HUT77825A - Process for making of fundations buildings, and framework to fundations - Google Patents

Abstract

A prefabricated frame is placed on the levelled floor of esp. an excavation, is adjusted to a preselected horizontal level, and is then filled with concrete to form a sole plate. The frame is constructed with holders (8) for columns for the building. On laying out the frame, the holders have to stand in holes in the levelled floor. The frame can be adjusted for height at three positions on the border to the preselected height. After the use of the holders, the holes are filled in with concrete as the frame is being cast.

Description

DISCLOSURE

EXAMPLE> 1

A procedure and a frame for building a foundation

FOUNDATION FOR BUILDING

The present invention relates to a method of making a foundation for buildings and to a prefabricated frame for such a foundation.

So far, the foundation of buildings, using both unique and prefabricated building elements technologies, has taken very laborious and time-consuming measurements of the horizontal and vertical after excavation of the excavation to determine that the subfloor is exactly in the horizontal plane at the intended location of the building. it is. Subsequently, the formwork was made along the perimeter of the building's floor plan, and the molding area bordered by it was then poured with concrete to form the base plate.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved process and framework for the foundation of buildings which eliminates the extremely cumbersome measurement operations mentioned above and the subsequent formwork construction work.

82604-5941 A / MJ-Ko

-2 The problem was solved by further improving the procedure described in the introduction. The essence of the process according to the invention is to place a frame, preferably a prefabricated one, on a leveled soil surface, optionally an excavated excavation pit, then align it in a predetermined horizontal plane, and then pour the concrete boundary into concrete.

For carrying out the method according to the invention there is used a frame consisting of a size and design which can be placed on a ground surface or a pit, planed according to the invention, and at least three leveling means arranged at intervals spaced apart from the ground surface.

Thus, in the present invention, first the foundation of the building is started by laying the ground surface, optionally digging a pit corresponding to the basement level of the building. If the cellar level is abandoned, all you have to do is plan the ground, ie level it properly. Subsequently, a prefabricated frame is placed on the ground surface and height adjustment is made at least three places along its perimeter, thereby adjusting the desired horizontal plane. After that, the frame, which is also a formwork, is poured with concrete.

Preferably, the lattice support structure of the frame is provided with downwardly anchoring portions which provide anchorage of the frame to the recesses formed in the soil.

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- 3 Preferably, the lattice support structure is provided with vertically protruding nests which are designed to accommodate building supports.

In a further preferred embodiment, the anchoring sections are designed as downward extensions of the nests.

Preferably, the frame is provided with a drainage extending circumferentially.

The frame according to the invention is optionally provided with a drain.

In a preferred embodiment, the lattice support structure is substantially welded from sheet steel profiles.

Preferably, the lattice support structure of the frame comprises upward and inwardly open L-profiles forming the frame perimeter and hollow profiles serving as spacers and receptacles.

Preferably, the frame is stiffened by tensioning ropes.

In a further preferred embodiment, each adjusting device has a screw spindle which is threadably engaged with the nut secured to the support, but hydraulic or pneumatic adjusting devices may also be used.

Preferably, the frame of the invention has a bottom sealed configuration.

According to the invention, the frame can be anchored to the ground at various locations. This can be done, for example, by anchoring sections downwardly from the frame, which can thus be introduced into openings previously formed in the leveled soil surface and subsequently anchored there.

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-4The prefabricated frame can be provided with a drainage pipe around the perimeter to drain the groundwater, so there is no need for proper drainage around the base, as has been the case with conventional solutions. Where appropriate, the frame may be manufactured at the manufacturing site by including sewage pipes for domestic use.

Preferably, the frame is welded of sheet steel profiles, including the leveling structure, which is a lost structure, so that they can only be used once for the building. However, the additional costs associated with prefabricating the frame are far recouped by the significantly reduced construction time, so that the use of the process and frame of the present invention results in considerable cost savings.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the present invention is exemplified by way of example only. embodiment. In the drawing:

Figure 1 is a side view of a prefabricated frame according to the invention;

Figure 2 is a plan view of the solution of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a relatively larger view of Part III of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in Figure 3, on a relatively larger scale;

Figure 5 is a side elevational view, partly in section, of the leveling of the frame of the invention;

Figure 6 is a plan view of the solution of Figure 5;

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-5a 7-11. Figures 3 to 5 show successive operations of the method according to the invention, namely, setting, adjusting, fixing and casting the frame to the ground;

Figures 12 to 14 show further construction technology operations in perspective view illustrating the placement of vertical building supports and basement walls after completion of the foundation.

The framework for making a building primer according to the invention is illustrated in FIGS

Figure 2 illustrates the whole and Figures 3-6 show it in detail.

The frame according to the invention has a lattice support structure 2 here formed of welded steel sheet profiles, namely L-profiles 4 extending inwards and upwards along the circumference of the frame and hollow profiles 6 drawn for reinforcing the lattice support structure 2. in this case they are formed as rectangular profiles. Of course, other profiles may be used in place of the aforementioned profiles, and may even be uniform, e.g., U-profiles, T-profiles or H-profiles.

Between the ends of the hollow profiles 6 and the L-profiles 4, upwardly opening nests 8 are provided for receiving building supports. Figures 3 and 4 illustrate sockets 8 arranged along the perimeter and welded to the 4 'legs of the L-profiles 4 via V-shaped bent plates 10.

Between the nests 8, in this case, inclined tensioning ropes 12 are provided to reinforce the truss 2. Instead of the tensioning ropes 12

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-6, where appropriate, rectangular or circular supports (e.g., dotted line 13 in FIG. 2) are also used. It should be noted that the tensioning ropes 12 can only be stretched between the corners of the truss 2.

Instead of the metal profiles, the lattice support structure 2 may optionally be made of suitable plastic or wooden profiles or bars. Further, the lattice support structure 2 may be optionally filled with soil from below, especially when the subsoil is sloping or uneven, thereby avoiding unnecessary use of concrete by closing down the lattice support structure 2.

Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view showing details of the design and connection of the nest 8. The stem 4 'of the L-profile 4 is connected directly by welding through the V-curved plate 10 and the right-hand portion via the hollow profile 6. It can also be seen from Figure 4 that the upper edge of the seat 8 is slightly deeper in this case than the upper edge of the stem 4 'of the L-profile 4 and protrudes downward from the frame by the indicated length. In Figures 3 and 4, reference numeral 14 denotes a drainage pipe, i.e. a drainage pipe, which is made of porous material and has a spout at a defined location along the perimeter of the frame, which is used for drainage of groundwater.

The other horizontal leg 4 of the L-profile 4 is slightly higher than the lower edge of the drainage 14 in the arrangement shown in Fig. 4.

Only Figures 1 and 2 illustrate an auxiliary drain 16 which engages the hollow profiles 6 and the tensioning ropes 12 of the frame truss 2.

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At the six corners of the frame in the arrangement of Fig. 2, in the present case, six adjusting devices are arranged between the L-profiles 4 and the hollow profiles 6 which are for leveling purposes, but for the sake of clarity we left.

In the present case, each of the adjusting devices 18 has a pivotable screw spindle 20 which is threadedly connected to the nut 22 welded to the L-profile. The base of the screw spindle 20 is formed as a ball 23 and is surrounded on both sides by a ball-recessed recess 26 of the base plate 21 and a lid 24 which closes the edge of the recess 26 at the location indicated by 25. The lid 24 has a curved arch 28 which secures the ball 23 in its top position and thereby clamps it into the recess 26. Thus, the screw spindle 20 is embedded and consequently its ball 23 cannot move longitudinally.

The screw spindle 20 can be turned by hand (or even mechanically, for example hydraulically) at its upper end 29. The consequence of this rotation is that the screw spindle 20 is pivoted in the nut 22, thereby moving the lattice support 2 upward or downward in the direction of an arrow f. The direction of rotation is indicated by the arrow g. Thus, by adjusting the six screw spindles 20, the support structure 2 of the frame can be precisely adjusted to the required horizontal plane.

Optionally, a hydraulic or pneumatic actuator 18 may be used in place of the threaded screw spindle.

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5 and 6, it can be seen that the legs 4 'and 4 of the L-profiles 4 may optionally be provided with flanges 41 or ribs 42 which increase the stiffness of the L-profiles 4.

Figures 7 to 11 illustrate certain operational steps of the method of the invention, namely lifting, adjusting and anchoring the frame of the invention on a pre-planed soil surface or after excavation of a pit.

First, the prefabricated frame is laid on a planar surface 100 in the direction of the arrow using a crane (not shown). In the soil surface 100, where the anchoring portions 8 'of the nests 8 protrude, the recesses 102 receiving these are pre-formed in the soil.

Fig. 8 shows the leveling operation of the frame truss 2, for which the adjusting devices 18 are used as described above.

The next technological step is shown in Fig. 9, in which the gap between the truss 2 and the ground 100 is filled with gravel 103 or other material in this case, and then the interior bounded by the frame is filled with fresh concrete with the recesses 102. Thus, the frame is securely anchored to the ground.

After the concrete blocks 104 are formed around the anchorage sections 8 ', the upper closure covers 8 of the nests 8 are removed, thereby

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-9 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · as illustrated in Figures 10 and 11.

The building brackets 106, for example, are locked in position when they are set up in the next step and then poured into concrete, denoted by reference numeral 107.

Figure 12 is a perspective view of the finished concrete base plate 101, which is however still in an intermediate state, shown in Figs.

10 illustrates, i.e., in which the closure covers 8 of the nests 8 have been removed, but the building supports 106 have not yet been inserted into the nests 8.

When the building brackets 106 are in place and fixed in position, the ready state a

Figure 11 and Figure 13 are perspective views.

Finally, Fig. 14 illustrates a condition in which basement walls 110 are already installed between the building brackets 106 on the base plate 101.

Claims (12)

-1 '_ · · ··· A method of preparing a foundation for a building, comprising placing a frame on a planed soil surface or, if appropriate, a pit excavated from the soil, aligning it in a predetermined horizontal plane, and then pouring concrete into a space defined by the frame to form a base plate. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame is prefabricated with sockets for receiving building supports. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that, when laying the frame, the downwardly projecting nests are inserted into pre-formed recesses in the planar soil surface, and the height and water leveling of the frame are carried out at least at three points and the recesses receiving the recess kibetonozzuk. Frame for making a foundation for a building, characterized in that it has a size and design that can be placed on a leveled surface or pit, preferably prefabricated support structure (2) and at least three leveling adjustment means (18) spaced from each other on the truss structure (2). designed to provide horizontal alignment with the ground surface (100). Frame according to claim 4, characterized in that the lattice support structure (2) is provided with downwardly anchoring sections (8 ') which are designed to anchor the frame into the recesses (102) formed in the soil. P 95 02954 - 11 Frame according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the truss (2) is provided with recesses (8) for receiving vertical building supports (106). Frame according to claim 6, characterized in that the anchoring portions (8 ') are designed as downward extensions of the nests (8). Frame according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that it is provided with a drainage (14) for the groundwater to circulate circumferentially. Frame according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that it is provided with a drain (16). 10. 4-9. Frame according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the support structure (2) is essentially a welded structure made of sheet steel profiles. 11. From 4-10. Frame according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that its support structure (2) consists of upwardly and inwardly open L-profiles (4) forming the frame periphery and hollow profiles (6) serving as spacers and receptacles. 12. 4 to 11. Frame according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is preferably reinforced with diagonal tensioning ropes (12). 13. 4 to 12. Frame according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each of the adjusting devices (18) has a screw spindle (20) which is threadedly connected to the supporting structure (2) by means of a nut (22). P 95 02954 • ·, Ί. «· • ·« · »« 0 «* ·· ·» · - 12 14. A 4.-13. Frame according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it has a bottom-sealed design. ctí 'f'G ruz / jtí Jte ui ¹