, sono stati proposti due meccanismi per spiegare i vantaggi derivanti dall' uso di additivi metallici per ridurre le emissioni di fuliggine. The proposed working principle is that metals act as catalysts for the combustion process; in fact, two mechanisms have been proposed to explain the advantages deriving from the use of metal additives to reduce soot emissions.
È stato suggerito che durante il processo di combustione l'additivo metallico reagisce con l'acqua, producendo radicali idrossili che favoriscono l'ossidazione del particolato; in alternativa, gli additivi reagiscono direttamente con gli atomi di carbonio nel particolato abbassando così la temperatura di ossidazione. It has been suggested that during the combustion process the metal additive reacts with water, producing hydroxyl radicals which favor the oxidation of the particulate; alternatively, the additives react directly with the carbon atoms in the particulate thus lowering the oxidation temperature.
In estrema sintesi, numerosi sono i vantaggi connessi all’utilizzo di combustibile drogato con additivi metallici. In a nutshell, there are numerous advantages associated with the use of fuel doped with metal additives.
Studi sperimentali su nanoparticelle metalliche aggiunte al diesel, in un motore a combustione interna, hanno dimostrato che l'inclusione di nanoparticelle nel carburante agisce come catalizzatore ossidante, accelera la propagazione della fiamma all'interno del cilindro, abbassa la temperatura di attivazione del carbonio e, successivamente, promuove una combustione completa, riducendo il consumo specifico di carburante. I ricercatori hanno utilizzato additivi metallici di dimensioni nanometriche e la ragione è il loro miglior rapporto superficie/volume, che fornisce più superficie di contatto per una combustione rapida. L'inclusione della particella nano-metallica nel combustibile presenta pertanto più vantaggi rispetto alla particella micrometallica. Experimental studies on metal nanoparticles added to diesel, in an internal combustion engine, have shown that the inclusion of nanoparticles in the fuel acts as an oxidizing catalyst, accelerates the propagation of the flame inside the cylinder, lowers the activation temperature of the carbon and subsequently, it promotes complete combustion, reducing specific fuel consumption. The researchers used nano-sized metal additives and the reason is their better surface to volume ratio, which provides more contact surface for fast burning. The inclusion of the nano-metallic particle in the fuel therefore has more advantages than the micrometallic particle.
I ricercatori concordano sul fatto che le nanoparticelle nella formulazione del carburante possono fornire un miglioramento significativo nel campo di applicazione del sistema e suggeriscono che la tecnica migliore per produrre nanomateriali sia la macinazione meccanica e il trattamento termico al plasma insieme alla tecnologia del sol-gel. Researchers agree that nanoparticles in the fuel formulation can provide a significant improvement in the scope of the system and suggest that the best technique for producing nanomaterials is mechanical grinding and plasma heat treatment along with sol-gel technology.
Sono essenzialmente due i metodi noti attualmente utilizzati per aggiungere l'additivo metallico ai combustibili, sia attraverso il metodo di miscelazione della polvere che del sol-gel; tuttavia, il metodo di miscelazione della polvere è meno utilizzato a causa del suo costo elevato. There are essentially two known methods currently used to add the metallic additive to fuels, both through the mixing method of the powder and the sol-gel; however, the powder blending method is less used due to its high cost.
Anche il metodo sol-gel non è esente da inconvenienti in quanto, ad esempio, esso richiede oltre trenta ore per lo svolgimento dell’intero processo. Even the sol-gel method is not free from drawbacks as, for example, it requires over thirty hours to carry out the entire process.
Un altro aspetto non privo di problematiche è quello connesso alla miscelazione delle nanoparticelle nel carburante. Infatti, le nanoparticelle se non opportunamente miscelate tendono a formare agglomerati e questo potrebbe causare un peggioramento delle proprietà di combustione ma anche un aumento delle probabilità di intasamento del sistema di iniezione del carburante. Another problematic aspect is that connected to the mixing of the nanoparticles in the fuel. In fact, the nanoparticles, if not properly mixed, tend to form agglomerates and this could cause a worsening of the combustion properties but also an increase in the probability of clogging the fuel injection system.
Le metodologie note relative all’additivazione di carburante liquido mediante nanoparticelle metalliche presenta pertanto molteplici problematiche, sia in termini di costi, sia in termini di tempo. The known methodologies relating to the addition of liquid fuel using metal nanoparticles therefore presents multiple problems, both in terms of costs and in terms of time.
Scopo della presente invenzione è superare gli inconvenienti della tecnica nota proponendo un metodo di condizionamento di carburante che sia efficace e di pratica attuazione. The object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the known art by proposing a fuel conditioning method which is effective and practical.
Ulteriore scopo della presente invenzione è quello di fornire un metodo di condizionamento del carburante che sia di economica attuazione. A further object of the present invention is to provide a fuel conditioning method which is economical to implement.
Le caratteristiche tecniche dell’invenzione, secondo i suddetti scopi, sono chiaramente riscontrabili dal contenuto delle rivendicazioni sotto riportate, ed i vantaggi della stessa risulteranno maggiormente evidenti nella descrizione che segue. The technical characteristics of the invention, according to the aforementioned purposes, are clearly evident from the content of the claims reported below, and the advantages thereof will be more evident in the following description.
Secondo la presente invenzione è proposto un metodo di condizionamento di carburante liquido per l’alimentazione di motori endotermici, comprendente la fase di disperdere nel carburante liquido additivi metallici sotto forma di nanoparticelle e/o particelle subnanometriche. According to the present invention, a liquid fuel conditioning method is proposed for powering endothermic engines, comprising the step of dispersing metal additives in the liquid fuel in the form of nanoparticles and / or subnanometric particles.
Ai fini della presente trattazione si parlerà nel seguito di nanoparticelle metalliche con ciò intendendo riferirsi anche a particelle subnanometriche. For the purposes of this discussion, metal nanoparticles will be referred to below, meaning also subnanometric particles.
Analogamente, nel corso della presente trattazione si parla indifferentemente di carburante o combustibile liquido. Similarly, in the course of the present discussion we speak indifferently of fuel or liquid fuel.
Tale fase di disperdere additivi metallici nel carburante liquido è attuata mediante un processo di lisciviazione. This step of dispersing metal additives in the liquid fuel is carried out by means of a leaching process.
La lisciviazione è un processo utilizzato per l'estrazione e la separazione di sostanze metalliche quali ad esempio il rame e il ferro e consiste normalmente nella deposizione e nella migrazione delle particelle dal minerale puro ad una soluzione chimica acida. Leaching is a process used for the extraction and separation of metallic substances such as copper and iron and normally consists in the deposition and migration of particles from the pure mineral to an acidic chemical solution.
Ai fini della presente invenzione in luogo del minerale puro si è considerato un condotto metallico e il combustibile può essere visto come la soluzione in cui le nanoparticelle metalliche migrano dalla superficie dello stesso metallo solido. For the purposes of the present invention, instead of the pure mineral, a metallic conduit has been considered and the fuel can be seen as the solution in which the metallic nanoparticles migrate from the surface of the solid metal itself.
Si è provveduto ad installare, a monte di un motore endotermico a ciclo diesel, lungo il condotto di alimentazione del carburante, un dispositivo comprendente un tratto di condotto metallico atto ad essere attraversato dal carburante destinato ad essere iniettato all’interno dei cilindri. Upstream of a diesel-cycle endothermic engine, along the fuel supply duct, a device including a section of metal duct capable of being crossed by the fuel intended to be injected inside the cylinders was installed.
Il citato tratto di condotto metallico è vantaggiosamente realizzato in una lega metallica comprendente rame (Cu) e/o ferro (Fe). The aforementioned section of metal conduit is advantageously made of a metal alloy comprising copper (Cu) and / or iron (Fe).
Vantaggiosamente anche ulteriori e/o altri metalli sono compresi nella lega metallica con la quale è realizzato il citato tratto di condotto. Advantageously, further and / or other metals are also included in the metal alloy with which the aforementioned section of duct is made.
A titolo esemplificativo, la lega metallica comprende uno o più dei seguenti metalli: manganese, bario, platino, alluminio, samario, magnesio, cerio e argento. By way of example, the metal alloy comprises one or more of the following metals: manganese, barium, platinum, aluminum, samarium, magnesium, cerium and silver.
Il citato tratto di condotto metallico è stato sottoposto ad un campo elettromagnetico quando attraversato dal carburante. The aforementioned section of metal duct was subjected to an electromagnetic field when crossed by the fuel.
Vantaggiosamente la citata fase di sottoporre il condotto metallico ad un campo elettromagnetico è attuata predisponendo una bobina elettrica e avvolgendo la stessa attorno al citato tratto di condotto metallico. Advantageously, the aforementioned step of subjecting the metal conduit to an electromagnetic field is carried out by arranging an electric coil and winding it around the aforementioned portion of the metal conduit.
Il campo elettromagnetico agente sul tratto di condotto metallico, unitamente al raggiungimento di un adeguato stato termico del condotto stesso, consente vantaggiosamente l’attivazione di un processo di lisciviazione a seguito del quale particelle metalliche (nanoparticelle o aggregati sub-nanometrici) si distaccano dal condotto metallico e si miscelano nel carburante fluente all’interno del condotto metallico stesso. Il metallo si distacca, a seguito dell'azione del campo elettromagnetico, sotto forma di aggregati sub-nanometrici e/o nanoparticelle. The electromagnetic field acting on the section of the metal duct, together with the achievement of an adequate thermal state of the duct itself, advantageously allows the activation of a leaching process following which metal particles (nanoparticles or sub-nanometric aggregates) detach from the duct metallic and mix in the fuel flowing inside the metallic conduit itself. The metal detaches, following the action of the electromagnetic field, in the form of sub-nanometric aggregates and / or nanoparticles.
In particolare, grazie al campo elettromagnetico, allo stato termico e alla polarizzazione superficiale del condotto metallico che si viene a creare, gli atomi del metallo (rame, ferro, ecc..) sono resi suscettibili di distacco da tale superficie sotto forma di aggregati sub-nanometrici, per poi essere dispersi nel carburante che fluisce all’interno del condotto, a contatto con la stessa superficie. In particular, thanks to the electromagnetic field, the thermal state and the surface polarization of the metal conduit that is created, the atoms of the metal (copper, iron, etc.) are made susceptible to detachment from this surface in the form of sub-aggregates. -nanometric, to then be dispersed in the fuel that flows inside the duct, in contact with the same surface.
In buona sostanza, nanoparticelle metalliche o aggregati sub-nanometrici migrano dalla superficie del metallo solido costituente il tratto di condotto metallico, al carburante circolante al suo interno. Basically, metal nanoparticles or sub-nanometric aggregates migrate from the surface of the solid metal constituting the section of the metal duct, to the fuel circulating inside it.
Mediante opportune strumentazioni, ad esempio basate sulla tecnica nota come spettrometria di massa a plasma accoppiato induttivamente (ICP-MS), si è potuto valutare la concentrazione di metalli nel combustibile liquido. By means of suitable instrumentation, for example based on the technique known as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), it was possible to evaluate the concentration of metals in the liquid fuel.
Tale concentrazione di particelle metalliche si è dimostrata efficace sia in termini di abbattimento dei prodotti inquinanti della combustione, sia in termini di ottimizzazione della combustione stessa. This concentration of metal particles has proved effective both in terms of reducing the polluting products of combustion and in terms of optimizing the combustion itself.
Sperimentalmente si è potuto poi osservare che variazioni di intensità del campo elettromagnetico implicano differenti gradi di dispersione di particelle metalliche nel carburante. Experimentally it was then possible to observe that variations in the intensity of the electromagnetic field imply different degrees of dispersion of metal particles in the fuel.
Sperimentalmente, si è anche potuto osservare che variazioni della temperatura del condotto metallico implicano conseguenti variazioni nel grado di dispersione delle particelle metalliche nel carburante. Experimentally, it has also been observed that variations in the temperature of the metal conduit imply consequent variations in the degree of dispersion of the metal particles in the fuel.
A seguito del riscaldamento o del raffreddamento del condotto metallico è infatti variata la concentrazione di certi metalli sotto forma di nanoparticelle nel carburante fluito all’interno del condotto. As a result of the heating or cooling of the metal duct, the concentration of certain metals in the form of nanoparticles in the fuel flowed inside the duct has changed.
In particolare, come si è potuto osservare, il rilascio di particelle di rame dal condotto metallico (realizzato in lega contenente rame) al carburante si incrementa con l’innalzarsi della temperatura, all’interno di range di temperatura determinati. In particular, as has been observed, the release of copper particles from the metal conduit (made of an alloy containing copper) to the fuel increases with the rise in temperature, within certain temperature ranges.
Secondo varianti alternative del metodo appena sopra descritto e in pieno accordo con la presente invenzione, la fase di lisciviazione comprende la fase di sottoporre il condotto metallico ad un campo magnetico, da intendersi tecnicamente equivalente al sopra citato campo elettromagnetico. According to alternative variants of the method just described above and in full agreement with the present invention, the leaching step comprises the step of subjecting the metal conduit to a magnetic field, to be considered technically equivalent to the aforementioned electromagnetic field.
Vantaggiosamente, il citato campo magnetico è ottenuto mediante un magnete permanente disposto in prossimità del condotto metallico. Advantageously, the aforementioned magnetic field is obtained by means of a permanent magnet arranged in proximity to the metal conduit.
La presente invenzione raggiunge gli scopi prefissi e consegue importanti vantaggi. The present invention achieves the intended purposes and achieves important advantages.
Un innegabile vantaggio connesso al metodo di condizionamento di carburante secondo la presente invenzione è dato dal fatto che, in pratica, mediante la lisciviazione si ottiene contestualmente sia la “produzione” di nanoparticelle metalliche che la loro “additivazione” al carburante. Questo consente pertanto di ottenere in un'unica fase ciò che normalmente, secondo la tecnica nota, viene fatto in più fasi distinte: ovvero l’estrazione di nanoparticelle metalliche, la loro stabilizzazione e la successiva miscelazione nel carburante liquido. An undeniable advantage connected to the fuel conditioning method according to the present invention is given by the fact that, in practice, both the "production" of metal nanoparticles and their "additivation" to the fuel are simultaneously obtained by leaching. This therefore allows to obtain in a single phase what normally, according to the known technique, is done in several distinct phases: that is, the extraction of metal nanoparticles, their stabilization and subsequent mixing in the liquid fuel.
Mediante il metodo secondo l’invenzione non è pertanto richiesta alcuna attività di preparazione del carburante additivato ed anche i tempi di preparazione sono ridotti al minimo. By means of the method according to the invention, no preparation activity of the additive fuel is therefore required and preparation times are also reduced to a minimum.
Le circostanze appena indicate rilevate comportano come diretta conseguenza una evidente riduzione anche dei costi di produzione del carburante additivato con particelle metalliche. The above mentioned circumstances have as a direct consequence an evident reduction also in the production costs of the fuel with metal particles additives.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT102018000003206A IT201800003206A1 (en) | 2018-03-02 | 2018-03-02 | LIQUID FUEL CONDITIONING METHOD |
| PCT/IB2019/051671 WO2019167017A1 (en) | 2018-03-02 | 2019-03-01 | Liquid fuel conditioning method and device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| IT102018000003206A IT201800003206A1 (en) | 2018-03-02 | 2018-03-02 | LIQUID FUEL CONDITIONING METHOD |
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| IT201800003206A1 true IT201800003206A1 (en) | 2018-06-02 |
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| IT102018000003206A IT201800003206A1 (en) | 2018-03-02 | 2018-03-02 | LIQUID FUEL CONDITIONING METHOD |
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| WO (1) | WO2019167017A1 (en) |
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| US4590914A (en) * | 1984-06-11 | 1986-05-27 | Optimizer, Limited | Method for increasing fuel efficiency |
| US5307779A (en) * | 1993-01-14 | 1994-05-03 | Wood Don W | Apparatus for treating and conditioning fuel for use in an internal combustion engine |
| WO1995018935A1 (en) * | 1994-01-06 | 1995-07-13 | Powerplus International Corporation Limited | Fuel hose and apparatus for improving the efficiency of hydrocarbon and synthetic fuel combustion |
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| US20070044775A1 (en) * | 1983-06-08 | 2007-03-01 | Lan Way And Rong Ying Lin | Fuel saving heater for internal combustion engine |
| US7428896B2 (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2008-09-30 | Emission & Power Solutions, Inc. | Method and apparatus for use in enhancing fuels |
| US8707934B2 (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2014-04-29 | Gerald William Rowley | Fuel preheater and emission reducing device for diesel and other fuel injected engines |
| US10227956B2 (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2019-03-12 | Diesel Solutions, Llc | Fuel vaporizing system |
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- 2018-03-02 IT IT102018000003206A patent/IT201800003206A1/en unknown
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4590914A (en) * | 1984-06-11 | 1986-05-27 | Optimizer, Limited | Method for increasing fuel efficiency |
| US5307779A (en) * | 1993-01-14 | 1994-05-03 | Wood Don W | Apparatus for treating and conditioning fuel for use in an internal combustion engine |
| WO1995018935A1 (en) * | 1994-01-06 | 1995-07-13 | Powerplus International Corporation Limited | Fuel hose and apparatus for improving the efficiency of hydrocarbon and synthetic fuel combustion |
| EP1397589A1 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2004-03-17 | Crete Trading S.R.I. | A process for heating and double electromagnetic polarization of liquid and gaseous fuel, and the relative device |
| EP2865735A1 (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2015-04-29 | Fuelina, Inc. | Hybrid fuel and method of making the same |
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| WO2019167017A1 (en) | 2019-09-06 |
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