HU217735B - Method and optical device for improving or modifying chromatopsy as well as method for producing said optical device - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and an optical device for improving or altering color vision, wherein a spectral filter (?) Permeability characteristic is obtained, which is the maximum of the spectral sensitivity of the human eye in the wavelength range around the wavelength range of the proto-, deutero-estritic receptors of the human eye to be modified * (?), D * (?). ), The wavelength difference between the wavelengths corresponding to the maximum of the spectral sensitivity functions of the human receptors of the human eye having normal or desired color vision P (?), D (?), T (?). The invention further relates to a method for producing a color-changing vaginal optic device. The optical device can be implemented as a spectacle, contact or intraocular lens, or a filter plate disposed between the eye and the object to be viewed. ŕ

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The present invention relates to a method and an optical device for improving or changing color vision, and to a method for producing an optical device.

PREVIOUS TECHNOLOGY

The human eye can detect electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of approximately 380 nm to 780 nm in visible light. The luminous efficacy of vision is determined by the so-called visibility function as a function of wavelength. In the human eye, three color-sensing receptors (pigments) provide color vision. These are red-sensitive protos, green-sensitive deuteros, and violet-sensitive tritos. The sensation of yellow is triggered by the combined stimulation of the protos and deuteros, the stimulation of the tritos and the deuteros produces the feeling of turquoise, and the stimulation of the tritos and the protos triggers the sensation of purple. Other transient hues are created by the combined stimulation of the three receptors at different intensities.

The spectral sensitivity function of protos, deuteros, and tritos is known to the normal (average) visually impaired person. Figure 1 shows the visibility function of the normal human eye ν (λ) and the sensitivity functions protos Ρ (λ), deuteros D (X) and tritos Τ (λ) corresponding to normal human color vision.

The spectral sensitivity of opposing receptors can be determined by individual measurements (W. Marks, W. H. Dobbelle, E. F. Mac Nichol, Visual Pigments of Single Primate Cones, Science, Vol. 143, March 1964). Rushton performed microspectrophotometric measurements on live human and monkey eyes (Rushton: Visual Pigments and Color Blindness, Scientif. American, March 1975). In this method, a thin, monochromatic light beam is transmitted through the pupil of the eye to be measured, which does not exceed the size of each receptor (protos, deuteros, tritos) upon arrival at the retina. The intensity of the light beam is continuously measured before admission and after reflection from the receptor. The difference between the two corresponds to the intensity of light absorbed by a given receptor, which is characteristic of the sensitivity of the receptor at a given wavelength. By varying the wavelength of the meter light beam, the spectral sensitivity function of the given receptor can be determined (Leo M. Hurvich, Color Vision, Sinauer Associates Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA, 1981, pages 121-122).

Alternatively, the spectral sensitivity functions of the receptors can be determined mathematically from the results of color mixing measurements (Dr. Klára Wenzel and Dr. Gábor Szász: Numerical Method for the Determination of Simultaneous Functions by Indirect Measurement, Fine Mechanical Microtechnique, 1985, grade 24, 8- 9, pages 250-252). The results of this calculation are in good agreement with the results of the aforementioned microspectrophotometric measurements.

It is known that people's color vision is not exactly the same. In the current state of medicine, there are so-called color blinds who see only two instead of the three basic colors. If the protos are missing, the color blind is called protanop, if the deuteros are missing, deuteranop, if the tritos are missing, tritanop. In addition, there are anomalous color visionists, commonly known as colorblinds, who have all three receptors but perceive colors differently than normal humans. The most common form of anomalous color vision is red-green color loss. Red-green colorblinds do not recognize pseudo-isochromatic charts (commonly known as "polka dots") used to test color vision, and cannot distinguish between red, yellow, and green traffic signs. The various types of anomalous color vision are described by Leo M. Hurvich in his above-mentioned Color Vision, pp. 222-269. pages.

Anomalous color vision is a hereditary trait and does not change during life, except for color blindness due to certain diseases and temporary effects caused by some toxic substances, such as alcohol. Approximately 2.1% of the total population is color blind (protanopia about 1%, deuteranopia about 1.1%, tritanopia about 0.01%). An additional about 6.3% of the population have anomalous color vision (for example, protanomalia 1%, deuteranomalia about 5.3%, tritanomaly about 0.01%). Thus, about 8.4% of the population does not see colors properly (New results in ophthalmology, National Institute of Ophthalmology, Budapest, 1971). The above data refer to the male population of the Caucasian (European) population, while studies of other ethnic groups and women show lower values.

Color blinds and colorblinds are generally not licensed, cannot be printers, craftsmen, electricians, or work in the textile, cosmetics, ceramics, etc. There are over a hundred professions that career counselors do not recommend for colorblind.

Attempts have already been made to correct color vision defects by using color filters placed in front of the eye. The solutions disclosed in U.S. Patents 3,586,423, U.S. Pat. No. 3,701,590 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,300,819, which use a colored lens on one eye and a transparent lens on the other, provide some rough color discrimination to color blinds, but do not provide color enhancement to color blinders.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,877,797 has proposed an optical filter combination that improves color resolution, which filters light to the eye in two bands around 490 nm and 580 nm.

International Application WO 90/05321 proposes a color filter having a lower transmittance in the wavelength range below 450 nm and higher in the wavelength range above 450 nm. The color filter is practically a yellow filter. The increase in transmission characteristic at 450 nm should be as steep as possible. This color filter is not suitable for correcting color misalignment; in fact, it impairs normal color perception to improve visual acuity and contrast sensitivity.

HU 217 735 Β

U.S. Pat. No. 5,218,386 discloses color sensing glasses having a first color filter which passes through the wavelength ranges of red, green and blue on the left eye, and a second color filter which passes through the wavelength range complementary to the first color filter in the right eye. In this way, the two eyes see the same image in different colors and the image integrated in the brain gives a more vivid sense of color. The suggested eyeglasses can be used to detect counterfeits and to test artwork, but they are not suitable for correcting fading.

In U.S. Patent No. 3,731,993, a color filter has been proposed to correct for color misalignment, which has mosaic-like color filter elements arranged side by side corresponding to the three basic colors (red, green, blue). The spectral transmittance of each color filter element corresponding to each base color is inversely proportional to the corresponding color sensitivity of the individual with anomalous color vision.

DE-OS 1 958 480 discloses an apparatus and a method for correcting deflection. The color deviation is determined by measuring the degree of saturation of the red, green and blue colors at the point of perception of the eye under test. For correction, a color filter is proposed that attenuates the transmitted light in at least one of the wavelength ranges of red, green, and blue to compensate for the difference in the number of color sensing receptors in the normal eye. For example, if too few red-responsive receptors are transmitted, the transmitted light should be attenuated within the wavelength range of green and blue colors, and if too many green-sensitive receptors should be attenuated within the wavelength range of green. This solution is based on the assumption that the color deviation is caused by an abnormal number of red, green, and blue color sensing receptors, and can be compensated for by changes in luminous intensity over the appropriate wavelength ranges. However, this assumption has not been proved by practice, and the proposed solution is not suitable for correcting color misalignment.

The above solutions, by attenuating the light intensity in each region of the spectrum by filtration, have only the effect of reducing the amplitude of the spectral sensitivity function of some color sensing receptors. However, experience has shown that this is not suitable for correcting color misalignment.

Priority Patent HU 208 453, filed August 9, 1988, published July 28, 1995, discloses a method and color filtering device for improving or modifying color vision in the present invention. The proposed solution is based on the recognition that the sensitivity functions of eye receptors in colorblinds can be shifted independently and in both directions along the wavelength relative to the corresponding sensitivity functions of the normal eye, and therefore the shape of the sensitivity functions in the given eye the spectral sensitivity function of protos, deuteros and tritos receptors must be determined separately in order to improve color vision. According to HU 208 453, a color filtering device is used to determine the spectral sensitivity functions of the ocular eye to be corrected to compensate for the shift of the spectral sensitivity functions over the normal wavelength.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is a further development of the invention disclosed in HU 208 453.

In one aspect, the invention relates to a method of improving or altering the color vision of a subject by modifying the color vision of a given eye of a subject by applying a color filter. According to the invention, the wavelengths of the spectral sensitivity functions of the protocols, the deuteros and the tritoseceptors of the color sensor to be modified are determined, A color filter with a transmission characteristic is used to divide the spectrum of the incident light into wavelengths corresponding to the wavelength difference determined for the protos, deuteros and tritos receptors in the three wavelength ranges around the maximum of the spectral sensitivity functions of the protos, deuteros and tritos receptors of the eye.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, the color filter is selected by selecting from at least one of a plurality of glass lens or contact lens lenses containing at least one of said three wavelength ranges from a lens or contact lens set having color wavelength spectral shifts.

The invention further provides an optical device for improving or altering the color vision of the human eye comprising an color filter having a spectral transmission characteristic which shifts the wavelength spectrum of the light passing through it within three wavelength ranges around the maximum sensitivity functions of the proto, deuteros and tritoseceptors of the human eye. which offset corresponds to the difference between the wavelengths of the maximum spectral sensitivity functions of the normal or desired color eye and the defined wavelengths of the spectral sensitivity functions of the corresponding receptors of the eye to be modified.

The invention further provides a method of providing an optical device for improving or altering the color vision of the human eye, comprising providing an optical body comprising a color filter. According to the invention, the spectral transmission characteristic of the color filter is selected by determining the spectral sensitivity functions of the protos, deuteros and tritoseceptors of the color-changing eye,

EN 217 735 Β or the three-quotient function of the protozoal, deuteric and tritos spectral sensitivity functions of the desired ocular human eye and the corresponding spectral sensitivity functions of the corresponding ophthalmic ophthalmic ophthalmic receptor, and spectral transmission characteristics in each of the three wavelength ranges around the maximum of its functions is proportional to the quotient function of the corresponding receptors.

The optical device may also be manufactured according to the present invention by determining the wavelength values of the maximum spectral sensitivity functions of the proto, deuteros and tritoseceptors of the eye to be modified, mapping the spectral sensitivity and the spectral sensitivity functions of the normal or desired three functions of shifting the maximum of these functions to the wavelength corresponding to the specified sensitivity maximum for the respective receptors of the colorant to be modified, and the spectral transmission characteristic of the human proportionally.

The advantage of the present invention is that the color loss is relatively simple - it can be corrected, if desired, by pre-fabricated devices, and the color vision can be altered as desired, which devices are well known in optics and are well adapted to ophthalmic practice.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will now be described with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a graph showing the visibility function of the normal human eye and the spectral sensitivity functions of opposite color sensing receptors,

Fig. 2 is a graph depicting normalized spectral sensitivity functions of color sensing receptors in normal human eyes,

Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating the normal spectral sensitivity functions of the color sensing receptors of the normal human eye and a human eye with color vision anomaly,

Figure 4 is a graph showing the spectral transmission characteristic of a color filter for improving the color vision of the eye having the anomaly of Figure 3,

Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating the wavelength shift of a set of lenses with color filters constructed in accordance with the present invention;

6-8. Figures 3A and 4B are diagrams showing the spectral transmission characteristics of the color filters of the present invention for use in further cases of anomalous color vision;

Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating the normal spectral sensitivity functions of the color sensing receptors of a normal human eye and another exemplary human eye,

Figure 10 is a graph showing the spectral transmission characteristic of a color filter for improving the color vision of the eye having the anomaly of Figure 9;

11-14. Figs. 4A are schematic sectional views showing various embodiments of an optical device according to the invention in the form of spectacle lenses;

Fig. 15 is a schematic sectional view showing an embodiment of an optical device according to the invention in the form of a contact lens,

Fig. 16 is a schematic sectional view showing an embodiment of an optical device according to the invention in the form of an intraocular lens, and

Fig. 17 is a schematic side elevational view showing an embodiment of an optical device according to the invention in the form of a screen filter plate for a color television.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In the drawings, like reference numerals are used to identify like or identical features.

Figure 1 shows the V (X) visibility function showing the spectral luminous efficiency of the normal human eye and the spectral sensitivity functions Ρ (λ), D (X), Τ (λ) of normal human ophthalmic light receptors. spectral sensitivity S (z) in% and wavelength in nm on the horizontal axis. The visibility function V (X) is the result of the sensitivity functions Ρ (λ), D (k) and Τ (λ). It can be seen that the sensitivity function of protos Ρ (λ) is approximately 565 nm, that of deuteros D (Á) is approximately 530 nm, and that of tritos Τ (λ) is approximately 448 nm.

Figure 2 shows normalized spectral sensitivity functions Ρ (λ), ϋ (λ), Τ (λ) of normal human opposed light sensing receptors, where the vertical axis shows the% relative spectral sensitivity (S), the horizontal axis and the wavelength λ is in nm. Figures 3 and 9 also show normalized spectral sensitivity functions. The intersection of the normalized Τ (λ) and D (X) sensitivity functions is at about 480 nm, and the normalized D (X) and Ρ (λ) sensitivity function is at about 550 nm. The shapes of the maximum and intersection, and to some extent the sensitivity functions, may differ from one ethnic group to another.

The most common cause of anomalous color vision is that the sensitivity functions of the opposite receptors Ρ * (λ), ϋ * (λ), Τ * (λ) differ from the corresponding receptors in the normal eye Ρ (λ), ϋ (λ), Τ (λ ) sensitivity functions. In persons with anomalous color vision, the sensitivity functions of each receptor can be shifted independently of each other along the wavelength axis relative to normal. There may also be a difference in the shape of the sensitivity functions, for example, the edge of the function4

EN 217 735 Β smaller or narrower than the corresponding functions in the normal eye. Wavelength shift and misalignment can also occur together.

The procedure for correcting for color loss or for changing color vision according to patent HU 208 453 is as follows.

First, spectral sensitivity functions Ρ * (λ), ϋ * (λ), Τ * (λ) of the examined eye are determined, for example by known microspectrophotometric measurement. The color vision of the subject eye is then modified using a color filter, i.e., the corresponding sensitivity functions Ρ * (λ), Ο * (λ), Τ * (λ) are corrected so that the color perception of the subject eye corresponds to the normal or desired color vision. spectral sensitivity functions of the human eye Ρ (λ), ϋ (λ), Τ (λ).

The spectral transmission characteristic τ (λ) of the color filter required for this can be determined from the following equations:

Ρ (λ) = Ρ * (λ) · τ _Ρ (λ) (1)

Ο (λ) = ϋ * (λ) · τ _ο (λ) (2)

Τ (λ) = Τ * (λ) · τ _γ (λ) (3) where Ρ (λ), D (X) and Τ (λ) are normalized protozoal, deuterated and tritosensitivity of the normal or desired color eye .

Ρ * (λ), ϋ * (λ), and Τ * (λ) are the normalized sensitivities of the protos, deuteros, and tritos of the eye to be modified, and τ _Ρ (λ), τ ₀ (λ), τ _τ (λ) are the protos , spectral transmission characteristics of color filters required for correction of deuteros and tritosensitivity.

From the relationships (1) to (3), the following characteristic values for the permeability characteristics τ _Ρ (λ,), τ ₀ (λ) and τ _γ (λ)

There are dos functions: ^{PW P} Ρ * (λ) (4) nv ^{0 (λ)} ϋ * (λ) (5) ^{Τ (λ)} Τ * (λ) (6)

The throughput characteristic of a single color filter, which corrects for receptor defects together, can be determined from the throughput characteristics τ _Ρ (λ), τ _ο (λ) and τ _Τ (λ) of equations (4) - (6). In the determination of the transmission characteristic τ (λ), the normal human eye is

The normalized sensitivity functions of Ρ (λ), ϋ (λ), Τ (λ) in Fig. 2 can be based on the fact that the transmission characteristic of τ (λ) in the first wavelength range around the maximum of the sensitivity function Ρ (λ) is essentially τ _Ρ ( λ) with a transmission characteristic, essentially with a transmission characteristic τ ₀ (λ) in the second wavelength range around the maximum of the sensitivity function ϋ (λ), and essentially a ratio of τ _τ (λ) in the third wavelength range around the maximum of the sensitivity function Τ (λ). The proportionality factor shall be determined taking into account that the value of the transmission characteristic τ (λ) of the passive color filter shall be less than 1 throughout the wavelength range.

The limits of the three wavelength ranges can be selected from the intersections of the normalized sensitivity functions Ρ (λ), ϋ (λ,), Τ (λ) corresponding to normal human vision. Thus, the first wavelength range is from the first wavelength corresponding to the intersection of the Ρ (λ) and ϋ (λ) sensitivity functions, that is, 550 nm to 780 nm, the second wavelength range from the second wavelength corresponding to the intersection of the sensitivity functions ϋ (λ) and Τ (λ), It ranges from 480 nm to the first wavelength and the third wavelength range from 380 nm to the second wavelength.

The limits of the wavelength ranges can also be selected based on the maxima of the normalized sensitivity functions Ρ (λ), D (k), Τ (λ) so that they are at the midpoints of the wavelengths belonging to the maxima. Thus, said first and second wavelength values are 548 nm and 489 nm, respectively. In practice, for the first and second wavelengths, it is desirable to have a value in the range of 550 ± 30 nm and 480 ± 20 nm, respectively.

The resulting three-phase function is usually discontinuous and may be interrupted at the wavelength range. The throughput characteristic τ (λ) of a three-phase function can be derived in several ways. One method is to apply, to the extent technically feasible, a continuous and break-free approximation function to the three phases, so that the continuous function moves from the given phase to the adjacent phase as quickly as possible. Alternatively, the approximation function is obtained by eliminating the breaks by multiplying the function values of each section by constants. This can be done, for example, by dividing the larger function value at the breakpoints by the smaller function value and then multiplying each function value of the smaller function value by the constant obtained. In the resulting continuous function, possible fractures at the boundaries of the wavelength ranges are rounded during practical implementation. In a further method, by multiplying the function values of each section by constants, the constants are selected by reducing the reduction in luminous intensity caused by the color filter in each wavelength range beyond the compensation of the eye. In this case, a continuous and break-free approximation function is fitted to the three-stage function obtained after multiplying by constants.

The continuous function obtained as above is normalized so that the color filter has as little opacity as possible. For optimal normalization to 100%, divide by the maximum value of the continuous function within the visible light wavelength range (380-780 nm) and multiply by 100 each function value. Normalization to at least 90% is recommended. After normalization, the pass-through characteristic τ (λ) of the passive color filter is obtained.

HU 217 735 Β

The reduction in light caused by the color filter with the transmittance τ (λ) is compensated by the adaptive capacity of the eye within a fairly wide range of receptors. Because of the resulting increased sensitivity of the eye, it is desirable to provide the optical device of the present invention with a layer known per se to protect the eye from UV radiation.

In Figure 3, the sensitivity functions of the szín (λ), ϋ (λ), Τ (λ) color sensing receptors in normal human eyes and the corresponding receptors Ρ * (λ), Ό * (λ), Τ * (λ) of an eye with anomalous color vision ) are shown. The sensitivity function Ρ * (λ) is shifted in the direction of larger wavelengths relative to the sensitivity function Ρ (λ), and its shape differs from the shape of the sensitivity function Ρ (λ). The sensitivity function D * (k) is shifted in the direction of smaller wavelengths relative to the sensitivity function D (k), and its shape is practically the same as the sensitivity function ϋ (λ). The sensitivity function Τ * (λ) is shifted towards higher wavelengths relative to the sensitivity function Τ (λ) and its shape is slightly different from that of the sensitivity function Τ (λ). The magnitude of the shift is: Δλ _Ρ = 17.5 nm, Δλ ₀ = -4 nm, Δλ _τ = 17.5 nm.

Figure 4 shows the spectral transmission characteristic τ (λ) of the color filter correcting the color vision anomaly of Figure 3 as a function of wavelength λ. It can be seen that the characteristic decreases monotonically in the wavelength range around the maximum of the sensitivity function Τ (λ), increases monotonically in the wavelength range around the maximum of the sensitivity function D (k) and decreases monotonically in the wavelength range around the maximal sensitivity function Ρ (λ). The color filter of anomalous color vision eye color sensing may, where, as illustrated in Figure 3. Τ * (λ) sensitivity function _Δλ τ wavelength value to the left, D * (k) sensitivity curve _Δλ ο wavelength value to the right, Ρ * (λ) sensitivity curves and λ _Ρ wavelength would also be shifted to the left. The transmission characteristic τ (λ) at the boundary of the wavelength ranges is rounded for practical feasibility.

In the case where the spectral sensitivity functions of the examined eye are Ρ * (λ), D * (λ), Τ * (λ), they are practically the same as the spectral Ρ (λ), D (k), Τ ( λ) Sensitivity functions, only one or two of them, or all three of them are shifted individually to higher or lower wavelengths relative to the corresponding normal sensitivity function, we can apply a color filter whose light incident to the eye is normal lát (λ), D (/.), Τ (λ), in the three wavelength ranges around the maximum of each of the wavelength ranges, the monotonically increasing or the monotonically decreasing or larger wavelength shift is practically non-constant has a spectral transmission characteristic τ (λ). Thus, the monotonically increasing transmittance τ (λ) shifts the sensitivity curve virtually towards the larger wavelengths and the monotone decreasing towards the smaller wavelengths. In such a case, in order to determine the transmission characteristic of τ (λ) in the said wavelength ranges, it is sufficient according to the invention to determine the maximum wavelength shift of the sensitivity functions Ρ * (λ), ϋ * (λ), Τ * (λ).

The spectral transmission characteristics τ (λ) providing the aforementioned wavelength offsets can be determined in accordance with the present invention by constructing spectral sensitivity functions for the normal or desired human eye, Ρ (λ), D (k), Τ (λ) and three functions of the functions obtained by shifting the maximum of the functions to the wavelength value corresponding to the specific sensitivity maximum of the respective receptors of the eye to be modified, and the spectral transmission characteristic τ (λ) in each of said three wavelength ranges is essentially proportional to the respective receptors.

Our investigations have shown that most of the eyes with anomalous color vision have only the aforementioned wavelength shifts, and most often only the sensitivity function Ρ * (λ) and / or D * (k). For the correction of such anomalous color vision, the present invention also utilizes a prefabricated lens or contact lens kit, similar to a conventional dioptric lens kit. The set composed of the Figure 5 form illustrated in two dimensional population, and are provided with color filters, a wavelength range of said region of the maximum of the normal Ρ (λ) and D (k) sensitivity functions of the light passing through the wavelength are saved, Figure 5 is shown the coordinates Δλ _Ρ , or Δλ ₀ , respectively. Preferably, the discrete values of Δλ _Ρ and Δλ ₀ shift in steps of, for example, 5 nm. If we also want to consider the shift in the sensitivity function of the tritos Τ * (λ), which is usually of less importance in anomalous color vision, we must choose from a three-dimensional population.

As shown in Figure 5, the Δλ ₀ offset on the horizontal axis and the Δλ _Ρ offset on the vertical axis can be 0, + 7.5, + 12.5, ± 17.5, + 22.5 nm. For example, if the D * (k) sensitivity function is shifted by 6 nm for larger wavelengths and the Ρ * (λ) sensitivity function is shifted by 12 nm for smaller wavelengths, for correction, the member of the set marked with an asterisk in Figure 5 is selected. This gives the light passing through the color filter a shift of 7.5 nm towards the higher wavelengths in the wavelength range of the deuteros sensitivity, and a shift of 12.5 nm in the wavelength range of the protos sensitivity to the smaller wavelengths, which in practice provides sufficient correction for color misalignment.

The optical device for improving or modifying the color vision according to the invention can be implemented in many ways. Preferably, a color filter having a desired transmittance τ (λ) can be made by a known interference filter consisting of an optical thin-film system. Interference filters to

EN 217 735 Β You can make almost any color filter with a transmission characteristic τ (λ). In this technology, a plurality of layers of various thicknesses in the order of pm are applied, for example, by vacuum evaporation on glass or plastic substrates. The thickness and material of the layers can be designed using commercially available computer programs. For the design, it is sufficient to specify the throughput characteristic τ (λ) of the color filter to be realized as input data.

Optionally, the color filter may be made of colored glass or plastic having a suitable permeability characteristic, or a combination of such colored glass or plastic layers. The spectral transmission characteristics of many types of colored glass are known in the literature and glass catalogs (for example, Van Fanderlik, Optical Properties of Glass, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1983, pp. 154-155).

The color filter according to the invention may also be formed by a glass or plastic substrate having one or more layers of paint having a suitable permeability characteristic on its surface. In the optical industry, an aqueous or alcoholic solution of various spectral-transmissive aniline dyes can be applied to a lens surface using standard spectral staining techniques. The proper permeability characteristic τ (λ) can be obtained by mixing various dyes in a subtractive way, that is, by selecting the material composition and thickness of the applied dye layers. The paint can be preserved by applying a thin protective layer of SiO ₂ .

The color filter of the optical device of the present invention may also be implemented by a combination of the techniques listed above. For example, it may be desirable to achieve the desired permeability characteristic using colored glass and a set of dyes applied thereto. The interference filter may also be combined with colored glass if the optical thin-film system is applied to a colored substrate.

The following are some examples of a color filter used in the optical device of the present invention.

Example 1

Examining the eyes of a given subject, we found that the sensitivity function of the protos and deuteros is shifted to larger wavelengths at 17.5-17.5 nm, while its tritoseceptors are sensitive to normal eyes. That is, Δλ _Ρ = 17.5 nm, Δλ _ο = 17.5 nm, and Δλ _Τ = 0. The protos correction would require a color filter with a transmission characteristic τ _Ρ (λ), while a deuteros correction would require a color filter with a transmission characteristic τ _ο (λ). No correction is required for the tritos, which corresponds to a horizontal pass characteristic. The throughput characteristics of τ _Ρ (λ) and τ _ο (λ) are obtained from (4) and (5), respectively. The throughput characteristic τ (λ) of the color filter to be implemented, which is a

Figure 6 is a dashed line to obtain the transmission characteristics τ _Ρ (λ), τ ₀ (λ), and τ _Τ (λ) in the wavelengths 550-780 nm, 480-550 nm, and 380-480 nm, respectively. , and these characteristic sections are multiplied by constants to make them continuous. Using a thin-film technique, the color filter is of op-

This can be achieved by applying, for example, steaming layers. The following twelve thin layers are applied, for example, on a glass substrate, in order to realize the permeability characteristic τ (λ) shown. Layer 1 0.12 µm MgF ₂ Layer 2 0.75 µm SiO ₂ Layer 3 0.25 µm ZrO ₂ Layer 4 0.25 µm SiO ₂ Layer 5 0.25 µm ZrO ₂ Layer 6 0.25 µm SiO ₂ Layer 7 0.25 µm ZrO ₂ Layer 8 0.25 µm SiO ₂ Layer 9 0.25 µm ZrO ₂ Layer 10 0.25 µm SiO ₂ Layer 11 0.30 µm ZrO ₂ Layer 12 0.15 µm SiO ₂ As a thirteenth layer, we apply a UV barrier known per se. For example, we use + 2D spectacle lenses if the person is given eyes Wears + 2D glasses. If anyway

do not wear glasses, apply the above layers to OD lenses.

Example 2

The protozoal and deuterosensitivity functions of the subject's eyes are shifted towards smaller wavelengths at 27.5 nm and 17.5 nm, respectively, while their tritoseceptors are sensitive to normal eyes. That is, Δλ _Ρ = -27.5 nm, Δλ ₀ = -17.5 nm, and Δλ _τ = 0. The protos correction would require a color filter with a transmission characteristic τ _Ρ (λ), while the deuteros correction would require a color filter with a transmission characteristic τ _ο (λ) as well. The throughput characteristics of τ _Ρ (λ) and τ ₀ (λ) are obtained from (4) and (5), respectively. No correction is required for the tritos, which corresponds to a horizontal τ _Τ (λ) transmission characteristic. The throughput characteristic τ (λ) of the color filter to be implemented, indicated by the dashed line in Fig. 7, is obtained so that τ _Ρ (λ), τ _ο (548-780 nm, 489-548 nm and 380-489 nm, respectively). We take λ) and τ _Τ (λ) throughput characteristics, respectively, and apply a continuous function to them. The color filter can be realized by applying thin layers of optical layers of specified material and thickness. In order to realize the permeability characteristic τ (λ) shown, the following ten thin layers are applied, for example, on a transparent plastic substrate.

Layer 1 0.25 µm MgF ₂ Layer 2 0.95 µm ZrO ₂ + TiO ₂ mixture Layer 3 0.25 µm MgF ₂ Layer 4 0.25 µm ZrO ₂ + TiO ₂ mixture Layer 5 0.25 µm MgF ₂ Layer 6 0.25 µm ZrO ₂ + TiO ₂ mixture Layer 7 0.25 µm SiO ₂ Layer 8 0.25 µm ZrO ₂ Layer 9 0.40 µm SiO ₂ Layer 10 0.50 µm MgF ₂

The ZrO ₂ + TiO ₂ blend is manufactured by MERCK 16413. As the eleventh layer, it is also advisable to apply here7

EN 217 735 Β apply a UV barrier known per se. As a carrier, for example, a -2D spectacle lens is used when the subject is wearing a -2D spectacle on that particular eye. Unless otherwise wearing spectacles, apply the above layers to an OD spectacle lens.

Example 3

Examination of the subject's eyes showed that the proto-sensitivity function is shifted towards smaller wavelengths by 12.5 nm, its deuterosensitivity function is shifted to larger wavelengths by 7.5 nm, and its tritoseceptors are sensitive to normal eyes. The maximum of the sensitivity functions Ρ * (λ) and ϋ * (λ) is thus 20 nm closer to each other than in normal color vision. That is, Δλ _Ρ = -12.5 nm, Δλ ₀ = 7.5 nm, and Δλ _τ = 0. The protos correction would require a color filter with a transmission characteristic τ _Ρ (λ), while a deuteros correction would require a color filter with a transmission characteristic τ ₀ (λ). No correction is required for the tritos, which corresponds to a horizontal τ _Τ (λ) transmission characteristic. The result of the three transmittance characteristics is formed as described in Example 1 to give the transmittance τ (λ) of the color filter to be implemented, which is indicated by the dotted line in FIG. The color filter can be realized by applying thin layers of optical layers of specified material and thickness. The following eight thin layers are applied, respectively, to implement the permeability characteristic τ (λ), for example:

glass substrate. Layer 1 0.46 µm ZrO ₂ Layer 2 0.05 µm SiO ₂ Layer 3 0.05 µm ZrO ₂ Layer 4 0.18 µm SiO ₂ Layer 5 0.26 µm ZrO ₂ Layer 6 0.28 µm SiO ₂ Layer 7 1.74 pm ZrO ₂ Layer 8 0.25 µm MgF ₂

As a ninth layer, a UV barrier known per se can be applied. For example, a hard + 5D contact lens is used as a carrier such that the thin film optical layers are hermetically sealed between two plastic half lenses. The thin layers are applied to one side of the lens, and then the two sides of the lens are glued together, along the edges (Figure 15).

Example 4

By examining the eyes of the subject, we found that both the sensitivity of protos and deuteros is shifted to larger wavelengths by 10-10 nm, while its tritoseceptors are sensitive to normal eyes. That is, Δλ _Ρ = 10 nm, Δλ _ο = 10 nm and Δλ _γ = 0. Figure 9: Sensitivity functions of light sensitive receptors Ρ (λ), ϋ (λ), Τ (λ) in normal human ophthalmic receptors and Ρ * (λ), D * (X), Τ * (λ) of eye receptors with the above anomaly ) are shown. The shape of the sensitivity function Ρ * (λ) and ϋ * (λ) is practically the same

With the shape of the sensitivity function Ρ (λ) and D (/ „). A color filter with a transmission characteristic τ (λ) as shown in Figure 10, which can be implemented with a 2 mm thick glass filter made from BALZERS 8006T240 glass, is suitable for correcting for color loss.

An optical device having a color filter having a transmission characteristic τ (λ) that enhances or alters color vision can be made in the form of conventional glasses, contact lenses or intraocular lenses, or other optical means positioned between the eye and the object to be viewed. Eyeglasses may be similar to simple sunglasses, but for people who otherwise wear glasses to correct diopter defects, a coating or coating of optical thin film forming the color filter of the present invention may be applied to the dioptric glasses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Some embodiments of an optical device for improving or changing the color vision according to the invention will now be described with reference to the drawings.

All. The optical device shown in FIG. 1A is formed as a spectacle lens 1 comprising a negative dioptric lens 11 and a zero dioptric colored lens 10, wherein the lens 10 forms a color filter according to the invention. Preferably, the lens 10 is fitted to the surface of a standard curvature of the diopter lens 11. The material of the lenses 10 and 11 may be glass or plastic.

The optical device shown in FIG. 12 is configured as a spectacle lens 2 comprising a positive dioptric lens 12 and a zero dioptric colored lens 13, the latter forming the color filter of the present invention. Again, the lens 13 fits within the standard curvature surface of the diopter lens 12. The material of the lenses 12 and 13 may be glass or plastic.

The optical device shown in FIG. 13 is configured as a spectacle lens 3 comprising a zero-optic glass or plastic lens 14 and an optical thin-film system 15 applied to its concave surface, which forms the interference filter of the present invention. The optical thin-film system 15 is depicted in the drawing much thicker than the actual one for visibility.

The optical device shown in FIG. 14 is formed as a spectacle lens 4 comprising zero-color optic lenses 16 and 17 which together form the color filter of the present invention. The lenses 16 and 17 may be made of glass or plastic.

The optical device shown in FIG. 15 is formed as a contact lens 5 having an optical thin film system 20 forming an interference filter 20 between two solid 18 and 19 lenses of hard material providing the required diopter. The thin-film system 20 is applied to one of the lenses, for example 18, and then the two 18 and 19 lenses are assembled to merge at their 21 edges. The tissue-friendly material of the 18 and 19 lenses hermetically seals the thin-film system 20 so that it does not pose a problem when wearing the contact lens 5. Optionally, the contact lens 5 of the present invention may be formed of colored plastic having a suitable permeability characteristic, in which case the contact lens 5 may be of soft material.

HU 217 735 Β

The optical device shown in Figure 16 is configured as an intraocular lens 6, which is implanted in place of the lens, particularly during cataract surgeries that would otherwise be required. Between the two 22 and 23 half lenses providing the necessary diopter, there is an optical thin film system 24 forming the color filter of the present invention. The thin-film system 24 is applied to one of the lenses, for example the halves 22, and then the two halves 22 and 23 are fused together at their 25 edges. The tissue-friendly material of the 22 and 23 half-lenses hermetically seals the thin-film system 24 so that it does not pose a problem when the implanted intraocular lens 6 is worn. For attaching the intraocular lens 6, it is provided with loops 26 and 27 known per se.

The optical device shown in Fig. 17 is a ballast filter plate 7 which can be placed in front of a screen 29 of a color television set 28 or a color display with a base 33 by means of a suspension device 30 known per se. If the person with anomalous color vision wants to see the screen 29 in real colors, he attaches the ballast filter plate 7. For example, the filter plate 7 comprises two differently colored layers of glass or transparent plastic 32 and 33, but may also be a glass or transparent plastic sheet on which the interference filter forming the color filter according to the invention is applied. The color filter of the filter plate 7 can also be formed in the other ways already mentioned. It is also possible that it is applied to the screen 29, for example, by vaporizing the optical thin film system forming the color filter of the present invention.

According to the invention, not only anomalous color vision can be corrected, but also normal color vision can be altered as desired, for example, a person with normal color vision can be enhanced for a specific task. For example, the red-green color discrimination can be enhanced by shifting the incoming light in the wavelength range around the maximum of the sensitivity function Ρ (λ) to the larger wavelengths and in the wavelength range around the maximum of D (X). This option can be used, for example, in medical dermatological diagnostics, image processing, visual tasks, food quality testing, sorting tasks, special military tasks, money counterfeiting. The optical device of the present invention can also be made so that it changes color vision in only one eye of a person with normal color vision to perform a specific task. In order to obtain the desired color vision, the throughput characteristic of the color filter of the present invention can be determined by calculating the sensitivity functions corresponding to the desired color vision instead of the sensitivity functions of the receptors in the normal eye.

According to the invention, the color filter of an optical device for improving or changing color vision is determined by the color vision properties of the given eye. In general, both eyes of individuals with anomalous color vision have the same anomalous color vision. Less frequently, individuals who have different eyesight from each other will need to apply a color filter that corrects their own color loss to each eye, which is different from that of the other eye.

Claims (18)

PATENT CLAIMS CLAIMS 1. A method of correcting or altering color vision, comprising adjusting the color vision of a given subject's eye by applying a color filter, determining wavelength values for a maximum of the spectral sensitivity functions of the color sensor of the color vision eye to be modified, determining said normal wavelengths using wavelength differences between the maximum spectral sensitivity functions of the corresponding receptors of the desired eye of color, and using a color filter having a spectral transmission characteristic that is spectral to the wavelength of the proto, deuteros and tritoseceptors of the eye protos, deuteros, and tritos receptors offset according to a defined wavelength difference. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the color filter is selected such that at least one of said three wavelength ranges has a closest to the specified wavelength difference from a set of spectacle lenses or contact lenses having color filters that shift the wavelength spectrum of light at different wavelength values. selecting a spectacle or contact lens. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the color filter is a filter plate (7) made of glass or transparent plastic placed between the object to be viewed and the eye. 4. An optical device for improving or altering the color vision of a human eye, comprising an optical device having a color filter, wherein the color filter provides a spectral shift of the wavelength spectrum of the light passing through it at three wavelengths around the maximum sensitivity functions of the proto, deuteros and tritoseceptors of the human eye. a displacement corresponding to the difference between the maximum wavelengths of the protic, deuteric and tritos spectral sensitivity functions of the normal or desired color eye and the defined wavelengths of the spectral sensitivity functions of the corresponding receptors of the eye to be modified. Optical device according to claim 4, characterized in that the monotone increasing or shifting to the larger wavelengths is monotonically decreasing or decreasing the wavelength of the color filter through the wavelengths of the transmitted light at each of the three wavelength ranges , has a substantially constant spectral transmission characteristic, wherein at least one of the three wavelength ranges has either a monotonically increasing or a monotonically decreasing characteristic. HU 217 735 Β Optical device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the maximum value of the spectral transmission characteristic of the color filter is greater than 90%. The optical device of claim 4, wherein said three wavelength ranges are from 550 ± 30 nm to 780 nm in the first wavelength range, 480 + 20 nm to 550 + 30 nm in the second wavelength range, and Third wavelength range from 380 nm to 480 + 20 nm. The optical device according to claim 4, characterized in that the optical device has an optical thin-layer system which is dyed and / or dyed in the material of the optical device and / or consists of two or more layers of different colors and / or interfering filters on its surface. 15) equipped lens with or without diopter (1, 2, 3, 4). The optical device according to claim 4, characterized in that the optical device comprises a thin layer system (20) consisting of an additive dyed and / or surface dyed material and / or two or more layers of different colors and / or an interference filter. ), including contact lenses with or without diopter (5). Optical device according to claim 4, characterized in that the optical device system (24) is colored in the material of the optical device and / or painted on its surface and / or consists of two or more layers of different colors and / or forms an interference filter. ) including intraocular lenses with or without diopter (6). Optical device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the optical thin film system (20, 24) forming the interference filter is hermetically sealed in the material of the contact lens (5) or the intraocular lens (6). Optical device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the optical device has a substance dyed and / or painted on its surface and / or consists of two or more layers (31, 32) of different coloring and / or forms an interference filter on its surface. a filter plate (7) provided with an optical thin-film system placed between the object to be watched and the eye, of glass or transparent plastic. 13. A 8-12. Optical device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises a UV protection layer. 14. A method of providing an optical device for improving or altering the color vision of a human eye, comprising providing an optical body having a color filter comprising selecting the spectral transmission characteristic of the color filter by determining the protic, deuteros and tritoseceptor spectral sensing functions, forming three quadratic functions of the protozoal, deuteric and tritos spectral sensitivity functions of the normal or desired color eye and the defined spectral sensitivity functions of the corresponding ophthalmic ophthalmic eye, and the spectral transmission characteristic in each of the three wavelength ranges around the maximum of its spectral sensitivity functions nyadosfüggvénnyel chosen proportionally. 15. A method of providing an optical device for improving or altering the color vision of a human eye, comprising providing an optical body comprising a color filter by selecting the spectral transmission characteristic of the color filter by determining the protic, deuteros and tritoseceptor spectral generate the wavelengths corresponding to the maximum of its sensitivity functions, by plotting the spectral functions of the normal or desired spectral sensitivities of the normal, or desired, human eye by shifting the spectral sensitivity functions of permeability characteristics of the human eye protos-, deuteros- and tritoseceptors In each of the three wavelength ranges around the maximum of its spectral sensitivity functions, it is selected in proportion to the quotient function of the corresponding receptors. Method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the spectral transmission characteristic of the color filter is determined by applying to said three quadratic functions a continuous and non-breaking approximation function and transforming the approximation function by constant multiplication so that its maximum value is greater. should be at 90%. Method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the spectral transmission characteristic of the color filter is determined by multiplying said three quotient functions by constants at the boundaries of said three wavelength ranges and optionally rounding the fractures at the boundary points by generating a continuous and break-free approximation function and transforming the approximation function by constant multiplication so that its maximum value is greater than 90%. Method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that said three wavelengths are in the first wavelength range of 550 + 30 nm to 780 nm, in the second wavelength range of 480 + 20 nm to 550 + 30 nm, and a third wavelength range from 380 nm to 480 + 20 nm.