GB2326825A - Bolus for supplying biologically beneficial substances to ruminant animals - Google Patents
Bolus for supplying biologically beneficial substances to ruminant animals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2326825A GB2326825A GB9806615A GB9806615A GB2326825A GB 2326825 A GB2326825 A GB 2326825A GB 9806615 A GB9806615 A GB 9806615A GB 9806615 A GB9806615 A GB 9806615A GB 2326825 A GB2326825 A GB 2326825A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- bolus
- bodies
- rumen
- reticulo
- bolus according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
- A61K9/0068—Rumen, e.g. rumen bolus
Description
Bolus for Supplymg Biologically Beneficial Substances
to Ruminant Animals
This invention relates to a bolus for supplying ruminant animals such as cattle, sheep, goats and deer with a biologically beneficial substance. i.e. a substance with beneficial nutritional or medicinal effects. The bolus of the present invention is especially useful for supplying ruminant animals with large amounts of one or more beneficial substances over a prolonged period.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a bolus for a ruminant animal comprising two or more bodies linked by one or more connecting elements, at least one of the bodies being a body of a binding material carrying one or more biologically beneficial substances released when the bolus is resident in the reticulo-rumen, and means for holding the two bodies in a formation enabling oral administration of the bolus to the animal, the holding means being of a material which dissolves or disintegrates or expands in the reticulo-rumen to free the interconnected bodies for retention in the reticulo-rumen.
The bodies may be of a binding material, such as sugar. salt (NaCl), starch, cellulose, agar-agar, a gum such as xanthan, pectin or cereal flour, in any combination thereof, from which the beneficial substance(s) is or are released as the bodies gradually erode during the period of retention of the strung together bodies in the reticulo-rumen.
Alternatively, the bodies may be of a resin material, especially a rosin (pine rosin), from which the beneficial substance(s) is or are released by leaching, rather than erosion, during the period of retention of the strung together bodies in the reticulorumen.
Preferably, the bodies are strung together between points approximately central of their lengths and, in most instances, the two or more bodies will be identical.
If there is need to release very large quantities of a particular beneficial substance over a prolonged period, for example at least a week, then two or more identical bodies, each of the same order of size as a conventional single bodied bolus, may conveniently be used.
Generally, each body will incorporate a quantity of ballast material, typically zinc.
iron, manganese or copper. also to assist retention of the multiple-bodied bolus in the reticulo-rumen. For this reason, it is alternatively possible to employ multiple bodies which differ from one another, for example in that one body contains more ballast material than the other body or bodies. even to the extent that one body serves only for ballasting.
The or each connecting element is preferably flexible and may conveniently consist of a string or cord or tape of plastics material or other material which does not dissolve or disintegrate in the reticulo-rumen.
The holding means, which is of a material which does dissolve or disintegrate in the reticulo-rumen, may also be a string or cord fastener, but preferably comprises a tube or tubular wrapping, for example of cardboard or dissolvable paper, in which after wrapping the two or more bodies are assembled in close formation, typically end to end.
In the case of eroding bodies, each body of the bolus may comprise a body of water soluble gum or gelatin which serves as a binder and incorporates, in addition to the beneficial substance or substances, a material such as wheat flour, maize flour and/or salt to control porosity. Ballast material as aforesaid will also usually be incorporated. If the bolus is to deliver large quantitites of vitamin E, this is preferably incorporated in powder form.
Alternatively, however, other beneficial substances which may be incorporated either alone or in combination include nutrients such as trace elements, zinc or other compounds for controlling fungal, bacterial, protozoal and parasitic (endoor ecto-) conditions, other vitamins, lipids and medicaments.
In use, although the bolus bodies erode away, the bodies of reducing weight and size tend to be retained in the reticulonimen for a prolonged period at least in part due to the inherently retentive nature of a multiple bodied structure held together by one or more flexible connecting elements.
A similar range of beneficial substances may be incorporated in a bolus having two bodies, typically of a resin such as a rosin (pine rosin), from which the beneficial substance(s) is or are primarily leached from the bodies in use. The resin bodies may deform during the period of retention in the reticulo-rumen, but remain strung together to assist retention and prevent loss, for example due to regurgitation.
While a particularly large dose of a beneficial substance such as vitamin E can be delivered by use of a bolus having bodies of an eroding material, a preferred bolus for the delivery of vitamin E is a bolus having resin bodies, especially rosin (pine rosin) bodies, in which the vitamin E is incorporated in liquid form, in conjunction with an emulsifier such as Crillet 4.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a bolus for a ruminant animal comprising a body of a binding material carrying one or more biologically beneficial substances released when the bolus is resident in the reticulo-rumen, the body have a coating which gradually abrades away during the period of retention of the bolus in the reticulo-rumen, thereby gradually increasing the area of the body from which the beneficial substance is released.
The abrading coating is preferably of a wax material, but pectin, gums and shellac are other possibilities. The material must be one that abrades away in the reticulo-rumen, as distinct from a brittle coating which breaks away.
The binding material forming the body of the bolus may be of a material which erodes away in the reticulo-rumen, such as a body of a water soluble gum or gelatin mixed with a porosity controller as aforesaid, or of more usually a material from which the beneficial substance is leached when the bolus is resident in the reticulo-rumen, such as a resin, especially a rosin.
Beneficial substances as aforesaid can be incorporated, the release rate thereof at least in part being controlled by the abrading coating.
The two aspects of the invention can be combined.
Thus, the resin bodies of the bolus according to the first aspect of the invention can have a coating such as a wax coating, e.g. white beeswax and/or soft vegetable wax, which gradually abrades away during the period of retention of the bolus in the reticulo-rumen, thereby gradually increasing the areas of the bodies from which the beneficial substance(s), vitamin E for example, are leached.
A practical construction of bolus is diagrammatically illustrated in the accompanying drawing, the single figure of which shows a double-bodied bolus assembled ready for oral administration.
The illustrated bolus comprises a paper, spiral-wound tube 10 in which are assembled end to end two bolus bodies 12, 14 interconnected by a flexible
Terelene (Trade Mark) cord 16.
The bolus bodies 12, 14, which may be identical, are formed in moulds, and the ends of the interconnecting cord 16 may be embedded in the respective bodies during the moulding process. Alternatively, the cord (or a tape) may at its ends encircle the bolus bodies or be attached to an encasement means for the bolus bodies.
Desirably, the interconnecting cord or tape 16 interconnects the two bolus bodies approximately at the mid-points of the lengths of the bodies. whereby if one body should enter the oesophagus regurgitation is prevented by the second body lying transversely across the entrance to the oesophagus.
For administering a large, prolonged dose of vitamin E, each bolus body may have the following formulation, in parts by weight:
Rosin 6 g (binder)
Zinc powder 7 g (ballast)
Vitamin E 1.25 g (beneficial substance)
Crillet 4 0.5 g (emulsifier)
The vitamin E is incorporated in liquid form in conjunction with the emulsifier (Crillet 4) to enable the vitamin B liquid to be properly mixed into the resin prior to moulding of the bodies.
Each body optionally has a coating, especially a wax such as white beeswax (80%) and soft vegetable wax (20%), which gradually abrades away when the bolus is resident in the reticulorumen.
The total weight of the bolus, when incorporating two rosin bodies of the above formulation, is conveniently 29.4 g.
Alternatively, each bolus body may be moulded of a binder such as water soluble gum or gelatin or wheat flour or maize starch having porosity controlled by the incorporation of sodium chloride, for example.
Also incorporated may be a ballast material such as zinc, iron, manganese or copper, and at least one biologically beneficial substance such as vitamin E in powder form. Additional or alternative beneficial substances which may be incorporated have been previously mentioned.
In either case, in use, when after oral administration the bolus is received into the animal's reticulo-rumen, the paper tube 10 disintegrates and the bodies 12, 14 are released to drift apart as far as permitted by the interconnecting cord 16. The bolus bodies gradually release the beneficial substance over a prolonged period, retention of the bolus in the rumen or reticulum being ensured by the inherently retentive nature of the loosely interconnected ballasted bolus bodies, as aforesaid.
The aforesaid abrading coating is also applicable to a bolus having a single body, for example of the above formulation.
Claims (17)
1. A bolus for a ruminant animal comprising two or more bodies linked by one or more connecting elements, at least one of the bodies being a body of a binding material carrying one or more biologically beneficial substances released when the bolus is resident in the reticulo-rumen, and means for holding the two bodies in a formation enabling oral administration of the bolus to the animal, the holding means being of a material which dissolves or disintegrates or expands in the reticulo-rumen to free the interconnected bodies for retention in the reticulo-rumen.
2. A bolus according to claim 1, wherein the bodies are interconnected between points approximately central of their lengths.
3. A bolus according to claim 2, wherein the connecting element is a string or cord.
4. A bolus according to claim 1 or claim 2 or claim 3. wherein the holding means is a tube of a material which dissolves or disintegrates in the reticulorumen.
5. A bolus according to claim 4, wherein the tube is a paper or cardboard tube.
6. A bolus according to claim 4 or claim 5, wherein the bodies are assembled end to end in the tube.
7. A bolus according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein each body is made of a material which gradually erodes in the reticulo-rumen over a period of at least one week.
8. A bolus according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein each body is made of a 8. A bolus according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein each body is made of a material from which the beneficial substance is primarily released by leaching when the bolus is resident in the reticulo-rumen.
9. A bolus according to claim 8, wherein each body is made of a resin material.
10. A bolus according to claim 9, wherein the resin is a rosin.
11. A bolus according to any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the or one of the beneficial substances is vitamin E.
12. A bolus according to claim 11 when appendant to claim 9 or claim 10, wherein the vitamin E is incorporated in each resin body in liquid form.
13. A bolus according to claim 12, wherein the vitamin E is incorporated into each body in conjunction with an emulsifier.
14. A bolus according to claim 12 or claim 13, having a coating which will abrade away in the reticulo-rumen.
15. A bolus according to claim 14, wherein the coating is a wax.
16. A bolus according to claim 1, wherein each body has the formulation:
Rosin 35 to 45 per cent
Zinc ballast 45 to 55 per cent
Vitamin E liquid 5 to 10 per cent
Emulsifier 2 to 6 per cent
17. A bolus for a ruminant animal comprising a body of a binding material carrying one or more biologically beneficial substances released when the bolus is resident in the reticulo-rumen, the body having a coating which gradually abrades away during the period of retention of the bolus in the reticulo-rumen, thereby gradually increasing the area of the body from which the beneficial substance is released.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9806615A GB2326825A (en) | 1997-04-10 | 1998-03-28 | Bolus for supplying biologically beneficial substances to ruminant animals |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB9707264.9A GB9707264D0 (en) | 1997-04-10 | 1997-04-10 | Bolus for supplying biologically beneficial substances to ruminant animals |
GB9806615A GB2326825A (en) | 1997-04-10 | 1998-03-28 | Bolus for supplying biologically beneficial substances to ruminant animals |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB9806615D0 GB9806615D0 (en) | 1998-05-27 |
GB2326825A true GB2326825A (en) | 1999-01-06 |
Family
ID=26311349
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB9806615A Withdrawn GB2326825A (en) | 1997-04-10 | 1998-03-28 | Bolus for supplying biologically beneficial substances to ruminant animals |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB2326825A (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2353707A (en) * | 1999-05-15 | 2001-03-07 | William Leslie Porter | Coated bolus for ruminants |
GB2369298A (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2002-05-29 | William Leslie Porter | Bolus for supplying biologically beneficial substances to ruminant animals |
WO2011096827A1 (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2011-08-11 | Bomac Research Limited | Treatment delivery device |
GB2510826A (en) * | 2013-02-13 | 2014-08-20 | Animax Ltd | Improvements in or relating to release of a beneficial substance from a bolus |
DE102017212520A1 (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2019-01-24 | Ulf-Michael Stumpe | Bolus for entry in the rumen of ruminants and method of making the bolus |
WO2022237993A1 (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2022-11-17 | Bimeda Animal Health Limited | A water soluble or water dispersible bolus article containing bromoform |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2077103A (en) * | 1980-06-09 | 1981-12-16 | Pitman Moore Inc | Mesh-covered bolus |
GB2122086A (en) * | 1982-06-22 | 1984-01-11 | Univ Glasgow | Device for introducing nutrients and/or therapeutic materials into ruminant animals |
EP0283458A2 (en) * | 1987-03-16 | 1988-09-21 | Monsanto Company | Somatropin prolonged release |
GB2203336A (en) * | 1987-04-01 | 1988-10-19 | Strathclyde Chemical Co Ltd | Composition |
US5252561A (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1993-10-12 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation for the controlled release of active substances which are suitable as a therapeutics or for improving growth and feed utilization in ruminants |
WO1995019763A1 (en) * | 1994-01-20 | 1995-07-27 | New Zealand Pastorial Agriculture Research Institute Limited | Device for administration of beneficial materials to ruminants |
GB2295316A (en) * | 1994-11-25 | 1996-05-29 | William Leslie Porter | Bolus for supplying biologically beneficial substances to ruminant animals |
GB2297484A (en) * | 1995-02-01 | 1996-08-07 | William Leslie Porter | A Ruminant Bolus Comprising Particulate Matter and a Rapidly Dissolving Binder |
-
1998
- 1998-03-28 GB GB9806615A patent/GB2326825A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2077103A (en) * | 1980-06-09 | 1981-12-16 | Pitman Moore Inc | Mesh-covered bolus |
GB2122086A (en) * | 1982-06-22 | 1984-01-11 | Univ Glasgow | Device for introducing nutrients and/or therapeutic materials into ruminant animals |
EP0283458A2 (en) * | 1987-03-16 | 1988-09-21 | Monsanto Company | Somatropin prolonged release |
GB2203336A (en) * | 1987-04-01 | 1988-10-19 | Strathclyde Chemical Co Ltd | Composition |
US5252561A (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1993-10-12 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation for the controlled release of active substances which are suitable as a therapeutics or for improving growth and feed utilization in ruminants |
WO1995019763A1 (en) * | 1994-01-20 | 1995-07-27 | New Zealand Pastorial Agriculture Research Institute Limited | Device for administration of beneficial materials to ruminants |
GB2295316A (en) * | 1994-11-25 | 1996-05-29 | William Leslie Porter | Bolus for supplying biologically beneficial substances to ruminant animals |
GB2297484A (en) * | 1995-02-01 | 1996-08-07 | William Leslie Porter | A Ruminant Bolus Comprising Particulate Matter and a Rapidly Dissolving Binder |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2353707A (en) * | 1999-05-15 | 2001-03-07 | William Leslie Porter | Coated bolus for ruminants |
GB2369298A (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2002-05-29 | William Leslie Porter | Bolus for supplying biologically beneficial substances to ruminant animals |
WO2011096827A1 (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2011-08-11 | Bomac Research Limited | Treatment delivery device |
GB2510826A (en) * | 2013-02-13 | 2014-08-20 | Animax Ltd | Improvements in or relating to release of a beneficial substance from a bolus |
GB2510826B (en) * | 2013-02-13 | 2015-09-02 | Animax Ltd | Improvements in or relating to release of a beneficial substance from a bolus |
US9358208B2 (en) | 2013-02-13 | 2016-06-07 | Animax Ltd | Recessed bolus |
DE102017212520A1 (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2019-01-24 | Ulf-Michael Stumpe | Bolus for entry in the rumen of ruminants and method of making the bolus |
WO2022237993A1 (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2022-11-17 | Bimeda Animal Health Limited | A water soluble or water dispersible bolus article containing bromoform |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB9806615D0 (en) | 1998-05-27 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |