IE950839A1 - Bolus for supplying biologically beneficial substances to¹ruminant animals - Google Patents
Bolus for supplying biologically beneficial substances to¹ruminant animalsInfo
- Publication number
- IE950839A1 IE950839A1 IE950839A IE950839A IE950839A1 IE 950839 A1 IE950839 A1 IE 950839A1 IE 950839 A IE950839 A IE 950839A IE 950839 A IE950839 A IE 950839A IE 950839 A1 IE950839 A1 IE 950839A1
- Authority
- IE
- Ireland
- Prior art keywords
- bolus
- bolus according
- ballast
- constituted
- resin
- Prior art date
Links
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
A bolus for supplying a biologically beneficial substance to a ruminant animal which comprises a binder constituted by a resin, preferably pine resin, together with a ballast mateial such as zinc, and the beneficial substance is released by leaching from the non-eroding body of the bolus.
Description
This invention relates to a bolus for supplying ruminant animals such as cattle, sheep, goats and deer with a biologically beneficial substance, i.e. a substance with beneficial nutritional or therapeutic effects.
According to the invention there is provided a bolus which comprises a binder constituted by a resin and uniformly dispersed in the binder a biologically beneficial substance.
In order to ensure long life of the bolus in the reticulo-rumen, it is desirable either 10 to incorporate a ballast material in the bolus or to provide the bolus with structural retention means, such as wings. Alternatively, two boluses may be joined by a flexible interconnecting piece, forming a double bolus.
In the case of a bolus incorporating a ballast material, more particularly a heavy metal or metal compound, the preferred relative proportions by weight of the
constituents of the bolus are:1) resin - 3 to 70 per cent, preferably 8 to 40 per cent and most preferably about 18 per cent where trace elements and ballast are incorporated, but when a large dose of a fine powder such as zinc oxide is incorporated, then the resin presence may be 45 to 50 per cent by weight;
2) ballast - 25 to 95 per cent, preferably 50 to 85 per cent and most preferably about 70 per cent; and
- 1 to 30 per cent, preferably 3 to 25 per cent and most
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OPEN TO PUBLIC INSPECTION UNDER
SECTION 28 AND RULE 23
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-2preferably about 12 per cent.
It is an advantage of the invention that the resin bolus with contained ballast is able to remain for a long period in the alimentary tract without appreciable loss by erosion. Consequently, the size and density of the bolus are substantially maintained and the risk of regurgitation or passing on is greatly reduced. The contained beneficial substance(s) are released from the bolus, over the long period for which the bolus is retained in the alimentary tract, by leaching rather than bolus erosion.
The bolus in accordance with the invention is retained in the alimentary tract for a minimum period of several weeks, and preferably up to several months. The bolus can readily be produced with a size and weight to meet this requirement.
Correct rate of release of the beneficial substance while the bolus resides in the reticulo-rumen may be ensured, if necessary, by the inclusion in the bolus, also uniformly dispersed therein, of a substance which dissolves relatively quickly, thereby to create a porosity in the bolus which aids release of the beneficial substance. Up to 20 per cent by weight of such a quickly dissolving substance may be incorporated.
As above-mentioned, instead of or additionally to incorporation of ballast, the bolus may be formed with retaining means such as a pair of wings or fins in order to assist retention in the reticulo-rumen, or a double bolus may be employed for this purpose.
More especially, when a prolonged relatively high dosage of the beneficial substance is required, a double bolus may be produced, comprising two boluses of approximately normal size and weight joined, preferably at the mid-points, by a connecting piece and preferably of flexible non-toxic material, resistant to
-3chemical or biological breakdown in the reticulo-rumen. The configuration of the interconnected parts prevents the double bolus from being passed on or being regurgitated. The double bolus is preferably administered as a unit comprising an open-ended tube, for example of cardboard, in which the two boluses are packed end-to-end, so that the tube, which quickly disintegrates in the reticulorumen, then releases the two strung together individual boluses to be retained.
A preferred resin binder for the bolus is a rosin, preferably pine rosin.
The ballast material may be constituted by iron, manganese, copper, zinc or one or more compounds thereof, but is preferably constituted by elemental zinc. Results indicate that zinc and other ballasts are not appreciably lost during the life of the bolus. The weight and density of the bolus are thus maintained, permitting prolonged retention of the bolus in the reticulo-rumen. A preferred ballast is therefore elemental zinc.
The biologically beneficial substance may be any one or more nutrients such as the trace elements selenium, cobalt, iodine, manganese, zinc and/or copper. Copper, selenium, iodine and cobalt are particularly beneficial nutrients for cattle, whilst selenium, cobalt, copper, iodine and manganese are particularly beneficial for sheep. Zinc compounds such as zinc oxide may be incorporated for control of fungal conditions such as facial eczema. Other beneficial nutrients which may be incorporated, possibly in conjunction with trace elements, are vitamins, lipids such as phospho-lipid, and amino-acids. Alternatively, however, the biologically beneficial substance may be a medicament such as an anthelmintic, antibacterial substances, growth promoters, hormones, coccidiostats and/or flukicides, again either alone or in combination with nutrients.
When a quick release agent for creating porosity is incorporated, this is preferably constituted by potassium iodide, but other possibilities for use as a quick release
0 8 3
-4agent are NaCl and sugar, amongst many others.
An example of one particular formulation of bolus in accordance with the invention is as follows:-
Material Weight Incorporated Zinc 74.77 g Rosin 18.58 g Potassium iodide 1.31 g Calcium iodate 6.15 g Sodium selenite 0.85 g Cobalt carbonate 1-41 g Total weight of bolus 103.01 g
This formulation is suitable for cattle, for which an overall weight of bolus in the range 30 to 170 g, preferably 50 to 150 g, typically about 100 g, is most suitable. A bolus for sheep, which would generally have a different formulation, would
normally have an overall weight in the range 5 to 35 g, preferably 7 to 25 g, typically about 15 g. A bolus for a calf would typically have a weight of 5 to 120 g, preferably 20 to 80 g, most preferably about 50 g.
A trial has been carried out in respect of iodine retention in the case of a test bolus of the following formulation: Iron:- 30 g, Pine rosin:- 5.7 g, Potassium iodide:20 2.35 g, with the following results:950839
-5Blood Iodine Content
Start 1 week 3 weeks 5 weeks
Control animal 13.9 30.6 16.3 19.3
Test animal given bolus 11.1 302.0 126.3 87.8
Other trials have been carried out with the following boluses, in order to test release rates of the benficial elements incorporated:-
Zn (ballast) 75.3 g Rosin (pine) 18.0 g Potassium iodide 3.01 g Cobalt carbonate 0.39 g Sodium selenite 0.12 g
Release rates of elements from the bolus (in percentages released)
days MPR 42 davs MDR Se 19.57 0.98 8.70 0.21 Co 45.95 2.30 38.26 0.91 I 28.41 1.42 91.15 2.17 Zn no release detected
where MDR represents the mean daily rate release percentage.
This test shows, as do the further results which follow, that a satisfactory release rate is achieved for all the biologically beneficial trace elements without any substantial release of the ballast, which would disadvantageously indicate
-6disintegration of the bolus.
Bolus 2 Zinc 71.01 g Rosin (pine) 18.30 g Sodium selenite 0.17 g Cobalt carbonate 1.08 g Potassium iodide 5.12 g
Release rates of elements from the bolus
days MDR 42 days MDE Se 16.67 0.83 39.39 0.94 Co 78.49 3.92 62.71 1.49 I 21.87 1.09 19.80 0.47 Zn no release detected
As a further modification of the bolus in accordance with the invention, it is possible to incorporate in the bolus, for example by means of a pocket sunk into the bolus and exposed to the bolus surface, biologically beneficial substances as hereinbefore exemplified in an eroding formulation. Continual release of the substances contained in this eroding pocket is not terminated by regurgitation or passing on of the reducing eroding material because this is retained within the body of the bolus which does not substantially erode.
Claims (12)
1. A bolus for supplying ruminant animals with a biologically beneficial substance, comprising a binder constituted by a resin and the beneficial substance uniformly dispersed in the binder. '
2. A bolus according to claim 1, having structural retention means to ensure long life in the alimentary tract.
3. A bolus according to claim 2, wherein the structural retention means is constituted by wings extending from the surface of the bolus.
4. A bolus according to claim 2, wherein the structural retention means is 1 0 constituted by a flexible interconnecting piece joining two bolus bodies.
5. A bolus according to claim 4, wherein the two bolus bodies are packed in a tube which rapidly disintegrates in use.
6. A bolus according to any of claims 2 to 5, comprising at least 50% resin.
7. A bolus according to claim 1, wherein a ballast is also incorporated in the 1 5 binder to ensure long life in the alimentary tract.
8. A bolus according to claim 7, wherein the ballast is constituted by a heavy metal or metal compound.
9. A bolus according to claim 8, wherein the ballast is constituted by elementary zinc. »950839 -810. A bolus according to claim 7 or claim 8, comprising by weight 3 to 70% resin, ballast 25 to 95% and beneficial substance 1 to 25%. 11. A bolus according to claim 10, comprising by weight 8 to 40% resin, 50 to 85% ballast and 3 to 25% beneficial substance. 5 12. A bolus according to any of claims 1 to 11, incorporating a fast dissolving substance uniformly dispersed in the binder, thereby in use to create bolus porosity. 13. A bolus according to any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the resin is constituted by a rosin.
10. 14. A bolus according to claim 13, wherein the rosin is a pine rosin.
11. 15. A bolus according to any of claims 1 to 14, wherein the beneficial substances dispersed in the binder are compounds of iodine, selenium and cobalt.
12. 16. A bolus for supplying ruminant animals with a biologically 15 beneficial substance substantially as described in the Examples.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IE980334A IE80683B1 (en) | 1994-11-25 | 1995-10-26 | Bolus for supplying biologically beneficial substances to ruminant animals |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9423786A GB9423786D0 (en) | 1994-11-25 | 1994-11-25 | Bolus for supplying biologically beneficial substances to ruminant animals |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
IE950839A1 true IE950839A1 (en) | 1996-05-29 |
IE80498B1 IE80498B1 (en) | 1998-08-12 |
Family
ID=10764951
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
IE950839A IE80498B1 (en) | 1994-11-25 | 1995-10-26 | Bolus for supplying biologically beneficial substances to ruminant animals |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AR (1) | AR000144A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU702320B2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB9423786D0 (en) |
IE (1) | IE80498B1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ280398A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2023553202A (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2023-12-20 | ルミナント バイオテク コーポレーション リミテッド | Improvements in devices and methods for delivering substances to animals |
-
1994
- 1994-11-25 GB GB9423786A patent/GB9423786D0/en active Pending
-
1995
- 1995-10-26 IE IE950839A patent/IE80498B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-11-03 NZ NZ28039895A patent/NZ280398A/en unknown
- 1995-11-16 AR AR33425295A patent/AR000144A1/en unknown
- 1995-11-20 AU AU37952/95A patent/AU702320B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IE80498B1 (en) | 1998-08-12 |
AU702320B2 (en) | 1999-02-18 |
NZ280398A (en) | 1996-12-20 |
GB9423786D0 (en) | 1995-01-11 |
AU3795295A (en) | 1996-05-30 |
AR000144A1 (en) | 1997-05-21 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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MK9A | Patent expired |