IE913903A1 - Hitching system between a tractor and a trailer of the semi-supported type - Google Patents
Hitching system between a tractor and a trailer of the semi-supported typeInfo
- Publication number
- IE913903A1 IE913903A1 IE390391A IE390391A IE913903A1 IE 913903 A1 IE913903 A1 IE 913903A1 IE 390391 A IE390391 A IE 390391A IE 390391 A IE390391 A IE 390391A IE 913903 A1 IE913903 A1 IE 913903A1
- Authority
- IE
- Ireland
- Prior art keywords
- trailer
- axis
- hitching
- latch
- tractor
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60D—VEHICLE CONNECTIONS
- B60D1/00—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices
- B60D1/14—Draw-gear or towing devices characterised by their type
- B60D1/145—Draw-gear or towing devices characterised by their type consisting of an elongated single bar or tube
- B60D1/155—Draw-gear or towing devices characterised by their type consisting of an elongated single bar or tube comprising telescopic or foldable parts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B59/00—Devices specially adapted for connection between animals or tractors and agricultural machines or implements
- A01B59/04—Devices specially adapted for connection between animals or tractors and agricultural machines or implements for machines pulled or pushed by a tractor
- A01B59/042—Devices specially adapted for connection between animals or tractors and agricultural machines or implements for machines pulled or pushed by a tractor having pulling means arranged on the rear part of the tractor
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Agricultural Machines (AREA)
- Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
- Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
- Vehicle Cleaning, Maintenance, Repair, Refitting, And Outriggers (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Abstract
The coupling system according to the invention comprises a connecting arm (5) arranged between the front (8) of the trailer and the tractor coupling bar (7) which is fastened and articulated on the lifting arms (9). The connecting arm (5) comprises means of articulation about a rolling axis (13) and means of articulation about two yawing axes (11, 12) which are changeable and are arranged one in the region of the central lower part of the front face (8) of the trailer and the other in the region of the coupling bar (7). The device comprises means for locking one or other yawing axis (11, 12) in order to carry out an alternative selection of said axes. These means can be in the form of a sliding latch (20) associated with operating means of the lever (23) or hydraulic-jack type. This coupling system makes it possible to improve driving under traction or in reverse as a result of the proposed choice for the positioning of the yawing axis. <IMAGE>
Description
The present invention relates to a hitching or coupling system between a tractor and a trailer of the semi-supported type, where the axle is positioned in the rear half for example; it relates more particularly to an improvement in a hitching system for an agricultural trailer which is loaded from the rear by means of for example a hydraulic shovel.
These agricultural trailers, known as trailers for the removal of the contents of silos, are formed by a skip open at the rear and equipped, at the front, with a device for distributing the product contained in the skip. A hydraulic shovel enables filling this skip; this hydraulic shovel is articulated on arms mounted on the sides of said skip. This type of trailer is generally brought near to and even against the cutting face of the silo by means of a tractor. The control of the operations for the recovery of the products in the silo is carried out from the tractor or from an operating station provided on the skip.
Driving of the tractor and manoeuvring with such skips, sometimes of great capacity, may pose problems arising from the confined spaces in which they are used.
The hitching system according to the invention permits, in particular, rendering the driving of this type of trailer easier, by facilitating in particular manoeuvres in buildings which are sometimes cramped or even dead ends. Above all it permits improving the precision of driving during forward manoeuvres and principally in reverse.
According to a particular embodiment, the hitching device permits rendering it such that in normal driving in haulage, the wheels of the trailer substantially follow the tracks of the rear wheels of the tractor. The turning radius of the combination is improved and the equipment may be more effectively operated in cramped buildings.
The hitching system according to the invention comprises a hitching bar mounted on the lifting system of the tractor in such a manner as to pivot about the axis which is known as the axis of pitch, and it comprises an elongate connecting arm located between said hitching bar and the front of the trailer. This connecting arm is equipped, at one of its ends, with an articulation about an axis known as the roll axis. It also comprises articulation means about an axis known as the yaw axis which is disposed, depending on the manoeuvre, either at the level of the lower central portion of the front face of the trailer for a forward manoeuvre, or at the level of said hitching bar for a manoeuvre in reverse.
According to a preferred disposition, the connecting arm comprises two yaw axes, interchangeable depending on the manoeuvre envisaged. In normal driving in haulage, the free yaw axis is that situated at the level of the front face of the trailer. Given the distance ratios, the wheels of the trailer substantially follow the tracks of the rear wheels of the tractor. In reverse, the yaw axis may be changed to increase the sweep length of the trailer. The free axis is thus that situated at the level of the hitching bar of the tractor.
To carry out this operation, the hitching system comprises means for locking the one or the other of the yaw axes, permitting alternate selection of said axes.
According to a particular embodiment, these locking means consist of a sliding latch, mounted on the connecting arm, between the two yaw axes. This latch is connected to operating means which enable the locking of one of the axes and the freeing of the other axis.
According to another disposition of the invention, the sliding latch is integral with the connecting arm and comes to lock the one or the other of the yaw axes by engaging in a notch formed - 3 IE 913903 at the level of forks for holding these axes. One of these forks is integral with the hitching bar, and the other with the front of the trailer.
According to another preferred disposition, the forks which are in front of the latch are shaped in arcs of circles centred on the corresponding yaw axis; these arcs of circles situated on both sides of the notch are for guiding the end of the latch and fulfill a securing function by preventing, during manoeuvring, any inadvertent disengagement of said latch, as long as the alignment between the tractor and the trailer is not perfect.
Still further according to the invention, the means for operating the latch acts in such a manner as to automatically push it into the one or the other of the notches provided, when it finds itself opposite said latch. These means may be in the form of a hydraulic jack connected to a hydraulic accumulator; they may also be in the form of a selection lever integral with the connecting arm and the end of which is connected to said latch by the intermediary of return means in the form of a spiral spring.
The invention will be further illustrated, without being limited in any way, by the following description of different embodiments, given by way of example, and shown in the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a side view of the tractor and trailer, Figure 2 is a view from above showing the tractor and its trailer in an aligned position and in a turning disposition, the axis of turning or yaw selected being that of normal driving in haulage, Figure 3 is a view from above of the hitching system only, Figure 4 is a side view of the hitching system shown in Figure 3, Figure 5 is a diagrammatic view of a variant of the means for operating the sliding latch.
Figure 1 shows, in a diagrammatic manner, a tractor 1 to which is hitched a trailer 2 of the semi-supported type for removing the contents of silos, the trailer being loaded from the rear by means of a shovel 3 mounted on articulated arms. The trailer 2 comprises an axle 4 disposed in the rear half.
The hitching system comprises, Figures 1 and 2, a connecting arm 5 disposed, in the position shown, in the median longitudinal plane 6 of the tractor. This connecting arm 5 is located between the hitching bar 7 on the tractor and the front portion 8 of the trailer 2. The hitching bar 7 is mounted in known manner on the lifting arms 9 of the tractor. This bar 7 can pivot about the horizontal axis 10, perpendicular to the vertical median plane 6 of the tractor; this horizontal axis 10 constitutes the axis of pitch.
The connecting arm 5 comprises, at each of its ends, an axis of articulation, substantially vertical, which forms the axis of yaw or turning. The turning or yaw axis 11 is positioned at the centre of the front face 8 of the trailer 2 and the turning or yaw axis 12 is positioned at the level of the hitching bar 7. These two articulations allow the trailer to pivot about the one or the other of the axes 11, 12, depending on the manoeuvre desired.
This same connecting arm 5 is also articulated on the hitching bar 7 about a substantially horizontal axis 13, situated in the drawings in the median plane 6 of the tractor; this axis constitutes the roll axis. This axis 13 may in the same manner be disposed between the arm 5 and the front portion 8 of the trailer, in the median plane 6' of said trailer.
The arm 5 forms, with the hitching bar 7 and the lifting arms 9 of the tractor, a joint which allows all of the movements of yaw or turning, roll and pitch between the trailer and the tractor.
Figures 3 and 4 show the hitching system 7 on its own. - 5 IE 913903 The connecting arm 5 is in the form of a section of tube of square cross-section or a box formed by welded plates for example. This arm 5 comprises, at each of its ends front and back, a vertical socket 14 which co-operates with a pin 15 maintained in appropriate manner in a fork arrangement 16 which is itself integral with the front portion 8 of the trailer, to form the articulation corresponding to the yaw axis 11, and with the hitching bar 7 to form the articulation corresponding to the yaw axis 12.
In the embodiment shown, the front end of the arm 5, the tractor end, comprises a fork arrangement 16 provided with a pin 17 which turns about the roll axis 13; this pin 17 passes through the hitching bar 7 and is mounted in a socket 18 integral with said hitching bar. The front end of the pin 17 comprises means for immobilising it in the form of a ring 19 pinned in such a manner as to render the arm 5 integral with the hitching bar 7 with a freedom of movement about the longitudinal roll axis 13.
The hitching bar 7 is in the form of an elongate tube or box of substantially square cross-section, formed for example from welded plates. This box comprises, in its median portion, the socket 18 which serves to guide the pin 17 situated at the front portion of the arm 5. This socket 18 is centered on the longitudinal axis 13 perpendicular to the median longitudinal axis of pitch 10 of the hitching bar 7.
This bar 7 is mounted on the lifting arms 9 of the tractor in known manner, that is to say in swivel joints 9' allowing rotation about the axis of pitch 10. There is thus obtained a freedom of movement during oscillations of the hitching bar resulting from ground defects or during specific manoeuvres.
The length of the connecting arm 5 may be between 0.5 and 1.5 m approximately. This length must be compatible with the sizes and dimensions of the equipment being used and also so as to conserve a turning radius sufficient for the rig thus formed. The similar dispositions provided at each end of the arm 5 confer on said bar two possibilities for articulation about the aforementioned - 6 IE 913903 vertical yaw axes 11 and 12. Only one of these articulations 11, 12 is used and this depending on the manoeuvre desired. The device according to the invention thus comprises means for locking the one or the other of the yaw axes 11, 12, allowing alternate selection of said axes.
In the embodiment shown in Figures 3 to 5, these locking means comprise a sliding latch 20 in the form of a metal bar, mounted on the connecting arm 5 in two guides 21. The latch 20 is mounted between the two yaw axes 11 and 12; it may be slidingly engaged in the notches 22 formed in the forks disposed at the ends of the arm 5.
It is easily understood that the insertion of the latch 20 in the notch 22 permits the corresponding yaw axis to be locked; the length of the latch 20 is such that once positioned in one of the notches 22 it is completely disengaged from the other notch 22.
The position of the latch 20 thus permits selecting the yaw axis 11 or 12 as a function of manoeuvres.
The operating of the latch 20 is carried out when the median plane of the tractor and that of the trailer are aligned, that is to say when the respective notches 22 are disposed opposite each other. In the opposite case, the particular shapes of the forks 16, in the form of arcs of circles, on both sides of the notches 22, prevents any unlocking movement. These arcs of circles are centered on the corresponding yaw axes 11, 12; they are situated on both sides of the notch 22.
The operating of the latch 20 may be carried out in different manners. Figures 3 and 4 show a possible embodiment for these operating means. These means are formed by a selection lever 23 articulated at 24 at the level of the central portion of the arm 5 and equipped at its other end with an operating handle 25. The end of the lever 23 corresponding to the handle 25 is connected to the latch 20 by the intermediary of a return means of the spiral spring type 26. Two stops 27 permit limiting the operating sector of the - 7 IE 913903 lever 23; they are disposed in such a manner as to permit an automatic locking of the position of said lever under the action of the spring 26 loaded between the latch 20 and the handle 25.
The action of pivoting the lever 23 about its axis of articulation 24 permits bringing about a pulling force on the latch 20, by the intermediary of the spring 26, in the same direction as the displacement of the lever 23. Figure 4 shows the direction of displacement 27' of the latch 20 brought about by a movement of the lever 23 indicated by the arrow 28. Under the effect of the spring 26, the latch 20 automatically takes up position in the appropriate notch 22, as soon as the tractor and the trailer are aligned, by a sharp swift movement.
Another means of operating the latch 20 has been diagrammatically depicted in Figure 5. In this embodiment, the displacement of the latch 20 in its fixed slide guides 21 is remotely controlled by means of a hydraulic jack 29 preferably connected to a hydraulic accumulator 30 which permits delaying the movement of said latch if the tractor and the trailer are not aligned. Of course other embodiments may be envisaged, of a mechanical type or even by means of electromagnets.
In Figure 2, the tractor 1 has been depicted in normal driving in haulage, in an aligned position with the trailer, and in a turned position.
In this case, the front axis 12 is locked by the latch 20 and it is the back vertical axis 11 which plays the role of yaw axis. The arm 5 is thus permanently disposed along the median axis 6 of the tractor; it forms a T with the hitching bar 7. It should be noted, in this Figure, that the yaw axis 11 of the connecting arm 5, on the front of the trailer, is situated substantially in the bisector plane 31 which separates the axis 32 of the rear wheels of the tractor and the axis 33 of the wheels of the trailer 2. This constructive disposition permits having the wheels of the trailer 2 turn substantially in the tracks of the rear wheels of the tractor, which greatly facilitates the manoeuvring of this type of machine. - 8 IE 913903 In fact the ratio between the distances which separate the axis 11 from the axis 32 on the one hand and the axis 33 on the other hand is near to 1, being between 0.75 and 1.25 approximately.
It should be noted that in the normal position of haulage, the arm 5 is substantially horizontal, in prolongation of the lifting arms 9 of the tractor.
If it is desired to facilitate reversing and in particular manoeuvres in reverse, the sweep of the trailer is lengthened, that is to say the distance between the yaw axis and the axis 33 of the wheels of the trailer. This operation is carried out by aligning the median axes of the tractor and of the trailer and actuating the latch 20 towards the rear to lock the axis 11 and free the axis 12.
This very simple operation permits greatly facilitating the operations of manoeuvring in reverse and in particular the operations of adjusting the position of the trailer in cramped locations.
The reference signs inserted after the technical characteristics mentioned in the claims only have the aim of facilitating understanding of these latter and in no way limit their scope.
Claims (11)
1. A hitching system between a tractor and a trailer of the semi-supported type, comprising a connecting arm, located between said trailer and a hitching bar mounted on and articulated to the lifting arms of said tractor, said arm comprising articulation means about a roll axis and about a yaw or turning axis, the articulation means about a yaw axis being disposed, depending on the manoeuvre, either at the level of the central lower portion of the front face of the trailer, or at the level of said hitching bar.
2. A hitching system according to Claim 1, wherein the connecting arm is equipped, at each of its ends, with a pin mounted in a fork arrangement which is disposed at the level of the front face of the trailer to define a first yaw axis and at the level of the hitching bar to define a second yaw axis.
3. A hitching system according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein the arm comprises, at one of its ends, articulation means about a roll axis which is substantially horizontal and situated in the median longitudinal plane either of the tractor or of the trailer.
4. A hitching system according to any of Claims 1 to 3, comprising a yaw axis at the level of the central lower portion of the front face of the trailer, for which the ratio of the distances from the axis of the rear axle of the tractor on the one hand and from the axis of the axle of the trailer on the other hand, is near to 1, being between 0.75 and 1.25 approximately.
5. A hitching system according to any of Claims 1 to 4, comprising means for locking one or other of two yaw axes, said means permitting alternate selection or interchange of said axes.
6. A hitching system according to Claim 5, wherein the locking means consists of a sliding latch, mounted on the arm between the two yaw axes, the latch being connected to operating means which enable the locking of one of the axes and the freeing of the other axis. - 10 IE 913903
7. A hitching system according to Claim 6, wherein the sliding latch is integral with the connecting arm and comes to lock the one or the other of the yaw axes by engaging in a notch formed at the level of forks for holding the axes, one of the notches being integral with the hitching bar and the other with the front of the trailer.
8. A hitching system according to Claim 7, wherein on both sides of the notch, the profile of the fork is that of an arc of a circle so as to maintain the selection of the latch in case of an even slight misalignment of the median axes of the tractor and the trailer.
9. A hitching system according to any of Claims 6 to 8, comprising means for operating the latch, said means consisting of a selection lever integral with and articulated on the arm, the other end of the lever being connected to the latch by the intermediary of a return means of the spiral spring type, which automatically displaces said latch into the appropriate said notch when the notch presents itself.
10. A hitching system according to any of Claims 6 to 8, comprising means for automatically operating the latch, said means consisting of a hydraulic jack connected to a hydraulic accumulator in such a manner as to automatically displace the latter into the appropriate said notch when the notch presents itself.
11. A hitching system substantially as described herein with reference to and as shown in Figures 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawings, or these Figures as modified by Figure 5.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9014099A FR2668879A1 (en) | 1990-11-09 | 1990-11-09 | SYSTEM FOR HITCHING BETWEEN A TRACTOR AND A SEMI-RIDED TYPE OF TRAILER. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IE913903A1 true IE913903A1 (en) | 1992-05-20 |
| IE73253B1 IE73253B1 (en) | 1997-05-21 |
Family
ID=9402145
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IE390391A IE73253B1 (en) | 1990-11-09 | 1991-11-08 | Hitching system between a tractor and a trailer of the semi-supported type |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0485296B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE100664T1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ280234B6 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69101102T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2668879A1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU211414B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE73253B1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL165972B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2021907C1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2703955B1 (en) * | 1993-04-16 | 1995-07-07 | Lucas Sa G | Improvement of the coupling system between a tractor and a tool of the semi-mounted trailer type, for example. |
| DK101495A (en) * | 1995-09-13 | 1997-03-14 | Freudendahl J Fab As | Trailed agricultural implements |
| ES2128902B1 (en) * | 1995-09-13 | 2000-03-01 | Euro Implementos S L | DEVICE TO HOOK AN IMPLEMENT TO A MACHINE. |
| EP0893287A1 (en) * | 1997-07-25 | 1999-01-27 | New Holland Braud S.A. | Towing means for an agricultural vehicle |
| GB0620996D0 (en) * | 2006-10-21 | 2006-11-29 | Agco Sa | Tractor hitch |
| CN108990450A (en) * | 2018-06-18 | 2018-12-14 | 严芳 | A kind of modern agricultural machinery traction device |
| US20200101804A1 (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-02 | Beijing Jingdong Shangke Information Technology Co., Ltd. | Connector for connecting trailers in mobile robotic device and method of controlling the same |
| CN110431946A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-12 | 贵州大学 | It is a kind of to have the traction device for reducing traction bending moment power structure based on agricultural machinery |
| IT201900016559A1 (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2021-03-17 | Rudiflex S R L | Towing system, assembly and management method |
| RU201434U1 (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-12-15 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина" | Traction coupling stabilizer for a single axle trailer |
| IT202000024958A1 (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2022-04-22 | Rebos Oleodinamica Srl | STEERING RUDDER |
| RU207045U1 (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-10-08 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина" | Stabilizing device for straight-line movement of a two-axle trailer |
| RU2767088C1 (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2022-03-16 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина" | Stabilizing towing device of single-axle trailer with variable inclination of kingpin |
| RU208371U1 (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-12-15 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина" | Stabilizing towing hitch of a single-axle trailer with variable king pin inclination |
| RU2771088C1 (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-04-26 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина" | Stabilizing towing device of uniaxial trailer with adjustable pivot tilt |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1040901A (en) * | 1900-01-01 | |||
| US2879079A (en) * | 1956-06-29 | 1959-03-24 | Ralph A Edwards | Trailer coupling |
| DE2355062A1 (en) * | 1973-11-03 | 1975-05-15 | Anton Gebauer | Telescopic rigid vehicle towing bar - has spring actuated lock to automatically hold extended by gripping centre grooves |
| NO772853L (en) * | 1976-08-23 | 1978-02-24 | Uni Drive Tractors Ltd | MECHANICAL JOINT CONNECTION. |
| DE3316128A1 (en) * | 1983-05-03 | 1984-11-08 | Gebrüder Holder GmbH & Co, 7430 Metzingen | Trailing device for agricultural tractor vehicles |
| FR2546825B1 (en) * | 1983-06-01 | 1988-05-27 | Val Notre Dame Soudure Meca Ap | PROCESS FOR INCREASING THE TURNING ANGLE OF VEHICLES CONSTITUTED BY A TRAILER DRAWN BY A TRACTOR USING A HANDLE AND FOLDABLE SPRING HANDLE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS PROCESS |
| US4662646A (en) * | 1985-02-13 | 1987-05-05 | Ingersoll Equipment Co., Inc. | Trailing mower and drawbar articulation |
-
1990
- 1990-11-09 FR FR9014099A patent/FR2668879A1/en active Granted
-
1991
- 1991-11-06 RU SU915010079A patent/RU2021907C1/en active
- 1991-11-07 AT AT91403002T patent/ATE100664T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-11-07 EP EP91403002A patent/EP0485296B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-11-07 CZ CS913390A patent/CZ280234B6/en unknown
- 1991-11-07 DE DE69101102T patent/DE69101102T3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-11-08 HU HU913522A patent/HU211414B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-11-08 PL PL91292331A patent/PL165972B1/en unknown
- 1991-11-08 IE IE390391A patent/IE73253B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CS339091A3 (en) | 1992-05-13 |
| HU913522D0 (en) | 1992-01-28 |
| FR2668879A1 (en) | 1992-05-15 |
| EP0485296B1 (en) | 1994-01-26 |
| PL165972B1 (en) | 1995-03-31 |
| ATE100664T1 (en) | 1994-02-15 |
| HU211414B (en) | 1995-11-28 |
| DE69101102T2 (en) | 1994-05-11 |
| DE69101102T3 (en) | 2000-02-03 |
| PL292331A1 (en) | 1992-06-26 |
| DE69101102D1 (en) | 1994-03-10 |
| HUT64170A (en) | 1993-12-28 |
| IE73253B1 (en) | 1997-05-21 |
| CZ280234B6 (en) | 1995-12-13 |
| FR2668879B1 (en) | 1994-07-13 |
| EP0485296A1 (en) | 1992-05-13 |
| RU2021907C1 (en) | 1994-10-30 |
| EP0485296B2 (en) | 1999-07-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM4A | Patent lapsed |