CN1071901C - Method and optical means for improving or modifying color vision and method of making said optical means - Google Patents
Method and optical means for improving or modifying color vision and method of making said optical means Download PDFInfo
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- CN1071901C CN1071901C CN 93117668 CN93117668A CN1071901C CN 1071901 C CN1071901 C CN 1071901C CN 93117668 CN93117668 CN 93117668 CN 93117668 A CN93117668 A CN 93117668A CN 1071901 C CN1071901 C CN 1071901C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method and an optical device for improving or changing people's color vision with color filter lenses having the spectral transparence tau (lambada). In the range of the three wavelength ranges near the maximum value of the spectral response curve of a first receptor, a second receptor and a third receptor of human eyes with the normal color vision, the optical device compensates the difference between the determined spectral sensitivity P<*> (lambda), D<*> (lambda) and T<*> (lambda) of corresponding receptors of human eyes whose color vision needs to be changed and the spectral sensitivity P (lambada), D (lambada) and T (lambada) of the corresponding receptors of human eyes which have the normal color vision or the desired color vision. The optical device can be made into a lens, a contact lens, an intraocular lens, or any optical device placed between the eyes and objects to be observed.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of improve or the change method and the optical devices of color vision and the method for making described optical devices.
Human eye can detect the electromagnetic radiation in the visible wavelength range, and wavelength of visible light is about 380nm to 780nm.Human vision is represented with so-called visibility curve with the optical efficiency of wavelength variations.Have three kinds of countenance receptors (pigment) to guarantee color vision in human eye, promptly first kind to red sensitive, and second kind to green sensitive, and the third is to the purple sensitivity.First kind of receptor and second kind of receptor stimulated simultaneously cause yellow perception, second kind of receptor and the third receptor are stimulated simultaneously cause dark green vision, cause the aubergine perception and the third receptor and first kind of receptor stimulated simultaneously.Three kinds of receptors are stimulated other transition tone that can produce colour simultaneously with varying strength.
Having normally, the spectrum sensitivity curve map of the crowd's of (on average) color vision first kind of receptor, second kind of receptor and the third receptor is well-known.Fig. 1 shows sensitivity curve P (λ), D (λ) and the T (λ) of normal eye's visibility curve V (λ), first kind of receptor of normal person's color vision, second kind of receptor and the third receptor respectively.
The spectrum sensitivity of the receptor of eyes can be determined by the measuring method (" science " magazine, March the 143rd in 1964 was rolled up " visual pigment of single primate cone " write among W.B.Marks, W.H.Dobbelle, the E.F.Michol) of uniqueness.La Shidun carries out microspectroscope (microspectrographic) and measures (seeing " American of science " magazine, in March, 1975, " visual pigment and the colour blindness " that La Shidun writes) on the eyes of the living person and the monkey that lives.In the microspectroscope method, a thin homogeneous beam is by pupil imaging on retina of eyes to be tested, and the size that arrives amphiblestroid light beam is no more than the size of each receptor (first kind of receptor, second kind of receptor, the third receptor).Measure continuously before the light velocity emission and the intensity after the receptor reflection.Both differences are the characteristic of receptor sensitivity at setted wavelength corresponding to the light intensity that given receptor absorbs.By changing the wavelength of test beams, can determine spectrum, the sensitivity curve (seeing " color vision " 121-122 page or leaf of Xin Nuo (Sinauer) the affiliated company publication in 1981 of Sunderland, masschusetts, u.s.a) of given receptor by the strange work of Leo M. Hull dimension.
Also has the another kind of method of determining the receptor spectral response curve from the color mix measurement result with mathematical method, (seeing No. 8/9 250-252 page or leaf of Finommechanika-Mikrotechnika 1985 24 volume, " numerical approach of definite simultaneous function that records with indirect measurement method " (the writing) that the grand thatch (Szasz) of K. Peter Wenzel (Wenzel) and G. is write) with Hungarian.The result that this computing method obtain is consistent with the result that described microspectroscopic method records.
As everyone knows, people's color vision is not identical.So for example so-called colour blindness only can be seen two kinds of primary colours, rather than three kinds.If lack first kind of receptor, claim that this achromate is the red-bindness patient, lack second kind of receptor, we are called the deuteranope to them, if no third kind receptor, this people is called as the tritanope.In addition, also known some have unusual color vision, though they have all three kinds of receptors, they see colour in the mode different with ordinary person.That modal unusual color vision form shows as is red-greenly feel perversion.The people who suffers from red-green feel perversion can not differentiate color tables such as vacation (being scattergram in the practice), and they can not distinguish redness, yellow and the green that is used for traffic control.In the 222nd to 269 page in textbook of above-cited Leo M. Hull dimension strange (Leo.M.Hurvich) work dissimilar parachromatisms has been described.
Unusual color vision has hereditary capacity, except the colour blindness that some disease causes, unless for example effect that temporarily causes of alcohol of some noxious materials, it does not change people's life-span.Colour blindness accounts for 2.1% (red-bindness accounts for 1%, deuteranopia accounts for 1.1%, and blue blindness accounts for 0.01%) in whole population.6.3% (red amblyope accounts for 1%, and the deuteranomal accounts for 5.3%, and blue amblyope accounts for 0.01%) that accounts for population that unusual color vision is arranged.This means that the people who accounts for whole population 8.4% can not correctly see colour.Top data refer to male sex's population of Caucasia (Europe) crowd, and for other crowd with for women's population, its investigation result value is less.
Usually, achromate or have the people of parachromatism can not obtain driving license, they can not employment become printing worker, industrial designer and electrician, and they can not be engaged in industries such as weaving, cosmetic and ceramic industry.There is occupation not recommend to the people who suffers from parachromatism above 100 kinds.
People have attempted coming the correcting color visual error by place a color filter before eyes.At United States Patent (USP) 3,586,423,3,701, an eyes colored lens has been described, another eyes solution of the bright lens of full impregnated in 590 and 4,300,819, it can make the achromate have some preliminary colored recognition capabilities, yet they do not have any improvement to the people who suffers from parachromatism.
At United States Patent (USP) 3,877, in 797, recommended a kind of filter assembly that improves the color resolution ability, its filtering arrive light near two frequency ranges 490nm and 580nm of eyes.
The optical filtering of a kind of people's of improvement vision is provided in WO90/05321, and its eyeglass has effect to cataract or vision because of the impaired people of the condition relevant with retina.Optical filtering has low transmission below 450nm, the high transmission of committee is arranged more than 450nm.In practice, this optical filtering is yellow optical filtering.Should rise at the 450nm transmission curve as far as possible precipitously.This light filter is not suitable for compensating parachromatism.In fact, in order to improve the sensitivity of vision addressability and contrast respectively, it has damaged normal color vision.
At United States Patent (USP) 5,218, in 386, a kind of glasses that change colour vision have been described.Be worn over first optical filtering on the left eye selectively by at light corresponding to three look people of red, green and blue.Be worn on the right eye second optical filtering selectively by with the part of the wave band complementation of first optical filtering in light.In this method, be the different colours of same scene because two glasses see, in brain, the color that receives is combined the high-colored artificial color sensation that can obtain to improve.This can be used for for example detecting the document counterfeit or check the artwork.Yet these glasses can not help people to improve parachromatism.
At United States Patent (USP) 3,731, in 993, recommended a kind of color filter of correcting parachromatism, it comprises corresponding with three primary colours (red, green, blue) the color filter parts of arranging side by side with the form of inlaying.The spectrum transparency of color filter parts with have the people's of unusual color vision corresponding colour sensitivity to be inversely proportional to.
DE-OS1958580 relates to a kind of apparatus and method that compensate parachromatism, and it is to measure by the saturation degree that is based upon the RGB color respectively on the vision point of the eyes of testing.It proposes to proofread and correct parachromatism with optical filtering, and this optical filtering weakens the light that sees through at least in one of red, green and blue wavelength coverage, to compensate the colored responsive receptor of arbitrary type deviation quantitatively with respect to normal vision.For example,, should in green and blue wavelength coverage, weaken the light that sees through, perhaps,, should suitably decay in green wavelength if the green glow receptor is too many if the ruddiness receptor very little.It is owing to the undesired of colored responsive receptor quantitative relation in the eyes causes that this solution is based on the hypothesis parachromatism, therefore, between the colored responsive receptor stimulus intensity suitable relation is arranged if guaranteed, the light intensity that sees through in then red by weakening, the green and/or blue light wavelength scope can be proofreaied and correct this parachromatism.
These solutions by light intensity in some scope that weakens spectrum with the method that filters only reach the result of the amplitude of the spectral response curve that in fact reduces some looks responsive acceptor, but, rule of thumb, this method is not suitable for the people who has unusual color vision is in a large number proofreaied and correct parachromatism.Up to now, there is not a kind of instrument can in most of the cases correct parachromatism on the market.
Creation of the present invention is intended that seeks a kind of solution of proofreading and correct parachromatism.Therefore, primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method, can correct unusual color vision with this method.Second purpose provides a kind of device that is suitable for improving and changing color vision.
In most of the cases, parachromatism is different the causing of corresponding sensitivity by spectral response curve with the eyes that normal color sight is arranged of the receptor of the eyes that unusual color vision is arranged.For parachromatism, we have realized that the corresponding sensitivity curve of the sensitivity curve of such eyes with respect to the eyes that normal color sight is arranged, and can be offset independently of each other and on both direction along wavelength, also have, these sensitivity curves are in shape also can some difference.Therefore, must independent analysis the spectral response curve of its first kind, second kind and the third receptor, determine the type and the degree of parachromatism, to improve color vision.
We further recognize, the skew of the sensitivity curve of receptor can be with proofreading and correct through the color filter of suitably selecting, under most of parachromatism situations, be to move arbitrary sensitivity curve, make inevitably the minimizing of the light intensity that causes by color filter can compensate by the adaptation of human eye basically at lower edge wavelength to a certain degree.For example, because the logarithm sensitivity characteristic of eyes, be that 10% color filter only causes very little minimizing with transmissivity aspect light perception.
We also recognize, with special color filter according to the present invention, no matter there is the people of normal color sight still to have the people of unusual color vision can both give special color vision, be specific purposes, can improve his color resolution ability as the processing of identification garden pest, food and medicine, the detection of counterfeit etc. in this way.
Therefore, on the one hand, the present invention is a kind of method of improving or changing color vision, and it comprises the color vision of determining eyes, and by providing color filter to change the color vision of eyes.According to the present invention; this method is characterised in that colored first kind of responsive receptor of the human eye of determining that color vision is to be changed; the spectrum sensitivity of second kind of receptor and the third sensation body; color filter with spectral-transmission characteristics is provided; make its first kind of receptor at the normal human eye of color video; in near three wavelength coverages the maximal value of the spectral response curve of second kind of receptor and the third receptor, with respect to the skew of the fixed spectral response curve of receptor corresponding light spectral sensitivity curve compensation of human eye along wavelength with normal or desirable color vision.
On the other hand; the present invention relates to improve or change the optical devices of human eye color vision; it comprises the color filter of tool spectrum transparency; it has such spectral-transmission characteristics; so that near its three kinds of wavelength coverage the maximal value of the spectral response curve of first kind of receptor of the normal human eye of color vision, second kind of receptor and the third receptor, with respect to the skew of the fixed spectral response curve of receptor corresponding light spectral sensitivity curve compensation of human eye along wavelength with normal or desirable color vision.
Most preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in this instructions appending claims.
An advantage of the invention is that it passes through quite simple optical devices and eliminate or reduced indeterminable so far parachromatism, it can be applicable to ophthalmic practice by this technology production of having known in the optical field.
Another advantage is to use the present invention can not only eliminate parachromatism, and can also make color vision have more selectivity than normal eye in some aspects.
After this, will the present invention be described by embodiment shown in the drawings, wherein,
Fig. 1 is the spectral response curve figure of normal eye's visibility curve figure and colored responsive receptor thereof;
Fig. 2 is the normalized spectral response curve figure of the colored responsive receptor of normal eye;
Fig. 3 is normal eye and the spectral response curve figure that shows the colored responsive receptor of the unusual human eye of color vision;
Fig. 4 is the spectrum transparency performance diagram that improves the color filter of the color vision that shows unusual eyes shown in Figure 3 according to the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the wavelength shift figure that comprises according to one group of lens of color filter of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the spectrum transparency performance diagram according to color filter of the present invention that is used for unusual other situations of color vision to Fig. 8;
Fig. 9 is normal eye and the spectral response curve figure that shows the colored responsive receptor of the unusual human eye of another kind of type color vision;
Figure 10 is the spectrum transparency performance diagram that improves the color filter of the color vision that shows unusual eyes shown in Figure 9 according to the present invention;
The schematic sectional view of the different embodiment of the optical devices of the glasses that Figure 11 to Figure 14 makes according to the present invention;
Figure 15 is the schematic sectional view of embodiment of making the optical devices of contact lens according to the present invention;
Figure 16 is the schematic sectional view of embodiment of making the optical devices of intraocular lens according to the present invention;
Figure 17 makes the schematic side elevation of colour television set with the embodiment of the optical devices of color filter plate according to the present invention.
Parts of in the drawings, identical parts or identical function are marked with identical reference marks.
Fig. 1 shows the visibility curve V (λ) of expression normal eye spectral luminous efficiency and spectrum P (λ), D (λ), T (λ) sensitivity curve of normal eye's photaesthesia acceptor, on the longitudinal axis, represent relative spectral sensitivity S (λ), and on transverse axis, represent wavelength X with nm with %.Visibility curve V (λ) is the result who is combined by sensitivity curve P (λ), D (λ) and T (λ).As can be seen, the sensitivity curve P (λ) of first kind of receptor has maximal value about the 565nm place, and the sensitivity curve D (λ) of second kind of receptor has maximal value about the 530nm place, and the third receptor sensitivity curve T (λ) has maximal value about the 448nm place.
In Fig. 2, show normalization spectral response curve P (λ), D (λ), the T (λ) of normal eye's photaesthesia acceptor, on the longitudinal axis, represent relative spectral sensitivity S (λ) with %, and on transverse axis, represent wavelength X with nm.In Fig. 3 and Fig. 9, also show the normalization spectral response curve.The intersection point of normalization sensitivity curve T (λ) and D (λ) is about the 480nm place, and the intersection point of normalization sensitivity curve D (λ) and P (λ) is about the 550nm place.For every group of crowd, the maximal value joining and to a certain extent the shape of sensitivity curve can be different.
People have realized that the modal reason of unusual color vision is the deviation between the sensitivity curve of receptor sensitivity curve and the corresponding receptor of normal eye in implementation process.This understanding makes us the sensitivity curve P of eyes to be tested
*(λ), D
*(λ) and T
*(λ) each sensitivity curve P (λ), D (λ) and the T (λ) with normal eye compares.In the checking process to the people of unusual color vision, we find that the receptor sensitivity curve can be offset to both direction independently of each other along wavelength axis.We also experience, and can find the difference of each curve shape, and for example, the response curve of this curve ratio normal eye is wide or narrow.Can take place simultaneously along the skew of wavelength direction and the difference of shape.
According to the present invention, proofread and correct parachromatism in the following method or change color vision.
At first, determine the spectral response curve P of tested eyes
*(λ), D
*(λ) and T
*(λ), for example with this microspectroscope measuring method of having known.Yet, change the color vision of tested eyes with color filter, promptly in fact, proofread and correct corresponding sensitivity curve P
*(λ), D
*(λ) and T
*(λ), so that the color sensation of first kind of receptor of tested eyes, second kind of receptor and the third receptor corresponding to first kind of receptor of the human eye that normal color sight or desirable color vision are arranged, second kind of receptor and the third receptor spectral response curve P ((λ), D (λ) and T (λ).
The spectral-transmission characteristics curve τ (λ) that is used for the color filter of above-mentioned correction can determine according to following formula:
P(λ)=P
*(λ)·τP(λ) (1)
D(λ)=D
*(λ)·τD(λ) (2)
T(λ)=T
*(λ)·τT(λ) (3)
Wherein, P (λ), D (λ) and T (λ) are the sensitivity curves of first kind of receptor, second kind of receptor and the third receptor that the human eye of normal color sight or desirable color vision is arranged, P
*(λ), D
*(λ) and T
*(λ) be the sensitivity curve of first kind of receptor of color vision eyes to be changed, second kind of receptor and the third receptor; τ P (λ), τ D (λ) and τ T (λ) are used to proofread and correct first kind of receptor, the spectral-transmission characteristics of the color filter of the sensitivity of second kind of receptor and the third receptor.
Can obtain transmission special line τ P (λ), τ D (λ) and the τ T (λ) of following quotient function from equation (1)-(3):
τP(λ)=P(λ)/P
*(λ) (4)
τD(λ)=D(λ)/D
*(λ) (5)
τT(λ)=T(λ)/T
*(λ) (6)
The transmissison characteristic τ (λ) that proofreaies and correct the single color filter of all receptor mistakes determines according to transmissison characteristic τ P (λ), the τ D (λ) of form (4) to (6) and τ T (λ), is combined by these values basically.When determining this combined result, with sensitivity curve P (λ), the D (λ) of normal eye's shown in Figure 2 receptor and T (λ) as basic.Selective transmission characteristic τ P (λ) in first wavelength coverage around spectral response curve P (λ) maximal value of first kind of receptor of the human eye that normal color sight is arranged; Selective transmission characteristic τ D (λ) in second wavelength coverage around the maximal value of second kind of receptor spectral response curve D (λ); Selective transmission characteristic τ T (λ) in the wavelength range around the maximal value of the third receptor spectral response curve T (λ).
The boundary value of described three wavelength coverages can be determined according to normal eye's normalization sensitivity curve P (λ), D (λ) and the point of crossing of T (λ).So first wavelength coverage is that 550nm extends to 780nm from first wavelength value corresponding to the point of crossing of sensitivity curve P (λ) and D (λ), second wavelength coverage is that 480nm extends to described first wavelength value from second wavelength value corresponding to the point of crossing of sensitivity curve D (λ) and T (λ), and wavelength range extends to described second wavelength value from 380nm.The boundary value of described wavelength range also can be determined according to normal eye's sensitivity curve P (λ), D (λ) and the maximal value of T (λ), so that boundary value is on the mid point between the described maximal value place wavelength value.In the method, described first wavelength value and second wavelength value are respectively 548nm and 489nm.In practice, first and second wavelength value can be selected in 550 ± 30nm and 480 ± 20nm scope respectively.
Yet what obtain like this is not continuous function by three sections curves of forming usually, point of discontinuity can occur on the frontier point of wavelength coverage.According to the present invention, transmissison characteristic τ (λ) can draw from described curve with diverse ways.In first method, most technical may the coupling three sections curves and a continuous curve.Therefore, on the discontinuous point between section and the section, continuous curve leads on the adjacent segment from a section with short as far as possible path.In another approach, the method for using to each section multiplication by constants to eliminate point of discontinuity draws continuous curve.Constant can be definite like this, for example, the high value on each point of discontinuity determined divided by low value, each constant with acquisition like this on duty of section that is associated with low value.In the implementation procedure of reality, the breakpoint that may appear at the continuous curve on the frontier point of wavelength coverage has been slided by equating.According to another kind of method, these sections multiplication by constants, come to determine these constants like this, so that the reduction of the light intensity that surpasses the eyes adaptive faculty in particular range of wavelengths that is caused by color filter is reduced.In this case, obtain continuous curve by three sections curves that make a curve approximation multiplication by constants.
The continuous curve normalization that obtains like this, so that color filter has minimum absorptivity.In visible wavelength range (380-780nm), each value of continuous curve be multiply by 100 then divided by maximal value carry out best normalization.Preferably, normalization should be at least to 90%.After the normalization, just obtained transmissison characteristic τ (λ) to be achieved.
The light absorption that the color filter that the adaptive faculty of eyes is τ (λ) to every kind of receptor compensation transmissison characteristic in some limit causes.Because the high sensitivity of the eyes that adaptability causes, therefore applying a protective seam of having known according to the present invention on optical devices is desirable eyes are provided protection resist ultraviolet (UV) line.
Fig. 3 shows the sensitivity curve P of the corresponding receptor of the unusual eyes of sensitivity curve P (λ), D (λ), T (λ) and the color vision of normal eye's colored responsive receptor
*(λ), D
*(λ), T
*(λ).Compare sensitivity curve P with sensitivity curve P (λ)
*(λ) to the long direction skew of wavelength, its shape also has deviation with sensitivity curve P (λ).Compare sensitivity curve D with sensitivity curve D (λ)
*(λ) to the short direction skew of wavelength, its shape is almost identical with sensitivity curve D (λ).And, compare sensitivity curve T with sensitivity curve T (λ)
*(λ) to the long direction skew of wavelength, its shape is also different with sensitivity curve T (λ).Degrees of offset is as follows: Δ λ
P=17.5nm, Δ λ
D=-4nm, Δ λ
T=17.5nm.
Fig. 4 shows the spectral-transmission characteristics τ as function of wavelength (λ) as the color filter of proofreading and correct parachromatism shown in Figure 3.As can be seen, transmissison characteristic τ (λ) is dull in the wavelength coverage around sensitivity curve T (λ) maximal value descends, and dull rising the near the wavelength coverage sensitivity curve D (λ) maximal value, and dull again decline near the wavelength coverage sensitivity curve P (λ) maximal value.The eyes of described parachromatism and the influence that color vision is subjected to this color filter are arranged, seem sensitivity curve T shown in Figure 3
*(λ) be offset Δ λ left
T, sensitivity curve D
*(λ) be offset Δ λ to the right
D, and sensitivity curve P
*(λ) also be offset Δ λ left
PFor can be practical, sliding transmissison characteristic τ (λ) equating on the frontier point of wavelength coverage.
If the spectral response curve P of tested eyes
*(λ), D
*(λ), T
*The spectral response curve P (λ) of shape (λ) and the normal eyes of color vision, D (λ), the shape of T (λ) is identical, an only sensitivity curve or two sensitivity curves even all three sensitivity curves skew separately on the longer or shorter direction of wavelength, so can be with such color filter, its transmissison characteristic τ (λ) is at the sensitivity curve P of the normal eyes of color vision (λ), the dull rising near each scope of described three wavelength coverages maximal value of D (λ) and T (λ), cause that thus sensitivity curve is to the empty skew of the longer direction of wavelength, perhaps dull decline, cause that thus sensitivity curve is to the empty skew of the shorter direction of wavelength, perhaps be essentially a constant, cause that hardly sensitivity curve is along the empty skew of wavelength direction.In these cases, be enough to determine the sensitivity curve P of tested eyes
*(λ), D
*(λ) and T
*Peaked side-play amount (λ) is in order to form the transmissison characteristic τ (λ) of color filter in each scope of described three wavelength coverages.
By write music line P (λ), D (λ) and T (λ) and the maximal value of these spectral response curves is moved to the corresponding spectral response curve P of the color vision as above determined eyes to be changed from the spectrum spirit of human eye that normal color sight or desirable color vision are arranged
*(λ), D
*(λ) and T
*The curve that obtains on the maximal value (λ) produces three Shangqu lines and selects the spectrum transparency just can obtain to provide the transmissison characteristic τ (λ) along the color filter of the described empty skew of wavelength in each scope of described three wavelength coverages according to each Shangqu line basically.
The great majority that have been found that the eyes that color vision is unusual only show as has a skew along above mentioned wavelength direction, and under the situation of most of parorasises, only at sensitivity curve P
*(λ) and D
*(λ) go up the existence skew.According to the present invention, for proofreading and correct this unusual color vision, can use glasses similar to known dioptric lens group or contact lens prefabricated group, parts are equivalent to two dimension collection as shown in Figure 5 in this group, and with can guarantee that sensitivity curve is respectively according to the coordinate figure Δ λ of Fig. 5
PWith Δ λ
DThere is a color filter along the wavelength virtual displacement to match near the maximal value of spectral response curve P of the normal human eye of color vision (λ) and D (λ) the described wavelength coverage.Δ λ
PWith Δ λ
DCoordinate figure preferably change with the step size increments of 5nm ground.If unessential the third receptor sensitivity curve T in the parachromatism
*(λ) also take into account, this is organized corresponding to the three-dimensional collection.
As shown in Figure 5, the Δ λ on the transverse axis
DWith the Δ λ on the longitudinal axis
PValue can be 0, ± 7.5, ± 12.5, ± 17.5 and ± 22.5nm.If the sensitivity curve D of color vision eyes to be corrected
*(λ) move for example 6nm to the long direction of wavelength, and the sensitivity curve P of same eyes
*(λ) move for example 12nm to the short direction of wavelength, so, the parts in the group of selecting to mark with asterisk among Fig. 5 are proofreaied and correct.Provide 7.5nm to the displacement of wavelength near the wavelength coverage of light second kind of receptor peak response of these parts for transmission than length direction, provide 12.5nm displacement near first kind of receptor peak response the wavelength coverage, to guarantee suitably to proofread and correct this parachromatism actually to the shorter direction of wavelength.
Optical devices according to improvement of the present invention or change color vision can be realized in many ways.Color filter with desirable transmission characteristic τ (λ) can advantageously be realized with this interference light filter of having known of being made up of the optics thin layer.Color filter with the nearly all transmissison characteristic τ (λ) of interference light filter can both be made.In this technology, the thin layer in mu m range overlays on glass or the plastic carrier multiple layers of different materials and thickness.Material of these layers and thickness can design with commercially available computer program.As the input data of design, it is enough to determine the transmissison characteristic τ (λ) of color filter to be achieved.
In some cases, color filter can be made with coloured glass that suitable transparency is arranged or plastics, perhaps makes with the composition of this coloured glass or plastic layer.In document and glass catalogue, the spectrum transparency (ell Si Weier publishing house for example, Amsterdam, " optical property of glass " nineteen eighty-three of Feng Fande Garrick work, 154-155 page or leaf) of multiple coloured glass has been described.
Can also be according to color filter of the present invention with having the glass of one or more layers dye coating or plastic carrier to realize on its surface with suitable transparency.The eyeglass coloring process that employing is generally used for optics industry can be coated to the water base of the aniline dyes of various spectrum transparencies or alcohol-based solution on the lens surface.By the mixing of subtracting each other of various dyestuffs, promptly the thickness of the dye coating by suitably selecting material composition and coating can be determined suitable transparency τ (λ).On look can be with a thin SiO
2Protective seam is protected.
Can also be according to color filter of the present invention technology above-mentioned in conjunction with realizing.For example, be used in combination coloured glass and its lip-deep dyestuff and can guarantee needed transparency.Can combine interference light filter with coloured glass, therefore, the optics thin layer is coated on coloured carrier.
To provide the color filter that is used in according in the optical devices of the present invention in some examples below.
Example 1:
By people's the eyes of test appointment, determined that the sensitivity curve of first kind of receptor and second kind of receptor has been offset 17.5nm to the long direction of wavelength, and the sensitivity curve of the 3rd receptor is consistent with normal eye.This means Δ λ
P=17.5nm, Δ λ
D=17.5nm, Δ λ
T=0.Proofread and correct for carrying out first kind of receptor, a transmissison characteristic τ P (λ) color filter as shown in Figure 6 must be arranged, and proofread and correct, also need a transmissison characteristic τ D (λ) color filter as shown in the figure for carrying out second kind of receptor.For the third receptor, do not need to proofread and correct, it is corresponding to the transmissison characteristic τ T (λ) of level.Obtain transmissison characteristic τ P (λ) and τ D (λ) respectively according to equation (4) and (5).Produce the transmissison characteristic τ (λ) shown in Fig. 6 dotted line to be achieved, with at respectively selective transmission characteristic τ P (λ), τ D (λ) and τ T (λ) in 550 to 780nm, 480 to 550nm and 380 to 480nm wavelength coverage, and these three sections continuous curves of multiplication by constants acquisition.Realize color filter at carrier coated with the optical layers of specified material and thickness with thin-bed techniques such as for example evaporations.For obtaining transmissison characteristic τ (λ) as shown in the figure, on glass carrier, apply following 12 thin layers in order:
Layer 1 0.12 μ m MgF
2
Layer 3 0.25 μ m ZrO
2
Layer 6 0.25 μ m SiO
2
Layer 8 0.25 μ m SiO
2
Layer 9 0.25 μ m ZrO
2
Layer 12 0.15 μ m SiO
2
As the 13 layer, can be coated with and apply the UV protective seam that this has been known.As carrier,, for example available+the 2D eyeglass if the people uses this eyeglass on its tested eyes.If he does not wear glasses, then can on the OD eyeglass, apply these layers.
Example 2:
The first kind of receptor of tested eye and the sensitivity curve of second kind of receptor are respectively to wavelength short direction skew 27.5nm and 17.5nm, and the third receptor has the sensitivity identical with normal eye.This means Δ λ
P=-27.5nm, Δ λ
P=-17.5nm, Δ λ
T=0.Proofread and correct for carrying out first kind of receptor, need a transmissison characteristic τ P (λ) color filter as shown in Figure 7, and, a transmissison characteristic τ P (λ) color filter as shown in the figure must be arranged for the correction of second kind of receptor.Obtain transmissison characteristic τ P (λ) and τ D (λ) respectively according to formula (4) and (5).For the third receptor, do not need to proofread and correct, it is corresponding to horizontal transmissison characteristic τ T (λ).Produce the color filter transmissison characteristic τ (λ) shown in Fig. 7 dotted line to be achieved, with respectively from 548 to 780nm, selective transmission characteristic τ P (λ), τ D (λ) and τ T (λ) in 489 to 548nm and 380 to 489nm the wavelength coverage, and make a continuous curve near these three sections.The optical layers that applies specified material and thickness with arbitrary thin-bed technique on carrier realizes color filter.For obtaining transmissison characteristic τ (λ) as shown in the figure, on the transparent plastic carrier, apply following thin layer in order:
Layer 1 0.25 μ m MgF
2
Layer 3 0.25 μ m MgF
2
Layer 6 0.25 μ m ZrO
2+ TiO
2Compound
Layer 8 is μ m ZrO O.25
2
Layer 9 is μ m SiO O.40
2
Compound ZrO
2+ TiO
2Be the product of MERCK company by No. 16413 manufacturing of numbering.Being coated with the UV protective seam that one deck originally known is desirable as eleventh floor.As carrier,, for example available-the 2D eyeglass if the people uses this eyeglass on its tested eyes.If he is the hyperphoria with fixed eyeballs eyeball not, then can on the OD eyeglass, apply these layers.
Example 3:
Eyes by the test nominator, the sensitivity curve of having determined first kind of receptor is to the shorter direction skew of wavelength 12.5nm, the sensitivity curve of second kind of receptor is to the long direction skew 7.5nm of wavelength, and the sensitivity curve of the third receptor is consistent with normal eye.Sensitivity curve P
*(λ) and D
*The interval each other of maximal value (λ) is than the nearly 20nm of the normal situation of color vision.This means Δ λ
P=-12.5nm, Δ λ
D=7.5nm, Δ λ
T=O.Proofread and correct for carrying out first kind of receptor, a transmissison characteristic τ P (λ) color filter as shown in Figure 8 must be arranged, and also need a transmissison characteristic τ D (λ) color filter as shown in the figure for second kind of receptor correction.For the third receptor, do not need to proofread and correct.It is consistent with horizontal transmissison characteristic τ T (λ).By these three transmissison characteristics are combined, obtain the transmissison characteristic τ (λ) of the color filter to be achieved shown in Fig. 8 dotted line as example 1 is described.The optical layers that applies specified material and thickness with arbitrary thin-bed technique on carrier is to realize color filter.For obtaining transmissison characteristic τ (λ) as shown in the figure, on glass carrier, apply following 8 layers of thin layer in order:
Layer 1 0.46 μ m ZrO
2
Layer 3 0.05 μ m ZrO
2
Layer 6 0.28 μ m SiO
2
Layer 8 0.25 μ m MgF
2
As the 9th layer, can apply the UV protective seam that one deck has originally been known.As carrier, when thin layer being sealed between the two plastics semi-permeable mirrors application examples as firmly+the 5D contact lens.Thin layer is coated on one of semi-permeable mirror, then two semi-permeable mirrors is put together, and along their edge fusing (Figure 15).
Example 4:
By people's the eyes of test appointment, the sensitivity curve of having determined first kind of receptor and second kind of receptor is all to the long direction skew 10nm of wavelength, and the sensitivity curve of the third receptor is consistent with normal eye.This means Δ λ
P=10nm, Δ λ
D=10nm, Δ λ
T=0.Fig. 9 shows normal eye's sensitivity curve P (λ) D (λ) and T (λ) of receptor and the sensitivity curve P of receptor that shows the eyes of above-mentioned abnormal conditions
*(λ), D
*(λ) and T
*(λ).There have the color filter of transmissison characteristic as shown in figure 10 to be fit to cadre school to be just this unusual, and the glass optical filtering of 2 millimeters thick that this color filter can be made by the coloured glass of 8006T240 number manufacturing of numbering with Ba Erzesi (BACZERS) company is realized.
Comprise transmissivity and be the improvement of color filter of τ (λ) or the optical devices that change color vision and can make traditional eyes, contact lens or intraocular lens, perhaps other any optical devices between eyes and object observing.Glasses can be similar to simple sunglasses, but the people who proofreaies and correct refractive error for wearing glasses, can be according to coated optics thin layer of the present invention on optical mirror slip, or colouring, form color filter.After this, with some embodiment that describe with reference to the accompanying drawings according to the optical devices of improvement of the present invention or change color vision.
Figure 11 shows the optical devices of realizing as with the eyeglass that comprises negative dioptric lens 11 and zero diopter colored lens 10, and lens 10 constitute according to color filter of the present invention.Can the standard plane of bending that lens 10 make with dioptric lens 11 be complementary. Lens 10 and 11 material can be glass or plastics.
Figure 12 shows the optical devices of realizing as the eyeglass that comprises positive diopter lens 12 and zero diopter colored lens 13, and the latter represents according to color filter of the present invention.Still the standard plane of bending that lens 13 are made with dioptric lens 12 is complementary.Lens 12 and 13 material can be glass or plastics.
Figure 13 shows as comprising zero diopter glass or plastic lens 14 optical devices with the eyeglass realization that is coated on the optics thin layer 15 on its concave surface.Thin layer 15 expressions are according to interference color filter of the present invention.As optics thin layer 15 is shown scheming is in order to see clearly, and their real thickness is wanted Bao Deduo.
Figure 14 shows the optical devices that realization comprises the eyeglass of zero diopter colored lens 16 and 17, and they lump together expression according to color filter of the present invention.Lens 16 and 17 material can be glass or plastics.
Figure 15 shows as comprising two semi-permeable mirrors 18,19 and the optical devices realized of the contact lens 5 of optics thin layer 20, two semi-permeable mirrors of being made by hard material 18 and 19 are guaranteed required diopter, and optics thin layer 20 forms according to interference color filter of the present invention between them.Thin layer 20 is applied on one of semi-permeable mirror, for example on semi-permeable mirror 18, then two semi-permeable mirrors 18 and 19 is lumped together and along its edge 21 fusings.Use semi-permeable mirror 18 and 19 sealing thin layers 20 made by the material of bio-compatible (biocompatible), so when wearing contact lens 5, can not produce any problem.In some cases, contact lens 5 can also be made with the coloured plastics material material that the right transmission characteristic is arranged, and these contact lenses 5 can also be made with flexible material.
Figure 16 shows the optical devices of realizing as intraocular lens, and it mainly is used for replacing the natural lens of eyes in cataract procedure.Guaranteeing necessary dioptric two semi-permeable mirrors 22 and 23 with there being optics thin layer 24 to form according to color filter of the present invention.Thin layer 24 for example is applied on one of semi-permeable mirror on semi-permeable mirror 22, then two semi-permeable mirrors 22 and 23 is lumped together and along its edge 25 fusings.Use semi-permeable mirror 22 and 23 sealing thin layers 24 made by biocompatible material, so when wearing the intraocular lens 6 of implantation, can not produce any problem.This knows, and intraocular lens 6 has two antennal organs 26 and 27 (haptica) with fixing intraocular lens 6.
Figure 17 shows the optical devices of realizing as filter 7, before it can place before the screen 29 of the colour television set 28 with support 33 or place color monitor with this suspended structure of having known 30.If the unusual people of color vision wants to see colour true to nature in the TV screen 29, he can put filter 7.Filter 7 as shown in the figure comprises two-layer glass or clarity plastic layer 31 and 32 that different colours is arranged, but also can make with being coated with glass or the transparent plastic material represented according to the interference light filter of color filter of the present invention on it.Yet filter 7 can also be realized with other method of having mentioned.Can also be with methods such as for example evaporations representing to be coated on the screen 29 according to the optically thin layer system of color filter of the present invention.
According to the present invention, not only unusual color vision can be proofreaied and correct, but also normal color sight can be changed, the color resolution ability that for example can improve the normal people of color vision is can more easily finish special task.For example, can pass through sensitivity curve P
*(λ) move virtually and sensitivity curve D to the long direction of wavelength near the wavelength coverage the maximal value of sensitivity curve P (λ)
*(λ) direction of lacking to wavelength near the wavelength coverage the maximal value of sensitivity curve D (λ) moves virtually and improves red-green resolution characteristic.It can be applied to the quality test, ore dressing work, special military mission, the fields such as discriminating of authenticity of banknotes of observation work, the food of skin disease medical diagnosis, image processing.Can be paired in a people that normal color sight arranged and only change his color vision of eyes and be used for special task making according to optical devices of the present invention.For reaching desirable color vision, can according to formula (4) to (6) come to determine transmissison characteristic τ (λ) according to look mirror of the present invention, its way be do not consider normal eye receptor sensitivity curve and replace the sensitivity curve of consideration corresponding to desirable color vision.
According to the present invention, determine to improve or change the color filter of the optical devices of color vision according to the color vision characteristic curve of specifying eyes.Usually, two eyes of the unusual people of color vision show identical unusual color vision.It is rarely found that two eyes have the situation of different separately color visions.Certainly, this means that each eye needs one to be suitable for its oneself the different color filter of the color filter with another eyes and to proofread and correct its parachromatism.
Obviously, for those concerning person skilled in the art, above what disclosed only is example, make all selections, modifications and changes in their claims limited below the scope of the present invention.
Claims (19)
1; a kind of method of improving or changing the color vision of eyes; comprise the color vision of determining eyes and by providing color filter to change color vision; it is characterized in that; determine colored first kind of responsive receptor of the human eye that color vision is to be changed; the spectrum sensitivity of second kind of receptor and the third sensation body; color filter with spectral-transmission characteristics is provided; make its first kind of receptor at the normal human eye of color video; in near three wavelength coverages the maximal value of the spectral response curve of second kind of receptor and the third receptor, with respect to the skew of the fixed spectral response curve of receptor corresponding light spectral sensitivity curve compensation of human eye along wavelength with normal or desirable color vision.
2, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, produce three kinds of Shangqu lines by spectral response curve from the corresponding receptor of the spectrum sensitivity of first kind of receptor, second kind of receptor and the third receptor of human eye that normal color sight or desirable color vision are arranged and fixed color vision people's eyeball to be changed, and with a continuous curve and described three Shangqu lines coupling, basically according to each bar Shangqu line, in each of described three wavelength coverages, select spectral-transmission characteristics to obtain the spectral-transmission characteristics of color filter.
3, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, by first kind of receptor from human eye that normal color sight or desirable color vision are arranged, the spectral response curve of the corresponding receptor of people's eyeball that the spectral response curve of second kind of receptor and the third receptor and fixed color vision are to be changed produces three kinds of Shangqu lines, and basically according to each bar Shangqu line, in each of described three wavelength coverages, select spectral-transmission characteristics, so that these Shangqu line multiplication by constants, obtain continuous curve, described three Shangqu lines are matched each other on the border of described three wavelength coverages obtain the spectral-transmission characteristics of color filter.
4, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, by first kind of receptor from human eye that normal color sight or desirable color vision are arranged, the spectral response curve of second kind of receptor and the third receptor and the maximum point of these spectral response curves is moved the curve that obtains on the maximum point of spectral response curve of corresponding receptor of the special eyes of having determined that change of color vision along wavelength and produce three Shangqu lines, and with a continuous curve and described three Shangqu lines coupling, basically according to each bar Shangqu line, in each of described three wavelength coverages, select spectral-transmission characteristics to obtain the spectral-transmission characteristics of color filter.
5, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, by first kind of receptor from human eye that normal color sight or desirable color vision are arranged, the spectral response curve of second kind of receptor and the third receptor and the maximum point of these spectral response curves is moved the curve that obtains on the maximum point of spectral response curve of corresponding receptor of the special eyes of having determined that change of color vision along wavelength and produce three Shangqu lines, and basically according to each bar Shangqu line, in each of described three wavelength coverages, select spectral-transmission characteristics, so that these Shangqu line multiplication by constants, the acquisition continuous curve matches each other described three Shangqu lines and obtains the spectral-transmission characteristics of color filter on the border of described three wavelength coverages.
According to the described method of one of claim 2 to 5, it is characterized in that 6, described continuous curve is to come conversion to obtain by multiply by a constant, so that its normalization maximal value is greater than 90%.
7, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, represent to select color filter bidimensional or the three-dimensional color filter that collects from one group, the different wave length value that color filter in this group makes transmitted light is at two or three long scope bias internals of described filters, so that selected color filter makes the most described skew of approaching fixed described spectrum sensitivity of value of wavelength shift.
8, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described three wavelength coverages are for first wavelength coverage that extends to 780nm from 550 ± 30nm, extend to second wavelength coverage of 550 ± 30nm and extend to the wavelength range of 480 ± 20nm from 380nm from 480 ± 20nm.
9, a kind of optical devices that improve or change the color vision of human eye; comprise color filter; it is characterized in that; color filter has such spectral-transmission characteristics; so that near its three kinds of wavelength coverage the maximal value of the spectral response curve of first kind of receptor of the normal human eye of color vision, second kind of receptor and the third receptor, with respect to the skew of the fixed spectral response curve of receptor corresponding light spectral sensitivity curve compensation of human eye along wavelength with normal or desirable color vision.
10, optical devices according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, the spectral-transmission characteristics of described color filter is consistent to three curves of the merchant of the spectral response curve of the corresponding receptor of color vision eyes to be changed with the spectral response curve of first kind of receptor of the human eye that normal color sight or desirable color vision are arranged, second kind of receptor and the third receptor basically in described three wavelength coverages, and described Shangqu line forms continuous curve.
11, optical devices according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, the spectral-transmission characteristics of described color filter is dull the rising in each scope of described three wavelength coverages, make transmitted light to the less direction skew of wavelength, perhaps dull decline, the direction skew that transmitted light is increased to wavelength, perhaps, basically remain unchanged, with reality transmitted light is moved along a wavelength piece of writing, at least spectral-transmission characteristics increases or reduces in one of described three wavelength coverages, and described spectral-transmission characteristics forms continuous curve.
According to the described optical devices of claim 9 to 11, it is characterized in that 12, the normalization maximal value of the spectral-transmission characteristics of described color filter is greater than 90%.
13, optical devices according to claim 9 is characterized in that, described optical devices are the eyeglass (1 that diopter or zero diopter are arranged, 2,3,4), described eyeglass (1,2,3,4) has one of following situation at least: at described eyeglass (1, one additive is arranged in the material 2,3,4), at described eyeglass (1,2,3,4) apply an additive on the surface, has two-layer different nonferrous layer at least, and at described eyeglass (1,2,3,4) one group of optics thin layer (15) is arranged on the surface, form interference light filter.
14, optical devices according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, described optical devices are the contact lense (5) that diopter or zero diopter are arranged, described contact lense (5) has one of following situation at least: an additive is arranged in the material of described contact lense (5), on the surface of described contact lense (5), apply an additive, have two-layer different nonferrous layer at least, and on described contact lense (5) surface, one group of optics thin layer (20) is arranged, form interference light filter.
15, optical devices according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, described optical devices are the intraocular lens (6) that diopter or zero diopter are arranged, described intraocular lens (6) has one of following situation at least: an additive is arranged in the material of described intraocular lens (6), on the surface of described intraocular lens (6), apply an additive, have two-layer different nonferrous layer at least, and on described intraocular lens (6) surface, one group of optics thin layer (24) is arranged, form interference light filter.
According to claim 14 or 15 described optical devices, it is characterized in that 16, described one group of optics thin layer (20,24) is sealed in the material of lens (5,6).
17, optical devices according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, the light device of described light is glass or transmission plastics filter (7), described filter (7) has one of following situation at least: an additive is arranged in the material of described filter (7), on the surface of described filter (7), apply an additive, have two-layer different nonferrous layer (31,32) at least, and on described filter (7) surface, one group of optics thin layer (20) is arranged, form interference light filter.
18, according to claim 13,14,15 or 17 described optical devices, it is characterized in that, also comprise a protective seam with ultraviolet radiation preventing.
19, optical devices according to claim 9, it is characterized in that described three wavelength coverages are for first wavelength coverage that extends to 780nm from 550 ± 30nm, extend to second wavelength coverage of 550 ± 30nm and extend to the wavelength range of 480 ± 20nm from 380nm from 480 ± 20nm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93117668 CN1071901C (en) | 1993-09-10 | 1993-09-10 | Method and optical means for improving or modifying color vision and method of making said optical means |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93117668 CN1071901C (en) | 1993-09-10 | 1993-09-10 | Method and optical means for improving or modifying color vision and method of making said optical means |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1086319A CN1086319A (en) | 1994-05-04 |
| CN1071901C true CN1071901C (en) | 2001-09-26 |
Family
ID=4992133
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93117668 Expired - Fee Related CN1071901C (en) | 1993-09-10 | 1993-09-10 | Method and optical means for improving or modifying color vision and method of making said optical means |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1071901C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101813832A (en) * | 2010-04-15 | 2010-08-25 | 厦门虹泰光学有限公司 | Blue light resistant dark down sunglasses lenses |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102540500A (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2012-07-04 | 吕伟东 | UVPC color vision correcting spectacle lens and manufacturing technology |
| KR102386112B1 (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2022-04-14 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | Display apparatus |
| CN106199954B (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2019-03-22 | 陈晓冬 | A kind of Optical devices and its design method for correcting the weak colour blindness of blue yellow |
| KR102388209B1 (en) | 2016-08-30 | 2022-04-18 | 후에.에이아이, 엘엘씨 | Optical devices to improve human color vision |
| EP3800499A1 (en) * | 2019-10-03 | 2021-04-07 | Medicontur Kft. | Method of designing a colour filter for modifying human colour vision, such colour filter and colour filter set |
| JP7361302B2 (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2023-10-16 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Optical filters, color vision correction lenses, and optical components for color vision correction |
-
1993
- 1993-09-10 CN CN 93117668 patent/CN1071901C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101813832A (en) * | 2010-04-15 | 2010-08-25 | 厦门虹泰光学有限公司 | Blue light resistant dark down sunglasses lenses |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1086319A (en) | 1994-05-04 |
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