HRP950522A2 - Method and frame used in making a foundation for a building - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a process and a previously produced frame for the construction of building foundations.

Until now, building foundations, both with individual construction methods and with prefab buildings, were done in such a way that after the excavation, prime works were carried out horizontally and vertically, for which many workers were needed and a lot of time was spent. These works were carried out to ensure that the surface of the foundation lies exactly on the planned place in the field at the desired horizontal level. At the end, the formwork is made along the measured circumference, which is filled with concrete, in order to get the bottom plate.

The invention is based on the task, to offer a procedure and a framework for the construction of the foundation of the building, which does not require the complicated surveying and installation of the formwork explained above.

The procedure according to patent claim 1, as well as the framework according to patent claim 4, are used to solve this task.

To perform the foundation of the building according to the invention, the ground surface is first leveled, for example in the opening of the excavation for the basement of the building. If a basement is not desired, only leveling is required, not excavation for the basement. Then, on the surface of the ground, which is roughly dimensioned and larger than necessary, a previously constructed frame is placed and by adjusting the height in at least three different places of its circumference, it is brought to the desired horizontal level. Finally, the frame, which simultaneously serves as formwork, is poured with concrete.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are set forth in the claims. In this case, the further development of the invention, according to which the frame is locally fixed in the ground in different places, is of particular importance. This is mainly done by means of a part that protrudes from the frame and is inserted into a pre-made opening in the leveled surface of the ground and fixed there by pouring with concrete.

The pre-formed frame can have a drainage line for underground water around its perimeter, which does not have to be placed around the foundation, as was necessary with the ring drains that have been common until now. The frame can also be designed in such a way that it has a waste water drain, which is used to drain household water.

The frame, which is mostly welded together from sheet steel profiles, together with the height adjustment device, can only be used once for each building. However, the additional costs associated with the production of the frame are compensated by the saving of working time, so that the process and the frame according to the invention, especially in prefabricated construction, lead to large cost savings.

In the following text, the invention is explained in more detail with the help of schematic drawings of an example of implementation. The drawings show:

Figure 1 side view and

Fig. 2 is a drawing of a previously constructed frame according to the invention;

Figure 3 detail code III in Figure 2 i

Figure 4 shows a partial section along line IV-IV in Figure 3, on a larger scale;

Figure 5 partially cut side view i

Fig. 6 is a partial drawing of one of several devices for adjusting the height of the frame according to the invention to a predetermined horizontal

level,

Figures 7 to 11 the steps of the procedure that follow one after the other when placing the frame on the ground surface, when adjusting, fixing and pouring with concrete and

Figures 12 through 14 further construction steps to complete the foundation, including inserting the building's vertical supports and pulling in the basement walls.

The framework for the construction of the foundation of the building is described in full in Figures 1 and 2, and in detail in Figures 3 to 6.

The frame has a lattice support 2 made of steel sheet profiles that are welded to each other, namely L-profiles 4 that surround the perimeter of the frame and are open inward and upward, and hollow profiles 6 are inserted into the lattice support for stiffening, which are on in the example shown, they are shaped as quadrangular tubes. It goes without saying that differently shaped common profiles can be used and instead of two types of profiles only one type, eg U-, T- or H-profiles.

Between the ends of the square pipes 6 and the L-profile 4, or of further quadrangular pipes 6, an upwardly open sleeve 8 is placed for receiving the building's support. According to Figures 3 and 4, sleeves 8, placed near the perimeter of the frame over sheets 10 in the shape of the letter V, are welded to the vertical arms 4' of the L-profile.

Tension ropes 12 are tensioned diagonally between individual pulleys 8 for stiffening the lattice support 2. Instead of such tension ropes 12, which can only be tensioned between the four main corners of the lattice support, supports or beams, as indicated by 13 in Figure 2.

The lattice support can be constructed from plastic material or wood instead of metal profiles. It can be supplemented with one bottom, especially if the bottom layer of the soil is uneven/inclined, in order to avoid unnecessary consumption of concrete by closing the lattice support 2 downwards.

From the sectional view according to Fig. 4 along the vertical cross-sectional plane IV-IV in Fig. 3, we can see the attachment of the sleeve 8 on the right to the arm 4' of the L-profile over the sheet 10 which is bent in the shape of the letter V and on the right to the square tube 6 directly by welding. In Figure 4, it can also be seen that the upper edge of the sleeve 8 is placed slightly lower than the upper edge of the vertical arm 4' of the L-profile and protrudes downwards from the frame for a considerable length 1. At the same time, in Figures 3 and 4, a drainage line made of porous material is marked with the number 14, with a drain not shown at a certain point of the profile, which is used to drain underground water. The lower, horizontal arm of the 4'' L-profile is laid, according to Figure 4, slightly higher than the lower edge of the drainage line.

Only in pictures 1 and 2 is drawn an additional waste water drain, which was previously mounted on the frame by connecting it to the square pipes 6 and the tension rope 12 of the lattice support 2.

At the six corners of the frame in Figure 2, there are rectangular tubes 6 between which extend between the L-profiles 4 and parallel to them, a total of 6 devices for adjusting the height 18, which are shown individually in Figures 5 and 6, but in Figures 3 and 4 they are not drawn for clarity.

Each height adjustment device 18 has a rotating threaded spindle 20, which is screwed into a nut 22, welded to the L-profile 4. The base of the spindle 20 is shaped like a ball and is held between the spherical recess 26 of the sheet metal plate of the base 21 and the coupling 24 which is connected to the edge of the recess 25, which coupling passes the spindle 20 upwards through the opening 27 and with the upwardly rounded collar 28 holds the ball 23 in the recess 26, thereby preventing the spindle 20 from axial movement.

The spindle 20 can be rotated using a hand tool or, for example, a hydraulic tool, code 29. As a result of the rotation of the nut 22, the nut 22, and thus the lattice support at the relevant adjustment points, moves up or down in the direction of the arrow f, but in the direction of rotation g of the spindle. By adjusting a total of six spindles 20, the frame can thus be adjusted to the desired horizontal plane.

Instead of threaded spindles, height adjustment devices that operate purely hydraulically or pneumatically can be used.

In pictures 5 and 6 it can also be seen that the crossbars 4', 4'' of the L-profile can have crossbars 41 or ribs 42 for stiffening.

With the help of figures 7 to 11, only the steps of the procedure for placing, adjusting and fixing the described frame on a previously leveled ground surface, for example an excavation and the bottom layer of the ground, are explained.

First, the frame is lowered using a crane (not shown) in the direction of arrow a in Figure 7 onto the leveled ground surface 100, whereby in the ground surface 100 in all those places where the elements 8' for fixing the bushings 8 protrude downward from the frame, fairly large holes drilled in the ground 102.

In the step according to Figure 8, the lattice support 2 of the frame is centered on the previously determined horizontal level by means of the height adjustment device 18.

In the next step, according to Figure 9, the space between the lattice support 2 and the ground surface 100 is completely filled with gravel 103 or similar material, after which the interior of the frame together with the holes 102 is poured with concrete. In this way, the frame is securely attached to the lower layer of soil.

After hardening of the "concrete drops" 104 that are formed around the fastening elements 8', the closing caps 8'' are removed from the upper openings of the sleeves 8, so that the building supports 106, according to Figure 10, can be inserted from above into the sleeve cavities.

Building supports 106 are secured in the next step according to Figure 11 by being wedged and filled with concrete at 107.

The perspective view of the finished poured base plate 101 according to Figure 12 shows an intermediate state between the steps of the process according to Figures 9 and 10, where the closing caps 8'' have been removed from the sleeves 8, but the building supports 106 have not yet been introduced into the sleeves 8.

The state with introduced and secured building supports according to the step of the procedure according to Figure 11, is shown in perspective in Figure 13.

Figure 14 shows the condition where the basement walls 110 on the foundation slab are tucked between the building supports 106

Claims (14)

1. The procedure for the construction of the foundation of the building, whereby the previously made frame is placed on the leveled surface of the ground, especially on the excavation in the lower layer of the soil; adjust it to the previously determined horizontal level and finally fill it with concrete, in order to get the bottom plate. 2. The method according to claim 1, indicated by the fact that the frame is made together with sleeves for receiving the building's support. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that when placing the frame, the bushings are turned downwards and are inserted into the holes in the leveled surface of the ground, that the frame is placed at a previously determined horizontal level by adjusting the height in at least three places of its circumference, and that the holes after the introduction of the rings, they pour concrete together with the pouring of the frame. 4. The frame for the construction of the foundation of the building, which is dimensioned to be placed on the leveled surface of the ground (100), especially the excavation opening and has a pre-made lattice support (2), as well as at least three devices for adjusting the height (18) for leveling the frame in horizontal plane to the ground surface (100). 5. The frame according to claim 4, characterized in that the fastening elements (8') projecting downwards from the frame (2) are intended for fixing the frame in the holes (102) in the lower soil layer. 6. A frame according to claims 4 or 5, indicated by the fact that sleeves (8) are provided for receiving the building support (106), which protrude vertically from the lattice support (2). 7. The frame according to claim 6, characterized in that the fastening elements (8') are formed from the extensions of the sleeves (8) downwards. 8. A frame according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that it has a drainage line (14) for underground water surrounding its circumference. 9. A frame according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that it has a drain for waste water (16). 10. The frame according to one of the claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the lattice support (2) is a welded construction that mainly consists of a steel profile. 11. The frame according to one of claims 4 to 10, characterized in that the lattice support that forms the perimeter of the frame has upward and inwardly open L-profiles (4), as well as hollow profiles (6) that serve as spacers for the receiving elements. 12. A frame according to one of claims 4 to 11, characterized in that it is stiffened with a tension rope (12). 13. A frame according to one of claims 4 to 12, characterized in that the height adjustment devices (18) include lifting spindles, which are screwed into nuts (22) attached to the lattice support (2). 14. A frame according to one of claims 4 to 13, characterized in that the bottom is closed downwards.