IES84548Y1 - Hoisting system and elevator without a machine room - Google Patents

Description

HOISTING SYSTEM AND ELEVATOR W|THQ_l_JT A MLACHINE ROOM Field of the Invention This invention relates to a hoisting system and an elevator without a machine room with a permanent magnet machine. The machine is placed on the elevator guide rails in :1 assembly with a chassis designed for the application.

Background of the Invention The invention described in document EP 1 216 949 A2 describes an elevator with a gearless machine, fixing said machine to the building at the high part of the elevator shaft. However, it has at least the following problems: it is necessary for the building contractor to provide that the shaft can withstand receiving the machine support structure, so the requirements of said shaft do not simply correspond to the dimensions of the elevator to be housed, but rather the shaft construction elements must be designed so as to further withstand the loads and vibrations that the machine applies to the shaft walls or ceiling; the machine has a sheave that is located on a first end of the motor shaft, which means that the pulling carried out on the counterweight and the chassis of the elevator car by means of the traction cables is not located in the center of gravity thereof; this causes a considerable decrease in efficiency due to the increase in losses due to friction of the counten/veight and chassis against the guide rails; the machine has a brake on the second end of the motor shaft which has the enormous drawback of being right next to the wall of the back of the shaft and therefore difficult to access, in some cases even impossible, for maintenance tasks.

Description of the Invention This invention proposes an elevator without a machine room having the following advantages: the permanent magnet gearless machine is installed on the elevator guide rails and the installation of said machine is not related to the constructive features of the shaft; i.e. the complete installation of the machine can be done without needing to support the machine on the building; it can be carried out according to different embodiments so as to be adapted to the application of the elevator depending on the load and on the shaft dimensions. the machine is located such that the guide sheaves of the counterweight and chassis of the car are located in the geometric center with respect to the guides and/or center of gravity of the car, which allows a centered pulling on the counterweight and on the chassis of the car, so greater efficiency and a much lower power consumption are obtained; - all maintenance tasks are carried out with easy access and no risks.

This invention has as an object developing a configuration for an elevator without a machine room, where all the machinery for car movement is in the shaft but, as previously indicated, preventing the building from having to support the support structure for said machine.

A first aspect of the invention relates to a lifting system having: a gearless machine having a length L less than halve its width W, L machine has a reduced length so that the shape of the machine is planar and very short, the machine being provided with a frame and a motor having a stator fixed to the frame, having a parallelepiped shape, and a substantially cylindrical rotor having: a drive sheave on one end of the rotor, said drive sheave being configured so as to drag a chassis of an elevator car and a counterweight through dragging means passing through the drawback sheaves located in the chassis and in the counterweight in 2:1 suspension; a base on which the frame is fixed; the hoisting system comprising a plurality of guide rails: longitudinally running along an elevator shaft to define a parallelepiped with smaller dimensions than the shaft; located in a position close to a first shaft wall PO, defining: a plurality of counterweight guide rails, a counterweight plane PC parallel to the first wall PO; a plurality of guide rails of the car, a car plane PK parallel to the first wall P0; to guide an up/down movement of a chassis of a car in the inthe car plane PK and an down/up movement of a counterweight in the counten/veight plane PC; where the base is joined to said guide rails at an upper portion of said guide rails: to locate the drive sheave: in a position substantially skewed to the first wall P0; in the center of the space between the guide rails; to prevent transmitting mechanical stress to the shaft; allow a centered pulling of the chassis and car and counterweight.

The machine of the invention can further comprise two braking units located on a snubber, said snubber being rigidly joined to the drive sheave and rotor.

The base can further comprise shock absorption means to prevent vibrations from being transmitted from it.

A second aspect of the invention relates to an elevator including a hoisting system according to that described above.

According to a first configuration, in the elevator of the invention the car is attached to the chassis which slides along the guide rails, said chassis comprising: a plurality of crossbars in a lower portion of the car in a direction substantially perpendicular to the guide rails; a plurality of stringers in a first side portion of the car in a direction substantially parallel to the guide rails; a first drawback sheave located in a stringer parallel to the first wall; for the crossbars, stringers and the first drawback sheave to define a drawback chassis structure; where: the counterweight comprises: a second guide sheave located in an upper portion of the counterweight; the first guide sheave and the second guide sheave have axes of rotation contained in a plane perpendicular to the first wall and equally spaced from the guide rails; the dragging means comprise: a first end joined to the base in a first plane parallel to the first wall; a second end joined to the base in a second plane parallel to the first wall; a first section comprised in the first plane between the first end and the second guide sheave configured to be driven by the second guide sheave; a second section comprised in the first plane between the second guide sheave and the drive sheave configured to be dragged by the drive sheave; a third section comprised in the second plane between the drive sheave and the first guide sheave, configured to be dragged by the drive sheave; a fourth section comprised in the second plane between the first guide sheave and the second end configured to be driven by the first guide sheave: the drive sheave has a diameter configured so that the second section and the third section define a substantially vertical path, i.e. the machine is placed in a position skewed to the first wall, so that the dragging means or traction cables reach the first and the second guide sheaves in plumb.

According to a second configuration, in the elevator of the invention the car is attached to the chassis which slides along the guide rails, said chassis comprising a plurality of second Crossbars in a lower portion of the car in a direction substantially perpendicular to the guide rails; l a third crossbar located in a central position of a lower portion of the car, oriented in a direction substantially perpendicular to the guide rails and skewed to the first wall P0; a plurality of second stringers in a first side portion of the car in a direction substantially parallel to the guide rails; third guide sheaves located in a third vertical plane P3 containing the third crossbar, one at each end of the third crossbar, having an axis of rotation perpendicular to the third crossbar; for the second crossbars, the third crossbar, the second stringers and the third guide sheaves to define a chassis guiding structure; where: the counterweight comprises: fourth guide sheaves located in a second plane P2 in an upper portion of the countenn/eight, having an axis of rotation perpendicular to the first wall Po; the dragging means comprise: I g a first end joined to the base in the second plane P2; this first end is formed by two points for anchoring the traction cables to the base, one for each counterweight sheave and always in plumb with said sheaves; a second end joined to a fixing located at a point determined by the insertion of the third plane P3 and a wall opposite to the first wall P0, at a height that is at least equal to that of the first end; a first section comprised in the second plane P2 between the first end and the fourth guide sheaves configured to be driven by the fourth guide sheaves; a second section comprised in the second plane P2 between the fourth guide sheaves and the drive sheave configured to be dragged by the drive sheave; a third section comprised in the first plane P1 between the drive sheave and the third guide sheaves, configured to be dragged by the drive sheave; a fourth section comprised in the first plane P1 between the third guide sheaves, and the second end configured to be driven by the third guide sheaves; the drive sheave has a diameter configured so that the second section and the third section define a substantially vertical trajectory.

The elevator of the invention allows combining a permanent magnet gearless machine placed on the elevator guide rails without relating the installation to the constructive features of the shaft. The invention also allows the planar machine in its skewed position to drag the chassis of the car and counterweight through its deflection sheaves located in the geometric center of the guide rails. Maintenance tasks are carried out with easy access and without risks from the ceiling of the car.

Some features of this invention are indicated below: In the traction system of the invention, the machine is located such that the guide sheaves of the counterweight and of the chassis of the car are located in the geometric center with respect to the guide rails and/or center of gravity of the car. which allows a centered pulling on the counten/veight and chassis of the car in the two configurations.

- The elevator of the invention allows carrying out the assembly without needing to build a machine room and it also allows accessing the elevator machine from the ceiling of the car to carry out maintenance tasks.

- The machine is a synchronous permanent magnet machine.

— The machine is fixed by means of a part to the guide rails of the car and counterweight located on the same side of the shaft.

- As a result of its design, the machine allows easy care and maintenance.

Brief Description of the Drawinqs A series of drawing aiding to better understand the invention and presented as non-limiting examples thereof are very briefly described below.

Figure 1A shows a perspective view of the shaft, guide rails, machine, counterweight, chassis of the car and car for a first embodiment (i), 2:1 suspension with guide sheaves in counterweight and chassis of the car.

Figure 1B shows a detail where the location of the base supporting the machine on the guide rails of the invention according to the first embodiment can be seen.

Figures 2A and 2B are elevational and profile views of the first embodiment of the elevator.

Figures 3A and 3B are plan views: Figure 3A showing a detail of the machine; Figure 3B showing a detail of the guide and traction sheaves, of the first embodiment of the elevator.

Figures 4A, 4B and 4C show perspective, elevational and profile views of the machine of the invention.

Figure 5 shows a detail of the position of the elevator while undergoing maintenance.

Figure 6A shows a perspective view of the shaft, guide rails, machine, counterweight, chassis of the car and car for a second embodiment (ii), 2:1 suspension with guide sheaves in counterweight and chassis of the car.

Figure 6B shows a detail where the location of the base supporting the machine in the elevator guide rails according to the second embodiment can be seen.

' Figures 6C and 6D show elevational and profile views of the second embodiment of the elevator.

Figures 6E and BF are plan views, 6E showing a detail of the machine, 6F showing a detail of the guide and traction sheaves of the second embodiment.

Description of Embodiments of the Invention The operation of the elevator as well as the embodiments are described in detail below through the drawings in which the most important details of the invention are depicted. ' The synchronous permanent magnet machine is attached to a base and said base in turn, through shock absorbers, is fixed to the elevator guide rails by means of parts joining the guide rails of the counterweight and car in pairs. The shock absorbers are installed for the purpose of reducing the transmission of vibrations between the metal parts and the building.

The base where the machine is attached isinstalled in the upper portion of the shaft, supported on the guide rails of the car and counterweight; the guide rails of the car and counterweight are located close to a first shaft wall, the drive sheave of the machine being in a position in position substantially skewed to the first wall, such that the guide sheaves of the counterweight and chassis of the car are located in the geometric center with respect to the guide rails, which allows a centered pulling on the counterweight and the chassis of the car.

This location of the sheave enormously improves travel comfort, reduces energy consumption and therefore increases final elevator efficiency.

The traction cables pass through the sheave of the machine; a first end of the traction cables, the one closes to the first wall, passes through the guide sheave of the counterweight and is then attached in the base of the machine; a second end of the traction cables passes through the guide sheave of the chassis of the car and is then attached in the base of the machine.

With the location of the machine and guide sheaves previously mentioned, it obtains that the pulling will always be carried out in the geometric center of the counterweight and in the geometric center of chassis.

There are several fixings which allow joining the chassis of the car to the base for maintenance tasks so as to keep the car suspended so that maintenance tasks are carried out from the ceiling without any risks for the personnel and without depending on the condition of the building walls because the car is attached from the structure itself formed by the base of the machine and guide rails. The ceiling of the car is used as a work surface during these maintenance tasks. ‘ The car is attached in a chassis which slides along the guide rails and depending on the position of the guide sheaves in this chassis, the following embodiments are possible: — Embodiment (i) illustrated in Figures 1A-1B, 2A-2B and 3A-3B. 2:1 suspension with a guide sheave in the lower parts of the chassis of the car and with a guide, sheave in the counterweight, arranged so that the pulling of the traction cables through the sheaves passes through the center of gravity of the car and of the counterweight.

- Embodiment (ii) illustrated in Figures 6A-6B, 6C-6D and 6E-6F. 2:1 suspension with two guide sheaves in the lower part of the_ chassis of the car and with twoiguide sheaves in the counterweight, arranged so that the pulling of the traction cables through the sheaves passes through the center of gravity of the car and counterweight.

Figure 1A shows a depiction of the shaft, guide rails, machine, countem/eight, chassis of the car and car. Figure 1B shows a detail with the position of the machine of the invention.

The guide rails 112 of the car and the guide rails 111 of the counterweight on which two parts 12 are screwed can be seen in the elevator shaft. Two shock absorbers 13 are placed on the guide rails, and the base 14 to which the machine 40 is fixed is placed on the shock absorbers 13. This configuration prevents having to fix the machine to a shaft wall or the ceiling, therefore not depending on the constructive quality of the walls or on their resistance, as the forces of the machine in this invention are transmitted through the guide rails to the elevator pit. The machine is always located in the upper portion of the shaft.

The guide rails 112 of the car and the guide rails 111 of the counten/veight are on the same side of the shaft, the drive sheave 43 of the machine is in a position substantially skewed to the shaft wall close to the guide rails 111, 112.

The traction cables 16 pass through one side of the sheave of the machine to the counterweight 17 through its sheave 101 until they are fixed to the base 14 and on the other to the chassis 18 of the car through its sheave 102 until they are fixed to the base 14; the car 19 moves inside the chassis 18 to which it is fixed at the floor and ceiling.

Figure 2A clearly shows the guide rails 112 of the chassis 18 of the car 19 and the guide rails 111 of the counterweight 17 which are on the same side of the shaft and the drive sheave 43 of the machine, which is in a position substantially skewed to the shaft wall on which the guide rails 111, 112 are fixed, which considerably improves the final elevator efficiency with this invention; the traction cables 16 pass through the sheave of the machine on one side, the side closest to the wall, to the counterweight 17 and through its sheave 101 until they are fixed to the base 14 and on the other side to the chassis 18 and through its sheave 102 until they are fixed to the base 14, and the pulling is always carried out in the geometric center of the two.

Figures 4A-4C show several different views depicting the machine 40. The gearless machine comprises a motor 41, but with a reduced length, so the shape of the machine is planar and very narrow. The stator is fixed to the frame 42 having a parallelepiped shape. the rotor 46 ends in the drive sheave 43 of the machine, the width of the machine being less than its height and length.

The machine of the invention comprises two braking units 44 arranged on a snubber 45 rigidly joined to the drive sheave 43 and rotor 46.

Figure 5 shows a detail of the position of the elevator while undergoing maintenance. To carry out maintenance tasks, the chassis 18 of the car 19 is suspended with parts 51 to parts 12; these parts 51 allow joining the chassis 18 of the car 19 to parts 12 to keep the car 19 suspended so that maintenance tasks can be carried out from the ceiling of the car 19 without any risks for personnel. In contrast, if the maintenance jobs are carried out on the brakes of the machine, the car 19 could drop with the subsequent risk for the maintenance technician. In this embodiment of the invention, the ceiling of the 19 is used as a work surface. it is important to again point out that the elevator of the invention allows all these tasks absolutely independently of the building and without having to suspend the car 19 from the walls of the building.

Figures 6A-6F show the second embodiment (ii), 2:1 suspension with two first guide sheaves 61, under the chassis 63 of the car and with two second guide sheaves 62 in the counterweight 64, arranged so that the pulling of the traction cables passes through the center of gravity of the chassis 63 and of the counterweight 64. Traction cables 65 pass through the sheave of the machine. On one side of the drive sheave 43, the one closest to the wall, the traction cables 65 are guided by two sheaves 62 in the counterweight 64 so as to keep the center of gravity of the counterweight 64 in plumb with the sheave of the machine. The cables exiting the sheaves 62 of the counterweight 64 are fixed to the base 66 of the machine. On the other side of the drive sheave 43 of the machine, they are guided with two sheaves 61 under the chassis 63 of the car and come up as is shown in Figure 6D between the car wall and the shaft wan to their fixing 67, which can be done to the shaft wall or ceiling, and the pulling is always carried out in the geometric center of the car.

Claims (5)

1. A hoisting system having: a gearless machine (40) having a length L less than half of its width W, L provided with a frame (42) and a motor (41) having a stator and a substantially cylindrical rotor (46) having: ‘ a drive sheave (43) at one end of the rotor (46), said drive sheave (43) being configured to drag a chassis (18, 63) of a car (19) of an elevator and a counteniveight (17, 64) through dragging means (16, 65); a base (14, 66) on which the frame (42) is fixed; characterized by comprising a plurality of guide rails (111, 112): longitudinally running along an elevator shaft to define a parallelepiped with smaller dimensions than the shaft; ' located in a position close to a first shaft wall P0‘, defining: a plurality of guide rails (111) of the counterweight, a counterweight plane PC parallel to the first wall P0; ' ' a plurality of guide rails (112) of the car, a car ‘plane PK parallel to the first wall PO; to guide an upldown movement of a chassis (18, 63) of a car (19) in the car plane PK and an downlup movement of a counterweight (17, 64) in the counterweight plane PC; where the base'(14; 66) is joined to said guide rails (111, 112) in an upper portion of said guide rails: to locate the drive sheave (43): in a position substantially skewed to the first wall P0; in the center of the space between the guide rails (111, 112); to . prevent transmitting mechanical stress to the shaft; allow a centered pulling of the chassis (18, 63) of the car (19) and of the counterweight (17, 64).

2. The hoisting system of claim 1, characterized in that the machine further comprises two braking units (44) arranged on a snubber (45), said snubber (45) being rigidly joined to the drive sheave (43) and to the rotor (46).

3. The hoisting system of any of claims 1-2, characterized in that it further comprises shock absorbing means (13) at the base (14) to prevent vibrations from being transmitted from the base (14).

4. An elevator characterized in that it includes a hoisting system according to any of claims 1-3 and in that the car (19) is attached to the chassis (18) which slides along the guide rails (112) of the car, said chassis (18) comprising: a plurality of first crossbars (131) in a lower portion of the car (19) in a direction substantially perpendicular to the guide rails (111, 112); a plurality of first stringers (132) in a first side portion of the car (19) in a direction substantially parallel to the guide rails (111, 112); a first guide sheave (102) located in a first plane P1 of a first crossbar (182), having an axis of rotation perpendicular to the first wall PO; for the first orossbars (131, 182), the first stringers (132) and the first guide sheave (102) to define a chassis guiding structure; where: the counterweight (17) comprises: a second guide sheave (101) located in a second plane P2 in an upper portion of the counterweight (17), having an axis of rotation perpendicular to the first wall P0; the dragging means (16) comprise: a first end (161) joined to the base (14) in the second plane P2; a second end (162) joined to the base (14) in the first plane P1; a first section (16A) comprised in the second plane P2 between the first end (161) and the second guide sheave (101) configured to be driven by the second guide sheave (101 ); a second section (16B) comprised in the second plane P2 between the second guide sheave (101) and the drive sheave (43) configured to be dragged by the drive sheave (43); a third section (16C) comprised in the first plane P1 between the drive sheave (43) and the first guide sheave (102), configured to be dragged by the drive sheave (43); a fourth section (16D) comprised in the first plane P1 between the first guide sheave (102) and the second end (162) configured to be driven by the first guide sheave (102); the drive sheave (43) has a diameter configured so that the second section and the third section define a substantially vertical trajectory.

5. An elevator characterized in that it includes a hoisting system according to any of claims 1-3 and in that the car (19) is attached to the chassis (63) which slides through the guide rails (112) of the car, said chassis (63) comprising: K a plurality of second crossbars (68) in a lower portion of the car (19) in a direction substantially perpendicular to the guide rails (111, 112); a third crossbar (681) located in a central position of a lower portion of the car (19), oriented in a direction substantially perpendicular to the guide rails (111, 112) and skewedtothefHstwaHPO; _ a plurality of second stringers (69) in a first side portion of the car (19) in a direction substantially parallel to the guide rails (111, 112); third guide sheaves (61), located in a third vertical plane P3 containing the third mossbar(681) one ateach end ofthethkd aossbar(681) hawng an ax$ of rotation perpendicular to the third crossbar_(681); b for the second crossbars (68), the third crossbar (68.1), the second stringers (69) and the third guide sheaves (61) to define a chassis guiding'structure; where: the counterweight (64) comprises: _ _ fourth guide sheaves (62) located in a second plane P2 in an upper portion of the counterweight (64), having an axis of rotation perpendicular to the first wall P0; ‘ the dragging means (65) comprise: ‘ a first end (70) joined to the base (66) in the second plane P2; a second end (67) joined to a fixing located at a point determined by the intersection of the third plane P3 and a wall opposite to the first wall PO, at a height at least equaltothatofthefHstend(70) a first section (65A) comprised in the second plane P2 between the first end (70) and the fourth guide sheaves (62) configured to be driven by the fourth guide sheaves(62x a second section (65B) comprised in the second plane P2 between the fourth guide sheaves (62) and the drive sheave (43) configured to be dragged by the drive sheave(43x a third section (650) comprised in the first plane P1 between the drive sheave (43) and the third guide sheaves (61), configured to be dragged by the drive sheave (43): a fourth section (65D) comprised in the first plane P1 between the third guide sheaves (61), and the second end (67) configured to be driven by the third guide sheaves (61); the drive sheave (43) has a diameter configured so that the second section and the third section define a substantially vertical trajectory.