IL130520A - Value and security product with at least one security characteristic, method for its production and method for detection of the security characteristics - Google Patents

Abstract

Value-related and security products, espectially value-related products such as bank notes (bills), check forms, shares, personnel documents, credit-and check- cards with at least one security feature consisting of a gaseous detectable substance, are characterized by the gaseous substance that is firmly placed in or on the value-related product and is transferable at least partially in the gaseous state by targeted energy source disintegrated or integrated. 3201 ח' בטבת התשס" ב - December 23, 2001

Description

VALUE AND SECURITY PRODUCT WITH AT LEAST ONE SECURITY CHARACTERISTIC, METHOD FOR ITS PRODUCTION AND METHOD FOR DETECTION OF THE SECURITY CHARACTERISTICS nw*? ,ΊΚΗ ηυι οκο mnffc ? m>mj nriOD *py to -I*I The invention pertains to value-related and security products, espec a y value-related documents in the form of bank notes (paper currencies), check forms: shares, personnel documents, credit- and check cards and suchlike.

Admittedly the US 5,409,839 makes known a process, which concerns the value-related document, that describes the application of perfluoro-carbon (PFC) as a marking-material. In this publication a procedure is described to make known a process in which illegal drugs, harvested products, chemical compounds and currencies are recognized. Such marking materials are available in micro-encapsulated form and are thrown off airplanes on harvest fields to mark, for example, certain harvests (also of the illegal nature). The marking materials are also used for environmental and health purposes.

Another field of application described in this publication is the use of marking bills, which can later be recognized and identified (for example, with kidnapping cases).

It becomes more and more necessary to include features on value-related and security products (especially value-related documents) that prove their genuineness, originality and authenticity. The security features should be as inseparable and interconnected as possible to the product that is to be authorized and have characteristics which are difficult to reproduce.

Numerous security features that are used with value-related documents are known, such as fluorescent stripes, holograms and suchlike, whose manufacture and applications are generally known. Special significance shall be given here to the mechanical ability to recognize security features.

Special colors with spectral peculiarities or magnetic qualities or temperature dependent colors, such as thermo-chrome colors can also be used as security features. Barcodes, which use reflection differences in the surface or fence structures or also foil antennas, which use the resonance frequency in a resonant circuit can also be used as security features.

The known machine-readable security features are common; these admittedly differ in the degree of counterfeit or forgery security, but are generally reproducible at varying costs and are usually made optically visible. So, consequently, there is no sufficient security against forgeries.

Examples for such security features are described in the EP 0440045 61 (optically variable elements, as for example, holograms), DE 4343387 A l (visually identifiable optical elements), EP 0683471 Λ 1 and DE 31 16257 C2 (magnetic elements), DE 3 121484 C2, DE 3121523 C2 (optical, especially luminescent elements) and DE 4344552 A 1 (pulverized identifying material with particular physical properties).

The object of the invention is based on the task of developing a value-related or security product with security features, which essentially improve security and forger}' detection.

To solve this task the invention, according to Claim 1, is a value-related and security product and, according to Claim 20, is a process (as well as Claim 24 which is an application of a process) in which the security feature consists of a gaseous detectable substance. The gaseous substance is an identifying material that proves the genuineness of the value-related and security products; that is, the originality and / or authenticity with a large measure of security, and so fundamentally improves security against forgeries of the invention-related value products and security products. The security feature, made of a gaseous substance, is detectable in the gaseous phase as a gaseous material or material mix. There are no revealing indications of the underlying security characteristics, as there arc, for example, with barcodes, holograms or foil antennas.

The invention-related security feature, a gaseous detectable substance can be available as well without the additional aid of human detection. Even though it is not perceptible by the human nose, it can be detected exclusively by known electronic noses or other instrumental or analytical methods. The security feature can be passive in that it cannot be recognized by human sensory organs. It can, however, also be active in that a gaseous component is being released continuously from the value-related document. Passive and active security features can be added together, increasing the security against forgery. Without knowledge of the verification technology of the detectable gaseous substance, there is no indication of the added security feature and there is no basis for the complete imitation of vaiue-related and security products, including those security features in the form of detectable gaseous substances. It is essential that the security feature's detectable gaseous substance is not perceptible visually or by optical methods or procedures.

The security feature, a gaseous substance, can be in a solid, liquid or gaseous state, in the case of solid or liquid components, these must be transferred by breaking them down or integrating them into a gaseous state, or it must have a suitable steam pressure (boiling point) so that these components are at least partially available in the gaseous state. The security feature of the detectable gaseous substance can be generated by bacterial or microbial processes and can, thus, be used for detection.

The invention related gaseous substance can be built or composed modularly as a security feature: that is, it can be made from one single chemical compound or also from a complex mixture of several chemical compounds. A chemical compound mixture conceived specially as a security feature, which has gaseous detectable substance mixtures side by side, is also named a "fingerprint" since it is mixed characteristically, qualitatively and quantitatively from chemical compounds and distinguishes itself as a security feature since a substance mixture is very difficult to reproduce or copy. Even with the knowledge of these security properties, the reproduction of these characteristics and, with it, the access of the used compounds makes forgeries impossible.

The gaseous substance, the invention-related security feature, can be an integral component of value-related and security products, which can contain gaseous detectable substances in each value-related product's base component in the desired state (solid, liquid, gas). Here, during the manufacturing process the base materials (like paper, plastic and suchlike), as well as the entire value-related product's chemical compounds (for example, solvent mixtures) being used, serve as security features. The gaseous substance can be used as a security feature if one or more additional chemical compounds are added to the intrinsics, that is, added to the resulting base materials.

The so-called fingerprint, the security feature made from a gaseous substance mixture, can consist of a detectable gaseous matrix compound, that combines characteristically in its gaseous form to all the value-related document's base materials or through aging, storing, disintegration, processes of the material that is used for the value-related documents and others is generated.

The gaseous substance, as an invention-related security feature, can consist of any desired or also quantitative concentration in the value-related product or (it) can be added. The addition of the gaseous substance added to the compound's chemical characteristics or the mix of the respective component's concentration in the gaseous phase, give an additional parameter which increases the security.

Chemical compounds that are used for the purpose of gaseous substances for invention-related security features, are valid compounds which are partially gaseous or transferable in the gaseous phase (for example, organic solvents, natural aromatic materials or aromatic mixtures, perfume oils, glues, polymers, gases, synthetic compounds, lightly volatile organic compounds, polar compounds (such as alcohol and ketones, aldehydes), nonpolar compounds (such as hydrocarbons, oxidizable and reducible) as well as acid gas (such as S02 and N02 and suchlike).

The invention-related gaseous security features can be odoriferous matter from natural raw materials such as synthetic compounds made from cyclic mono-terpenes or acyclic aromatics (odor materials) of the mono-terpene series. Aromatics (odor materials) from petto-chemical extraction (as, for example, osopren-derivate and derivatives of the isobutyl or methyl- l-buten-2-oI, vio!et-aromatics (odor materials) and rose-ketones ( onone) and ethereal oils. Typically, aromatics (odor materials) are hydrobes and polar compounds with molecular weights of up.to approximately 300 Da. Solvents like xylenes, toluol, phenols, etc. can be considered as security feature materials.

Additional aromatics (odor materials) are volatile by-products, unsaturated fatty acids, pyrazine, terpene- and sesquiterpene-derivatives, saturated and unsaturated aliphatic aroma-materials, essential oils, furans, pyrazines, pyroles, oxazole, ihiazole, thiophene, amines, pyri e, thiol, etc. (G. H.

Dodd P. N. Barlett, J. W. Gardner, Sensors and Sensory Systems for an Electronic Nose, NATO ASI Series E: Applied Sciences, Vol. 212, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1992, Ch. 1 ).

Likewise, pheromones (signal- and attention-getting materials), as security feature materials, are put in extremely low concentrations effectively, which serve the communication of certain types of organisms. Advantageously, the use of pheromones as security features is another access on these chemically complex built aromatics (odor materials) and these are not normally perceived by the human nose. An extensive overview of aromatics (odor materials) is given in the book "Aromatics and the Sense of Smell; The Molecular World of Odors" by G. Ohloff, Springer Publishers, Berlin, 1990.

To further increase the security of value-related products, volatile or gaseous free-setting compounds of the base material or printing inks should also be used besides the invention-related security features. The gaseous security features can already be contained in paper additives, such as in latex, butadiene, styrene, cyclohexane, etc.

Gravure ink, flexographic printing ink and other quick-drying colors contain volaiile solvents. Important solvents for printing inks are alcohol, mineral oils (petroleums), ester, xylols and toluols. Consequently, the printing inks have a priori the characteristic "fingerprint," composed from the available volatile components, that together with additional security feature materials, can be used for detection.

Also, binders that are put into the printing inks, have their own characteristic smell, which can frequently also be used. Here the binders consist normally of oil, resin- and bitumen- varnishes that can, however, have a complex matrix (natural oils and synthetic oils, resins, etc.). Analogs are also valid for additional colors and paper additives.

The gaseous substance, as an invention -related security feature, can be integrated also in the form of micro-encapsulated gases, liquids or solids in the value-related products so that a release in the gaseous state by energy-mil ux and results in the interconnected breaking open of the micro-capsules. Depending on the type and nature of the microcapsule processing, the energy threshold can be customized for the opening of the capsules; the capsules can be targeted and opened by certain sources of energy and, thus, can set the security features with it. Another advantage of microcapsule processing is that long-time stability is increased and the security features in the value-related products can be measured precisely. A necessary decision that must be made with the microcapsule processing is the selection of the security feature material's content (for example, scented oil) in the capsule. Generally, a mixture of the security feature material is encapsulated with an odorless substance that has a high boiling point. The latter effects the generation of the security feature material as a so-called "retarder," that provides a longer prolonged release. An analogous procedure can also be used by the simple addition of aromatics (for example 10 the printing ink), it is admittedly known by DE 1951 1780 Al and DE 9419231 U l, that microencapsulated aromatics, especially those with aromatic perfume oils, have data carriers enclosed, so that at least one part of the microcapsules is accessible at the coating's surface. Such data carriers, however, are only used for advertising purposes and product-accompanied marketing. The encapsulated aromatics don't function here are security features.

The gaseous substance, as the invention-related security feature, can, in its gaseous form, be put into porous base materials such as sintered rocks, zeolites, and suchlike, or molecular clathrate compounds (clathrates) or additional supramolecular compounds, and can, in this form, be put on or in the value-related document. It can also be bound covalent in a carrier (for example, on the value-related paper or in the printing inks, foils, etc.) to be used.

The gaseous detectable substance, as an invention-related security feature, ca also be in a solid, semi-solid or stabilized liquid state and can be found in printing technical processes such as, for example, offset, Gravure printing, screen printing or suchlike, but non-impact printing technical processes, such as, for example, ink-jet, impregnation, vacuum technology (sputtering), electro-chemical separation, polymerization and suchlike, on the value-related document.

The invention-related gaseous detectable security feature can consist of a continuous gaseous component or also simultaneously by discontinuous forced emission of gaseous components, as for example, the release from microcapsules.

The invention-related security feature can be generated by targeted energy influx chemical compounds, that are contained on or in the value-related products, are fragmented and, finally, are transferred as low weight molecular compounds in the gaseous phase. Here, a selected special energy threshold serves to release and, additionally, increase the security.

The gaseous security feature can be released by optical (for example, laser-induced), selective heating, mechanical friction, conditional breaking opening of encapsulated security features or by activating and releasing electromagnetic fields.

Fiirthermore, the security features can be generated by the addition of chemical reagents to the value-related product in succession of a chemical gaseous transformation, so that the security feature can be recognized only with the knowledge of the additional chemicals.

Human sensory perceptions have been imitated, supplemented and automated by many applications until now (for example, in the area of environmental protection) with production control or alarm detectors. While there are already electronic appliances for vision, hearing and / or feeling, there are also those that have already been developed for smelling, but these are still imperfect and unsatisfactory and, until now, no application for the control and recognition of security features from a gaseous substance on value-related products. in principle an instrumental analytic method can be put in a gaseous security feature in order to test the authenticity (as for example, mass spectroscopy and gas chromatography). However, all these methods have in common is that they are very cost intensive and in most cases cannot be tested on the spot but instead must be tested "off line" in laboratories. In comparison, olfactory checkups can be conducted by specially trained testers in special rooms under defined requirements.

According to the invention, the detection of gaseous components by means of chemical sensors can also be used, that are released from the value-related product or are emitted. Consequently, the gas sensor system represents a cost-effective variation, that the security application can be customized and miniaturized and a portable control device can be operated on the spot. The used of gaseous detectable components as security features by means of chemical sensors, released or emitted from a value-related products has not been made known until now.

In order lo analyze compound mixtures with sensors, a system of several different sensors is preferably installed and their rating are appraised with pattern recognition processes. This process corresponds to the biological model, smells are recognized by nonspecific receptors in the nose and the resulting stimulation procedure in the brain.

According to the invention, quantities of sensors are arranged on the basis of the same or different physical-chemical tranductors principles in an array. As a result, the gaseous security features encompass multivariations. Still, one leams "real" and "phony" security features by classifying all sensor signals of a final time interval in the form of an adaptive learning phase by means of neural networks and "fuzzy logic." Each array's gas sensor is sensitive with several different gases; the sensitivity spectrum of the individual sensors varies. Each gas, which is sensitive to the sensor system, appears in several sensitivity spectrums. The variations of the sensitivity spectrums may differ for various reasons: different sensors may be used or various outside influences (such as temperature) may influence the sensitivity level of the same sensors.

Another possibility, which may influence the sensitivity as well as the selectivity is that the sensors may be equipped with a gas-selective layer. Materials are necessary for this type of sensor probe that, similar to a lock that only reacts to the exact fitting key, can only be activated by detectable molecules.

The classification of gas sensors, which can be installed to enable an electronic nose to check out the authenticity of value-related documents, are limited only by the actual sensor element of a chemical gas sensor. Its task consists of transforming the concentration of analyzed gas in the proportional electrical quantity. This process can be described as transduction. Corresponding to the physio-chemical changes that result from the interaction between the gas components and the active measuring surface of the sensors, there are several possibilities. Physi-sorption sensors use unspecific interactions, while chemi-sorption sensors are based on the characteristic bonds of atoms or molecules, that consist of the adsorption of this material to a sensor surface. That leaves an antibody / antigen reaction for detection ( for example, immuno-crystal as a sensor unit).

A preferred method of testing for invention-related value-products is the simultaneous planned measurement of one or several side by side present gaseous compounds at the same place by a sensor system. Suitable test devices to conduct these procedures are known in principle.

A commercially available sensor system (electronic nose) can be used with minimal alterations and optimizations. Here the probe (gas sensor -microsystem) consists preferably of several metallic oxide gas sensors.

The individual building elements of this array are in many different ways conditioned and ready-made for use in the security area, especially by the application of selectively permeable membrane layers, that control access to the metal-oxide conductivity detectors. Preferably, an array is also a probe for the procedure, consisting of chemical resistors based on used of conductive polymers (for example, polypyrol or phathalocyanine). Another variation for detecting gaseous security feature material consists preferably of applying gas sensor arrays functionally on piezo-electric. Depending on the detecting security feature material, an application of a hybrid sensor array can also be used; that is, various sensor types are integrated into the probe (testing head).

The energy source for the forced release is preferably a laser, which targeted over a defined time period, can effect locally the value product. The probe is placed directly over the locally activated value product's position in the form of a sensor array with integrated evaluation electronics, and performs a measurement before and after activation. Another variation is the defined motion of the probe over the value-related product and, with it, the simultaneous measurement of the gas components.

In contrast to the commercially available electronic noses, the costly and time-consuming off-line gaseous security feature material pattern recognition with the invention-related procedures can be given up since a dynamic probe sampling of the feature material is possible on site (permanent or generated) with a custom sensor unit by the user.

Consequently, a quick testing procedure with an "authentic / forgery" outcome is possible on site.

An overview of the data transformation methods as classification features for gas sensors is contained in the following list. A detailed treatment of gas sensors, that can be put into electronic noses, is located in Sensors - A Comprehensive Survey (eds. W. Goepel, J. Hesse, J. N. Zemel, Vol. 2 and 3, VCH Publishers, Weinheim 1991 ).

Type of Sensor Phvsical-Chem. Process Transducer Signal Electric conductor- Load changes on the surface Conductability of metric surface or inside a semiof materials conducting solid body between two electrodes Electrochemical Electrochemical reactions Marginal current Amperometric in constant E-field; that is measured in the with applied outer area of the applied potential voltage Electrochemical Potential changes to the Potential potentio-metrical phase limits by charge differences to the transfers phase limits gas probe / sensor Optical Optical characteristics Absorption, changes of the sensor fluorescence, surrounding medium changes of the (for example, light the spreading- intensity, refraction speed of light index Thermal Enthalpy by Measurements of adsorption or thermoelectric adsorption of voltage (Seebeck- analysis with effect) or thermal chemically active dependent sensor surface conducting capacity of a conductor (for ex., metal wire) Gravi meter Mass changes by Measurement of a adsorption or transposition of a absorption of analysis resonance with chemically active frequency with the sensor surface piezo-electrical transducers Magnetic Interaction of paramagnetic Thermo-magnetic gases (all but exclusively magnet-pneumatic oxygen) in inhomogeneous (Quincke- method) magnet field magnet-mechanic DE 3519435 A l, DE 3519436 Al, DE 3519397 Al and DE 4227727 C2 makes known sensor systems with sample identifying matrixes to identify gas. Especially the assessment of detailed chemical data by so-called chemical - metrical methods in most recent times has led to interesting approaches concerning the component identification of sensors. Fields of applications are, for example, the quality control of aromas (J. W. Gardner, Detection of Vapours and Odours From A Multisensor Array Using Pattern Recognition: Sensor and Actuators B, 4 ( 1991), 109 - 115 and J. W.

Gardner. H. V. Sturmer. T. T. Tan, Application Of An Electronic Nose To The Discrimination Of Coffee. Sensors and Actuators B, 6 (1992), 71 - 75 or Freshness Criteria of Foodstuffs. Recently commercial systems (electronic noses) have been available (Neotronics Company, AromaScan, Alpha MOS), for the listed fields of application; up to now, however, there have been no applications for the authenticity testing of value-related documents and (these systems) are not optimal for this application.

The gaseous substance as an invention-related security feature of value-related documents has the following advantages: Until now the gas emission for the manufacturing and printing of the insened material's value-related documents can be used for the detection of gaseous substances, so that there are no procedural- or material-required costs. The special odor of the gaseous substance cannot be copied. The new security feature has a high degree of security against forgeries. It has a highly specific recognition ability and scope, and the ability for systems approach through security features and detection and, furthermore, the identification of false aromatics (odor materials) on counterfeit bills based on the toner components to phony documents based on the paper's composition, the paper's odor and the printing ink, and consequently, the identification of potential forgery sources, and finally, the sensory recognition of the aging of the bills and the sensory identification of changes made to paper currency ( for example, alteration of data by writing, erasing, and suchlike). The machine's readability offers possibilities.

The following listed products count as value-related products and security products: 1. Personal documents: Identification documents / passports, cards / laminates, motor vehicle documents, visas / residency permits and access control documents 2. Currencies / banking products: Bank notes (bills, paper currency) as well as share yields products from currencies, which represent a security technology unit; substratum of bank notes; shares and other value-related documents; cards and substrata that are used for electronic payments 3. Stamps Postage stamps, tax stamps and other stamps Product assurance products: Safety labels, production products such as foil, seals, closures and suchlike, which are designed for product protection of registered trademarks, especially in the areas of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, clothing, software / media.

Additional value-related and security products: documents, certificates, entrance cards / tickets Furthermore, any finished products not explicitly listed above that are used unequivocally for security or the protection against forgery of products are valid as value-related or security products and are among the covered products.

The invention-related security feature in the form of gaseous detectable substances can also be used for person recognition or identification, in that the gaseous security feature of a person is medically completely harmless, and can be injected or administered or attached in the form of a stamp or label, so that a person can be securely recognized or identified by means of an electronic nose or suchlike. Additionally, the human body (for example, the hand) must be equipped with an aromatic (odor material) for the purpose of identifying the human's affiliation to a certain group of persons (for example, a person's access control to a certain business). Also this aromatic (odor material) can be stored on a value-related document (for example, store the identification of the person). There are known electronic noses being developed that recognize the natural hand smell of people (Bloodhound Sensors, UK). Here, however, no additional feature material can be detected.

The invention at hand will be explained more precisely by the various embodiments of value-related documents with security features. Shown are: Fi ure 1 : A bank note (bill) with several fields for the security features, figure 2: An identity card with applied security features in the top view, figs. 3-8: Cross section by different embodiments of value-related documents with included security features and Figure 9; An overview of security features from a gaseous substance.

Figure 1 shows a view of a bank note (bill) with the printed fields (2); that is, with the printed material on the printed fields, with the addition of security features in the form of a gaseous detectable substance on the base ( 1 ). The fields (2) can be in any geometrical form and size. The number of fields (2) can be as desired and is limited only by the size of the value-related document. The fields (2) with the security features, depending on the type of application or integration in the value-related document can be visible, but preferably, invisible. Printed lettering, logos, text or numbers (and suchlike) can be used as fields (2).

To detect the security features, one field (2) alone may be targeted, but also a combination or one or all the fields (2) simultaneously may be targeted for activation by energy flow (such as laser-beams, laser-irradiation), addition of chemicals and suchlike that generate the gaseous state of the security feature.

The base ( 1 ) consists of paper or paper-like materials, but also of absorptive plastics, foils, tissues, membrane or polymer-materials. The fields (2) with the security features can also be applied on other substrata, plastic cards, surfaces of objects and suchlike, while worthy advantages are found in these cases.

The security feature in the fields (2) is a component or addition in a coating material that is printed on non-absorbable or absorbable printing material of the base ( 1 ). Here, the security feature is the field (s) (2); that is, the individual chemical components, commercially available or special custom printing inks, lacquers or toners that are added and can be printed by all printing technologies on the base ( 1 ).

Also the security thread, that is frequently found in bank notes (bills), can be used as a security feature as a field (2) and be equipped with a special chemical substance, which is transferable in the gaseous state.

Figure 2 shows an identity card, which has on its base ( 1 ) a field (2) with an applied security feature, which is composed of one or, preferably, more chemical components, and is contained in a field (2) and by means of the forced release of a gaseous substance, the gaseous security feature is targeted at a position at which it can be detected.

The variation examples, according to Figure 1 and Figure 2 have in common the security feature's detection on the respective fields (2), as well as the generated inserted basis material of the base (1 ) or the out-diffusible gaseous materials that could be pulled out. Also, the security feature in fields (2) can be included or applied on both sides of the base (1).

Additionally, the represented fields (2) in Figure 1 and 2, can have still additional elements on or in the security feature (for example, holograms, magnetic stripes, optically variable elements, stampings, labclings, letterings and suchlike. Also, these visually perceptible elements (for example, hologram) can be used in such a way that the gaseous or forced emissions (for example, CF-hardened lacquers) can be used.

The embodiments of Figure I and Figure 2 show the applied security feature on the fields (2) in the form of a gaseous substance, which can also contain a hot adhesive foil that is applied with the respective technology; that is, by means of a stamp under the effect of pressure and heat on the surface of the base ( 1 ). Such production processes and application techniques are generally known for such laminating foils.

Figure 3 shows a cross section through the base (1 ) of the value-related document's layer construction and also the security feature, which is contained in fields (2) that are printed on the partial surface on the base ( 1 ). With this layer construction, the security features of the fields (2) are added directly and then are transferred in the form of a thinner outer layer on the base ( 1 ).

Figure 4 shows a cross section through another value-related document and its layer construction with which the base (1 ) completely covers the base, is coated with a field (2) for the security feature. The completely flat base's ( 1 ) surface equipment with the field (2) for the security feature can already take place with the manufacturing of the paper. Here, several thin layers can have different security features, one on top of the other.

The embodiment according to Figure 5, is of the base ( 1 ) and the fields (2) with the security features found on the base. Transparent or colored coating material (3), whose hardening is preferably with CF-Light, is applied to these fields. The coating material (3) can be laminated completely covering the surface on the base ( 1 ) in the form of an adhesive foil, but can also be applied to a partial area of the surface on the base ( 1 ). The coating material (3)7 itself can also function as a diffusion barrier, so that only with target energy flow gaseous components of the security features in the form of gaseous substances are able to penetrate the coating material (3) or continuously release an exact defined concentration of the gaseous security feature through the coaling material (3). Hereby, the life-span or existence of the diffusible substances can be increased. The coating material (3) can just as well contain security features in the form of gaseous substances, that can be transferred independently or by suitable stimulation into a gaseous phase. Preferably, the coating material (3) is printed with known printing techniques, covering the surface of the base partially or completely.

Figure 6 shows an additional layer (4) applied on the base (1 ). The additional layer, which has micro-capsules (5) form the fields (2) and contain security feature materials or other substances found in physi-absorptive security feature materials. The micro-capsules (5) with the security feature material or other substances found in physi-absorptive security feature materials are contained inside the layer (4) or also on the surface of the layer (4), which is applied to the base material (1). The layer (4) can be covered by a coating material (3).

Certain choices concerning the layer thickness of the layer (4) guarantees thai the encapsulated or physi-absorptive security feature material is released on demand by mechanical, thermal and suchlike into the surroundings. The material for the layer (4) is formed by the addition of encapsulated or physi-absorptive security feature material to the printing ink or CF-hardening lacquers, Generally the encapsulated or physi-absorptive security feature material in a layer (4) is composed of forming coating-materials, which are hardened by drying, polymerization or other chemical processes. Additionally, spacers (such as globular soled synthetic resin balls) in a defined size area can be in the layer (4). To prevent these micro-capsules from breaking during printing, low pressure printing such as offset, letterpress printing, flexography, etc. should be used.

.Another variation shows the formation of the layer (4) without security feature material and the subsequent immobilization on the not completely hardened layer (4), so that encapsulated or physi-absorptive security feature material is released with suitable solvents on the layer (4).

The application of the layer (4) on the base (1 ) is achieved with conventional printing techniques. Additionally, another coating material (3) can be applied on the layer (4). This is shown in the embodiment according to Figure 5 and has certain advantages. Encapsulated or physi-absorptive security feature material can be installed simultaneously or can be placed side by side completely flat or partially flat in the applied fields, as represented in Figures 3, 4 and 5.

Figure 7 shows a very enlarged cross section through a value-related document, which has an additional layer (6) applied on the base ( 1), which contains a body (8) with the security feature materials, which are bonded chemically covalent at the layer (6). The covalent anchoring (7) in the layer (6) results from the selection of the suitable functional groups of the layer material of the layer (6) and the security feature material and its chemical transformation or / but also a priori with the synthesis of the layer material (.6).

In another, not represented embodiment, the security feature material can also be directly bonded chemically covalent to a suitable surface of the base ( 1 ). Here, caution must be taken that the covalent bonds, without fragmenting the security feature materials, can be broken open again. Also, materials for the layer (6) can also be used for the layer (6), which with suitable activation can split covalent bond and release the lightly volatile, low weight molecular bonds in the gaseous phase. Simultaneously, there can be side by side chemically covalent bonded, encapsulated or physi-absorptive security feature materials that are applied and cover the surface completely or partially.

In Figure 8 another layer construction is represented, which has the base ( 1) bonded to the security feature material in pure form chemically covalent or with encapsulated or physi-absorptive security feature material contained in the bodies (8). Additionally the base ( 1 ) can have one or both side coated (3). The security feature material can in the pure form, be put from the gaseous phase in the base ( 1 ) (for example, paper). The base (1 ) can be impregnated with security feature material dissolved in a suitable solvent and subsequently be provided with the coating (3). In this way the security feature material, by means of the body (2) can also be bonded covalent to a suitable matrix of the base (1 ).

Finally, it is possible to melt the thermoplastic fibers that have the security feature during the manufacturing process of the base ( 1) (for example, from paper) between the paper fibers. It is also possible to print additional fields (2) with the security feature material directly on the base (1) or on an applied coating (3).

Figure 9 shows in a table the different possibilities of capturing gaseous substances as security features of value-related documents, their generation and their recognition. Here, the different aromatics (odor materials), smells and gases are displayed in the middle block; the lightly volatile component have singular components or are in odor compositions. These can be available as integral components in paper, in color / lacquer, in coatings, in laminates / foils or in polymer / plastic / resin of the value-related document. The gaseous substance can be micro-encapsulated as aromatic, liquid or polymer / resin. The gaseous substance can be available through chemical immobilization, as covalent bonding or aromatics (odor materials) or as the inclusion of gases (clathrates, for example, zeolites).

In the left column of Figure 9, the odor's generation of gaseous substance is expounded. This can take place through continuous self-diffusion or through discontinuous forced release, as through the fragmentation of chemical bonds, like the release of low molecular weight gases, thermally, mechanically, optically or electrically.

In the right column the molecular recognition by means of sensor system and the signal evaluation are expounded. The molecular recognition by means of more specific / selective sensors takes place on the basis (for example, fiber-optic, IR- or W- techniques, electrical conductivity or vibrations). Molecular recognition can also take place by unspecified sensors composite sensor arrays (for example, an electronic nose) by mobile on-line monitoring.

Furthermore, instrumental analysis can also take place in the form of an authenticity examination in the laboratory by means of gas chromatographic or spectroscopic methods.

Finally, the signal evaluation as a simple signal evaluation or pattern recognition (for example, by a comparison with data banks) is determined by an intelligent trained system) whether the value-related document is authentic or a forgery and what type it is (for example, which valence it has).

Claims (1)

1. WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: Value-related and security products, especially value-related products such as bank notes (bills), check forms, shares, personnel documents, credit- and check-cards with at least one security feature consisting of a gaseous detectable substance, are characterized by the gaseous substance that is firmly placed in or on the value-related product and is transferable at least partially in the gaseous state by targeted energy source disintegrated or integrated. Value-related product, according to Claim 1, is characterized by the gaseous detectable substance that is formed from a substance mixture. Value-related product, according to Claim 2, is characterized by the gaseous substance that consists of a matrix gaseous compound. Value-related ρΓθά^ according to one of the Claims I through 3, is characterized by ihe gaseous substance that is in a gaseous aggregate state in or on the value-related product. Value-related product, according to one of the Claims 1 through 3, is characterized by the gaseous substance that is in a solid aggregate state in or on the value-related product and integrated or disintegrated is at least partially transferable in the gaseous state. 6. Value-related product, according to one of the Claims 1 through 3, is characterized by the gaseous substance that is in a liquid aggregate state in or on the value-related document and integrated or disintegrated is at least partially transferable in the gaseous state. 7. Value-related product, according to one of the Claims 1 through 6, is characterized by the gaseous substance, which consists molecularly of one single chemical compound. 8. Value-related product, according to one of the Claims 1 through 6, is characterized by the gaseous substance, which is built of a complex mixture of several chemical compounds (Fingerprint). 9. Value-related product, according to one of the Claims 1 through 8, is characterized by the gaseous substance that contains at least one of the basic components of the value-related product in all possible aggregate states. 10. Value-related product, according to one of the Claims 1 through 9, is characterized by the gaseous substance, which is contained in a quantitative concentration in the value-related product. 1 1. Value-related product, according to one or more of the antecedent Claims, is characterized by the gaseous detectable substance that is put into the printing ink of the value-related product in the desired aggregate state. 12. Value-related product, according to one or more of the antecedent Claims, is characterized by the gaseous detectable substance that is in the form of micro-encapsulated gases, liquids or solids that are contained in or on the value-related product. 13. Value-related product, according to one or more of the antecedent Claims, is characterized by the gaseous detectable substance is available, physio-absorptive, in additional porous base materials of the value-related product that has "been brought in." 14. Value-related product, according to one or more of the antecedent Claims, is characterized by the gaseous detectable substance that is in molecular (cage) clathrate compound. 15. Value-related product, according to one or more of the antecedent Claims, is characterized by the gaseous detectable substance that is put into the supramolecular (cage) clathrate compound, which is additionally placed in the value-related product. 16. Value-related product, according to one or more of the antecedent Claims, is characterized by the gaseous detectable substance that is able to be generated by means of bacterial processes on the value- related product. 17. Value-related product, according to one or more of the antecedent Claims, is characterized by the gaseous detectable substance that is able to be generated by means of microbial processes on the value- related product. 1 8. Value-related product, according to one or more of the antecedent Claims, is characterized by the gaseous detectable substance that is formed by continuous emission of gaseous components from the value-related product. 19. Value-related product, according to one or more of the antecedent Claims, is characterized by the gaseous detectable substance that is formed by discontinuous emission of gaseous components from the value-related product. 20. Procedures to recognize / identify the security features of value- related products according to one or more of the antecedent Claims is characterized by the security feature, which is detectable by targeted energy supply as a gaseous material in a gaseous phase. 21. Procedures, according to Claim 20. are characterized by the detection that takes place by means of a as sensor system, preferably an electronic nose. 22. Procedures, according to Claim 2 L are characterized by the multiplicity of sensors on the basis of same or different physical - chemical transduction principles, which are arranged in an array and encompass the gaseous security feature with a multi-variation. 23. Procedures, according to Claim 20, are characterized by the gaseous security feature that is released by a suitable source of energy, especially the laser, out of or from a value-related product. 24. Application of a procedure according to the Claims 20 - 23 to make known gaseous substances as security features for value-related products, especially bank notes (paper currency), check forms, shares, personnel documents, credit- and check cards and persons. 25. Application, according to one of the Claims 20 - 24 is characterized y the of a gas sensor system, which is utilized as an electronic nose. 26. Value-related and security products according to claim 1, substantially as hereinbefore described and with reference to the accompanying drawings. 27. Procedures to recognize/identify the security features of value-related products according to claim 20, substantially as hereinbefore described and with reference to the accompanyin drawings. FOR THE APPLICANT WOLFF, BREGMAN AND GOLLER