HU216712B - Special circulating device of, lubricant-oil for cooling of running gears of machines and heary loaded planet-running gears - Google Patents

Abstract

A driven axle assembly comprises an axle housing (1) with a main drive (8) and a lubricant liquid in its inside, hollow axle casings (2) fixed to both sides of the axle housing (1), a hollow wheel hub (3) rotatably connected to each axle casing (2), the wheel hub (3) having a flange for carrying a vehicle wheel rim as well as, in its inside, a planetary gearing (6) and a multi-plate friction type wet brake (7), the main drive (8) and the planetary gearing (6) as well as the multi-plate wet brake (7) being interconnected by a drive shaft (9). A rotatably driven lubricant liquid pump (12) is connected with its inlet opening (15) to the lubricant liquid in the axle housing (1) and with its outlet opening (16) to piping means forcing the lubricant liquid to the planetary gearing (6) and the multi-plate wet brake (7). The lubricant liquid pump (12) is an eccentric pump with lock valve being arranged around the drive shaft (9), and an eccentric portion (13) of the pump (12) is in a torque transmitting connection to the drive shaft (9), and the outlet opening (16) of the liquid pump (12) is communicating with a pressure duct provided around the drive shaft (9) in a concentric manner. <IMAGE>

Description

a planetary gear, a wet brake structure made of a rotating and stationary lamella bundle, directly or indirectly actuated through the hub, the main gear through a shaft bore, a planetary gear located in the hub, or a double-sided shaft of the wet brake structure, and an oil circulating pump with pressure openings, a submersible suction pipe and a discharge pipe connecting a submersible oil space and a reciprocating opening in the oil pan of the axle joint to one or more of the axle body oil ports it is.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a torque pump (2) threaded to and connected to the camshaft (1) by means of a torque transducer, a pump connection (3) encompassing the camshaft (1), in this case the camshaft (1). ) includes and encompasses a pressure pipe (7) of a size and airtightness which passes through the bore (5) of the axle joint (4) to pass through the shaft (1) to pass the lubricant (6).

Special oil circulation system, especially for wet-brake gearboxes and hub-planetary vehicles, to distribute and dispense with oil the heat generated by simple, serial or parallel-connected planetary gear systems or hub brakes under heavy load.

The amount of heat generated by the kinetic energy generated by the braking of wet brake machine gearboxes is generated on the surface of the oil-operated brake blades and significantly increases the temperature of the blade surfaces relative to the temperature of the surrounding parts. This temperature warms up the thin oil film between the brake blades almost immediately, so this part of the oil is almost on the verge of oil damage even after braking. Damage occurs when, at an oil-specific temperature, lubrication of the lubricating oil begins, the release of one of the products of distillation, the bitumen on the surface of the brake blades, leading to a rapid reduction of the coefficient of friction between the blades. due to deterioration, it can no longer be operated. Due to local heat, the pores on the surface of the 0.5 to 1 mm thick organic friction pad applied to the brake pads are filled with bitumen, and due to the local heat effect the adhesion of the brake pad to the steel disk is detached.

As can be deduced from the above, wet brake systems require immediate removal of heat generated during braking, otherwise wet brake pads will become unusable after a few brakes, replacing them due to the extremely high cost, not to mention loss of machine and the high cost of repairs.

To reduce damage due to insufficient heat dissipation, each chassis manufacturer requires the use of various oil additives, thereby wishing to delay or eliminate blade damage and brake performance from insufficient heat dissipation.

In addition to the choice of oil quality and the development of a new generation of additives, major industrial powers with advanced industry and cutting-edge chassis manufacturing have made every effort to achieve the required heat dissipation of wet brake chassis to the level required for operational safety. There are a number of solutions that use various oil flow systems within the chassis to quickly flush the lamella structure after braking.

Initially, the centrifugal effect of the rotating brake blades provided the flow of oil inside the wet brake hub. An example of such a solution is the US application of DANA Corp. Toledo, which is approved by the Deutsches Patentamt DE 36 38862 A1. This patent also discloses a sealing ring separating the hub oil space from the axle bridge oil space, so that the amount of heat generated in the hub can only escape from the heat generation site by means of the hub and associated fittings. The use of oil as a heat transfer and flow medium inside the hub is accomplished by this solution, but circulation within the hub is only sufficient to rinse off hot oil that develops rapidly during braking on the lamellae surface, and evenly within the wheelhouse divide for better heat dissipation. The structural design of the above solution allows for the formation of cross-sections used for relatively narrow oil flow40, so that the heat flow from the closed space of the lamellae by the oil flow gives the required heat balance only under gentle operation.

Oil circulation within the hub has not proved to be a satisfactory solution under all operating conditions 45. Others tried to achieve the goal in a different way. Klaue, Hermann, Dr., for example, patented a water-cooled lamella brake device, which was registered by the Deutsches Patentamt under number 23 63 104. In this arrangement, the oil space of the hub is separated from the lamellar brake structure. The blades are located in a closed space, cooled from outside by cooling water. This is undoubtedly a braking device with a higher load than the previous solution, which can be operated properly even under difficult operating conditions. A major disadvantage of this structure is that, in addition to oil, another medium, the cooling water, is required to operate the chassis, which requires the operation of a complete water circuit. The cost, operation and maintenance of more expensive and complicated equipment60 are disproportionately high

EN 216 712 Β requires effort, and its complexity increases the likelihood of failure.

Probably in addition to the above, there are many solutions for solving the cooling problems of wet brake structures. In general, consider a hypothetical solution that can be logically deduced from the above. Certainly, there is a solution that replaces the oil in the undercarriage body with the heated oil in the hub oil space, thereby ensuring oil circulation within the undercarriage, thereby utilizing the entire surface of the undercarriage for heat dissipation. It is further assumed that the flow of oil for heat distribution within the chassis is effected by a pump, which may be equipped with a reverser, so that the circulation is effected independently of the direction of travel. All this is an assumption, but it is very likely that such solutions exist and are protected by patents.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an expediently simplified version of the above-mentioned pump oil circulating solution which, in addition to the prior art solutions, is simple to operate and reasonably priced, but first and foremost oil entering the wheel hub directly flushes the blade structure or gear unit to be cooled. Of course, since the undercarriages in question are generally used in machinery, only a circulating pump with a reverser is conceivable.

The aim is to implement a gear pump with conventional structures, such as a reversing gear, which is driven by a specially designed gear transmission, or from this gear pump to make the pipeline to the wheel hub of a very complex assembly of 30-40 parts. can be implemented. The circulatory systems built on this principle represent the state of the art, their novelty content is questionable, their complexity requires unreasonably high effort, their probability of failure during application is greater, and the main components of the structure to be lubricated are damaged due to their malfunctions.

The intended goal can only be achieved with conventional construction solutions with the above complex system, for which there is surely a more suitable, simpler, less expensive and reliable solution.

The oil circulating system of the present invention may have been realized by multiple discoveries, namely:

- The geometric centerline including the axis of rotation is the most preferred location for oil inlet to the wheel hub, since the oil to be introduced is placed in the center of rotation of the rotating brake blades and is flushed radially by centrifugal force.

- The transmission of power between the main gear and the hub is carried out by means of a so-called half shaft, which is located at the most convenient oil inlet, ie the geometric center of the axis of rotation, and and a tubular space between the inner cylinder periphery of the bore for oil flow.

- There are very reliable so-called eccentric shut-off valves pumps, which are much simpler than the gear pump, and contain only 4-5 parts at the border, and are particularly reliable for lubricant flow and can be mounted directly on the drive shaft. Such pumps have not yet been used for lubrication purposes, for example, one of their latest versions has been patented by the National Invention Office under number 193 123.

- For the eccentric shut-off pump, the author of the cited patent has developed an improved version of the reverser for which the patent process is in progress.

- The eccentric shut-off valve pump is mounted on the drive shaft and is connected to a discharge pipe which includes the drive shaft and can be led up to the shaft bore for passing the shaft.

- Of course, for the operation of the pressure system as described above, it is also necessary to provide for the lubricant to be returned from the hub, which is best accomplished by means of shaft bore holes made to stabilize the oil level.

- Due to the simplicity of the solution used, it is economical to install a pump and a discharge pipe on each of the two axles.

The object of the present invention, which is the simplest construction of a circulating system pumped from the oil space of the bridge house with a directional lubricating oil pump near the center of rotation of the wheel hub, using the above insertions, is a manifold connection, comprising a manifold having a size and airtightness for the passage of a lubricant through and extending to the bore of the shaft joint to pass through the shaft of the shaft.

The oil circulation system of the present invention solves this task in a very simplified manner, since no separate drive of the shaft-mounted pump is required in a torque-transmitting manner, thus eliminating small gear components, gears, gears no space is needed to accommodate all of these, a lighter and cheaper structure can be implemented.

HU 216 712 Β

The present invention does not require the pump to be suspended as it is carried by the camshaft, so no special care is required, but it has the advantage that the impact of the camshaft curvature during operation is not burdened by the pump relative to the camshaft. it does not move relative to the axis. The easiest way to hold the pump housing against rotation is to select the dimensions of the rectangular pump housing so that it cannot rotate in the axle housing.

The manifold around the shaft is completely in line with the pump being pumped, on the one hand there is no need to make a new bore for the manifold, because where the manifold passes through the manifold, the manifold can also be connected to the bore this is achieved because the oil is introduced around the center of rotation of the hub, from where centrifugal force acts to flush the lamellae or to lubricate the heavy-duty planetary system with lower temperature oil and thus cool it.

In essence, the circulatory system of the present invention is significantly simpler, less expensive, more efficient and more reliable than its presently used lubricating oil systems.

One of the simplest, extremely easy to install and fabricate embodiments of the present invention is that it is connected directly to the bore of the shaft coupling for passing the shaft through the pump outlet. This solution eliminates the pressure pipe completely, which further simplifies the design of the circulatory system.

Another simple embodiment of the circulating system according to the invention may be a solution characterized in that the pump housing and the discharge pipe are made in one piece. This solution is best used where the pump and shaft coupling are close to each other, due to the short shaft length or other structural reasons.

In a further preferred embodiment of the oil circulating system according to the invention, the pump is located and constructed in the shaft shaft bore hole of the camshaft, while the discharge pipe itself is the bore. Thus, in this embodiment, the initial portion of the bore on the bridge body is configured to match the internal design required for the pump, thereby replacing the pump housing, while continuing with the displacement tube including the thrust tube. This achieves the simplest possible embodiment of the circulatory system according to the invention.

It is also possible to implement the oil circulating system according to the invention so that the warmed oil flowing from the wheel hub preferably through the return ports should be routed as far as possible from the suction port of the pump for good cooling. Such a solution is characterized in that the backflow apertures located on the shaft joint have a return line.

The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 illustrates a conventional gear pump oil circulation system in which the pump is driven through a gear ratio and the pressure pipe is guided through a bore directly provided for this purpose.

Fig. 2 illustrates a circulating system with an eccentric, biasing, end-piston pump mounted on a pivot shaft according to the invention, showing a pump connection encircling the pivot shaft and a pivot including a pivot tube leading to the pivot.

Fig. 3 is a circulating system according to the invention in which the pump port is connected directly to the shaft shaft bore hole through the pump outlet.

Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment of the invention in which the pump and the discharge pipe are one piece.

Figure 5 illustrates an embodiment of an oil circulating system according to the invention in which the pump is disposed in a shaft bore hole for passing through the shaft and the discharge pipe itself.

Fig. 6 shows a variant of the embodiment according to Fig. 5, in which the return ports located on the shaft joint have a return line.

Figure 1 illustrates a conventional oil flow gear or pump pump circulating system 102 for comparison with the present invention in a wet wheel hub gear unit 111 or where a heavy load on hub planetary gear 112 necessitates flushing of the hub 110. In the illustrated embodiment, the gear pump 102 is provided

Its housing 103 is screwed to the bottom 106 of the banjo 105 of the bridge housing 104, the pump 102 is driven by a gear gear 109 on the drive shaft 108 and a gear gear 122 bolted to the equalizer housing 120. The gear pump 102 used is of the inverter type 101, i.e. its construction is rather complicated due to the reversing mechanism 101. In addition, the gear pump 102 is provided with a branched pipe 133 following the inner wall 131 of the bridge housing and extending into both shaft couplings 132, with barrier members 134 in the boreholes 135, 136 of the pump housing 102 and the shaft coupling 132 - must be installed. If the conduit 133 is longer, provision must also be made for at least one intermediate suspension 137 per side, which may be provided by a pipe clamp 138, a screw 139 and a thread 140 bore. Of course, this is not an easy task due to the difficult accessibility, and threaded holes 140 can only be machined from the outside.

It weakens 104 bridge houses as load-bearing elements.

In this solution, special care must be taken to maintain the spacing 141 of the gear ratios 109 and 122 incorporated in the gear pump 102 within a certain tolerance, which can only be measured indirectly, since tooth engagement occurs only after main gear unit 142 is installed; gear is no longer accessible from outside. If said wheelbase 141 is outside the required tolerance field, the life of the gears 109 and 122 in the drive is significantly reduced, which in turn results in failure of the heavy-duty brake or planetary gear 112 desired to be lubricated.

The conventional circulating system of Figure 1 thus has a complicated structure, 25-30 parts, pump 102, geared with external gear 109 and 122, reverse gear 101, and pipe fittings 134, with hard-to-mount piping 133 for direct connection of the pipeline 133 , 135, 136, and hard-mounting clamps 138 for fastening the tubes 133. The shaft stubs 132 require a return bore 143 at the oil level 145 to recycle the lubricating oil 144 accumulating in the wheel hub 110.

Keeping the spacing 141 of the gear connection 109, 122 used to drive the gear pump 102 within the specified limits can only be achieved by tightening the components of the dimension chain, which further increases the initially substantial expense of the solution and disproportionately increases the cost of the structure.

The circulating system of the invention shown in Fig. 2 serves the same purpose, but to simplify the system, the eccentric shut-off pump 2 is connected to the spindle core 3 and is connected to the hub axle 1 on both sides by a torque transfer pump. connection, comprising a pressure pipe 7 of a size and airtightness suitable for the passage of lubricant 6, which includes and wraps around the shaft 1 and which surrounds the shaft 4 through the bore 5 of the shaft 1.

The 2-directional eccentric shut-off valve pump used contains only a few parts (about 5 to 6 pieces) and, due to its construction, is capable of being mounted on a drive shaft 1. The discharge pipe connection 3 of the pump 2 thus installed is designed to include a drive shaft 1 and the discharge pipe 7 also includes the shaft 1 and is connected to the bore 5 of the shaft 4 for passing the shaft 1 without any pipe connecting element. The rotation of the pump 2 with the shaft 1, which would occur as a result of the reaction torque, is prevented by the rectangular design of the pump 2 such that the pump 2 cannot rotate in one direction inside the bridge housing 104.

In this way, the weight of the pump 2 and its discharge pipe 7 in the discharge pipe connection 3 is borne by the half shaft 1, so that no separate suspension of these elements is required. The reaction torque of the pump 2 is also not required to be captured as it develops spontaneously as described above. The pump 2 is driven by a torque shaft 1 which is fastened in a torque-transmitting manner without the intervention of any other structural element, i.e., the conventional gear ratio with its implications is absent.

The discharge pipe 7, which directs the lubricant 6 from the discharge pipe connection 3 of the pump 2 to the guide shaft 5 of the shaft joint 4, is by its simplicity a cutting element which does not require conventional pipe clamps and screws for mounting and fixing.

As can be seen from the above, the lubricant circulation system according to the invention is indeed very simple and consists of few elements and its advanced nature cannot be questioned in comparison with similar structures hitherto used.

The simplicity of the structure allows the use of two independently operating circulatory systems within a single chassis, which is undoubtedly a major benefit, in addition to safe lubrication, in terms of few parts - greater economy in terms of number of parts.

The installation of the circulating system according to the invention is also greatly simplified by installing a pump 2 ready for installation in the bridge housing 104 prior to installation of the main gear unit 142, the pressure pipe 7 of which is previously sealed through one of the lateral opening 143 of the bridge housing 104. must be positioned so that the end of the discharge pipe 7 is in the bore 5 of the shaft 4. Within the oil space, a few tens of millimeters of play between the pressure pipe 7 and the bore 5 already produces satisfactory sealing, so no further sealing is required. When the pressure pipe 7 and the bore 5 are connected, the pump 2, together with the pressure pipe 7 now assembled with it, is slightly raised so that a temporary, vertical support for both pumps 2 is provided inside the bridge housing 104 on its opposite ridge support 144. lifted over the remaining "L" -shaped supports 145 to prevent the pump 145 and the tube 7 mounted with it from dropping and slipping, and the unit thus installed to be in the final position of the pump 2 and rail 7 following installation of the main gear unit 142 Prepare for adjusting the 1 adjusting shaft, ie "threading" them. After inserting the half shaft 1, the circulation system assembly is complete and ready for operation.

Fig. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of the oil circulating system according to the invention, characterized in that the discharge line 3 of the pump 2 is connected directly to the bore 5 of the shaft 4, whereby the discharge pipe 7 may be omitted. In this case, the pump 2 is loosely coupled to the spindle 4 so that after the insertion of the camshaft 1, the composite free movement of the pump 2, the free floating geometry resulting from the "floating" bearing of the camshaft 1, can be completely relaxed. The embodiment of FIG

It is appreciated that the discharge pipe 7 may be omitted, which further simplifies the circulation system of the present invention.

Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the oil circulating system according to the invention in which, due to structural shortness, the pump pipe 7 and the pump pipe 7 are made in one piece. This can also be achieved by making the pump 2 and the discharge pipe 7 a casting, but can also be implemented in such a way that the discharge pipe 7 which is plugged into the discharge port 3 of the pump 2 is welded and can therefore be considered as one piece. The advantage of such an embodiment is that no sealing ring or other sealing material has to be applied between the pump 2 and the discharge pipe 7, and no special care has to be taken to prevent them from slipping.

Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the oil circulating system according to the invention, in which the pump 2 is located and built in the bore 5 of the shaft 4 for passing the half shaft 1, while the pressure pipe 7 is the bore itself. In this solution, the initial portion of the bore 5 of the shaft joint 4 is configured to accommodate the pump 2, thereby further simplifying its construction. With this solution, the bore 5 of the shaft 4 is now also the housing of the pump 2, while fully filling the discharge pipe 7. This form of design is therefore an extremely economical solution, which minimizes the number of parts. Due to the fixed position of the shaft 4, in this solution, the torque transfer connection between the shaft 1 and the pump 2 must be loosened as necessary, but sufficiently.

6 illustrates an embodiment of the oil circulating system according to the invention in which the return holes 8 on the shaft 4 have a return line 9. This embodiment is advantageous, for example, when a pump 2 is installed in the bore 5 of the shaft 4 of Fig. 5, when lubricating oil 6 is sucked near the shaft 4, the heated oil 6 flowing out of the return holes 8 of the shaft 4 leading him far back into the oil space of the 104 bridge houses.

It can be operated immediately after installation of the oil circulation system according to the invention. The chassis is filled with oil and is ready for operation, as the pump is vented automatically in any direction after a few revolutions.

This property is due to the fact that the oil level is high for machine gearboxes, ie about 10-20 mm from the pump rotation axis, so the stationary pump is already in oil, so you do not have to suck air first, ". In this respect, the so-called "half-axis" of the invention results in an extremely lucky arrangement.

It does not require any expertise to set up and operate. In the case of an oil change, the oil can flow freely from the rail to the hub and unscrew the drain plug to drain the waste oil from the hub and refill with fresh oil without any knowledge of the built-in circulation system.

The circulatory system of the present invention is very simple, with only a few components not exceeding a tenth of an order of magnitude, so it may be economical to have a circular system separately mounted on each axle within a chassis.

The manufacture of the parts does not require any special purpose machine, it can be easily manufactured with a universal machine tool fleet, and the solution according to the invention does not create special demands on the parts.

For larger numbers, it is advisable to have some parts of the reversing pump manufactured with advanced fabrication, a pull pin, or a wire electrode punching process, which further simplifies the construction. The efficiency of the circulating system according to the invention depends on the accuracy of the assembled components. Because the entire circulatory system is located in the chassis oil space, there is no need to try to produce overly precise parts, since the gap loss is only returned to the oil space from where the pump sucks. This allows the gasket to be completely omitted in some places, such as when connecting the pressure pipe to the shaft bore.

The circulatory system of the present invention is extremely reliable because of its simplicity, since there are no parts that are particularly used. The pump only needs to overcome the flow losses. After several millions of cycles on the test pump, only traces corresponding to the run-in could be discovered. The pump chosen for the circulation system of the present invention, since it always delivers the lower temperature oil for cooling, can provide its own lubrication impeccably, with virtually infinite lifetime compared to other chassis components, but at least 10 times longer. This means that you can create an ideal cooling lubrication system that is 100% reliable throughout the life of the chassis, which means that the lubricating oil system will not malfunction and result in major, more expensive components .

Summarizing the above, it can be stated that a truly inexpensive and very reliable oil circulation system has been successfully established, which makes the operation of various heavy duty wet brake and planetary hub structures easier and economical.

Claims (5)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Special oil circulation system, especially for wet-wheel drive gearboxes and hub-planetary vehicles, for distributing and discharging local thermal effects from simple, serial or parallel-connected planetary gear systems or hub brakes under heavy load, HU 216 712 Β main gearbox with differential and differential, axle joint mounted at both ends of the axle body in a load-resistant manner, hub pivotally mounted on the axle pivot and bearing capacity, simple coupling system with a wheel hub, a wet brake structure mounted on a hub directly or via planetary gear, with a rotating and stationary lamella bundle, a main gearbox via a planetary gear located in the hub, possibly with a lubricated oil pan, and a transmission with double-sided oil pan, pump, pump submersible suction pipe in the oil chamber of the bridge housing and a bore in the shaft joint having one or more manifolds connecting the hub butt and the hub oil space to the bridge body oil space and operating at the appropriate oil level, characterized in that the pump (2) is connected to the hollow shaft (1) by means of a torque transfer pump; (2) lubricant (6) for the discharge pipe connection (3) encompassing the camshaft (1), in which the camshaft (1) includes and encircles the bore (5) for passing the camshaft (1) through the bore (5). ) is provided with a discharge pipe (7) of a size and seal suitable for the flow. Oil circulating system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pump (2) is connected directly to the bore (5) of the shaft joint (4) for passing the half shaft (1) by means of a pressure opening (3). Oil circulating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pump (2) and the discharge pipe (7) are one piece. Oil circulating system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the pump (2) is located and constructed in the bore (5) of the shaft joint (4) for guiding the shaft (1), while the pressure pipe (2) 7) the hole itself (5). Oil circulation system according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that the return ports (8) located on the shaft joint (4) have a return line (9).