IL293547A - Meltable/castable explosive composition and its method of manufacture - Google Patents
Meltable/castable explosive composition and its method of manufactureInfo
- Publication number
- IL293547A IL293547A IL293547A IL29354722A IL293547A IL 293547 A IL293547 A IL 293547A IL 293547 A IL293547 A IL 293547A IL 29354722 A IL29354722 A IL 29354722A IL 293547 A IL293547 A IL 293547A
- Authority
- IL
- Israel
- Prior art keywords
- meltable
- explosive
- desensitizer
- castable
- explosive composition
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims description 156
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 143
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 229940090898 Desensitizer Drugs 0.000 claims description 78
- SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000015 trinitrotoluene Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CVYZVNVPQRKDLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitroanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O CVYZVNVPQRKDLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octogen Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000028 HMX Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 pharmaceutical Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- YBMMWNXKXKUSEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3,4,5-trinitropyrazole Chemical class CN1N=C([N+]([O-])=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O YBMMWNXKXKUSEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-tetrazole Substances C=1N=NNN=1 KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFCALAUEQXYQIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1,3,4-trinitrobenzene Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O LFCALAUEQXYQIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJTIRVUEVSKJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitro-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-one Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=NC(=O)NN1 QJTIRVUEVSKJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 description 1
- CYKMNKXPYXUVPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Ti] Chemical compound [C].[Ti] CYKMNKXPYXUVPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000586 desensitisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008241 heterogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011905 homologation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- VMWYVTOHEQQZHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynenickel Chemical compound [Ni]#[C] VMWYVTOHEQQZHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N picric acid Chemical compound OC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/005—Desensitisers, phlegmatisers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Description
DESCRIPTION Title of the invention: Meltable/castable explosive composition and its method of manufacture id="p-1" id="p-1" id="p-1" id="p-1" id="p-1" id="p-1"
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[0001] The present invention is situated in the field of meltable/castable explosive compositions. It may be employed in the field of the explosive charging of munitions by the melt-cast process. id="p-2" id="p-2" id="p-2" id="p-2" id="p-2" id="p-2"
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[0002] Existing explosive compositions based on a meltable/castable matrix, implemented via the melt-cast technology, are intrinsically heterogeneous because of the different insoluble granular species dispersed randomly in this meltable medium during the mixing phase. At the end of the implementation process, nevertheless, these charges are required to meet increasingly stringent demands. On the one hand, the meltable/castable explosive compositions must ensure that the charged article is homogeneous in every respect, in order to provide the safety performance and functional performance characteristics (primability, detonation, vulnerability – MURAT signature, an abbreviation of the French Munitions à Risques Atténués, for Attenuated-Risk Munitions). And, on the other hand, they are required to meet the specific constraints of the homologation of defence energetic materials. The integrity of the explosive composition in terms of the performance characteristics above must allow the munition to respond reliably in the course of its operational use, while reducing the risks of inadvertent firing in the event of handling accident or deliberate attack, and, if there is accidental explosion, to reduce the collateral damage for personnel and the launch platform. id="p-3" id="p-3" id="p-3" id="p-3" id="p-3" id="p-3"
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[0003] It is therefore vital to ensure the best possible homogeneity of the explosive charge after solidification in the body of the munition, in order to increase reliability of the safety and the performance characteristics of the munitions throughout their lifecycle (production, storage, transport, use and demilitarization). These formulations must also meet increasingly stringent demands (low dispersibility of the physicochemical and mechanical properties and preservation of these properties after ageing) which are described, for France, in the general instruction S-CAT 17500, edition 6, dated December 2019, and for NATO members in STANAG.4170, edition 3, dated 2008. Maintaining compliance with these statutory demands requires increased control over the homogeneity of charging of the munition. id="p-4" id="p-4" id="p-4" id="p-4" id="p-4" id="p-4"
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[0004] Controlling the homogeneity of the explosive composition in the munition is therefore key to meeting all of these demands. This control has hitherto been provided by the use of a single constituent, or by the addition of various additives for 2 stabilizing the mixture, such as surfactants, or else by a percentage by mass of granular species of greater than 60%. id="p-5" id="p-5" id="p-5" id="p-5" id="p-5" id="p-5"
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[0005] Historically, munitions were charged on the basis of picric acid and then 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene (TNT) after the Second World War. These charges were single- component charges, and therefore intrinsically responded to this homogeneity issue.
For reasons associated with the terminal performance and vulnerability performance of the munitions, numerous formations were developed by adding additives to this TNT base. The first path taken was that of integrating granular explosives into the historic formulations, such as RDX (or cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine, also known under the name hexogen) and HMX (abbreviation for High Melting point eXplosive, also called cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine or octogen), in order to produce very significant increases in the detonation performance characteristics (an example that may be mentioned is the composition B 60/40 – RDX/TNT). To obtain the desired performance characteristics and to maintain homogeneity throughout the charging cycle, a level of the order of 60% by mass of one or more solid species, with different particle size distributions, is introduced. This level enables a significant increase in the viscosity of the liquid mixture, to limit phase separation and sedimentation, but also allows the compactness of the species to be varied. The principle is that of determining as precisely as possible the particle size distribution that enables the maximum of granular species to be introduced into a given space. The main effect of this is to block the arrangement of the species relative to one another. id="p-6" id="p-6" id="p-6" id="p-6" id="p-6" id="p-6"
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[0006] A first prior-art solution, developed in order to ensure the homogeneity and stability over time of the composition, is to use surfactant additives. These molecules have the capacity to possess a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail, thereby enabling an increase in affinity between the TNT and the desensitizers, these being substances intended to make the explosive composition less sensitive to accidental impacts. Mention may be made of the compositions referred to in patents FR2750131 and FR2954308, which use surfactants from the class of the polyvinylpyrrolidones. id="p-7" id="p-7" id="p-7" id="p-7" id="p-7" id="p-7"
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[0007] The use of one or more surfactants for the purpose of stabilizing the liquid phase throughout the process of manufacturing the composition, up to solidification, requires the use of specific industrial equipment such as foaming mixers and rotor- stator mixers, on the one hand. This type of stirrer, commonly used in the cosmetics industry to form emulsions, is difficult to transfer to mixtures containing explosives.
The reason is that, by definition, these blades generate very high shear stresses, which might give rise to a pyrotechnic incident following heating or rubbing. On the other hand, the surfactants commonly used in this field were developed for the 3 chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and agrofeed industry. Their purpose is to form an interface between a "fatty" substance (long alkyl chain with low degree of functionalization) and an aqueous phase. For explosive formulations based on TNT, the issue is more that of stabilizing a heterogeneous or even immiscible mixture between two "fatty" substances with little chemical affinity, meaning that the majority of surfactants are ineffective or of little effect. A solution of this kind is therefore not ideal. id="p-8" id="p-8" id="p-8" id="p-8" id="p-8" id="p-8"
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[0008] Another solution from the prior art involves using only single-component explosive charges such as TNT or DNAN (dinitroanisole). A charge of this kind becomes completely homogeneous intrinsically, comprising as it does a single component. However, the intrinsic properties of these components do not enable a response to performance demands that are required for new-generation munitions (MURAT signature, enhanced terminal ballistic performance characteristics (for example: armour-piercing charges, etc.)). id="p-9" id="p-9" id="p-9" id="p-9" id="p-9" id="p-9"
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[0009] Another solution from the prior art involves increasing the percentage of solid constituents very greatly (beyond 60% by mass) and modifying the particle size distribution of each of the solid additives in order to attain maximum compactness.
The reason is that, once this compactness has been obtained, the various granular species are constrained mechanically so as not to undergo sedimentation or phase separation when they have been charged into the munition. Nevertheless, in attaining this compactness, the mixture becomes extremely viscous and entails a limitation on the castability of the resulting composition. It is then often necessary to increase the temperature of the mixture or even to generate a reduced pressure in the munition bodies (vacuum of the order of 50 mbar). Increasing the temperature leads to a significant increase in the energy expended for producing a munition, and performing the charging operation under vacuum is not compatible with the standard equipment used by the skilled person in this field of art. id="p-10" id="p-10" id="p-10" id="p-10" id="p-10" id="p-10"
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[0010] The invention aims to overcome some or all of the aforementioned problems, by providing a meltable/castable explosive composition that can respond to the increasingly severe demands imposed, in terms both of operational performance and safety performance for a MURAT signature, with a small number of components. The invention also has the advantage of not requiring a change in manufacturing equipment relative to the equipment customary in the field of art. The composition of the invention, moreover, allows the desired performance characteristics, for the charge obtained after solidification of the composition, to be tailored by simple adaptation in the proportion of its components, without affecting the process for manufacturing the composition. 4 id="p-11" id="p-11" id="p-11" id="p-11" id="p-11" id="p-11"
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[0011] For this purpose, a subject of the invention is a meltable/castable explosive composition comprising at least two components: - a meltable explosive, the meltable explosive being preferably a nitrated aromatic ring, and more preferably 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; - a desensitizer soluble at the melting temperature of the meltable explosive, - the desensitizer being present in a non-zero proportion by mass less than or equal to 10% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition preferably between 2% to 6% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition, and more preferably between 3% to 5% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition; - the meltable explosive being present in a proportion by mass of greater than % and less than 100% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition, preferably greater than 30% and less than 100% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition, and preferably greater than 40% and less than 100% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition, and more preferably greater than 50% and less than 100% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition, the sum of the proportions by mass of the components of the meltable/castable explosive composition being 100%. id="p-12" id="p-12" id="p-12" id="p-12" id="p-12" id="p-12"
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[0012] The desensitizer advantageously has a melting temperature greater than that of the meltable explosive. id="p-13" id="p-13" id="p-13" id="p-13" id="p-13" id="p-13"
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[0013] The desensitizer advantageously has a density of greater than 1.0, preferably greater than 1.2. id="p-14" id="p-14" id="p-14" id="p-14" id="p-14" id="p-14"
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[0014] In one embodiment of the invention the desensitizer may be a derivative of one of benzene, naphthalene and anthracene. id="p-15" id="p-15" id="p-15" id="p-15" id="p-15" id="p-15"
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[0015] In another embodiment of the invention the desensitizer is a benzenic derivative of one of benzene, naphthalene and anthracene which is functionalized with one or more groups from hydroxyl, carboxyl and sulfonyl groups. id="p-16" id="p-16" id="p-16" id="p-16" id="p-16" id="p-16"
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[0016] The desensitizer advantageously is naphthol, preferably naphth-2-ol. id="p-17" id="p-17" id="p-17" id="p-17" id="p-17" id="p-17"
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[0017] In another embodiment of the invention, the meltable/castable explosive composition according to the invention further comprises at least one component from an inert granular species and/or at least one energetic granular species, present in a proportion by mass of less than or equal to 60% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition, preferably less than or equal to 50% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition. id="p-18" id="p-18" id="p-18" id="p-18" id="p-18" id="p-18"
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[0018] The invention also relates to a munition delimited by a hollow body, the hollow body being at least partly filled with a meltable/castable explosive composition of this kind. id="p-19" id="p-19" id="p-19" id="p-19" id="p-19" id="p-19"
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[0019] The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a meltable/castable explosive composition of this kind, comprising the following steps: - melting the meltable explosive; - adding the desensitizer to the molten meltable explosive; - mixing the desensitizer into the molten meltable explosive to give a homogenized mixture. id="p-20" id="p-20" id="p-20" id="p-20" id="p-20" id="p-20"
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[0020] The invention also relates to a method for explosively charging a munition delimited by a hollow body, comprising: - the steps of the method for manufacturing a meltable/castable explosive composition; - casting the homogenized mixture into the hollow body of the munition. id="p-21" id="p-21" id="p-21" id="p-21" id="p-21" id="p-21"
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[0021] The invention will be understood better and other advantages will emerge from a reading of the detailed description of one embodiment given by way of example, the description being illustrated by the appended drawing, in which: id="p-22" id="p-22" id="p-22" id="p-22" id="p-22" id="p-22"
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[0022] [Fig.1] represents schematically the principle of the emulsion of a meltable/castable explosive composition according to the prior art; id="p-23" id="p-23" id="p-23" id="p-23" id="p-23" id="p-23"
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[0023] [Fig.2] represents schematically the principle of the solubilization of a meltable/castable explosive composition according to the invention; id="p-24" id="p-24" id="p-24" id="p-24" id="p-24" id="p-24"
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[0024] [Fig.3] represents schematically a munition comprising a meltable/castable explosive composition according to the invention; id="p-25" id="p-25" id="p-25" id="p-25" id="p-25" id="p-25"
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[0025] [Fig.4] represents a flow diagram of the steps of a method for manufacturing a meltable/castable explosive composition according to the invention. id="p-26" id="p-26" id="p-26" id="p-26" id="p-26" id="p-26"
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[0026] For clarity, the same elements will carry the same references in the various figures. For better visibility and in the interest of increased comprehension, the elements are not always shown to scale. id="p-27" id="p-27" id="p-27" id="p-27" id="p-27" id="p-27"
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[0027] The object of the invention is that of ensuring the homogeneity of the composition, with a simple and reproducible process for all types of concentrations, based on the solubility of the component or components added. Moreover, it is possible with the invention to limit the number of components in the meltable/castable explosive composition. In contrast to the compositions of the known prior art, where the tendency is to add increasing numbers of components, 6 such as surfactants, the invention guarantees excellent homogeneity of the meltable/castable explosive composition in solid phase, while ensuring a high level of insensitivity to accidental impacts and good detonation performance characteristics in operational phase. id="p-28" id="p-28" id="p-28" id="p-28" id="p-28" id="p-28"
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[0028] Figure 1 represents schematically the principle of the emulsion of a meltable/castable explosive composition according to the prior art. A meltable/castable explosive composition conventionally comprises a meltable explosive, for example 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (commonly TNT). It is necessary to add a desensitizer to this composition, to make the explosive composition less sensitive to accidental impacts. Moreover, in the existing compositions, and as explained earlier, surfactants or emulsifiers are necessary in order to ensure a certain level of mixing between the molecules. id="p-29" id="p-29" id="p-29" id="p-29" id="p-29" id="p-29"
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[0029] The desensitizers used are primarily mixtures of long-chain alkanes which are linear or have low degrees of branching, and which do not have a substantial degree of functionalization. These molecules have only low van der Waals interactions and have very little chemical affinity with the TNT. For temperatures greater than the melting temperature of TNT (of the order of 80.4°C, depending on the purity of the TNT), they form two-phase media. The use of a surfactant is in that case vital for improving the chemical affinity between the TNT and the customary desensitizers (paraffin waxes). This surfactant is selected by way of a hydrophobic tail which possesses high chemical affinity with the waxes, and a more hydrophilic head, which possesses a certain affinity with the TNT. For given ratios and given operating conditions, it is then possible to form an emulsion which is more or less stable over time. id="p-30" id="p-30" id="p-30" id="p-30" id="p-30" id="p-30"
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[0030] A prior-art composition of this kind, as well as including numerous components, has the advantage that an emulsion has to be produced. An emulsion is a heterogeneous mixture of two immiscible liquid substances, the one (the desensitizer and the surfactant) being dispersed in the form of small droplets of the other (liquid TNT). These two liquids do not mix spontaneously. A macroscopically homogeneous appearance is obtainable only with specific operations of stirring, mixing and optional addition of active principles. Microscopically, however, the emulsion remains heterogeneous. id="p-31" id="p-31" id="p-31" id="p-31" id="p-31" id="p-31"
id="p-31"
[0031] This problem is shown schematically in Figure 1. Reference A represents liquid TNT 12. Reference B represents the addition of desensitizer 13 and surfactant 14 to the liquid TNT 12. Reference C represents the combination of liquid TNT 12 and desensitizer 14 and surfactant 14, with a homogeneous appearance, after a number of minutes, 10 minutes for example, with appropriate stirring. As explained 7 earlier, this stirring is very specific and requires the adaptation of the existing manufacturing equipment and an increased competence on the part of the personnel with regard to this type of emulsion technology. Moreover, this stirring may carry a risk owing to the substantial shear generated by the type of stirring required, and may give rise to a pyrotechnic incident. Lastly, as can be seen very schematically in reference D, a number of minutes or even hours after stirring is discontinued, the combination of liquid TNT 12 and desensitizer 14 and surfactant 14 is not completely homogeneous. id="p-32" id="p-32" id="p-32" id="p-32" id="p-32" id="p-32"
id="p-32"
[0032] Figure 2 represents schematically the principle of the solubilization of a meltable/castable explosive composition 10 according to the invention. Reference A’ represents the liquid TNT 12. Reference B’ represents the addition of desensitizer 23 to the liquid TNT 12 according to the invention. Reference C’ represents the combination of liquid TNT 12 and desensitizer 23 after several minutes, 10 for example, with standard stirring. Finally, several minutes after the discontinuation of stirring, the combination of liquid TNT 12 and desensitizer 23 according to the invention is completely homogeneous. It should be emphasized that as well as ensuring homogeneity on the microscopic level, the mixing of the desensitizer into the liquid TNT is performed by existing mixing means, without additional difficulty. id="p-33" id="p-33" id="p-33" id="p-33" id="p-33" id="p-33"
id="p-33"
[0033] As will appear clearly in the description hereinafter, the invention relates to a meltable/castable explosive composition comprising a meltable explosive and a desensitizer whose chemical structure has very great chemical affinities with the meltable explosive. The TNT molecule exhibits strong van der Waals interactions, owing to the benzenic ring and the nitro groups in positions 2, 4 and 6. The TNT is also a strong Lewis base, owing to the non-bonding doublets present on the oxygens of the nitro groups. In order to ensure miscibility and hence maximum homogeneity of the solution, the structure of the desensitizer according to the invention features strong van de Waals interactions and Lewis acid functions. id="p-34" id="p-34" id="p-34" id="p-34" id="p-34" id="p-34"
id="p-34"
[0034] The invention relates to a meltable/castable explosive composition 10 which comprises at least two components, namely a meltable explosive 12 and a desensitizer 23: - the meltable explosive 12 preferably being a nitrated aromatic, and more preferably trinitrotoluene; - the desensitizer 23 being soluble at the melting temperature of the meltable explosive. 8 id="p-35" id="p-35" id="p-35" id="p-35" id="p-35" id="p-35"
id="p-35"
[0035] According to the invention, the desensitizer 23 is present in a non-zero proportion by mass which is less than or equal to 10% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition 10. id="p-36" id="p-36" id="p-36" id="p-36" id="p-36" id="p-36"
id="p-36"
[0036] According to the invention, the meltable explosive is present in a proportion by mass of greater than 20% and less than 100% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition, preferably greater than 30% and less than 100% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition, more preferably greater than 40% and less than 100% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition, and more preferably greater than 50% and less than 100% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition. The sum of the proportions by mass of the components of the meltable/castable explosive composition 10 is 100%. It should be noted that for a proportion by mass of the meltable explosive of less than 30%, it is preferable for the desensitizer to be present in a proportion by mass of between 5% and 10% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition 10. This enables the composition to maintain a sufficient proportion of liquid phase (before solidification of the composition) to ensure effective castability of the composition before its final solidification. id="p-37" id="p-37" id="p-37" id="p-37" id="p-37" id="p-37"
id="p-37"
[0037] In other words, the composition according to the invention is composed of the meltable explosive and up to 10% by mass of a desensitizer having the characteristics referred to above. In this case the proportion by mass of the meltable explosive is adjusted such that the sum of the proportions by mass of the meltable explosive and of the desensitizer makes 100%. In one variant of the invention the composition may also comprise granular species. In this case the proportions are adjusted such that the sum of the proportions by mass of the meltable explosive, of the desensitizer and of the granular species makes 100%. It should again be underlined that the composition according to the invention contains no surfactant nor emulsifier. The reason is that the judicious choice of the desensitizer allows the desensitizer to dissolve in the meltable explosive in liquid form, and traditional mixing ensures the homogeneity of the composition. Once solubilized, the desensitizer is perfectly well dispersed in the liquid meltable explosive, and this dispersion is retained until the material solidifies, which takes place generally in the body of the munition. id="p-38" id="p-38" id="p-38" id="p-38" id="p-38" id="p-38"
id="p-38"
[0038] The composition according to the invention allows an intrinsic response to the demands for homogeneity after the solidification of the explosive charge in the body of the munition. 9 id="p-39" id="p-39" id="p-39" id="p-39" id="p-39" id="p-39"
id="p-39"
[0039] The meltable/castable explosive composition comprises a meltable explosive, which is first melted. The desensitizer is then incorporated into the liquid meltable explosive, where it is mixed to form a perfectly homogeneous liquid combination.
This liquid combination is then intended for casting into a munition, where it will solidify. id="p-40" id="p-40" id="p-40" id="p-40" id="p-40" id="p-40"
id="p-40"
[0040] The meltable explosive is preferably a nitrated aromatic ring, and more preferably TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene). TNT has good detonation properties and relatively low impact sensitivity. A particular feature of TNT is that it melts at temperatures close to 80°C, thereby allowing the liquid-state charging of a metal casing (body of the munition) simply by the action of gravity. As the desensitizer of the invention is soluble at the melting temperature of the meltable explosive (for example approximately 80.4°C for TNT), the problems of inhomogeneity in the vessel and in the projectile after the cooling phases are greatly limited. Once solubilized, the desensitizer is perfectly well dispersed in the liquid TNT and this dispersion will be maintained until the substance solidifies. As well as the mixture of the meltable explosive and the desensitizer, both in liquid form, the chemical affinity between the desensitizer and the meltable explosive that is ensured by their chemical structure guarantees that the resulting mixture is coherent at the molecular level. After the composition according to the invention has solidified, therefore, the desensitizer is preferably well distributed in the medium formed by the meltable explosive. id="p-41" id="p-41" id="p-41" id="p-41" id="p-41" id="p-41"
id="p-41"
[0041] Nitrated aromatic explosives have a basic structure consisting of at least one aromatic ring and one NO function. An example of a nitrated aromatic explosive may 2 have a basic structure consisting of at least one benzene ring containing at least three NO groups and three other radicals denoted for example by R, R' and R''. A 2 molecule of this kind may be represented schematically by the following structure: id="p-42" id="p-42" id="p-42" id="p-42" id="p-42" id="p-42"
id="p-42"
[0042] id="p-43" id="p-43" id="p-43" id="p-43" id="p-43" id="p-43"
id="p-43"
[0043] There are numerous nitrated aromatic explosives whose structure does not include a benzene ring, being instead tetrazoles, triazines, triazoles or pyrazoles, and which may possess only a single NO group. These nitrated aromatic explosives may 2 be the meltable explosive 12 of the composition according to the invention. id="p-44" id="p-44" id="p-44" id="p-44" id="p-44" id="p-44"
id="p-44"
[0044] For 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, of empirical formula C H N O , or C H (NO ) CH , R 7 5 3 6 6 2 2 3 3 is a –CH3 radical and R’ and R’’ are –H radicals. It should be noted that there are also three trinitrotoluene isomers of TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene): 2,3,4-, 2,3,5- and 2,3,6-trinitrotoluene. While being less used, owing to their production as reaction by- products, and exhibiting slightly less advantageous properties than TNT, these trinitrotoluene isomers of TNT may also be used as a meltable explosive component in the composition of the invention. id="p-45" id="p-45" id="p-45" id="p-45" id="p-45" id="p-45"
id="p-45"
[0045] In the composition according to the invention, the meltable explosive is preferably TNT, although other meltable explosives are suitable, for example 2,4- dinitroanisole (DNAN), or N-MeTNP (for N-methyltrinitropyrazoles). The radicals R, R' and R'' may be selected from the following radicals: -H, -CH , -NHCH , -OH, -NH 3 3 2 and combinations thereof. In any event, the nature of the miscible molecule is adapted in line with the meltable explosive selected. id="p-46" id="p-46" id="p-46" id="p-46" id="p-46" id="p-46"
id="p-46"
[0046] In variants of the invention, the desensitizer is present in a proportion by mass of preferably between 2% to 6% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition, and more preferably between 3% and 5% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition. An increased proportion of desensitizer enhances the insensitivity of the composition to accidental impacts, and an increased proportion of meltable explosive provides good terminal performance of the munition in explosive terms. It is therefore judicious to select the right ratio between these two components. A proportion by mass of 2% to 6% of desensitizer in the total mass of the composition produces a good level of insensitivity well retaining good detonation characteristics. A proportion by mass of 3% to 5% of desensitizer in the total mass of the composition guarantees better detonation characteristics while ensuring a good level of insensitivity to impacts such as fire, friction and bullet strikes. id="p-47" id="p-47" id="p-47" id="p-47" id="p-47" id="p-47"
id="p-47"
[0047] The composition according to the invention therefore offers great flexibility in the development of new formulations relative to the target terminal performance, by simple adaptation of the percentage by mass of its components, without affecting the industrial means required for the competences necessary for producing such a composition. id="p-48" id="p-48" id="p-48" id="p-48" id="p-48" id="p-48"
id="p-48"
[0048] It is therefore clearly apparent that the explosive composition according to the invention does not require recourse to the use of additives such as surfactants, as is necessarily the case for TNT compositions with wax as desensitizer. The invention enables the expected final performance characteristics (terminal efficacy and MURAT signature) to be attained while eliminating use of additives and stabilizers and limiting the number of constituents in the formulation. The invention enables a microscopic response to the homogeneity demands arising from the general instruction and from STANAG. 11 id="p-49" id="p-49" id="p-49" id="p-49" id="p-49" id="p-49"
id="p-49"
[0049] Other variants of the explosive composition according to the invention are described below, with optional features which can be combined with one another. id="p-50" id="p-50" id="p-50" id="p-50" id="p-50" id="p-50"
id="p-50"
[0050] The desensitizer advantageously has a melting temperature greater than that of the meltable explosive. A high melting point on the part of the desensitizer permits substantial limitation of the problems of exudation of the explosive charge during the lifecycle of the munition. id="p-51" id="p-51" id="p-51" id="p-51" id="p-51" id="p-51"
id="p-51"
[0051] The desensitizer advantageously has a density of greater than 1.0, and preferably greater than 1.2. The density of the explosive charge is directly linked to certain performance characteristics of the munition, such as the fragment projection velocity, and the aim is therefore to obtain as high as possible a density of explosive charge. id="p-52" id="p-52" id="p-52" id="p-52" id="p-52" id="p-52"
id="p-52"
[0052] In one variant of the invention the desensitizer may be a benzenic derivative from among benzene, naphthalene, and anthracene. The structure of the desensitizer exhibits strong van der Waals interactions and Lewis acid functions. This structure ensures miscibility and therefore maximum homogeneity of the solution. id="p-53" id="p-53" id="p-53" id="p-53" id="p-53" id="p-53"
id="p-53"
[0053] In another variant of the invention, the desensitizer may be a derivative from among benzene, naphthalene and anthracene, functionalized with one or more groups from among hydroxyl, carboxyl and sulfonyl groups. These classes of molecules enable the solubilization of up to at least 10% by mass of the desensitizer in the liquid medium, the meltable explosive, preferably TNT, and this enables coverage of all of the expected current demands in terms of performance characteristics and safety. id="p-54" id="p-54" id="p-54" id="p-54" id="p-54" id="p-54"
id="p-54"
[0054] By virtue of judicious selection of the properties of the desensitizer, the strong chemical affinity at the molecular level between the meltable explosive and the desensitizer ensures the homogeneity of the mixture in liquid phase. id="p-55" id="p-55" id="p-55" id="p-55" id="p-55" id="p-55"
id="p-55"
[0055] In one embodiment of the invention, the desensitizer is naphthol, preferably naphth-2-ol. This desensitizer responds to the problem of homogeneity of the explosive charge and compatibility with the ReaCH regulations (European environmental regulations). In addition its long-term supply is secured. The naphth-2- ol desensitizer has a melting point significantly greater than that of TNT, namely 120°C, and possesses a density of 1.2, which is very largely superior to the values for insoluble waxes which are commonly used for the same type of desensitization functionality (melting point of 30 to 79°C and density of 0.6 to 0.9). This desensitizer limits the problems of exudation of the explosive charge during the lifecycle of the munition, and guarantees the final performance. 12 id="p-56" id="p-56" id="p-56" id="p-56" id="p-56" id="p-56"
id="p-56"
[0056] It may be noted that its isomer, naphth-1-ol, is also suitable as a desensitizer in the composition according to the invention. id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57"
id="p-57"
[0057] As already set out, the meltable/castable explosive composition according to the invention may further comprise at least one component from an inert granular species and/or at least one energetic granular species, present in a proportion by mass of less than or equal to 60% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition, preferably less than or equal to 50% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition. The inert granular species may comprise an oxidizing product, such as perchlorate salts, and/or a reducing product, such as aluminium or tungsten, at various percentages by mass. The energetic granular species may comprise high energy materials (HEMs) such as ONTA (3-nitro-1,2,4- triazol-5-one, or oxynitrotriazole), RDX, HMX and also high energy density materials (HEDMs), and also pyrotechnic compositions such as titanium carbon and nickel carbon. The addition of these energetic granular species to the composition enhances the detonation performance of the composition. Depending on the proportion by mass of the granular species, the proportion by mass of the meltable explosive and of the desensitizer is adapted, such that the sum of the proportions by mass of the components of the meltable/castable explosive composition 10 is 100%. id="p-58" id="p-58" id="p-58" id="p-58" id="p-58" id="p-58"
id="p-58"
[0058] It can therefore be seen that the explosive composition of the invention differs from the composition disclosed in document FR2954308 in that it contains no emulsifier or other additive acting to contribute to the cohesion of the mixture. In the invention, homogeneity is ensured by simple mixing of two species: the liquid meltable explosive and the desensitizer exhibiting the appropriate properties. id="p-59" id="p-59" id="p-59" id="p-59" id="p-59" id="p-59"
id="p-59"
[0059] Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a munition 50 comprising a meltable/castable explosive composition 10 according to the invention. The munition 50 is delimited by a hollow body 51, the hollow body 51 being at least partly filled with the meltable/castable explosive composition 10 according to the invention. id="p-60" id="p-60" id="p-60" id="p-60" id="p-60" id="p-60"
id="p-60"
[0060] Figure 4 represents a flow diagram of the steps in a method for manufacturing a meltable/castable explosive composition 10 according to the invention. The method for manufacturing a meltable/castable explosive composition 10 according to the invention comprises the following steps: - melting (step 100) the meltable explosive 12; - adding (step 101) the desensitizer 23 to the molten meltable explosive 12; - mixing (step 102) the desensitizer 23 into the molten meltable explosive 12 to give a homogenized mixture. 13 id="p-61" id="p-61" id="p-61" id="p-61" id="p-61" id="p-61"
id="p-61"
[0061] Step 101 of adding the desensitizer 23 to the molten meltable explosive 12 preferably takes place directly, meaning that the desensitizer 23 in solid form at ambient temperature is added to the liquid meltable explosive 12. It is also possible, however, to contemplate adding the desensitizer 23 already in liquid form to the molten (liquid) meltable explosive 12. In this latter case, the desensitizer is melted in a step prior to step 101. id="p-62" id="p-62" id="p-62" id="p-62" id="p-62" id="p-62"
id="p-62"
[0062] The invention also relates to a method for explosively charging a munition 50 delimited by a hollow body 51, comprising: - the steps of the method for manufacturing a meltable/castable explosive composition described above; - casting (step 103) the homogenized mixture into the hollow body 51 of the munition 50. id="p-63" id="p-63" id="p-63" id="p-63" id="p-63" id="p-63"
id="p-63"
[0063] This method to which the invention relates is the method of explosive charging of munitions by melt casting. In munitions activity, the invention can be employed in the field of artillery, naval and airborne munitions, bombs, mines, grenades, and warheads. id="p-64" id="p-64" id="p-64" id="p-64" id="p-64" id="p-64"
id="p-64"
[0064] The implementation of this solution in the explosive charges allows retention of all of the current industrial equipment and means belonging to the melt-cast process, and does not require recourse to competences which the person skilled in the art does not have. id="p-65" id="p-65" id="p-65" id="p-65" id="p-65" id="p-65"
id="p-65"
[0065] This solution is therefore compatible and readily transferable to standard equipment of the melt-cast process by those skilled in the art, as it does not employ competences specific to the chemistry of emulsions and/or specific production equipment. id="p-66" id="p-66" id="p-66" id="p-66" id="p-66" id="p-66"
id="p-66"
[0066] The outcome is that the meltable/castable explosive composition according to the invention exhibits numerous advantages. The desensitizer soluble in the liquid meltable explosive is an intrinsic response to the problem of inhomogeneity, by virtue of its chemical affinity with the meltable explosive. Dispersion of the product is optimal and is retained over time. The solution provided by the invention greatly reduces the range observed for inhomogeneity in terms of concentration of the charge. Conventional compositions exhibit a range of inhomogeneity of ± 2%, whereas the composition according to the invention has a range of inhomogeneity of ± 0.5%. Moreover, the solution proposed by the invention can be transferred directly to the existing implementation processes and does not require any extra competence in the complex field of emulsions. The composition according to the invention does not require recourse to the addition of additives such as surfactants, which have hitherto been necessarily associated for a composition based on meltable explosive 14 (TNT) and desensitizer (wax). The invention enables performance characteristics of the munition to be controlled by adapting the percentage of the desensitizer in the composition, without requiring any change to the manufacturing method involved. id="p-67" id="p-67" id="p-67" id="p-67" id="p-67" id="p-67"
id="p-67"
[0067] It will be apparent more generally to the person skilled in the art that various modifications may be made to the embodiments described above, in the light of the teaching that has just been disclosed to said person. In the claims which follow, the terms used should not be interpreted as limiting the claims to the embodiments set out in the present description, but should be interpreted to include therein all of the equivalents that the claims are intended to cover by virtue of their wording and as may be foreseen by the person skilled in the art on the basis of their general knowledge.
Claims (10)
1. Meltable/castable explosive composition (10), characterized in that it comprises at least two components: - a meltable explosive (12), the meltable explosive being preferably a nitrated aromatic ring, and more preferably 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; - a desensitizer (23) soluble at the melting temperature of the meltable explosive (12), and in that - the desensitizer (23) is present in a non-zero proportion by mass less than or equal to 10% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition (10), preferably between 2% to 6% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition (10), and more preferably between 3% to 5% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition (10); - the meltable explosive (12) is present in a proportion by mass of greater than 20% and less than 100% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition (10), preferably greater than 30% and less than 100% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition (10), and preferably greater than 40% and less than 100% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition (10), and more preferably greater than 50% and less than 100% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition (10), the sum of the proportions by mass of the components of the meltable/castable explosive composition (10) being 100%.
2. Meltable/castable explosive composition (10) according to Claim 1, wherein the desensitizer (23) has a melting temperature greater than that of the meltable explosive (12).
3. Meltable/castable explosive composition (10) according to either of Claims 1 and 2, wherein the desensitizer (23) has a density of greater than 1.0, preferably greater than 1.2.
4. Meltable/castable explosive composition (10) according to any of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the desensitizer (23) is a derivative of one of benzene, naphthalene and anthracene.
5. Meltable/castable explosive composition (10) according to any of Claims 1 to 4, wherein the desensitizer (23) is a benzenic derivative of one of benzene, naphthalene and anthracene which is functionalized with one or more groups from hydroxyl, carboxyl and sulfonyl groups. 16
6. Meltable/castable explosive composition (10) according to any of Claims 1 to 5, wherein the desensitizer (23) is naphthol, preferably naphth-2-ol.
7. Meltable/castable explosive composition (10) according to any of Claims 1 to 6, further comprising at least one component from an inert granular species and/or at least one energetic granular species, present in a proportion by mass of less than or equal to 60% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition, preferably less than or equal to 50% of the total mass of the meltable/castable explosive composition.
8. Munition (50) delimited by a hollow body (51), characterized in that the hollow body (51) is at least partly filled with the meltable/castable explosive composition (10) according to any of Claims 1 to 7.
9. Method for manufacturing a meltable/castable explosive composition according to any of Claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: - melting (100) the meltable explosive (12); - adding (101) the desensitizer (23) to the molten meltable explosive (12); - mixing (102) the desensitizer (23) into the molten meltable explosive (12) to give a homogenized mixture.
10. Method for explosively charging a munition (50) delimited by a hollow body (51) comprising: - the steps of the method for manufacturing a meltable/castable explosive composition according to Claim 9; - casting (103) the homogenized mixture into the hollow body (51) of the munition (50).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2105849A FR3123649A1 (en) | 2021-06-03 | 2021-06-03 | FUSIBLE/FLOWABLE EXPLOSIVE COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR MAKING IT |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IL293547A true IL293547A (en) | 2023-01-01 |
Family
ID=78770662
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL293547A IL293547A (en) | 2021-06-03 | 2022-06-02 | Meltable/castable explosive composition and its method of manufacture |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4098642A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2022186669A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR3123649A1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL293547A (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB574879A (en) * | 1942-11-18 | 1946-01-24 | Ernest Gordon Cockbain | Improvements relating to explosive compositions |
| SE7509682L (en) * | 1975-09-01 | 1977-03-02 | Nobel Ab Nitro | FERGAD EXPLOSIVE COMPOSITION |
| NO178024C (en) * | 1993-12-01 | 1996-01-10 | Dyno Industrier As | Phlegmatized explosive |
| FR2750131B1 (en) | 1996-06-19 | 1998-07-17 | Giat Ind Sa | EXPLOSIVE COMPOSITION MELT / CASTABLE AND WITH REDUCED VULNERABILITY |
| FR2954308B1 (en) | 2009-12-23 | 2012-02-24 | Nexter Munitions | FUSIBLE / COULABLE EXPLOSIVE COMPOSITION WITH REDUCED VULNERABILITY |
-
2021
- 2021-06-03 FR FR2105849A patent/FR3123649A1/en active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-06-02 EP EP22176934.2A patent/EP4098642A1/en active Pending
- 2022-06-02 IL IL293547A patent/IL293547A/en unknown
- 2022-06-03 JP JP2022090814A patent/JP2022186669A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4098642A1 (en) | 2022-12-07 |
| FR3123649A1 (en) | 2022-12-09 |
| JP2022186669A (en) | 2022-12-15 |
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