IT201700020947A1 - Anti-seismic brick and anti-seismic wall including this brick. - Google Patents

Description

"Anti-seismic brick and anti-seismic wall including this brick".

DESCRIPTION

The present invention relates to the construction field and has as its object an anti-seismic brick and an anti-seismic wall comprising this brick.

Recent seismic events have highlighted some criticalities inherent in the use of load-bearing brick walls and brick infill walls carried in "frame" structures; in fact, not only minimal damage was highlighted, such as the appearance of slight cracking states, but also and above all irreversible damage, such as overturning and total collapse of the masonry.

It should be borne in mind, among other things, that the collapse of the perimeter infill walls, or of the septum or spine walls, in the first moments of the earthquake, can cause the crisis of the entire building, bringing the building to an instantaneous variation of the inertial stiffness. with devastating effects.

Therefore, although brick, in itself, constitutes a good building material due to its relatively low cost and relatively high availability and ease of installation, it has not proved fully capable of serving as an element for the construction of walls with good characteristics. anti-seismic.

The main aim of the present invention is to provide a brick and an anti-seismic wall comprising this brick which solve the technical problem described above, overcome the drawbacks and overcome the limits of the known art, allowing to show better anti-seismic characteristics than the currently widespread solutions.

Within the scope of this aim, an object of the present invention is to provide a brick and an anti-seismic wall comprising this brick that are able to flank the reinforced concrete as an anti-seismic building material.

Another object of the invention is to provide a brick and an anti-seismic wall comprising this brick which are capable of giving the greatest guarantees of reliability and safety in use.

The aforementioned aim, as well as the aforementioned objects and others which will appear better later, are achieved by a brick and an anti-seismic wall comprising this brick in accordance with the attached independent claims.

One aspect of the invention is therefore a brick comprising a body provided with perimeter sides and which comprises seats intended to house at least reinforcement elements.

Another aspect of the invention is a wall which comprises a plurality of bricks of the type indicated above and at least a first and / or second reinforcement element housed in the seats of at least two bricks of the plurality of bricks.

In this way, the aforementioned purposes are fulfilled.

Further features and advantages of the invention will become clearer from the non-exclusive description of preferred, but not exclusive, embodiments of the brick and its wall, illustrated by way of non-limiting indication with the aid of the attached drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of part of a wall according to the invention comprising bricks according to the invention;

Figure 2 is an exploded view of two bricks of the wall of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a side view of the bricks of Figure 2 in operating condition;

Figure 4 is a plan view of the bricks of Figure 3;

figure 5 is a plan view of an advanced embodiment of the invention;

Figure 6 is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the invention.

With reference to the aforementioned figures, they show a brick according to the invention, indicated with the reference numbers 1 and 1A.

In the following, the description of the brick continues with reference to brick 1, since brick 1A is substantially identical: where necessary, the numerical references used for the latter are the same as those used for the first, followed by the letter A.

The brick 1 comprises a body 30 provided with perimeter sides 2, 3,4,5,6 and, according to the invention, it comprises seats 12,13,14,15,16,17 intended to house at least reinforcement elements 20, 21.

In its generality, the brick 1 can be made with building materials known per se and on which therefore no attention is paid.

Said seats preferably comprise first seats 12,13,14,15 arranged in correspondence with corner areas of junction 8,9,10,11 between perimeter sides 2, 3,4,5,6.

Alternatively or in combination (as in the case of the illustrated brick), the seats comprise second seats 16, 17 arranged substantially in correspondence with the center line of a respective side 2,3.

In the embodiment shown, the body 30 is substantially shaped like a parallelepiped, but in other embodiments (not illustrated) it assumes different conformations.

In the illustrated case, the perimeter sides include

a pair of first opposite sides 2,3 spaced and substantially parallel and full, - a pair of second opposite sides 4,5 spaced and substantially parallel and full, the second sides 4,5 being substantially perpendicular to the first sides 2,3.

Preferably, when the brick 1 is incorporated in a wall 50, the first and second sides 2,3,4,5 are arranged vertically, to form the side walls of the body of the brick itself.

Each first side 2,3 is connected, at opposite ends, to a different second side 4,5 in correspondence with the corner areas of junction indicated with the references 8,9,10,11; in correspondence of these corner areas of junction 8,9,10,11 said first seats 12,13,14,15 are provided, which are made concave, in the manner of an angular gap that extends for the entire length of the corner joint area 8 , 9,10,11 itself.

Ά completing the parallelepiped shape of the brick 1 there are then provided a pair of opposite base sides 6,7 spaced apart and substantially parallel to each other and perpendicular to the first and / or second sides.

The second seats 16,17, concave, are provided in correspondence with the center line of the first sides 2,3.

Preferably the dimensions of the first and second sides and of the base sides are multiples of a single module.

In the illustrated embodiment, the brick is in the form of a hollow brick; the body 30 comprises internally strengthening ribs parallel to the sides 2,3,4,5 and the base sides 6,7 are perforated and showing the internal ribs.

Preferably, the dimensions of the second seats 16, 17 are approximately double those of the first seats, so that when two bricks 1 and 1A are horizontally aligned at the same height, the first seat of one is adjacent to the first seat of the other, thus generating a combined seat having a lateral dimension equal to the second seats 16,17.

Turning now to the examination of the wall 50 according to the invention, it comprises a plurality of bricks 1,1A of the type described above and at least a first and / or a second reinforcement element 20, 21 housed in the first and / or second seats 12, 13, 14,15; 16,17 of at least two bricks 1,1A of the plurality of bricks.

In general, in fact, the reinforcement elements 20 or 21 can be indifferently housed in the first or second seats, compatibly with the design and installation requirements.

Furthermore, again in general terms, it is not necessary for the wall 50 to be made entirely with bricks 1 of the type described above, since it can also include areas in which such bricks 1 are present and areas made, for example, with traditional bricks or with elements in reinforced concrete or similar.

Preferably, the entire wall 50 is made with bricks 1 according to the invention.

The arrangement of the bricks 1, 1A of the invention can be realized in various ways.

In one embodiment, at least two bricks 1,1A of the plurality of bricks are substantially horizontally aligned at the same height and side by side with a respective second side 5,4A close together, as shown.

The wall 50 comprises a first reinforcement element 20 common for the two bricks 1.1A.

The reinforcement element 20 extends to engage the two bricks 1.1A and is, at least in part, housed in the first 12,13,14,15 and / or in the second 16,17 seats.

In particular, advantageously, the first reinforcement element 20 comprises an X-shaped bracket comprising four arms which branch off coplanar from a common center and each terminate with a respective end bent perpendicular to the respective arm.

The folded ends of two arms are housed in the seats 12,13,14,15 and / or 16,17 of a brick 1, while the other two folded ends are housed in the first and / or second seats 12,13,14,15 and / or 16.17 of another brick 1.

In general, the bricks 1 and 1A engaged by the first reinforcement element 20 can be immediately adjacent, as in fig. 1-5 or alternated with other bricks, as in the case of fig. 6; for this purpose it is sufficient to provide the arms of the reinforcement element 20 with a length and an inclination suitable for the intended use.

Still according to a variant not shown, the folded ends of the reinforcement element 20 have a length greater than the vertical dimension of the brick 1, so that they extend until they engage bricks placed at different heights.

Preferably the armature element 20 is metallic, made with a reinforcing steel rod (for example B450C, B450A, Feb44K or similar).

The reinforcement element 20 is preferably covered - once installed - by the cement mortar and the rendering plaster, so as to be invisible.

The reinforcement elements 20 increase the moment of inertia of the entire resistant section of homogenized area with respect to the barycentric axis (x-x) of the wall 50. The increase in the moment of inertia of the resistant section is of considerable magnitude, since the metal reinforcements are longitudinal arranged, due to their geometric condition, at a considerable distance from the barycentric axis (x-x).

In fact, remember that in the calculation of the moment of inertia with respect to the barycentric axis (x-x), according to the transposition theorem, the distance from the (x-x) axis comes into play as a factor of magnitude raised to the cube, in a directly proportional way. The reinforced section of the load-bearing brick is therefore particularly suitable for withstanding dynamic shear and pressure-casting actions that are typical and inherent in seismic impulses.

The seismic impulse, also according to the new legislation (NTC 2008 and subsequent additions), is identified and calculated in its intensity, but the identification of its vector direction of action on the structure is not foreseen; in this sense it seems logical that the composition along the axis (x-x) of the first reinforcement elements 20 is advantageously more functional to the directional unknowns of the seismic wave pulses.

The structure thus created is optimal for transforming the horizontal reinforcement thus devised into "tie rods and / or chain struts" which are highly effective during the seismic act.

Alternatively or in combination, the wall 50 comprises at least two bricks 1,1A arranged at different heights, with the first and / or second seats 12,13,14,15; 16,17 of a brick 1 aligned with the first and / or second seats 12,13,14,15; 16, 17 of another brick 1 placed at a different height.

In this case the wall 50 comprises a second reinforcement element 21 common for the bricks 1,1A and which extends vertically to engage them, being housed in the first and / or second seats 12,13,14,15 and / or 16 , 17.

The second reinforcement element 21 is preferably a tie rod arranged vertically and made with a reinforcing steel rod (for example B450C, Feb44K or the like).

The second reinforcement element 21 may have a larger or smaller diameter depending on the technical characteristics formulated and required by the structural designer, depending on the seismic zone in which the building will be located, and on the classification of use of the building itself and on the distance from the center of gravity of the structures. masses of the wall element in question.

It should be noted that, in general, in a wall 50 according to the invention only first reinforcement elements 20 or only second reinforcement elements 21 could be provided, or, as in the preferred and illustrated case, both first and second reinforcement elements 20, 21.

Each brick is preferably arranged inside the wall 50, according to a traditional overlapping scheme in the various successive courses, thus obtaining longitudinal alignments and linear geometric continuity of the first and second seats.

According to an optional and advantageous feature, the wall 50 further comprises a shock-absorbing element 29, for example a sheath made of elastomer or the like, which is housed in said first and / or second seats 12,13,14,15; 16,17 in an interposed condition between the first and / or second reinforcement element 20,21 and the first and / or second seats 12,13,14,15; 16.17 same.

In this way, between the relatively elastic reinforcement elements 20, 21 and the relatively rigid bricks, a shock-absorbing element is interposed which, within certain limits, prevents the latter from breaking when the latter are deformed.

Preferably, the shock-absorbing element 29 has a C-shape and dimensions such as to be able to be housed adhering to the walls of the seats 12,13, 14,15; 16.17.

In fact, by using elastomeric materials of a few millimeters thick inserted in the first and second seats, it is possible not to put the reinforcement element 20 or 21 in direct contact with the rigid and inelastic surface of the brick.

The elements 20 are sized in this case to be slightly abundant, so as to contain and harness the layers of elastic / elastomeric material.

This type of construction, especially in the bearing wall faces, or in the infill walls in "frame" structures, will avoid the occurrence of seismic damage such as cuts and cracks between pillars and brick walls, up to irreversible expulsion in the most extreme cases of the entire planking from its correct original position, compromising, as often happens, the economic interest for the entire global restoration of the building.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, and illustrated in fig. 5, the wall 50 comprises a covering panel 51 placed in correspondence with one of its external faces.

Advantageously, the covering panel 51 is also engaged by the first reinforcement elements 20 'similar to the elements 20 except for the fact that - for this purpose - they have dimensions such as to project towards the covering panel 51, to engage it.

The covering panel 51 can be, for example, a finishing panel, exposed hand guard bricks and the like.

In general, it should be noted that the wall 50 (with or without the panel 51) can constitute a load-bearing or non-load-bearing wall, framed or not by a supporting frame made of another material.

In practice it has been found that the brick and the wall according to the present invention fulfill the intended aim and objects, since they avoid (within certain limits) the collapse of the perimeter walls, or of the partition or spine walls, in the first instants of the earthquake.

The walls 50 thus made, in fact, resist (within certain limits) the earthquake, or suffer damage at the end of the same, limiting the structural and economic damage of the building in which they are arranged.

The invention can also be advantageously used in the construction of anti-seismic buildings (compatibly with NTC2008 and subsequent additions) to make a constructive element such as brick (or brick) 1 current and innovative, which can be both solid and hollow bearing (which can be both load-bearing be brought.

Furthermore, the brick thus made can be used in a traditional way, even without using the reinforcement elements 20, 21 described above, and laid in a traditional way, without losing any flexibility of use.

The brick and the wall thus conceived are susceptible of numerous modifications and variations, all of which are within the scope of the attached claims.

Furthermore, all the details can be replaced by other technically equivalent elements.

In practice, the materials employed, so long as they are compatible with the specific use, as well as the contingent shapes and dimensions, may be any according to requirements and to the state of the art.

Claims (12)

R I V E N D I C A Z I O N I 1. Anti-seismic brick (1), comprising a body (30) provided with perimeter sides (2,3,4,5,6), characterized by the fact that it includes seats (12,13,14,15,16,17) intended to house at least reinforcement elements (20,21). 2. Brick (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said seats (12,13,14,15,16,17) comprise first seats (12,13,14,15) arranged in correspondence with corner areas of junction (8,9,10,11) between perimeter sides (2,3,4,5,6). Brick (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said seats (12.13.14.15.16.17) comprise second seats (16.17) arranged substantially at the center line of a respective side (2,3). 4. Brick (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the perimeter sides (2,3,4,5,6) comprise a pair of first opposite sides (2,3) spaced apart and substantially parallel and full, a pair of second opposite sides (4,5) spaced apart and substantially parallel and full, the second sides (4,5) being substantially perpendicular to the first sides ( 2.3), - each first side (2,3) being connected at opposite ends to a different second side (4,5) in correspondence with the corner areas of junction (8,9,10,11) a pair of opposing base sides (6,7) spaced apart and substantially parallel, the base sides (6,7) being substantially perpendicular to the first and / or second sides, so that the body (30) is substantially shaped like a parallelepiped in which said first concave seats (12,13,14,15) are provided in correspondence with the corner areas of junction (8,9,10,11). Brick (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said second seats (16,17), concave, are provided at the center line of said first sides (2,3). Brick (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the body (30) comprises strengthening ribs, said base sides (6,7) being perforated. 7. Wall (50), characterized in that it comprises a plurality of bricks (1,1A) according to one or more of claims 1 to 6 and at least a first and / or second reinforcement element (20,21) housed in the first and / or second seats (12, 13,14,15; 16, 17) of at least two bricks (1,1A) of the plurality of bricks. Wall (50) according to claim 7, characterized in that at least two bricks (1,1A) of the plurality of bricks are substantially horizontally aligned at the same height and side by side with a respective second side (5,4A) close together, the wall (50) comprising a first reinforcement element (20,20 ') common for said two bricks (1,1A) and which extends to engage said two bricks (1,1A), the first reinforcement element (20) being partially housed in said first and / or second seats (12,13,14,15; 16,17). Wall (50) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the first reinforcement element (20) comprises an X-shaped bracket comprising four arms which branch off coplanar from a common center and each terminate with a respective perpendicularly folded end with respect to the respective arm, the folded ends of two arms being housed in said first and / or second seats (12,13,14,1516,17) of a brick (1) and the other two folded ends being housed in said first and / or second seats (12,13,14,1516,17) of another brick (1). Wall (50) according to one or more of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that at least two bricks (1,1A) of the plurality of bricks are arranged at different heights, with the first and / or second seats (12, 13,14,1516,17) of a brick (1) aligned with the first and / or second seats (12,13,14,1516,17) of another brick (1) placed at a different height, the wall ( 50) comprising a second reinforcement element (21) common for said bricks (1,1A) and which extends vertically to engage said two bricks (1,1A), the second reinforcement element (20) being housed in said first and / or second offices (12,13,14,15; 16,17). Wall (50) according to claim 10, characterized in that the second reinforcement element (21) comprises a substantially vertical tie rod. Wall (50) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that it also comprises a shock-absorbing element (29) housed in said first and / or second seats (12,13,14,15; 16, 17) in an interposed condition between the second reinforcement element (21) and said first and / or second seats (12,13,14, 15; 16, 17).