IE54142B1 - Anode active material and alkaline cells containing same, and method for the production thereof - Google Patents
Anode active material and alkaline cells containing same, and method for the production thereofInfo
- Publication number
- IE54142B1 IE54142B1 IE623/83A IE62383A IE54142B1 IE 54142 B1 IE54142 B1 IE 54142B1 IE 623/83 A IE623/83 A IE 623/83A IE 62383 A IE62383 A IE 62383A IE 54142 B1 IE54142 B1 IE 54142B1
- Authority
- IE
- Ireland
- Prior art keywords
- indium
- active material
- zinc
- anode active
- powder
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 54
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005267 amalgamation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Pb] JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- NJWNEWQMQCGRDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[In] NJWNEWQMQCGRDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BCETXQXQEAECAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Hg].[In].[Zn] Chemical compound [Hg].[In].[Zn] BCETXQXQEAECAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- DQKFOACXRZCDCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Hg].[In].[Pb].[Zn] Chemical compound [Hg].[In].[Pb].[Zn] DQKFOACXRZCDCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940008718 metallic mercury Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZHMDYHZWRKJDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pb].[Zn].[In] Chemical compound [Pb].[Zn].[In] FZHMDYHZWRKJDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002471 indium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002472 indium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K indium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[In](Cl)Cl PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVUZUKYBUMROPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Hg] YVUZUKYBUMROPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQPIGGFYSBELGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury(2+) Chemical compound [Hg+2] BQPIGGFYSBELGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/42—Alloys based on zinc
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
An anode active material of zinc powder with indium coexisting therewith, the metals being amalgamated, an alkaline cell using the anode active material therein, and a method for the production of the anode active material or the alkaline cell.
Description
This invention relates to an anode material for batteries and a method for producing the anode material and also to an alkaline cell using the anode material therein and a method for producing the cell. More particularly, it relates to an anode active material composed of amalgamated zinc powder and used . to inhibit the evolution of gases in alkaline 'cells etc. and a method for producing the anode active material and also to an improved alkaline cell using -° the anode active material and a method for producing the improved alkaline cell.
In alkaline cells and the like in which zinc is used as the anode active material, they must be of a closed type since they use a strong alkaline electrolyte such as an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide. The fact that the cells are of a closed type is particularly important in making them compactsized and, at the same time, results in closing therein hydrogen gas evolved due to corrosion of the zinc 20 during storage of the cells. Accordingly, the gas pressure in the cells will increase during a long-term storage thereof whereby a possible danger such as explosion may be incurred more frequently the more perfectly the closing of ..the cells is effected. As a countermeasure to eliminate, this possibility, there have been proposed various cells which are so structurally designed as to selectively introduce such a gas produced in the ceils to the outside; however, the cells so proposed are not fully satisfactory ones. Thus, studies were made in an attempt to prevent the corrosion of a zinc anode active material in cells thereby lessening the evolution of gases in the inside of the cells and, as a result of the studies, amalgamated zinc taking advantage of a high hydrogen overvoltage of mercury has been prevalently used. However, the anode active material used in alkaline cells now on market contains mercury in an amount of as much as about 5-15% and is apt to endanger human bodies and other life and cause environmental contamination.
Thus there have also been proposed alkaline cells in which is used a zinc electrode incorporated with lead (Pb) or the like instead of mercury thereby to inhibit the evolution of gases. Such incorporated elements are effective to some extent in inhibiting such gas evolution; however, they cannot be a substitute for mercury at present from the view-point of effectiveness. In addition, there has further been proposed a method comprising immersing zinc powder in a mercury ion-containing acidic solution incorporated with Pb, Cd and like ions to amalgamate the zinc powder by means of cementation simultaneously with adding the Pb, Cd and the like to the zinc powder; however, even the method so further proposed is not conducive to decreasing the amount of mercury to be used therein, inhibiting the gas evolution effectively.
In view of the drawbacks of the aforesaid conventional methods, an object of this invention is to provide an alkaline cell wherein is used a novel anode active material containing a remarkably decreased amount of mercury required to inhibit hydrogen gas evolution from an anode active material and enabling the cell performance to be improved.
This and other objects of this invention will be apparent from the following description. 5414 2 The present inventors have found that if both mercury and indium are present in an anode active material comprising zinc, they will produce not only synergistic inhibiting effects on hydrogen gas evolution but also improve the cell performance and such a zinc-mercury-indium anode active material will exhibit at least the same inhibiting effects on hydrogen gas evolution as a conventional anode active material composed merely of amalgamated zinc even if the indium-containing active material has a remarkably low content of mercury as compared with conventional amalgamated zinc.
It has also been found that when used with mercury, thallium is another element that will exhibit, like the indium, a marked effect in reducing the hydrogen gas evolution.
According to the present invention, there is provided an anode active material which is powder composed of zinc or zinc/lead alloy providing a lead content in the anode active material of from 0.005 to 1% by weight and indium or thallium coexisting with the zinc or zinc/lead alloy and present in an amount from 0.01 to 1.8% by weight of the anode active material, the metals being amalgamated to such an extent that the mercury content of the anode active material is not more than 1.5% by weight. This invention also provides alkaline cells comprising such anode active material and methods for the production thereof.
Conventional anode active materials composed simply of amalgamated zinc powder have a 5-15% by weight content of mercury, while the anode active materials according to this invention may have a mercury content ox as low as 1.5% by weight or less, generally 1% by weight or less, to inhibit gas evolution to at least the same extent as the conventional ones and still improve cell performance.
The indium or thallium content of the novel anode active material of this invention somewhat varies depending on the method by which the active material is produced, and it covers the range of 0.01-1.8* by weight.
The anode active material of. this invention, which is used as such in the alkaline cell of this invention, may be produced by a number of methods typical of which are: (1) a method for amalgamating zinc-indium or zincthallium powder (partially indium- or thalliumcemented* zinc powder) (2) a method for amalgamating zinc powder with indium amalgam or thallium amalgam and (3) a method for amalgamating a zinc-indium or zincthallium alloy which is in powder form.
It is preferable that the anode active material of this invention be produced by forming zinc-indium (thallium)-mercury as an amalgamated metal powder by the use of any one of the above three methods. Hereinafter, for the sake of succinctness only, reference will be made generally to use of indium rather than indium or thallium.
The method (1) may be carried out by, for example, dissolving metallic indium or an indium compound in an acid such as hydrochloric acid, heating the whole to evaporate the greater part of the excess acid as reguired and diluting the remaining solution with water so as to prepare an indium salt-aqueous solution having a predetermined indium concentration (for example, 0.1-5 g/1 as indium). Then, zinc powder is immersed in the thus prepared solution to react the zinc and indium at a temperature of 80°C or lower' and for a reaction time of 1-60 minutes thereby attaching indium to the surface of the zinc powder. It is possible to vary the amount of indium to the zinc powder as required by varying the indium concentration in the indium salt solution, the reaction temperature, the reaction time and the like.
The resulting 2inc-indium powder prepared by attaching indium to the surface of the zinc powder is washed with water, dried or not dried and then amalgamated.
The amalgamation may be achieved by various methods, among which the following ones are preferred; One of the preferred methods comprises immersing such zinc-indium powder as above in an alkali solution such as an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, preliminarily agitating the resulting mixture for 1-30 minutes, allowing metallic mercury to drop slowly into the mixture through small openings, agitating the whole for 30-120 minutes, washed with water and then dried at a low temperature of 30-60°C thereby to obtain zinc-indiummercury powder. The preferably indium content of the thus obtained zinc-indium-mercury powder is 0.01-1% by weight.
Another method comprises mixing indium with mercury to form indium amalgam and then amalgamating zinc powder with the thus formed indium amalgam. When the zinc powder is amalgamated with the indium amalgam, the amalgam will be contained in the zinc powder while the indium/mercury ratio in the indium amalgam is kept unchanged since mercury is capable of easily forming an amalgam not only with zinc but also with indium even at room temperature. It is accordingly possible to vary the indium and mercury contents in zinc powder by varying the indium content in indium amalgam. The amalgamation may be effected by various methods and is preferably identical with that previously mentioned. More particularly, the amalgamation is effected by immersing indium amalgam in an alkali solution to which zinc powder is added.
Still another method comprises adding indium to melted zinc to prepare zinc-indium alloy powder and then amalgamating the thus prepared alloy powder to form zinc-indium-mercury powder.
Various methods are applicable to amalgamation, among which is preferred the same method as mentioned above, that is a method comprising adding mercury to an alkaline solution containing zinc-indium alloy powder.
Although in the foregoing discussion of production methods mention is made specifically to use of indium, analogous procedures may be employed with producing active materials containing thallium. Moreover, zinc-lead alloy powder (containing 0.005-1% of lead) may be used without trouble instead of zinc powder (containing not more than 0.003% by weight of lead) and references to zinc should be understood to include references to such zinc/lead alloys of 0.005 to 1% by weight lead content.
This invention will be better understood by the following examples wherein all the percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified.
Example 1 An 0.3 g sample of indium metal was entirely dissolved in an excessive amount of hydrochloric acid, heated to remove the greater part of the excess hydrochloric acid by evaporation and then diluted with purified water to prepare 600 ml of an indium chloride solution having an indium concentration of 0.5 g/l.
The thus obtained solution was incorporated with 250 g of a commercially available zinc powder (35-100 mesh) for cells or batteries and then agitated at 20°C for 30 minutes to attach the indium to the surface of the zinc powder. The zinc-indium powder so obtained was washed with purified water, thrown into one liter of a 10% solution of potassium hydroxide, preliminarily agitated at 20’C for 5 minutes and agitated at 20eC for 60 minutes while slowly adding such an amount of metallic mercury as to correspond to a desired meoury content dropwise through small openings to effect amalgamation. After the end of the amalgamation, the zinc-indium powder so amalgamated was washed with water and then dried at 45°C for 24 hours. In this manner, four kinds of zinc-indium-mercury powder having an 0.1% content of indium with four different mercury contents of 1%, 3%, 5% and 7%, respectively, were obtained by adjusting the mercury amount to be added.
The above procedure was followed except that a 2inc-lead alloy powder containing 0.005% lead was used instead of the zinc powder and metallic mercury was added in such an amount as to attain a 1% content of mercury in the resulting alloy powder, thereby to obtain a zinc-lead-indium-mercury powder having an 0.005% content of lead, 0.1/% content of indium and 1% content of mercury. 414 2 Example 2 0.56 grams of indium and 5 grams of mercury were mixed together to prepare an indium amalgam having a 10% content of indium. Then, the thus prepared indium amalgam was used to amalgamate zinc powder in the same manner as in Example 1 thereby to obtain a zinc-indium-mercury powder having an 0.1% content of indium and a 1% content of mercury. Further, there was also prepared an Indium amalgam having a 50% content of indium, after which the thus prepared indium amalgam was used for amalgamation of zinc powder in the same manner as in Example 1 thereby obtaining a zinc-indium-mercury powder having a 1% content of indium and a 1% content of mercury.
The above procedure was followed except that 0.1 gram of indium and 7.5 grams of mercury were used in the preparation of an indium amalgam having a 1.3% content, of indium and a zinc-lead alloy powder having an 0.05% content of lead was used instead of the zinc powder, thereby to obtain a zinc-lead-indium-mercury powder having an 0.05% content of lead, 0.02% content of indium and 1.5% content of mercury.
Example 3 A metallic indium piece was introduced into molten zinc and the melt was cooled and finely diyided to prepare zinc-Indium alloy powder having an 0.1% content of indium. The thus prepared zinc-indium alloy powder was amalgamated with mercury in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain zinc-indium-mercury powder having an 0.1% content of indium and a 1% content of mercury.
In addition, indium was added to a melted zinc-lead alloy to prepare zinc-lead-indium alloy powder having an 0.1% content of lead and an 0.1% content of indium, after., which the thus prepared alloy powder was amalgamated in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain zinc-lead-indium-mercury powder having 0.1% lead, 0.1% indium and 1% mercury contents.
Example 4 0.56 grams of thallium and 5 grams of mercury were mixed together to prepare a thallium amalgam having a 10% content of thallium. Then, the thus prepared thallium amalgam was used to amalgamate zinc powder in the Same manner as in Example 1 thereby to obtain a zinc-thallium-mercury powder having an 0.1% content of thallium and a 1% content of mercury.
The above procedure was followed except that a zinc-lead alloy powder having a 1% content of lead was used instead of the zinc powder, thereby to obtain a zinc-lead-thallium-mercury powder having· an 1% content of lead, 0.1% content of thallium and 1% content of mercury.
The zinc-indium-mercury powder, zinc-leadindium-mercury powder, zinc-thallium-mercury powder and zinc-lead-.thallium-mercury powder from Exanples 1 to 4 were then each used as the anode active material in a hydrogen gas evolution test. For comparison, conventional zinc-mercury powder samples having mercury contents 1, 3, 5 and 7% were used as the anode active materials, respectively, in the same test as above.
These gas evolution tests were carried out at 4 5°C using 10 grams of each of said anode active materials and as the electrolyte 5 milliliters of a 40 wt.% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, saturated with zinc oxide. The results are as shown in Table 1.
It is seen from Table 1 that each of the anode active materials containing amalgamated indium according to this invention suffices with a remarkably decreased amount of mercury as compared with the conventional anode active material in terms of the hydrogen gas inhibiting effect, EXAMPLE 5 Alkaline-manganese type cells respectively containing the active materials of the foregoing Examples were tested for cell performance. The cell construction used was as follows: (1) Cathode; 90 parts by weight of a commercially available manganese dioxide powder were mixed with 10 parts by weight of graphite and the resulting mixtures were pressure molded. (2) Anode; Each of‘said anode active materials was placed on the cathode mix. A sheet of separator was placed between the two counter-electrodes. The amount of each anode active material so placed was 35 parts by weight. (3) Electrolyte; A 40 wt.% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, saturated with zinc oxide, was used.
The thus prepared test cells were discharged on a 20-ohm load at 20°C, and the duration discharges were measured down to a cut-off voltage of 0.9V. The discharge durations so measured were expressed in terms of an index number with a value of 100 for the conventional active material. The results are as shown in Table 2. 414'=.
It is seen from Table 2 that the test cells containing the anode active material (containing amalgamated indium) according to this invention exhibited improved or at least the same discharge performances as compared with the test cell containing the conventional anode active material in spite of the fact that the anode active material according to this invention contained a remarkably decreased amount of mercury as compared with the conventional anode active material. The relatively small amount of mercury can be seen not significantly to affect the results if a comparison is made between the inventive examples and those in which the anode active material contained the same components, although a greater amount of mercury.
Claims (18)
1. An anode active material which is powder composed of zinc or zinc/lead alloy providing a lead content in the anode active material of from 0.005 to 1% by weight and indium or thallium coexisting with the zinc or zinc/lead alloy and present in an amount from 0.01 to 1.8% by weight of the anode active material, the metals being amalgamated to such an extent that the mercury content of the anode active material is not more than 1.5% by weight.
2. An anode active material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mercury content is not more than 1% by weight.
3. An anode active material as claimed in claim 1,. substantially as described in any one of the foregoing Examples 1 to 3.
4. An anode active material as claimed in claim 1, substantially as described in the foregoing Example 4.
5. A method for the production of an anode active material for alkaline cells, comprising surface contacting zinc powder or zinc-lead alloy powder with indium or thallium to attach indium or thallium thereto and then amalgamating the ithus treated powder to such an extent that the mercury content of the amalgam produced does not exceed 1.5% by weight, the amalgam produced containing from 0.01 to 1.8% by weight of indium or thallium and lead, if a said alloy powder is employed, being present in the anode active material produced in an amount of from 0.005 to 1% by weight.
6. A method for the production of an anode active material for alkaline cells, comprising amalgamating zinc powder or ziric-lead alloy powder with indium amalgam or thallium amalgam to form an amalgam powder, the indium amalgam or thallium amalgam being so constituted and employed in such amount that the anode active material produced contains up to 1.5% by weight of mercury, 0.01 to 1.8% by weight of indium or thallium, and lead, if a said alloy powder is employed, being present in the anode active material produced in an amount of from 0.005 to 1% by weight.
7. A method for the production of an anode active 5 material for alkaline cells, comprising amalgamating alloy powder composed of (a) zinc or zinc and lead and (b) indium or thallium, the alloy powder being so constituted and the amalgamation being so carried out that an amalgam powder is produced which contains up to 10 5% by weight of mercury, 0.01 to 1.8% by weight of indium: or thallium, and lead, if present in said alloy powder, being present in the anode active material produced in an amount of from 0.005 to 1% by weight.
8. A method for the production of an anode active material, wherein the anode active material produced contains up to 1% by weight of mercury.
9. A method as claimed in claim 5, for the production of an anode active material for alkaline cells, substantially as described in any one of the 2Q foregoing Examples 1(a), 1(e), 2 and 3.
10. A method according to claim 6 for the production of an anode active material for alkaline cells, substantially as described in the foregoing Example 4.
11. An alkaline, cell comprising as the anode 25 active material, the anode active material claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3.
12. A method for the production of an alkaline cell, comprising surface contacting a member formed of zinc powder or zinc-lead alloy powder with indium or 30 thallium to attach the indium or thallium thereto and then amalgamating the thus treated powder to obtain a powder of (a) zinc or zinc and lead, (b) indium or thallium and (c) mercury, the powder containing mercury in an amount of not more than 1.5% by weight, indium or 35 thallium in an amount of from 0.01 to 1.8% and lead, if present, in an amount of from 0.005 to 1% by weight, and then using the thus obtained member in an alkaline cell. 4 1 Ί 2
13. A method for the production of an alkaline cell, comprising amalgamating zinc powder or zinc-lead alloy powder with indium amalgam or thallium amalgam to obtain an amalgam powder containing not more than 1.5% by weight of mercury, from 0.01 to 1.8% by weight of indium or thallium and lead, if used, in an amount of from 0.005 to 1% by weight, and then using the thus obtained amalgamated metal powder as the anode active material of an alkaline cell.
14. A method for the production of an alkaline cell, comprising amalgamating a powdered alloy consisting of (a) zinc or zinc and lead and (b) indium or thallium to obtain a powder having a mercury content of not more than 1.5% by weight, an indium or thallium content of from 0.01 to 1.8% by weight and a content of lead, if present, of from 0.005 to 1% by weight, and then using the thus obtained amalgamated metal powder as the anode active material of an alkaline cell.
15. A method as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the amalgamating results, in the anode active material having a mercury content of not more than 1% by weight.
16. A method according to claim 12 for the production of an alkaline cell, substantially as described in any cne of the foregoing Examples 1(a), Ke), 2 and 3 taken in combination with Example 5.
17. A method according to claim 12 for the production of an alkaline cell, substantially as described in the foregoing Exanple 4 taken in combination with Example 5.
18. An alkaline cell whenever produced by the method claimed in any one of Claims 12 to 17·.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57063930A JPS58181266A (en) | 1982-04-19 | 1982-04-19 | Negative active material for battery and its manufacture |
| JP57106686A JPS58225565A (en) | 1982-06-23 | 1982-06-23 | Alkaline battery |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IE830623L IE830623L (en) | 1983-10-19 |
| IE54142B1 true IE54142B1 (en) | 1989-06-21 |
Family
ID=26405064
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IE623/83A IE54142B1 (en) | 1982-04-19 | 1983-03-22 | Anode active material and alkaline cells containing same, and method for the production thereof |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4812374A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3314048A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2525395A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2119404B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE54142B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60243969A (en) * | 1984-05-17 | 1985-12-03 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd | Manufacture of anode active material for battery |
| US4585716A (en) * | 1984-07-09 | 1986-04-29 | Duracell Inc. | Cell corrosion reduction |
| BR8503252A (en) * | 1984-07-09 | 1986-03-25 | Duracell Int | ELECTROCHEMICAL BATTERY, PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AQUEOUS ELECTRICAL CHEMICAL BATTERY, AND COMPOSITION OF MATERIAL FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF AQUEOUS ELECTROCHEMICAL BATTERY WITH REDUCED YEAST |
| CA1267189A (en) * | 1985-06-28 | 1990-03-27 | Jerrold Winger | Alkaline cell employing a zinc electrode with reduced mercury additive |
| DE3902650A1 (en) * | 1989-01-30 | 1990-08-02 | Varta Batterie | GALVANIC PRIME ELEMENT |
| US5122375A (en) * | 1990-07-16 | 1992-06-16 | Cominco Ltd. | Zinc electrode for alkaline batteries |
| JP3215446B2 (en) * | 1991-03-12 | 2001-10-09 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Zinc alkaline battery |
| JP3215447B2 (en) * | 1991-03-12 | 2001-10-09 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Zinc alkaline battery |
| JP3553104B2 (en) | 1992-08-04 | 2004-08-11 | 株式会社エスアイアイ・マイクロパーツ | Alkaline battery |
| US5626988A (en) * | 1994-05-06 | 1997-05-06 | Battery Technologies Inc. | Sealed rechargeable cells containing mercury-free zinc anodes, and a method of manufacture |
| US5721068A (en) * | 1995-07-14 | 1998-02-24 | Rayovac Corporation | Electrochemical cell, gelled anode, and coated current collector therefor |
| WO1998028805A1 (en) | 1996-12-23 | 1998-07-02 | Aer Energy Resources, Inc. | Mercury-free zinc anode for electrochemical cell and method for making same |
| US6521378B2 (en) | 1997-08-01 | 2003-02-18 | Duracell Inc. | Electrode having multi-modal distribution of zinc-based particles |
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| US9105923B2 (en) | 2013-02-13 | 2015-08-11 | Nanophase Technologies Corporation | Zinc anode alkaline electrochemical cells containing bismuth |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US645261A (en) * | 1899-05-02 | 1900-03-13 | Andrew G Vogt | Battery-electrode. |
| DE1086309B (en) * | 1954-12-04 | 1960-08-04 | Martin Hans | Process for the production of a galvanic primary or secondary element |
| US2982806A (en) * | 1956-11-15 | 1961-05-02 | Pertrix Union Ges Mit Beschrae | Electric cell |
| US3623911A (en) * | 1969-03-03 | 1971-11-30 | Leesona Corp | High-rate consumable metal electrodes |
| DE2054094A1 (en) * | 1970-11-03 | 1972-05-04 | Clevite Corp | Electrochemical cell anode - made of amalgamated zinc powder and pulverized potassium hydroxide |
| US3764389A (en) * | 1971-03-22 | 1973-10-09 | C Hsia | Method of producing a zinc alloy powder and an electrode therefrom |
| JPS5274833A (en) * | 1975-12-19 | 1977-06-23 | Seiko Instr & Electronics | Alkaline battery |
| JPS53103127A (en) * | 1977-02-21 | 1978-09-08 | Seiko Instr & Electronics | Alkaline battery |
| JPS56116270A (en) * | 1980-02-18 | 1981-09-11 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Manufacture of pasted zinc cathode |
| JPS584268A (en) * | 1981-06-29 | 1983-01-11 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | Silver oxide secondary cell |
| JPS5826456A (en) * | 1981-08-11 | 1983-02-16 | Toho Aen Kk | Zinc alloy for electrode |
| US4460543A (en) * | 1982-04-10 | 1984-07-17 | Grillo-Werke Ag | Process for preparation of zinc powder for alkaline batteries by amalgamation of zinc powder |
| BE893551A (en) * | 1982-06-17 | 1982-10-18 | Mines Fond Zinc Vieille | Zinc powder for alkaline battery electrodes - contg. additive to reduce amt. of amalgamation required |
| BE894124A (en) * | 1982-08-13 | 1982-12-01 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co | Active anode material for alkaline batteries - consists of zinc-indium powder amalgamated with small amt. of mercury to suppress hydrogen evolution |
-
1983
- 1983-03-22 IE IE623/83A patent/IE54142B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-03-28 US US06/479,509 patent/US4812374A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1983-04-08 GB GB08309639A patent/GB2119404B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-04-15 FR FR8306248A patent/FR2525395A1/en active Pending
- 1983-04-19 DE DE19833314048 patent/DE3314048A1/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IE830623L (en) | 1983-10-19 |
| FR2525395A1 (en) | 1983-10-21 |
| DE3314048A1 (en) | 1983-10-20 |
| GB2119404B (en) | 1985-11-20 |
| GB2119404A (en) | 1983-11-16 |
| US4812374A (en) | 1989-03-14 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM4A | Patent lapsed |