HU208453B - Method and device for improving or modifying chromatopsy - Google Patents

Abstract

The method and tool for improving color vision, or modifying it by a known method determine a person's eye color sensor pigmented spectral sensitivity functions [Ρ * (λ), D * (λ), T * (λ)] and their normal or human eye with the desired or modified color vision spectral sensitivity functions [Ρ (λ), D (λ), T (λ)] and then according to the present invention a color filter is placed in the eye in the path of the individual pigments spectral sensitivity the necessary shift of its functions wavelength from 340 nm to 480 ± 30 n (λ) in the range of tritos from 480 ± 30 nm to 550 + The wavelength (λ) range up to 30 nm is deutero and from 550 + 30 nm to 820 nm wavelength (λ) range of protos spectral sensitivity function [T * (la), D * (la), P * (la)] sliding, monotonous increasing or decreasing spectral transmission function [x (la) j optical filter they choose.

Description

Scope of the description: 6 pages (including 1 page figure)

EN 208 453 A

The present invention relates to a method for improving or modifying the color vision, wherein, as a first step, the spectral susceptibility functions of the color sensory pigments of a given person are determined by a known method, and, as a second step, the spectral sensitivity functions of a human eye with normal or desired or modified color vision are determined. The invention also relates to a color filtering device suitable for this purpose, in which the material is colored with dyes and / or painted on the surface and / or glasses with or without optical thin film having a diopter or diopter.

In front of the human, three color-sensitive pigments provide color vision. These are red-sensitive protos, green deuteros and violet-sensitive tritos. The yellow color is triggered by the combined stimulation of protos and deuteros; the stimulus of the tritos and deuteros ensembles a turquoise feeling; the stimulus of the tritos and the protos creates the feeling of purple. Other transient shades of color are also produced by the different ratios of the three receptors.

The spectral sensitivity function of the protos, deuteros and tritos is known to the average human. These are denoted by Ρ (λ), ϋ (λ), T (X). Figure 1 shows the spectral sensitivity functions of the normal eye. Spectral sensitivity was measured by Marks, Dobbelle, and Mac Nichol on an eye-highlighted tissue sample (Marks-Dobelle-Mac Nichol: Visual Pigments of Single Primate Cones: Science, Vol. 143, March 1964), performed on human and monkey eyes by Rushton micro-spectrophotometric measurements (Rushton: Visual pigments and Color Blindness: Scientific American, March, 1975), while dr. Wenzel Gottfriedné and dr. Gábor Szász determined the spectral sensitivity functions by means of a mathematical method from indirect measurement data and the results of color mixing measurements (numerical method for the determination of simultaneous functions measured by Indirect measurement method; Finommechanika-Mikrotechnika 1985, 24, pp. 8-9). The measurement and calculation results differ only slightly.

It is known that people do not see colors in the same way. There are so-called. color blinds who see only two instead of the three basic colors. If the proto is missing, the color blind protanop, if the deuteros are missing, deuteranop, if the tritos are missing, is called tritanop. In addition, there are anomalous color visionists who have all three pigments, but they see colors differently than the average. The most common form of anomalous color vision is red-green color misrepresentation. The red-green color blinds do not recognize pseudo-isochromatic tables (commonly known as "polka dots") for color vision analysis, nor can they distinguish between red, yellow and green signals used in traffic control.

The most detailed empirical grouping of anomalous color vision is given by Rabkin. (R. Rabkin: Polikromaticseszkie tablicü dija iszledoványija cvetooscsuscsenyija; Moscow, 1971). Rabkin categorizes the color blinds based on the values measured on the Nagel anomaloscope.

It is known that anomalous color perception, commonly known as color misrepresentation, does not change in the course of inherited trait and life, (Except for some cases of color blindness due to certain diseases and transient effects caused by some toxic substances such as alcohol).

It is known that the total population is approx. 2.11% are colorless (protanopy 1%, deuteranopia 1.1% tritanium 0.01%). There is an anomalous color perception of about 6.31% of the population (protomanal 1%, deuteromania 5.3%, tritomania 0.01%). So, about 8.42% of the population does not see the colors properly. (Publication of the National Institute of Ophthalmology, Bp. 1971. "New Results in Ophthalmology").

It is known that color blinds and color blinds do not receive a license, they cannot be printers, craftsmen, electricians, or work in the textile, cosmetics, ceramics, etc. More than 100 are the number of professions that career advisory publications do not recommend for color blinds.

It is known that color vision can be influenced by the use of color filters. Attempts have been made to correct the color vision defect with the help of color filters placed in front of the eye, but these attempts have not yet been a breakthrough in the improvement of color blindness.

Some of the solutions, such as U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,586,423, 3,701,590, and 4,300,819, have not provided some help for color blinds, but for color blinds, although they did not restore their color vision, but provided some rough color discrimination by one of them. eye-colored, transparent lens on the other.

Other solutions to improve color misrepresentation, such as US 3,731,993 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,877,797, include the failure to recognize that the fundamental cause of color misrepresentation is the wavelength shift of the spectral sensitivity functions of the individual pigment pigments of the eye. With the weakening of certain spectral ranges by filtration, only the effect of the amplitude of the spectral sensitivity functions of each color-sensing pigment was reduced instead of being shifted along the wavelength in the right direction by their spectral sensitivity functions.

The recognition underlying the present invention was that the spectral sensitivity functions of Ρ * (λ), ϋ * (λ), Τ * (λ) of protos, deuteros and tritium pigments should be analyzed separately in order to determine the nature and extent of color misrepresentation. determine and influence it. The results of our investigations showed that the color misrepresentation is caused by the spectral shift and displacement of the spectral sensitivity functions of protos, deuteros, tritic vision pigment Ρ * (λ), ϋ * (λ), Τ * (λ). These can be compensated well in the eye

EN 208 453 Transforming the spectrum of incoming light. This can be accomplished with a filter with a given τ (λ) spectral transmission function.

We have discovered that the ális * (λ), ϋ * (λ), Τ * (λ) spectral sensitivity functions of each pigment can be corrected by applying color filters, and even a method has been developed that can simultaneously correct the spectral sensitivity function of multiple vision pigments.

We have discovered that by applying special color filters, a person with normal color vision (or color-misleading) can be given special color vision properties, and thus, the ability to distinguish his or her vision by color can be enhanced for some purpose (eg, detection of plant pests, treatment of food, drugs, filtering of counterfeits, etc.).

We have discovered that the reduction in the sensitivity of the spectral sensitivity functions caused by the above-mentioned color filters is compensated by wide-ranging adaptation of the eye; (Applying a 10% pass filter causes little discernible light loss due to the logarithmic sensitivity of the eye), and this recognition has been taken into account in our method.

The first object of the present invention is to provide a method, method for correcting anomalous color vision, or to enhance or modify the color-differentiating ability of a normal eye. Our second objective is to create different tools for implementing the previous procedure.

As a general solution to our goal, in the third step of our process, we place a color filter in the path of light coming into the eye to the necessary shift of the spectral sensitivity function of the tritical, deuteros and protos Τ * (λ), ϋ * (λ), Ρ * (λ), respectively 340 wavelength range from 480 nm to 30 nm in the wavelength range from 480 ± 30 nm to 550 ± 30 nm in the wavelength range from 480 nm to 30 nm and from 550 ± 30 nm to 820 nm; In the range, the spectral sensitivity function of protos Τ * (λ), Ώ * (λ), Ρ * (λ) is selected in the monotonic decreasing τ (λ) spectral transmission function with a monotonic decreasing or shorter wavelength to the wavelength.

In order to implement this process, color filtering devices are preferably manufactured having an eyewear or contact lens in the embodiment and having a tritium in the range from 340 nm to 480 ± 30 nm in the range of 480 ± 30 nm in the range of 550 ± 30 nm. from 550 ± 30 nm in the 820 nm range the spectral sensitivity function of protos Τ * (λ), ϋ * (λ), Ρ * (λ) to monotonic decreasing τ decreasing in the direction of the larger wavelength or pushing towards the smaller wavelength (λ) have a spectral transmission function.

Figure 1 shows the spectral sensitivity functions of the human eye with normal Ρ (λ), ϋ (λ), Τ (λ) and an exemplary anomaly szem * (λ), D * (X), Τ * (λ), where on the vertical axis, S (X) is expressed in% of spectral sensitivity and on the horizontal axis in wavelength nm.

Figure 2 shows the spectral transmission function of the color filter τ (λ) correcting the exemplary anomaly of Figure 1.

One of the most common causes of anomalous color vision is the shift of the spectral sensitivity functions of the ulcer pigments relative to normal. This recognition led to the spectral sensitivity functions of the normal eye Ρ (λ), D / λ), Τ (λ), and the eye to be examined Ρ * (λ), ϋ * (λ), Τ * (λ) separately. (Figure 1). We have found that the shifts of each function along the wavelength axis can occur in both directions independently.

Further deviations can be in the form of individual functions, for example, wider or narrower than the corresponding functions of the normal eye. These are called dislocations.

The following procedure has been developed to improve color misrepresentation or change color perception:

As a first step, we determine the spectral sensitivity functions of the proto, deutero and tritium pigment pigment személy * (λ), ϋ * (λ), Τ * (λ) of a given person by a known method (eg by microspectrophotometry).

As a second step, the shift of the appropriate sensitivity functions of a given person is determined by the proton, deuteros and tritos Ρ (λ), ϋ (λ), Τ (λ), (λ), Τ (λ) spectral sensitivity functions of the human eye with normal or desired or modified color vision.

As a third step, we put a color filter into the path of light coming into the eye to make the necessary shift of the spectral sensitivity function of the tritos, deuteros and protos Τ * (λ), ϋ * (λ), Ρ * (λ), respectively, from 340 nm. in the λ wavelength range ≤ 480 ± 30 nm, in the wavelength range λ 480 ± 30 nm in the range λ 550 ± 30 nm in the λ wavelength range 550 ± 30 nm and 820 nm; the spectral sensitivity function of the protos Τ * (λ), ϋ * (λ), Ρ * (λ) is in the monotonic increasing τ (λ) spectral permeability of the monotone increasing in the direction of the larger wavelength or in the direction of the smaller wavelength.

As a typical example, Figure 2 shows the spectral permeability function τ (λ), which increases or decreases by region, where the τ (λ) is expressed as a percentage of spectral permeability on the vertical axis and the wavelength in nm on the horizontal axis.

The exact determination of τ (λ) is based on the following (/ 1 / - / 6 /) relationships:

Ρ (λ) = Ρ * (λ) τ _ρ (λ) / 1 / ϋ (λ) = ϋ * (λ) τ ₀ (λ) / 2 /

Τ (λ) = Τ * (λ) τ _τ (λ) / 3 / where Ρ (λ), ϋ (λ), Τ (λ) is the spectral sensitivity function of proto, deutero and tritium pigment of anomalous or modified color vision

Ρ * (λ), ϋ * (λ), Τ * (λ) is the spectral sensitivity function of the proto, deutero and tritium pigment of the person with anomalous color vision

GB 208 453 A _τ ρ (λ) τ ₀ (λ) _τ Τ (λ) color filter for the protos, deuteros and tritos error correcting spectral transmission function

The following conditions must also be met by color editors:

τ _Ρ (λ) <100% τ ₀ (λ) <100% τ _Τ (λ) <100%

The ális (λ) spectral permeability function of a single color filter that corrects the pigment errors together is the spectral weighted result of the functions τ _Ρ (λ), τ ₀ (λ), τ _Τ (λ) designed in the previous step. Weighing is based on the following considerations:

- In the spectral ranges where only one filter works, τ (λ) is equal to the spectral permeability function of this filter.

- In spectral ranges where multiple filter operation is required due to overlapping sensitivity functions to be corrected, we give priority to the filter in the resulting training where the sensitivity function of the pigment is higher at that wavelength.

- The function (λ) must be continuous and monotonous.

- The (λ) function takes the highest possible values (ie causes the least possible loss of light) to satisfy the previous conditions.

- The color filter (τ (λ) with the spectral permeability function) causes the eye - due to the light reduction caused - to increase the sensitivity to adaptation, therefore it is expedient to provide effective protection against this UV radiation.

The realization of our developed procedures can be accomplished by various means:

The spectral permeability function τ (λ) can be realized using the following technologies:

- Thin layer technology

- Pigments dissolved in glass or plastic material of the color filter, or dyestuffs,

- Paint applied on the glass or plastic substrate of the color filter.

The color filter with τ (λ) spectral permeability function is a color vision enhancer. we can make a correction tool in one of the following forms.

- Traditional glasses (similar to simple sunglasses; but for people who wear eyeglasses to correct dioptric defects, thin film coating or dyeing can also be used on diopter glasses).

- Contact lenses.

Claims (6)

PATENT CLAIMS A method for improving or modifying color vision, comprising, as a first step, a method known in the art, e.g. microspectrophotometric determination of the spectral sensitivity functions of the protozoal, deuterated, and tritical color sensing pigments of the subject [Ρ * (λ), D * (X), Τ * (λ)], as a second step in the normal or desired , deuteros and tritos spectral sensitivity functions (Ρ (λ), ϋ (λ), Τ (λ)) are determined by the corresponding sensitivity functions of the person [Ρ * (λ), ϋ * (λ), Τ * (λ)] a third step is to place a color filter in the path of the light arriving in the eye, characterized in that the spectral sensitivity function of the color filter [Τ * (λ), ϋ * (λ), Ρ * (λ)] is the spectral sensitivity function of tritos, deuteros and protos to 340 nm to 480 ± 30 nm for tritos, 480 + 30 nm to 550 ± 30 nm for deuteros and 550 ± 30 nm for 820 nm the spectroscopic sensitivity function of the protos in the wavelength (λ) domain [Τ * (λ), ϋ * (λ), Ρ * (λ)] has a monotonically increasing spectral permeability shift for larger wavelengths or a monotonically decreasing mono wavelength shift for smaller wavelengths [ τ (λ)] is selected. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the spectral sensitivity functions [Ρ (λ), ϋ (λ), Τ (λ)] of the normal eye and the corresponding sensitivity functions of the given eye [Ρ * (λ), ϋ * (λ), Τ * (λ)] is a function of the following quotient, τ _Ρ = Ρ (λ) / Ρ * (λ) T _D = ϋ (λ) / Ο * (λ) τ _τ = Τ (λ) / Ο * (λ) and then these three quadratic functions [τ _Ρ (λ), τ ₀ (λ), τ _γ (λ)] of which 340-480 ± 30nm x _T (X), 48O + 30O-55O ± 3Onm x _D (X) and 550 ± 30-820nm x _P (X) ), and they are continuously fitted at the boundaries of the segments such that the quotient functions (τ _Ρ (λ), τ ₀ (λ), τ _Τ (λ)) are transformed in a homogeneous linear fashion. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the continuous spectral transmission function [τ (λ)] is transformed in a homogeneous linear manner so that its maximum value is as close as possible to 100%. 4. Color filtering device for improving or modifying color vision, comprising dioptric or non-dioptric glasses or contact lenses, doped and / or doped, with or without optical thin layers on its surface, characterized in that 480 ± 30 nm from 340 nm. spectral sensitivity function of tritos, deuteros in the 480 ± 30 nm, 550 ± 30 nm in the range of 480 ± 30 nm and protozoa in the range of 550 ± 30 nm to 820 nm [Τ * (λ), Ώ * ( λ), Ρ * (λ)] has a monotonically increasing spectral transmission function for the larger wavelengths or a monotonically decreasing monotonic for the smaller wavelengths [τ (λ)]. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the color filtering device has proto, deuterated and tritos spectral sensitivity functions of the given eye [Ρ * (λ), EN 208 453 The corresponding spectral sensitivity functions of ϋ * (λ), Τ * (λ)] and normal or desired or modified eye [Ρ (λ), ϋ (λ), Τ (λ)] has a continuous spectral transmission function [τ (λ)] approximating 100% of its maxima. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that it is provided with a UV protective layer.